Large-Scale Inflation of Tungurahua Volcano (Ecuador) Revealed by Persistent Scatterers SAR Interferometry J
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Threatened Birds of the Americas
GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET Leptosittaca branickii V/R10 This poorly known parrot is found very locally in temperate Andean forests in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, in the first two of which it has suffered from much habitat loss; its nomadism, which may be related to a heavy dependence on Podocarpus cones, renders it highly problematic to conserve. DISTRIBUTION The Golden-plumed Parakeet is known from at least 70 specimens, and has been recorded from at least 30 localities scattered through the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Colombia The species is known from two regions on the west slope of the Central Andes (all coordinates, unless otherwise stated, are from Paynter and Traylor 1981), as follows: the Nevado del Ruiz–Nevado del Tolima region on the borders of Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío and Caldas departments (in and around Los Nevados National Park), localities being Hacienda Jaramillo, over 3,000 m, at 4°47’N 75°26’W, September 1918 (Carriker 1955a; nine specimens in CM, all labelled “Santa Ignacia”); above Santa Rosa de Cabal, recently (Hilty and Brown 1986); Laguneta, 3,050 m, at 4°35’N 75°30’W, April 1942 (specimen in ANSP); Alto Quindío Acaime Natural Reserve, 4°37’N 75°28’W, and the nearby Cañon del Quindío Natural Reserve, on the west slope of the Central Andes in Quindío, ranging into adjacent forest on the east slope in Tolima, and present throughout the year (E. Murgueitio R. in litt. 1987; also Renjifo 1991, L. M. Renjifo in litt. 1992, whence coordinates; see Ecology); Rincón Santo, Salento, 2,800 m, December 1989 (J. -
Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: Structure, Eruptive History and Hazards
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 91Ž. 1999 1±21 www.elsevier.comrlocaterjvolgeores Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: structure, eruptive history and hazards Minard L. Hall a,1, Claude Robin b,), Bernardo Beate c, Patricia Mothes a,1, Michel Monzier a,d,2 a Instituto Geofõsico,ÂÂ Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador b Institut de Recherches Pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, OPGC, 5 Rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand, France c Departamento de Geologõa,ÂÂÂ Facultad de Geologõa, Minas y Petroleos, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, P.O. Box 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador d Institut de Recherches pour le DeÂÕeloppement() IRD, ex-ORSTOM , UR 6, A.P. 17-11-6596, Quito, Ecuador Accepted 25 March 1999 Abstract Tungurahua, one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes, is made up of three volcanic edifices. Tungurahua I was a 14-km-wide andesitic stratocone which experienced at least one sector collapse followed by the extrusion of a dacite lava series. Tungurahua II, mainly composed of acid andesite lava flows younger than 14,000 years BP, was partly destroyed by the last collapse event, 2955"90 years ago, which left a large amphitheater and produced a ;8-km3 debris deposit. The avalanche collided with the high ridge immediately to the west of the cone and was diverted to the northwest and southwest for ;15 km. A large lahar formed during this event, which was followed in turn by dacite extrusion. Southwestward, the damming of the Chambo valley by the avalanche deposit resulted in a ;10-km-long lake, which was subsequently breached, generating another catastrophic debris flow. -
Insight Into Subvolcanic Magma Plumbing Systems Wendy A
Insight into subvolcanic magma plumbing systems Wendy A. Bohrson Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA The Island of Hawaii, which is among the of CO2 inclusions (Bohrson and Clague, 1988; best-studied volcanic islands on Earth, provides Roedder, 1965). Rare gabbro from layer 3 of the lush ground for debates in volcanology that oceanic crust has also been identifi ed (Clague, focus on how magmatic systems evolve in space 1987a). Thus, a likely location for the deeper and time. Hawaiian volcanoes evolve through chamber is at the base of the oceanic crust. The four eruptive stages that are characterized by relatively low magma supply associated with distinct composition, magma supply rate, and the pre-shield and rejuvenated stages appar- Shallow magma plumbing degree of mantle melting (e.g., Clague, 1987a, ently precludes any persistent crustal magma system 1987b, and references therein). The pre-shield plumbing system; spinel lherzolite and garnet (shield stage) stage, fi rst identifi ed on Loihi Seamount (Moore pyroxenite xenoliths originate in the mantle et al., 1982), erupts mostly alkalic basalt and based on geobarometry, compositional charac- Deep basanite that refl ect a small magma supply and teristics, and other constraints (e.g., Frey and magma plumbing derive from relatively small degrees of mantle Roden, 1987; Frey, 1982). system melting. During the shield stage, tholeiitic Although rare on Hawaiian volcanoes, the (shield and post-shield stage) basalt (like that currently erupted at Kilauea more evolved compositions also provide insight and Mauna Loa) dominates, and refl ects com- into plumbing system dynamics. -
Ignimbrites to Batholiths Ignimbrites to Batholiths: Integrating Perspectives from Geological, Geophysical, and Geochronological Data
Ignimbrites to batholiths Ignimbrites to batholiths: Integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data Peter W. Lipman1,* and Olivier Bachmann2 1U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 910, Menlo Park, California 94028, USA 2Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland ABSTRACT related intrusions cooled and solidified soon shorter. Magma-supply estimates (from ages after zircon crystallization, as magma sup- and volcano-plutonic volumes) yield focused Multistage histories of incremental accu- ply waned. Some researchers interpret these intrusion-assembly rates sufficient to gener- mulation, fractionation, and solidification results as recording pluton assembly in small ate ignimbrite-scale volumes of eruptible during construction of large subvolcanic increments that crystallized rapidly, leading magma, based on published thermal models. magma bodies that remained sufficiently to temporal disconnects between ignimbrite Mid-Tertiary processes of batholith assembly liquid to erupt are recorded by Tertiary eruption and intrusion growth. Alternatively, associated with the SRMVF caused drastic ignimbrites, source calderas, and granitoid crystallization ages of the granitic rocks chemical and physical reconstruction of the intrusions associated with large gravity lows are here inferred to record late solidifica- entire lithosphere, probably accompanied by at the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic tion, after protracted open-system evolution asthenospheric input. field (SRMVF). Geophysical -
Full-Text PDF (Final Published Version)
Pritchard, M. E., de Silva, S. L., Michelfelder, G., Zandt, G., McNutt, S. R., Gottsmann, J., West, M. E., Blundy, J., Christensen, D. H., Finnegan, N. J., Minaya, E., Sparks, R. S. J., Sunagua, M., Unsworth, M. J., Alvizuri, C., Comeau, M. J., del Potro, R., Díaz, D., Diez, M., ... Ward, K. M. (2018). Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes. Geosphere, 14(3), 954-982. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY-NC Link to published version (if available): 10.1130/GES01578.1 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Geo Science World at https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01578.1 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: PLUTONS: Investigating the Relationship between Pluton Growth and Volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE Synthesis: PLUTONS: Investigating the relationship between pluton growth and volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE; v. 14, no. 3 M.E. Pritchard1,2, S.L. de Silva3, G. Michelfelder4, G. Zandt5, S.R. McNutt6, J. Gottsmann2, M.E. West7, J. Blundy2, D.H. -
Hawaiian Volcanoes: from Source to Surface Site Waikolao, Hawaii 20 - 24 August 2012
AGU Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Site Waikolao, Hawaii 20 - 24 August 2012 Conveners Michael Poland, USGS – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USA Paul Okubo, USGS – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USA Ken Hon, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, USA Program Committee Rebecca Carey, University of California, Berkeley, USA Simon Carn, Michigan Technological University, USA Valerie Cayol, Obs. de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand Helge Gonnermann, Rice University, USA Scott Rowland, SOEST, University of Hawai'i at M noa, USA Financial Support 2 AGU Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Site Meeting At A Glance Sunday, 19 August 2012 1600h – 1700h Welcome Reception 1700h – 1800h Introduction and Highlights of Kilauea’s Recent Eruption Activity Monday, 20 August 2012 0830h – 0900h Welcome and Logistics 0900h – 0945h Introduction – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Its First 100 Years of Advancing Volcanism 0945h – 1215h Magma Origin and Ascent I 1030h – 1045h Coffee Break 1215h – 1330h Lunch on Your Own 1330h – 1430h Magma Origin and Ascent II 1430h – 1445h Coffee Break 1445h – 1600h Magma Origin and Ascent Breakout Sessions I, II, III, IV, and V 1600h – 1645h Magma Origin and Ascent III 1645h – 1900h Poster Session Tuesday, 21 August 2012 0900h – 1215h Magma Storage and Island Evolution I 1215h – 1330h Lunch on Your Own 1330h – 1445h Magma Storage and Island Evolution II 1445h – 1600h Magma Storage and Island Evolution Breakout Sessions I, II, III, IV, and V 1600h – 1645h Magma Storage -
La Catástrofe Del Nevado Del Ruiz, ¿Una Enseñanza Para El Ecuador? El Caso Del Cotopaxi
La catástrofe del Nevado del Ruiz, ¿Una enseñanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi. Robert d’Ercole To cite this version: Robert d’Ercole. La catástrofe del Nevado del Ruiz, ¿Una enseñanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi.. Estudios de Geograf’ia, Corporación Editora Nacional, 1989, Riesgos Naturales en Quito, 2, pp.5-32. hal-01184809 HAL Id: hal-01184809 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01184809 Submitted on 25 Aug 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LA CATASTROFE DEL NEVADO DEL RUIZ l UNA ENSENANZA- PARA EL ECUADOR ? EL CASO DEL COTOPAXI Robert D'Ercole* El 13 de noviembre de 1985, el volcân colombiano, el Nevado deI Ruiz, erupciono provocando la muerte de unas 25.000 personas. Esta es la mayor catâstrofe causada por un volcan desde la que produjo 29.000 victimas, en 1902 en la isla Martinica, luego de la erupci6n de la Montafla Pelée. La magnitud de las consecuencias y el hecho de que el Ruiz haya dado signos de reactivaci6n mucho tiempo antes, plantean el problema deI fenomeno natural pero también de los factores humanos que originaron la tragedia. -
Receiver Function Analyses of Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia and Vicinity
University of South Florida Scholar Commons School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications School of Geosciences 11-2017 Receiver Function Analyses of Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia and Vicinity Heather McFarlin University of South Florida Douglas Christensen University of Alaska, Fairbanks Stephen R. McNutt University of South Florida, [email protected] Kevin M. Ward University of Utah Jamie Ryan University of Arizona See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Scholar Commons Citation McFarlin, Heather; Christensen, Douglas; McNutt, Stephen R.; Ward, Kevin M.; Ryan, Jamie; Zandt, George; and Thompson, Glenn, "Receiver Function Analyses of Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia and Vicinity" (2017). School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications. 1430. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1430 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Geosciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Heather McFarlin, Douglas Christensen, Stephen R. McNutt, Kevin M. Ward, Jamie Ryan, George Zandt, and Glenn Thompson This article is available at Scholar Commons: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1430 Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: PLUTONS: Investigating the Relationship between Pluton Growth and Volcanism in the Central Andes GEOSPHERE Receiver function analyses of Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia and vicinity Heather McFarlin1, Douglas Christensen2, Stephen R. McNutt1, Kevin M. Ward3, Jamie Ryan4, George Zandt4, and Glenn Thompson1 1University of South Florida School of Geosciences, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, NES 107, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA GEOSPHERE; v. -
Scale Deformation of Volcanic Centres in the Central Andes
letters to nature 14. Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides of 1–1.5 cm yr21 (Fig. 2). An area in southern Peru about 2.5 km and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 32, 751–767 (1976). east of the volcano Hualca Hualca and 7 km north of the active 15. Hansen, M. (ed.) Constitution of Binary Alloys (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958). 21 16. Emsley, J. (ed.) The Elements (Clarendon, Oxford, 1994). volcano Sabancaya is inflating with U LOS of about 2 cm yr . A third 21 17. Tanaka, H., Takahashi, I., Kimura, M. & Sobukawa, H. in Science and Technology in Catalysts 1994 (eds inflationary source (with ULOS ¼ 1cmyr ) is not associated with Izumi, Y., Arai, H. & Iwamoto, M.) 457–460 (Kodansya-Elsevier, Tokyo, 1994). a volcanic edifice. This third source is located 11.5 km south of 18. Tanaka, H., Tan, I., Uenishi, M., Kimura, M. & Dohmae, K. in Topics in Catalysts (eds Kruse, N., Frennet, A. & Bastin, J.-M.) Vols 16/17, 63–70 (Kluwer Academic, New York, 2001). Lastarria and 6.8 km north of Cordon del Azufre on the border between Chile and Argentina, and is hereafter called ‘Lazufre’. Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on Nature’s website Robledo caldera, in northwest Argentina, is subsiding with U (http://www.nature.com/nature). LOS of 2–2.5 cm yr21. Because the inferred sources are more than a few kilometres deep, any complexities in the source region are damped Acknowledgements such that the observed surface deformation pattern is smooth. -
Emergency Plan of Action (Epoa) Ecuador: Volcano Preparedness
Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Ecuador: Volcano Preparedness Emergency DREF Tungurahua Volcano 2015 MDREC010 Date issued: 9 December 2015 Date of disaster: 19 November 2015 Operation manager (responsible for this EPoA): Pabel Angeles, Regional Disaster Management Coordinator – South America – Point of Contact: Paola López - National International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Technical Response, Ecuadorian Red Cross (IFRC) Operation start date: 19 November 2015 Expected timeframe: 3 months Overall operation budget: 124,895 Swiss francs (CHF) Number of people to be assisted: 5,000 Number of people affected: 130,042 people. people (1,000 families). Host National Society presence (number of volunteers, staff, and branches): National Ecuadorian Red Cross (ERC) Headquarters; 24 Province boards; 110 branches; 8,000 volunteers; 200 staff members. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation (if available and relevant): IFRC Other partner organisations actively involved in the operation: Government Ministries, Risk Management Secretariat, local governments, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), Plan International <Click here for the contact information. Click here for the DREF budget> A. Situation Analysis Description of the Disaster There are 30 active volcanoes on mainland Ecuador. On 17 November, the Tungurahua Volcano (5,023 m), located in the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes of central Ecuador, 140 kilometres (87 mi) south of the capital Quito increased in activity and was evident from the continuous emissions of water vapour columns with moderate to high ash content that have reached 3,500 metres above the crater level and are moving in a north- westerly direction. -
Insights Into the Recurrent Energetic Eruptions That Drive Awu Among the Deadliest Volcanoes on Earth
Insights into the recurrent energetic eruptions that drive Awu among the deadliest volcanoes on earth Philipson Bani1, Kristianto2, Syegi Kunrat2, Devy Kamil Syahbana2 5 1- Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal - CNRS -IRD, OPGC, Aubière, France. 2- Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Jl. Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung, Indonesia Correspondence to: Philipson Bani ([email protected]) 10 Abstract The little known Awu volcano (Sangihe island, Indonesia) is among the deadliest with a cumulative death toll of 11048. In less than 4 centuries, 18 eruptions were recorded, including two VEI-4 and three VEI-3 eruptions with worldwide impacts. The regional geodynamic setting is controlled by a divergent-double-subduction and an arc-arc collision. In that context, the slab stalls in the mantle, undergoes an increase of temperature and becomes prone to 15 melting, a process that sustained the magmatic supply. Awu also has the particularity to host alternatively and simultaneously a lava dome and a crater lake throughout its activity. The lava dome passively erupted through the crater lake and induced strong water evaporation from the crater. A conduit plug associated with this dome emplacement subsequently channeled the gas emission to the crater wall. However, with the lava dome cooling, the high annual rainfall eventually reconstituted the crater lake and created a hazardous situation on Awu. Indeed with a new magma 20 injection, rapid pressure buildup may pulverize the conduit plug and the lava dome, allowing lake water injection and subsequent explosive water-magma interaction. The past vigorous eruptions are likely induced by these phenomena, a possible scenario for the future events. -
Volcan Peteroa
GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ACTIVE AZUFRE-PLANCHON-PETEROA VOLCANIC CENTER (35015 ' S, SOUTHERN ANDES): IMPLICATIONS FOR CORDILLERAN ARC MAGMATISM by Daniel Richard Tormey B.S. Civil Engineering and Geology, Stanford University (1983) Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology February, 1989 ©Daniel Richard Tormey, 1989. All rights reserved The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reproduce and distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, & Plane6fry Sciences, MIT 6 January 1989 Certified by: I . rederick A.Frey Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: S,, Dr. Thomas H. Jordan Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students ARCH?," AP 111989 Geology and Geochemistry of the Active Azufre-Planchon-Peteroa Volcanic Center (35015'S, Southern Andes): Implications for Cordilleran Arc Magmatism by Daniel Richard Tormey Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences on 6 January 1989 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ABSTRACT Magmatism in convergent margin settings is the dominant mechanism of mass transfer from the mantle to the crust and of crustal growth during the Phanerozoic. The results of a detailed study of the Azufre-Planchon-Peteroa Volcanic Center and of regional comparison of volcanoes in the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes between 330S and 420S constrain the sources, processes, and rates operative during magmatism of the southern Andean volcanic front. The Azufre-Planchon-Peteroa Volcanic Center is located at 350 15'S, in a transition zone of crustal thickness.