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of RELICSthe PAST RELIQUESdu PASSÉ Treasures of the Greek Orthodox Trésors de l’Église orthodoxe Church and the Population Exchange grecque et l’Échange de population The Benaki Museum Collections Les collections du Musée Benaki RELICS OF THE PAST | RELIQUES DU PASSÉ Sponsored by | Avec le soutien of RELICSthe PAST RELIQUESdu PASSÉ Treasures of the Greek Orthodox Trésors de l’Église orthodoxe Church and the Population Exchange grecque et l’Échange de population The Benaki Museum Collections Les collections du Musée Benaki edited by sous la direction de Anna Ballian This publication accompanies the exhibition Relics of the Past: Treasures of the Greek Orthodox Church and the Population Exchange. The Benaki Museum Collections, held in the Orthodox Centre of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Chambésy, Switzerland, from 3 February to 24 July 2011, organized by the Benaki Museum with the support and sponsorship of the John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation. Cette publication accompagne l’exposition «Reliques du passé : trésors de l’Église orthodoxe grecque et l’Échange de population. Les collections du Musée Benaki» au Centre Orthodoxe du Patriarcat œcuménique à Chambésy en Suisse, du 3 février au 24 juillet 2011, organisée par le Musée Benaki le avec le soutien et le mécenat de la Fondation d’utilité publique John S. Latsis. BENAKI MUSEUM THE JOHN S. LATSIS PUBLIC BENEFIT 5 CONTINENTS EDITIONS Cover Couverture FOUNDATION Bejewelled hand, 17th century Exhibition and catalogue curator Editorial coordination Main ornée de pierres, XVIIe siècle Commissaire Architect and Museum Designer Coordination éditoriale Anna Ballian Architecte du musée Laura Maggioni Back cover Quatrième de couverture Ares Serbetis Liturgical cuff, 18th–19th century Editorial Assistant English translation Manipule, XVIIIe-XIXe siècles Assistance éditoriale Assistants Assistants Traduction en anglais Maria Sardi S. Gonzalez Valerie Nunn W. Schaichet Entries Notices French translation Anna Ballian Exhibition designer Traduction en français Anastasia Drandaki (A. D.) Design de l’exposition Henri Tonnet Ioannis Gerekos Le texte de Mme Hirschon a été traduit Photographs Photographies de l'anglais par Catherine Roussey Vasilis Tsonis Editing Map Carte Secrétariat de rédaction Penelope Matsouka Andrew Ellis Anne-Claire Juramie Installation Installation Conservation Department Art direction Département de la Conservation Direction artistique Annarita De Sanctis Production manager Directeur de production Enzo Porcino contents | sommaire 6 | 7 FOREWORD | AVANT-PROPOS 24 |25 THE VOICE OF THE HEIRLOOMS. THEIR LONG His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew JOURNEY THROUGH TIME | LA VOIX DES RELIQUES. Sa Sainteté, le Patriarche Œcuménique Bartholomée LEUR LONG VOYAGE À TRAVERS LE TEMPS Ioanna Petropoulou 8 | 9 FOREWORD | AVANT-PROPOS John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation 36 |37 RELICS OF THE PAST: TREASURES OF THE GREEK Fondation d’utilité publique Ioannis S. Latsis ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE POPULATION EXCHANGE | RELIQUES DU PASSÉ : TRÉSORS DE L’ÉGLISE ORTHODOXE GRECQUE ET L’ÉCHANGE 10 |11 FOREWORD | AVANT-PROPOS DE POPULATION Angelos Delivorrias Anna Ballian Director of the Benaki Museum Directeur du Musée Benaki CATALOGUE | CATALOGUE 58 |59 Eastern Thrace | Thrace orientale 12 |13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | REMERCIEMENTS 80 |81 Pontos | Pont 114 | 115 Cappadocia | Cappadoce 14 |15 MAP | CARTE 149 | 149 The Art of the Capital | L'art de la capitale 204 | 205 Western Asia Minor | Asie mineure occidentale 212 | 213 Foreign Workshops | Ateliers étrangers 16 |17 RELICS OF THE REFUGEES | OBJETS SACRÉS DES RÉFUGIÉS Renée Hirschon 226 BIBLIOGRAPHY | BIBLIOGRAPHIE Dear readers, brethren and children in the Lord of our Mediocrity, may God grant you grace and peace. God is the source of all gifts, apportioning them according to His great wisdom and benevolence to man. And this happens to include the gifts which can be seen, read, and admired in all sections of ecclesiastical art. There is no doubt—and many people bear witness to this—that a great many creative people and artists have had within them, in addition to their talent, that profound faith and piety which confesses their work to be “the gift of God by the hand of…” and intends it to glorify Him. They were aware that their skill was used to serve the divine worship that made their works sacred. The ecclesiastical art, nowadays universally admired, which belongs to us in the Eastern Orthodox Church, from architecture down to the smallest works of the minor arts, attests to this. And this can be more profoundly under- stood and better evaluated if it is approached by specialists and others, not just with admiration for the work, but with awe and piety, since any holy heirloom and work of art which has been used in divine worship is inhabited by the inalienable grace of the blessing with holy water, even if it is no longer used for religious purposes, but displayed in a museum. Yet in addition to their sacredness, each of these heirlooms is connected with historical memory, recalling its provenance or the place where it was used in the days when that place was flourishing in cultural and religious terms, as well as in times when the Christian community was undergoing ordeals and the struggle to save itself, until it ended up in a museum display case, or being used in new churches, built by the Orthodox communities who had had to move away, but who had once been under the auspices of the Most Holy Ecumenical Throne of the Martyrs. And moreover, wherever these works ended up, whether near or far, where they were known and studied, not only were they valued for their artistry and their history, but they provided inspiration for new creations. The Mother Church of Constantinople is most especially delighted with this exhibition which has been organ- ized by the Benaki Museum in the newly established museum in Chambésy, part of the Orthodox Centre in Geneva, nobly sponsored in this case by the much-honoured Latsis family. Wherefore, congratulating and thanking those who have contributed to the exhibition, and pouring paternal and Patriarchal blessings on their heads, we wholeheartedly wish the worthy aim of this exhibition every success. 24 August 2010 His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew Archbishop of Constantinople and New Rome 6 Aux frères qui nous liront et aux chers enfants de notre modeste personne dans le Seigneur, grâce et paix au nom de Dieu. Dieu est la source de tous les dons et dans Sa grande sagesse et Sa grande bonté Il les partage entre les hommes. Tels sont les dons que l’on observe, reconnaît et admire dans les domaines de l’art ecclésiastique. Dans la plupart des cas, il est sûr et attesté à de multiples titres qu’il y avait chez les artistes créateurs, en même temps que le don, la foi profonde et la piété confessant le « don de Dieu, par l’intermédiaire de la main… » et visant à Sa glorification. Ces artistes avaient le sentiment que leur art était au service du culte divin qui sanctifiait leurs œuvres. L’art ecclésiastique admiré de tous aujourd’hui, en particulier celui de l’Orient orthodoxe grec, de l’architecture aux plus petits objets, témoigne de ce qui précède. On le comprend plus profondément et on l’estime davantage, quand on l’aborde, que l’on soit ou non spécialiste, non seulement avec admiration pour l’œuvre, mais aussi avec crainte révéren- cielle et piété, étant donné que toute sainte relique d’art ayant été utilisée dans le culte divin est inséparable de la grâce de la sanctification qui réside en elle, encore qu’elle ne soit plus en usage dans le culte mais exposée dans un musée. Mais outre sa sainteté, chacune de ces reliques est liée à la mémoire historique et renvoie à son lieu d’origine ou d’utilisation, à des périodes de prospérité culturelle et ecclésiastique du pays, à des périodes de tribulations des fidèles chrétiens et aux péripéties du sauvetage de l’objet, jusqu’à ce qu’il aboutisse dans la vitrine d’un musée ou dans de nouvelles églises destinées au culte édifiées par les communautés orthodoxes déplacées, ayant jadis appartenu au très vénérable et tant éprouvé Trône œcuménique. De plus, quel que soit l’endroit, proche ou lointain, où les œuvres ont abouti, étant connues et étudiées, non seulement elles font l’objet d’une estimation artistique et historique, mais elles constituent une source d’inspiration pour une création nouvelle. Notre Mère l’Église de Constantinople se réjouit tout particulièrement de l’exposition organisée dans le nouveau musée de son Centre orthodoxe de Chambésy-Genève par le musée Benaki avec, en l’occurrence, l’aimable concours financier de la très honorable famille Latsis. C’est pourquoi, en félicitant et remerciant ceux qui ont concouru à cette exposition et tout en leur prodiguant nos bénédictions paternelles et patriarcales, nous souhaitons de tout cœur que cette manifestation atteigne pleinement le but louable qu’elle s’est proposé. 24 août 2010 Sa Sainteté, le Patriarche Œcuménique Bartholomée Archevêque de Constantinople-Nouvelle Rome 7 The John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation has made the support and promotion of cultural activities one of the mainstays of its charitable work in Greece and abroad. The special place occupied by ecclesiastical art in cultural creativity worldwide was the fundamental criterion behind the decision to take on sole sponsorship of the exhibition entitled: Relics of the Past: Treasures of the Greek Orthodox Church and the Population Exchange – The Benaki Museum Collections. Sacred heirlooms representing the Orthodox refugee communities from Asia Minor, the Pontos, and Eastern Thrace are displayed in this exhibition, breathing new life in a unique way into religious sentiments, historical memories and local traditions lost in the mists of time. With this exhibition the Orthodox Centre in Chambésy, spiritual powerhouse of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Switzerland, is celebrating the official opening of the Museum of Christian Art, a space dedicated to the systematic promotion of the religious and cultural heritage of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the ages.
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