Riesgo Volcánico
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Threatened Birds of the Americas
GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET Leptosittaca branickii V/R10 This poorly known parrot is found very locally in temperate Andean forests in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, in the first two of which it has suffered from much habitat loss; its nomadism, which may be related to a heavy dependence on Podocarpus cones, renders it highly problematic to conserve. DISTRIBUTION The Golden-plumed Parakeet is known from at least 70 specimens, and has been recorded from at least 30 localities scattered through the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Colombia The species is known from two regions on the west slope of the Central Andes (all coordinates, unless otherwise stated, are from Paynter and Traylor 1981), as follows: the Nevado del Ruiz–Nevado del Tolima region on the borders of Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío and Caldas departments (in and around Los Nevados National Park), localities being Hacienda Jaramillo, over 3,000 m, at 4°47’N 75°26’W, September 1918 (Carriker 1955a; nine specimens in CM, all labelled “Santa Ignacia”); above Santa Rosa de Cabal, recently (Hilty and Brown 1986); Laguneta, 3,050 m, at 4°35’N 75°30’W, April 1942 (specimen in ANSP); Alto Quindío Acaime Natural Reserve, 4°37’N 75°28’W, and the nearby Cañon del Quindío Natural Reserve, on the west slope of the Central Andes in Quindío, ranging into adjacent forest on the east slope in Tolima, and present throughout the year (E. Murgueitio R. in litt. 1987; also Renjifo 1991, L. M. Renjifo in litt. 1992, whence coordinates; see Ecology); Rincón Santo, Salento, 2,800 m, December 1989 (J. -
Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: Structure, Eruptive History and Hazards
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91Ž. 1999 1±21 www.elsevier.comrlocaterjvolgeores Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: structure, eruptive history and hazards Minard L. Hall a,1, Claude Robin b,), Bernardo Beate c, Patricia Mothes a,1, Michel Monzier a,d,2 a Instituto Geofõsico,ÂÂ Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador b Institut de Recherches Pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, OPGC, 5 Rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand, France c Departamento de Geologõa,ÂÂÂ Facultad de Geologõa, Minas y Petroleos, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador d Institut de Recherches pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, A.P. 17-11-6596, Quito, Ecuador Accepted 25 March 1999 Abstract Tungurahua, one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes, is made up of three volcanic edifices. Tungurahua I was a 14-km-wide andesitic stratocone which experienced at least one sector collapse followed by the extrusion of a dacite lava series. Tungurahua II, mainly composed of acid andesite lava flows younger than 14,000 years BP, was partly destroyed by the last collapse event, 2955"90 years ago, which left a large amphitheater and produced a ;8-km3 debris deposit. The avalanche collided with the high ridge immediately to the west of the cone and was diverted to the northwest and southwest for ;15 km. A large lahar formed during this event, which was followed in turn by dacite extrusion. Southwestward, the damming of the Chambo valley by the avalanche deposit resulted in a ;10-km-long lake, which was subsequently breached, generating another catastrophic debris flow. -
Relationship Between Static Stress Change and Volcanism. How and If Tectonic Earthquake Could Influence Volcanic Activity
Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open Reports 2014 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR Daniele Alami Michigan Technological University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Geology Commons, and the Volcanology Commons Copyright 2014 Daniele Alami Recommended Citation Alami, Daniele, "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR", Master's report, Michigan Technological University, 2014. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/770 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Geology Commons, and the Volcanology Commons RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATIC STRESS CHANGE AND VOLCANISM. HOW AND IF TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE COULD INFLUENCE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. EXAMPLE OF EL REVENTADOR VOLCANO, ECUADOR. By Daniele Alami A REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Geology MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Daniele Alami This report has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Geology Department of Geological & Mining Engineering & Sciences Report Co-Advisor: Gregory P.Waite Report Co-Advisor: Alessandro Tibaldi Committee Member: Simon Carn Department Chair: John Gierke 1 2 L'infinito non esiste, è solo un numero grande, e l'unico vero cuore è al centro della Terra. Vai davanti a un vulcano e poi dimmi, come ti senti? (Filippo Timi) 3 Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Geologiche Relationship between static stress changes and volcanism. -
Arzilli Unexpected Calbuco 2019
The University of Manchester Research The unexpected explosive sub-Plinian eruption of Calbuco volcano (22–23 April 2015; southern Chile): Triggering mechanism implications DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.04.006 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Arzilli, F., Morgavi, D., Petrelli, M., Polacci, M., Burton, M., Di Genova, D., Spina, L., La Spina, G., Hartley, M. E., Romero, J. E., Fellowes, J., Diaz-alvarado, J., & Perugini, D. (2019). The unexpected explosive sub-Plinian eruption of Calbuco volcano (22–23 April 2015; southern Chile): Triggering mechanism implications. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 378, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.04.006 Published in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:10. -
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. About Ecuador
2nd Meeting of the ITU Centres of Excellence (CoE) Steering Committee for the Americas Region From 11 to 12 December 2019 Quito, Ecuador 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. About Ecuador: Ecuador is the second smallest country in South America. Nevertheless, it has a diversity of landscapes to explore. The Pacific Coast stretches along the western edge of Ecuador, while the Highlands or the "Sierra" is centralized in the country, stretching all the way from the North to the South. The East is mainly composed of Amazonian rainforest; and, the "Island Region" contains the Galapagos Islands, volcanic islands located in the Pacific Ocean about 960 kilometres from the Ecuadorian coast. The unique wildlife located in the archipelago inspired the British naturalist Charles Darwin in the development of the theory of evolution. Due to the proximity of the country with the Equator and its geographic diversity, Ecuador is an ideal destination for lovers of nature, orchids and exotic birds and jungle plants, strange insects, wastelands hit by the wind, tropical forests and intrepid animals. Due to the proximity of the country with the Equator and its geographic diversity, Ecuador is an ideal destination for nature lovers, with orchids and exotic birds, jungle plants and strange insects, moorlands hit by the wind, tropical forests and intrepid animals. In addition to the natural richness, Ecuador has a recognized cultural heritage deriving mainly from the traditions and history of their diverse peoples and nationalities, an integral part of this Andean country. As a result of its small size (256.370 square kilometres), all its regions can be easily visited in a short period of time. -
ECUADOR's FORGOTTEN VOLCANO the Eruption
Desastes en la Región ECUADOR’S FORGOTTEN VOLCANO The Eruption of Reventador Ecuador, one of the countries with the largest number of active volcanoes in the world, awoke on Sunday 3 November to a volcanic emergency. Since not enough funds are available to monitor all volcanoes, the Geophysical Institute of the National Polytechnic School— the body in charge of such surveillance— had not been paying too much attention to Reventador volcano, located 95 Km East of Quito, in the province of Napo, which had lain dormant for 26 years. Such was not the case that morning, though, as violent explosions flung gases, pyroclastic flows and large amounts of ash that reached an altitude of 16 Km. Residents of nearby communities in Napo and Sucumbíos provinces, frightened by the magnitude of the eruption, fled the area. “On Sunday we left in a hurry as soon as we saw that the mountain was starting to spit fire,” said a cattleman from the Chaco, the area nearest the volcano. The lava flows followed the course of Maker River, on the volcano’s slopes, and caused several landslides that cut off the main highway between Quito and Lago Agrio, the capital of Sucumbíos. Easterly winds blowing in the direction of Quito covered everything in their path—fields, rivers, houses, cattle, reservoirs—with dense ash. The population of Oyacachi, one of the most severely affected towns, reported that by 11 in the morning darkness was almost total. The ash reached Quito by 1:30 in the afternoon, wrapping the city in a grey cloud that made it almost impossible to breathe. -
La Catástrofe Del Nevado Del Ruiz, ¿Una Enseñanza Para El Ecuador? El Caso Del Cotopaxi
La catástrofe del Nevado del Ruiz, ¿Una enseñanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi. Robert d’Ercole To cite this version: Robert d’Ercole. La catástrofe del Nevado del Ruiz, ¿Una enseñanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi.. Estudios de Geograf’ia, Corporación Editora Nacional, 1989, Riesgos Naturales en Quito, 2, pp.5-32. hal-01184809 HAL Id: hal-01184809 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01184809 Submitted on 25 Aug 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LA CATASTROFE DEL NEVADO DEL RUIZ l UNA ENSENANZA- PARA EL ECUADOR ? EL CASO DEL COTOPAXI Robert D'Ercole* El 13 de noviembre de 1985, el volcân colombiano, el Nevado deI Ruiz, erupciono provocando la muerte de unas 25.000 personas. Esta es la mayor catâstrofe causada por un volcan desde la que produjo 29.000 victimas, en 1902 en la isla Martinica, luego de la erupci6n de la Montafla Pelée. La magnitud de las consecuencias y el hecho de que el Ruiz haya dado signos de reactivaci6n mucho tiempo antes, plantean el problema deI fenomeno natural pero también de los factores humanos que originaron la tragedia. -
Ecuador Volcano
ECUADOR: VOLCANO 18 October 1999 Information Bulletin N° 02 The Disaster Just two weeks ago, the International Federation issued an Information Bulletin after authorities in Ecuador declared an orange alert regarding increased seismic activity around the Guagua Pichincha volcano. Now, another orange alert has been declared for an even more dangerous volcano, Tungurahua, located 128 km from the capital city, Quito. Of the five active volcanoes in Ecuador - Sumaco, Reventador, Sangay, Guagua Pichincha and Tungurahua - the last two represent a major concern for local authorities, since they could have a direct impact on the population in their vicinity. Tungurahua is classified as a pyroclastic volcano, and eruptions are characterised by violent displacements of rock, ash and lava. According to the head of vulcanology of the Civil Defense, the probability of an eruption is 80%. This means that the country is now threatened by two volcanic situations both of which have a high possibility of eruption within the next two months. In the case of Tungurahua particularly, such an eruption would threaten a number of large towns and many smaller communities. Ecuador’s Geophysics Institute reported on 16 October that over 10,000 of the tourist city of Baños’s 20,000 citizens and their neighbors have been evacuated. The increasing probability of an eruption has been accompanied by permanent changes in the cone of the volcano, and the presence of pyroclastic material, daily emission of ash and mudslides. Further accumulation of lava and mud will create serious risks of larger mudslides. There is already considerable damage to agriculture with some loss of livestock. -
Emergency Plan of Action (Epoa) Ecuador: Volcano Preparedness
Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Ecuador: Volcano Preparedness Emergency DREF Tungurahua Volcano 2015 MDREC010 Date issued: 9 December 2015 Date of disaster: 19 November 2015 Operation manager (responsible for this EPoA): Pabel Angeles, Regional Disaster Management Coordinator – South America – Point of Contact: Paola López - National International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Technical Response, Ecuadorian Red Cross (IFRC) Operation start date: 19 November 2015 Expected timeframe: 3 months Overall operation budget: 124,895 Swiss francs (CHF) Number of people to be assisted: 5,000 Number of people affected: 130,042 people. people (1,000 families). Host National Society presence (number of volunteers, staff, and branches): National Ecuadorian Red Cross (ERC) Headquarters; 24 Province boards; 110 branches; 8,000 volunteers; 200 staff members. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation (if available and relevant): IFRC Other partner organisations actively involved in the operation: Government Ministries, Risk Management Secretariat, local governments, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), Plan International <Click here for the contact information. Click here for the DREF budget> A. Situation Analysis Description of the Disaster There are 30 active volcanoes on mainland Ecuador. On 17 November, the Tungurahua Volcano (5,023 m), located in the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes of central Ecuador, 140 kilometres (87 mi) south of the capital Quito increased in activity and was evident from the continuous emissions of water vapour columns with moderate to high ash content that have reached 3,500 metres above the crater level and are moving in a north- westerly direction. -
SABO in Ecuador
SABO in Ecuador Remigio Galárraga Sánchez, Ph. D. Water Sciences Unit, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Escuela Politécnica Nacional-Quito, Ecuador Lima – Perú November 20 – 26, 2005 Layout of presentation: • 1. First steps of SABO in Ecuador. List of disaster prevention engineering projects. • 2. Experiences of SABO in Ecuador. • 2.1. The Guagua Pichincha experience. • 2.2. The Cotopaxi volcano experience. • 2.3. HIGEODES 1. First steps of SABO in Ecuador. • DEBRIS-MUD FLOWS OF VOLCANIC ORIGIN • Debris and mud flows numerical simulation • Early warning systems – Pichincha volcano • Physical hydraulic models • Hazard maps • Structural and non-structural mitigation measures • DEBRIS-MUD FLOWS OF HYDROMETEOROLOGIC ORIGEN. • HIGEODES –Hydrogeodynamic & Antropogenic Disaster Prevention Research Center. • Main disaster prevention Engineering Projects. a.- Debris- mudflow hazard maps in the western part of the city of Quito. b.- Physical modeling of deposited volcanic ash. c.- Mudflow simulation using FLO-2D. Due to a possible eruption of the Guagua Pichincha volcano, west of Quito. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 2. SABO IN ECUADOR THEThe GUAGUA Guagua PICHINCHA Pichincha VOLCANO volcano 2.1 The Guagua Pichincha volcano • Location: Latitude: 0. 17° S Longitude: 78.60° W • Basic information Elevation: 4794 m Diameter in the base: 12 km N-S Type of volcano: Estratovolcano with an avalanche open caldera to the west • Diameter of the caldera: 1.6 km Depth of the caldera: 700 m Domo in the caldera, elevation: 400 m • GUAGUA PICHINCHA: • First attemp to study debris and mud flows of volcanic origin by numerical simulation both in the sideslopes of the volcano masiff andwithinthecity. -
Large-Scale Inflation of Tungurahua Volcano (Ecuador) Revealed by Persistent Scatterers SAR Interferometry J
Large-scale inflation of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) revealed by Persistent Scatterers SAR interferometry J. Champenois, V. Pinel, S. Baize, L. Audin, H. Jomard, A. Hooper, A. Alvarado, H. Yepes To cite this version: J. Champenois, V. Pinel, S. Baize, L. Audin, H. Jomard, et al.. Large-scale inflation of Tungurahua vol- cano (Ecuador) revealed by Persistent Scatterers SAR interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, 2014, 41 (16), pp.5821-5828. 10.1002/2014GL060956. hal-02614039 HAL Id: hal-02614039 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02614039 Submitted on 20 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GeophysicalResearchLetters RESEARCH LETTER Large-scale inflation of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) 10.1002/2014GL060956 revealed by Persistent Scatterers SAR interferometry Key Points: J. Champenois1,2, V. Pinel2, S. Baize1, L. Audin2, H. Jomard1, A. Hooper3, A. Alvarado4, and H. Yepes2,4 • We use PS-InSAR method to detect volcanic deformation at 1Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, -
Frozen Mummies from Andean Mountaintop Shrines: Bioarchaeology and Ethnohistory of Inca Human Sacrifice
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 439428, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/439428 Review Article Frozen Mummies from Andean Mountaintop Shrines: Bioarchaeology and Ethnohistory of Inca Human Sacrifice Maria Constanza Ceruti Instituto de Investigaciones de Alta Montana,˜ Universidad Catolica´ de Salta, Campus Castanares,˜ 4400 Salta, Argentina Correspondence should be addressed to Maria Constanza Ceruti; [email protected] Received 22 December 2014; Accepted 5 April 2015 Academic Editor: Andreas G. Nerlich Copyright © 2015 Maria Constanza Ceruti. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study will focus on frozen mummies of sacrificial victims from mounts Llullaillaco (6739 m), Quehuar (6130 m), ElToro (6160 m), and the Aconcagua massif. These finds provide bioarchaeological data from mountaintop sites that has been recovered in scientifically controlled excavations in the northwest of Argentina, which was once part of the southern province of the Inca Empire. Numerous interdisciplinary studies have been conducted on the Llullaillaco mummies, including radiological evaluations by conventional X-rays and CT scans, which provided information about condition and pathology of the bones and internal organ, as well as dental studies oriented to the estimation of the ages of the three children at the time of death. Ancient DNA studies and hair analysis were also performed in cooperation with the George Mason University, the University of Bradford, and the Laboratory of Biological Anthropology at the University of Copenhagen. Ethnohistorical sources reveal interesting aspects related to the commemorative, expiatory, propitiatory, and dedicatory aspects of human sacrifice performed under Inca rule.