Nuclear Energy for Water Desalting, a Bibliography. INSTITUTION Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tenn
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nrkA ramp 1112 ED 055 814 SE 012 110 AUTHOR Kuhns, Helen F., Comp.; And Others TITLE Nuclear Energy for Water Desalting, A Bibliography. INSTITUTION Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Div. Technical Information. PUB DATE May 67 NOTE 34p. AVAILABLE FROMClearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technic Information, National Bureau of Standards, Depar -nt of Commerce, Springfi ld, Virginia 22151 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 RC $3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies; *Energy; Literature Reviews; Natural Resources; *Nuclear Physics; Technological Advancement; *Water Resources IDENTIFIERS *Water Desalting ABSTRACT This bibliography includes 215 abstracts of publications on the use of nuclear energy in the production of potable water from saline or brackish-waters. The uses of nuclear reactors, radioisotopic heat sources, and nuclear explosives are covered in relation to the various desalination methods available. Literature through April 1967 has been searched for the present edition. References to the technical report literature are arranged by report number under the issuing organizations, and the journal references are arranged alphabetically by journal title. Author and report number-availability indexes are included. (Author/PR) LEGAL NOTICE The AEC reports listed in this document are accounts of Government ponsor ed work.Ncither the United States, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission; A. Makes any warranty or representation. expressed or implied, with respect tothe accu- racy, completeness. or usefulness of the information contained inthese reports, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed inthese reports may not in- fringe privately owned rights; or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any inlormation, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in these reports. As used In [hr.. above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any em- ployee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extentthat such employee or contractor of the COMMiSsion, Or employee of such contractor prepares. disseminates, or provides access to, any inlormation pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such contractor. "Printed in USA. Price $3.00. Available from the Clearing- house for Federal Scientific and Technical information, Na- tional Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Commerce, Springfiek:, Virginia 22151. Cover photo by Jan Hahn VlatC Divlik. Ride, TID-3584(Rev. 1) CHEMISTRY (71D-4500, 50th Ed.) NUCLEAR ENERCV FOR WATER OESALTIINO A BIBLIDORAPHY Compiled by Helen F. Kuhns Oak Ridge National Laboratory Henry D. Raleigh Myrna L. Steel Division of Technical Information Extension Oak Ridge, Tennessee May 1967 UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Division of Technical Information Extension CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iii INTRODUCTION REPORTS 1 JOURNALS 18 PATENTS 23 MISCELLANEOUS = 23 AUTHOR INDEX ... 27 REPORT NUMBER INDEX 29 ABSTRACT This bibliography includes 215 references to publications on the use of nuclear energy in the production of potable water from saline or brackish waters. The uses of nuclear reactors, radioisotopic heat sources, and nuclear explosives are covered in relation to the various possible desa- lination methods available. Author and report number-availability indexes are included. INTRODUCTION Throughout the world there are at present serious major emphasis of study to date has been on the shortages in the available fresh water supplies for development of large-scale nuclear reactors for use basic human consumption, for industrial use, and for in dual-purpose power-water or water-only plants. crop irrigation. The outlook for future fresh water The present edition of NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR needs indicates that critical shortages will develop WATER DESALTING: A BIBLIOGRAPHY brings up to in many areas of the world unless new methods of date the edition of September 1965 and its predeces- supply are found. One of the most promising methods sor, originally issued for the Water Research Pro- currently under investigation is the desalination of gram at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in July a and brackish waters. In this bibliography an 1964 (ORNL-TNI-892). Literature through April 1967 attempt has been made to cite the report and pub- has been searched for the present edition. lished Merature available on the use of nuclear References to the tecknical report literature are energy for saline water demineralization. Some work arranged by report number under the issuing orga- has been done on the use of radioisotopic heat sources nizations, and the journal references are arranged and the heat produced by a nuetear explosion, but the alphabetically by journal title. REFERENPES REPORTS Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Bethesda, Md., the aim of obtaining desalted water from the ocean at costs within the 30-4001000 gal, range while selling power at a Atomic Energy Div. normal price is attainable in the near future in those areas (ACNP-65558(Rev. 1)) SURVEY OF HIGH- havMg large demands for both products. Converted water TEMPERATURE DEMINERALIZATION FOR DUAL- at this cost will replace few natural sources of water but PURPOSE BWR PLANTS.Lang, Peter M. (Allis- will be acceptable for municipal and Lndustrial uses where Chalmers Mfg, Co., Atomic Energy Div., Bethesda, Md.). adequate natural sources do not exist. This cost of water August 1965.39p. is still too high for extensive agricultural use. The high The removal of solids from the high temperature con- present canital cos,': of water conversion plants is the main densate returned from the brine heaters to the reactor in barrier to lowering the cost of desalted water. The aggres- dual-purpose plants is examined in a study program on sive development of water-conversion equipment now taking means of cophig with brine-heater leakage. The results place should lead to future water costs significantly below are presented of a search of the unclassified literature on those estimated here. the application of commercially available ion-exchange 4 (ORNL-TM-1640)FLEXIBILITY OF A DUAL- materials to the demineralization of high-temperature PURPOSE PLANT TURBINE WITH LOWERED DESIGN water. Operational data are given from two installations EXHAUST PRESSURE.(Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Be- using ion-exchange demineralization under high-tempera- thesda, Md. Atomic Energy Div.).Jan. 1966.Contract ture conditions, and a survey is presented of specialty- W-7405-eng-26; Subcontract No. 2504.30p. (ACNP- type. leak-proof brine heaters and of systems fer detecting 66508).Dep. mn. CFSTI $3.00 cy, $0.65 mn. brine-heater leakage and for isolating leaking units. A For Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. preliminary conceptual design of a mixed-bed ion-exchange Work to determine the improvement in performance and unit is evolved for a dual-purpose boiling water reactor, its accompanying increase in cost for a single turbine- and an operating cost comparison is made with the com- generator unit rated at 500 MW when operating at 600 psig mercially available Powdex process. The operating cost throttle pressure and 35.4 psia normal exhaust pressure, of Powdex is estimated to be at least three times that of and having a design exhaust pressure of 20.0 psia is re- the unit used in the conceptual design. ported. In comparison with a previous 35.4 psia exhaust 2 (ACNP-65573)FLEXIBILITY STUDY Or pressure turbine design, the 20.0 psia unit has one addi- BACK-PRESSURE TURBINES FOR DUAL-PURPOSE tional stage in each half of the double flow machine, an PLANTS.(Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Bethesda, Md. increase in the bearing eenter-line diatance of 3 ft 0 in_ Atomic Energy Div.).Aug. 1965.Contract W-7405-eng- and considerably altered blade designs, particularly to- 26; Subcontract No. 2504.48p.Dep. mn; CFSTI $2.00 ward the exhaust end. The steam cycle was retained un- cy, $0.50 inn. changed from the previous study. Plots are presented For Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. giving the power output, the neat exhausted to the water Back-pressure turbine-generator units rated at 500 Mw plant, and the temperature of the feedwater returned to the and exhausting at 35.4 psia (260°F) were studied for turbine reactor system as a function of exhaust pressure from throttle pressures of 600 psig and 1000 psig. For both 35.4 pain down to 7.0 psia and of throttle flow from ap- throttle pressures, the turbine is a double flow, 1800 rpm, proximately 2596 of full flow up to full flow. Other plots straight reaction machine. The steam cycle for the 600 psig showing turbine expansion lines on Mother diagrams, tur- throttle pressure uses a single open feedwater heater, and bine heat rates, turbine exhaust enthalpies and flows, and the cycle for the 1000 psig pressure uses an open heater gland-sealing steam requirements are included. The extra plus a second closed heater. For eaeh throttle pressure, cost of this turbine-generator in comparison to the previ- plots are presented giving part-load and etre,.eh-load per- ously studied 35.1 psia design exhaust pressure unit is formance for throttle flows up to the design value and for given, as well as the additional cost for obtaining continu- exhaust pressures from 15 psin to,80 psia. These plots ous safe full-flow operation of this unit at an exhaust pres- show the electrical output, the heat exhausted to the water sure of 7.0 psia. Decreasing the design exhaust pressure plant, and the temperature of the feedwater returned to the of the turbine improves the flexibility of the turbine-gen- reactor. Other plots showing turbine expansion lines on erator plant without any reduction in performance at nor- Mollier diagrams, turbine heat rates, turbine exhaust en- mal operating conditions. thalpies and flows, and gland-sealing steam requirements are also included. For operation at either increased or de- creased exhaust pressure, certain turbine modifications American Machine and Foundry Co., are necessary, and the corresponding additional turbine sts were estimated.