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EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES USING LEMON PEEL OIL AS ADDITIVES with BIODIESEL ( JATROPHA CURCUS ) in CI ENGINE E.Raja 1, Logesh.G

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EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES USING LEMON PEEL OIL AS ADDITIVES with BIODIESEL ( JATROPHA CURCUS ) in CI ENGINE E.Raja 1, Logesh.G International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 10451-10456 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES USING LEMON PEEL OIL AS ADDITIVES WITH BIODIESEL ( JATROPHA CURCUS ) IN CI ENGINE E.Raja 1, Logesh.G2, P.Naveenchandran3, Harish.V4,C.Jagadeesh Vikram5 1,5Assistant professor, 3Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, BIHER, BIST, Bharath University, Chennai, India 2,4Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India [email protected] Abstract—Energy and fuel crisis has become major global transestrification handle. A two stage pretreatment technique problem. On other hand depletion of fossil fuel also paving way (corrosive esterification) is created for changing over high for finding alternate fuel. Many countries are into research to FFA oil into their esters. The deliberate properties of find solution for these problems. Fuels derived from biomass are biodiesels are according to standard and conclusion to diesel found to be good replacements for conventional fossil fuel. fuel. The Jatropha biodiesel, Jatropha oil and Diesel are Jatropa ,cottonseed oil, orange oil, sunflower oil etc are found to be better replacement. On the other hand high viscosity and poor utilized as fills in pressure start motor, and their execution and combustion quality are some problem for non-commercialization. discharge qualities are broke down. At 80% load Engine In India Jatropa is one of the commercialized fuel. Though it has effectiveness, BSFC, BTE and Mechanical Efficiency good fuel properties it has high emission than diesel. In present expanded and about same as diesel at 100 % stack. At the work Jatropa is selected as test fuel and its emission is controlled point when load is expanded Co2, HC and smoke haziness is by mixing 10% of lemon peel oil which acts as good ignition less, CO almost same and NOx slight expanded. Jatropha enhancer. Lemon oil is obtained from peel of lemon fruit is used biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, it has more oxygen and and it is found that Jatropa oil with lemon oil blend shows Jatropha oil can be utilized as a part of diesel motor with no reduced emissions than pure Jatropa oil operated mode when change[35-41]. tested in CI engine. Overall it is found that HC,CO, CO2,NOX and smoke is less than pure biodiesel emissions and close to diesel emission. Xiaohu Fan et al [2] studied two cottonseed oil biodiesel samples (cottonseed oil methyl esters, COME) KeywordsJatropa, emission, transesterification, alumina nano produced in Clemson lab[42-49], together with other two particles; commercial cottonseed oil biodiesels were evaluated on their engine performance with the No. 2 diesel fuel as a reference. I. INTRODUCTION The results revealed that emission of CO, CO2 and NOx from For past few decades growth of population is increasing cottonseed oil biodiesels was lower than that of the No. 2 drastically in urban areas which led to increase in automobile diesel fuel. CO decreased by 13.8%, CO2 by 11.1% and NOx usage. Hence fossil fuel consumption is increasingand by 10%, though there was no significantly statistical depleting. It is estimated that fossil fuel will last only for few difference at p<0.05. The engine test additionally decades. On the other hand[1-6], emissions from these fuel demonstrated a marginally higher measure of utilization and also causes discomfort for humanity and nature. These less propensity of coke development from COME than the No. problems can be minimized by replacing present fossil fuels 2 diesel fuel. The oxidative soundness examine indicated with fuel derived from biomass. Though there are several COME with worthy strength. COME displayed well-disposed biodiesel to replace[7-12], they are not of much use because of ecological advantages and satisfactory strength, exhibiting its poor combustion properties. achievability as an option fuel[50-56]. Fuels such as cotton seed oil, jojoba, jatropa seed oil, sunflower seed oil, karanja seed oil etc are found to be better M.S. Shehata et al[3] conducted experiment using jojoba and replacement. But still these fuels emissions are greater than sunflower oil. They also discussed the drawbacks of using diesel. With technical advancements many emission control biodiesel in engine. High viscosity, drying with time, techniques carried out to control emissions from fuels such as thickening in cold conditions, poor flow and atomization exhaust gas recirculation (EGR),Emulsion techniques(ET), characteristics are some of the drawbacks which has to be Three way catalytic converter(TWC), Low temperature considered while selecting oil. Hydrocarbon and Carbon combustion(LTC), Water injection (WI),Injection time monoxide were greater while Carbon dioxide and oxides of retardation(ITR),Simultaneous techniques(ST) [5,6,7] are Nitrogen were reduced. done to reduce emissions[13-16]. Hifjur Raheman etal[4] studied combustion and emission characteristics of jatropa biodiesel. Jatropa-water M. Singh et al[19-34] portrays eatable and non- emulsion fuel showed reduction in hydrocarbon, carbon eatable oils having high free unsaturated fat (FFA) couldn't be monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.on further changed over into biodiesel by monetarily accessible basic 10451 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue increasing water content decrease in ignition delay and NOx 5 Emission 11 Charge amplifier 17 Fuel pump emission also observed. analyser 6 Smoke meter 12 Piezo electric In present work Jatropa biodiesel is selected as test transducer oil. Raw Jatropa oil is converted into Jatropa biodiesel means of transesterification. Experiment was conducted in single Table 1. Engine specification cylinder diesel engine with electrical loading. Initially engine Type Kirloskar,Four stroke, air was run using diesel and baseline reading were obtained. Then cooled,single cylinder vertical DI neat Jatropa biodiesel (J100) was used to run engine and diesel engine readings were compared with diesel. It is found that Jatropa Rated power 4.4kW biodiesel(J100) has more emissions than diesel. Lemon oil Rated speed 1500 rpm which is obtained from peels of Indian lemon fruit has good Bore (D) 87.5 mm combustion properties is added with Jatropa biodiesel.100ml of Lemon peel oil (LPO) is added with 1litre of Jatropa Stroke (L) 110 mm biodiesel as an additive. Constant stirring is done to achieve homogeneity of blend. Experiment were done using this blend Compression ratio 17.5;1 and is found that addition of lemon peel oil resulted in reduction of emissions. Orifice diameter 13.6 mm Co efficient of discharge (Cd) 0.6 II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE C.V of fuel 42500Kj/kg Stationary diesel controlled Kirloskar motor (Model: TAF- Injection timing 23 deg. before TDC (static) 1 Make: Kirloskar) was utilized for experimentation. The Injection pressure 200 bar details of test motor are given in Table 1. The motor was coupled to swirl current dynamometer with electrical resistance Table 2. Comparison of properties of Jatropa biodiesel took after by a dynamometer controller. The groupings of with diesel fumes emissions (HC, CO2, CO, NOx and O2 ) were measured Properties Diesel J100 LPO J100 +LPO with the assistance of Five gas analyzer (Model: QRO-402 Make: QROTECH Co Ltd., Korea).Smoke was measured by a section stream smoke opacimeter (AVL 437 C). Density at 20OC (kg m-3) 840 869 903 866 A high exactness stream meter was introduced to gauge the Kinematic Viscosity at 40 1.8 4.51 1.23 5 fuel stream like clockwork. A piezoelectric transducer OC, cSt (Model:7063-A Make:Kistler)was introduced for checking Calorific Value (KJ/kg) 42500 36860 40820 36860 O chamber weight which is associated with charge enhancer Flash point in C 68 166 45 166 (Kistler instruments AG, Switzerland). The primary detail and Fire point in OC 75 202 58 202 determination of the estimation gadgets are given in Table 3. The schematic format of test establishment is appeared in Figure. 11 Table 3. Specification and accuracy of the measuring instruments S. Name of the Make Accuracy No measuring Range instrument 1. Pressure charge KISTLER 12 stage graded +3% amplifier instruments, Pc +10…5000 Switzerland 1:2:5 and stepless 1- <+0.5% 10 2. Piezo electric KISTLER sensitivity 7A transducer type7063-A Pc/bar 3. Exhaust gas QRO-402 CO 0-9.95% vol 0.01% analyzer HC 0-9999 ppm 1% CO2 0-20% vol 0.01% NOx 0 -5000ppm vol O2 0-25% vol 0.01% 4. Smoke meter AVL 437 C 0-100% +1% Figure 1. Experimental setup 1 Test engine 7 Electrical resistance 13 Air filter 2 Dynamometer 8 Dynamometer control 14 Air flow meter 3 Coupling 9 Storage amplifier 15 Fuel tank 4 Injector 10 Magnetic shift 16 Fuel flow meter encoder 10452 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION make combustion better for Jatropa. Hence J100+ LPO blend shows reduced hydrocarbon emission than J100. A. Carbon mono oxide C. Carbon dioxide Figure 2. Load vs Carbon mono oxide Figure 4. Load vs Carbon dioxide Figure 2. shows the variation of carbon monoxide Figure 4.shows the variation of CO vs load. Carbon emmision with load. Carbon monoxide is considered to be the 2 dioxide is one of the green house gas which is responsible for product of complete combustion aand is due to partial global warming. Stoichimetric fuel combustion zone is main oxidation. Jatropa biodiesl showing increased CO emission for reason for Carbon dioxide emission. Formation. It is one of no load condition. Additive blends (J100+LPO) showing the product of complete combustion. From the above graph reduced CO emission under no load condition. Under full load trend it is clear that J100+LPO blend showing reduced condition additive blends showing reduced emission close to emission.
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