A. P. BRUSH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, APPLICATION FLED NOW, 27, 196. 1,265,735, Patented May 14, 1918,

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SSNS Š NS - - - y 1 ar rt (&as or (7'06-4. // %-7. y 6... c.17e UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, ALANSON P. BRUSH, OF DETROIT, IMICHIGAN. INTERNAT-COINBUSTION ENGINE. 1,265,735. Specification of Letters Patent, Patented May 14, 1918. Application filed November 27, 1916. Serial No. 138,544. To all whom it may concern: has been selected because the application of Be it known that I, ALANSON P. BRUSH, a the present invention thereto is easy and the citizen of the United States, residing at De result is a thoroughly practical and efficient troit, in the county of Wayne and State of motor. It will be understood, however, that 60 Michigan, have invented a certain new and the new inventive idea, now to be referred to useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion and described is not restricted in its applica Engines, of which the following is a full, tion to engines having the specific construc clear and exact description. tion which is shown in the drawing and is This invention is an improvement in above described. 65 10 multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, Within the head plate, and extending and the object of the invention is to enable lengthwise thereof is a mixture distributing the engine to use low grade liquid fuel such passage, or, as it is commonly called, an in as is now available to the public, and obtain let manifold, 18, into which air and fuel may the maximum power output for the fuel con flow from a suitable carbureter 30 through 70 5 Sumed under different running conditions of an Opening 19 in the side of the head plate. the engine. The inlet passages 17 which directly dis The invention consists in the construction charge downward into the cylinders through and combination of parts shown in the draw the valve controlled inlet openings, are in ing and hereinafter described and pointed unrestricted communication with this in 75 20 Out definitely in the appended claims. let manifold 18, -being formed as short In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical branches thereof. Directly opposite the inlet transverse section of the tipper part of a opening 19 to this inlet manifold and within multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in the head plate is a thin metal plate 14 which Which the invention is embodied, the sec serves as a partition wall to separate the 80 25 tion extending through any one of the cyl manifold 18 from the middle exhaust gas inders, and extending also through the head passage 16, into which the hot exhaust gas plate, but in the plane indicated by line from the two middle cylinders discharges. A-B on Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sec This particular exhaust passage 16 dis tional plan view, of a part of the head plate charges its hot exhaust gases through a hole 85 30 of Said engine, the sectional plane being in in the side of the head plate into the exhaust dicated by the line C-D on Fig.1. manifold 28. The exhaust gas passages 16 The engine includes a plurality of cylin which receive the exhaust from the other ders 10, disposed in a row as indicated by cylinders also discharge into this same ex dotted lines in Fig. 1; and these are prefer haust manifold as is the common practice. 90 35 ably, though not necessarily, integral parts. This partition plate 14 is preferably an in of the same casting. The open upper ends of tegral part of the head plate casting, as all of the cylinders are closed by a single shown. It is evident that when the engine removable head plate 15, in which are inlet is running this partition plate will get to be and exhaust passages that communicate with very hot by reason of its direct contact with 95 40 the cylinders by means of valve controlled the hot exhaust gas from two cylinders. openings through the lower face of said The carbureter 30 may be and preferably head plate. One exhaust gas passage 16 and should be of the horizontal type; and may One inlet gas passage 17 communicates as be fastened to the head plate directly over stated with each cylinder; and these are sev the inlet 19 to said gas distributing passage 0) 45 erally controlled by inlet valves 20, and ex or manifold 18. It may be of any approved haust valves 21;-said valves being closed construction, such as includes a restricted by springs 22, and opened by rockers 23 air tube 31, and a nozzle 32 through which which engage the valve stems and are in turn the fuel will be drawn by the reduction of operated by tappet rods 24. These rockers pressure within the air tube due to the 05 50 may be pivoted to a cover plate 25 which is suction action of the engine. And, for removably fixed to the head plate, whereby reasons which will be hereinafter explained, it will cover and protect the mechanism in it is best that the fuel jet opening in the the open space between said head plate and nozzle from which the fuel is discharged cap. shall be located in a higher plane than To the extent above described the engine the plane in which the inlet manifold dis 55 is or may be of familiar construction, and charges into the cylinders-that is, shall 2: s --P be above the piane of the lower face c. neadhas plate.rate. Shoulds ld be- a notedted as isSC y that- na; Cheh diameterably larger of than the inletthe diameter manifold of isthe consider air tube s i;-8 wherefores the- veiocity3 of the air and fuel's stream in the inlet manifold will be less than of4. the manifold passages, since with in said air tube-which is a reason for d unyaporized fuel, however inely it may be nating the iniet manifold as a low yelic atomized, two difficulties are always present, inlet manifold, 5 an s in multiple cylinder engine operation. One J. During the operation of the engine the mixture of air and atomized but largely lin is the tendency of the particles of fuel to - condense upon the Wai is and accumulate at vaporized fuel formed in the carbureter. ny points of low aii. 7elocity producing the enters the manifold i8 Substantially at right, result commonly known as loading. This angles hereto, and directly toward the op loading with the ordinary type of updraft, 30 posite hot partition Wall which is located manifold occurs in its yorst form when the in he path of Said inrushing stream of air power output of the engine is reduced by and fuel Spray. The tendency of the In partially closing he throttie, and thereby 7aporized particles of fuel to continue their producing a relatively low velocity of the air through the intake manifold. If, or 35 cted, and especially When the velocity when, it is desired to increase the power he air stream is suddenly reduced, as output of an engine after it has operated 3 will be, is thus taken advantage of in io: some time at a reduced power output, gshat these unvaporized particles of fuel con inue heir direction of travel until a 7ery the...V. increase in air velocity in the ordinary 5 3. proportion. Of thern come into actual updraf, manifold picks up and carries into ci, Yith Said hot partition plate which- o the cylinders an oversupply of fuel with is directly in their line of travel, and there a resultant sluggishness and uncertainty of are instantly vaporized o engine performance. Ciry gas, which readily mixes y it is customary to overcorne of try to over ; -- R.L. -- .. - -- corne this defect by heating the air drawn 9 5 and goes yith it to the severalc cyln . into the carbureter SCso that the heated air is to be noted that, practically- o ail the heat;- inparted to the fue: and air mixture by will vaporize the fuelR. and prevent loading. this hot late is concentrated in the fuel It is, however, obvious that if the ingoing he mixture. aii is sufficiently heated to produce com iš is not unusual to have the gas distrib plete vaporization, the air will contain a using manifold in the removable head plate Very considerable amount of unnecessary of an internal combustion engine, but here. ineas not given up to the fuel, with the re tofore such gas manifold passages have Suit that the air will be so expanded by been of such small dimensions as that tier this excess heat that it will not enter the : C will be very little reduction in the velocit, cylinders at as great density as will be se of the air flowing through them after such cured with colder air, and this results in -- edited compression and consequently re

air leaves the carbureter. 'has long been understood by engineer duced power output.

Another endency toward defective op multiple cylinder engine burning a eration of high velocity manifolds as a gaseous fuel mixed with air may have neans for handling relatively low grade an intake manifold of as large size as may fuels in multiple cylinder engines is what for any reason be convenient or desirable; may be called the separator action; that is, Singe the fuel and the ingoing air mix yhenever the air stream changes direction easily and naturally, and have practically the tin Vaporized particles of fuel have a 5. no disposition to separate, or, to use the Strong tendency to follow the original air more common expression in this connection, course, therefore, if the raniola is not to segregate. With exceedingly volatile lic Orned with the utmost care, this results laid fuels which are easily convertible into in an unequal distribution of the fuel to is commonly called a dry gas, the 2 O 5 5 manifolding conditions are substantially th the various cylinders. Same as with a fixed gas. But with the A third objection to the high Velocity in use of fuels which can only be wholly va let manifold is also quite obvious. The parized either by long exposure to the air, relatively long passage required for dis yhich, obviously, the operation of an engine tributing fuel and air in the multiple cylin der engine has, through friction, a very con 3. 2 5 C does not perini, or by the application of siderable retarding action on the flow of the heat, the manifolding problem is compili gases which increases rapidly as the velocity ... S. increases. It is common practice With iiquid itleig available today for internal combus Attention is now called . 1------2: . {io: engines,r to male he intake manifoic that he so-called gas passage or manifold aga 1,265,735 3 within the head as shown in the drawing is It is also apparent that in this construc or may be large as it can be made within tion friction losses due to high velocity are Said head plate. It may be, and preferably reduced to a minimum, since high velocity is should be very much larger in diameter than required only through a very short passage the air tube of the carbureter. Therefore, and preferably an ity straight one there will be within this manifold a decided comprising the carbureter air tube and the 70 reduction in air velocity; in fact, the high inlet passage 19. This also adds to the velocity will be maintained only in the car possible maximum power output of the en bureter itself, and in the very short pas gine as against the usual highvelocity man Sage necessary to connect it with the low ifold which in multiple cylinder engines 75 velocity distributer passage or manifold. contains a number of bends. The air, which is flowing through the car The arrangement shown has another ad bureter air tube at a velocity so high that it vantage growing out of the fact that it is will cause the fuel to be atomized, will carry What may be termed a downdraft manifold, 5 in Suspension the atomized fuel particles in that the fuel is not lifted after the fuel 30 into the larger dimensioned manifold pas spray enters the air tube of the carbureter; Sage which is extended at right angles to but on the contrary, the fuel enters the the inrushing stream of air and fuel spray. cylinders at points below the carbureter noz There will be an immediate reduction of air zle discharge jet opening. This is partic yelocity, and an immediate necessary de ularly advantageous in starting a cold en 85 flection of the air stream, with the result gine, as the force of gravity aids to prevent that the unvaporized fuel particles will any loading, and to cause the fuel which is continue their direction of travel and will fed when starting to flow naturally and therefore impinge directly against the hot directly into some or all of the cylinders, 25 partition plate. They will absorb heat, whereby the least possible excess of fuel is 90 therefore, and will be immediately vapor used for starting purposes. The starting ized, forming a dry gas that will join and of a cold engine with present available fuels become thoroughly mixed with the low is possible without preheating because these velocity air stream which is flowing through fuels consist, not of one, but of many grades 30 the inlet manifold to the several cylinders. of hydrocarbons, some of which are easil 95 Attention is here called to the fact that vaporized at low temperatures; and a suf this hotplate 14 is of limited area and forms ficient excess of fuel is fed into a cylinder Only a small part of the walls of the inlet of a combustion engine so that some of the manifold, and that care has been taken to volatile portions of the fuel will produce an limit as much as possible the extension of explosive mixture, and starting is thus se OO the heat from this plate to other parts of cured. the wall of the inlet manifold. In the par Another advantage is that a minimum ticular construction shown this result is ac amount of running of the engine will heat complished by so constructing the water up the hot partitions and thus establish nor 40 circulating spaces that they substantially mal running conditions, 05 embrace all of the intake manifold except Having E. my invention, I claim: the said hot plate; wherefore all of the wall 1. In a multiple cylinder internal com of the manifold except this hot plate is kept bustion engine, the combination of an intake as cool as the circulating water can keep it. manifold which is in valve controlled com 45 It follows, therefore, that while the fuel munication with the several cylinders of the O will be heated enough to transform the fuel engine, means by which to heat a small por Spray into a dry gas, the air absorbs the tion only of the wall of said manifold, means minimum of heat possible and is therefore to substantially prevent the spread of heat expanded as little as possible. from said heated portion to other portions 50 Because of this small dimensioned hot of the wall of the said manifold, and means 15 plate, located as stated, and because of the to so direct the flow of the charge mixture care taken to keep all other parts of the wall in said manifold that the inertia of the rela of the inlet manifold as cool as possible, it is tively heavy unvaporized fuel content of evident that while the fuel is gasified prac said mixture will cause it to impinge against tically all the heat given off to the fuel and said heated portion of the wall of the intake 20 air mixture is concentrated in the fuel con manifold. tent of the mixture; and the desirable re 2. In a multi-cylinder internal combus sult is secured that the mixture of fuel and tion engine, the combination of a low ve air as a whole contains a close approxima locity inlet manifold which discharges 60 tion to the least amount of heat which will downward through valve controlled open 25 establish and maintain the conditions of a ings into the several cylinders of the engine, fixed gas mixture, with its absence of segre a carbureter whose air tube is horizontal gation, and maintenance of maximum dens and of smaller diameter than the inlet mani ity for the purpose of securing the maxi fold and is connected with and is disposed 65 mum compression and power output. at right angles to said inlet manifold, and 30

a hot, spread of heat from said plate to othergarts 3 O posite the juncture ceiveen it of the 7a oi saiciale; nanifold. . said air tube and in the path of the strea.In Y. In a multicylinder internal combustion of air and fuel spray whici is discharged engine, the combination. With an inlet rani by the air tube into the inlet manifold. fold 7hich is in waive controlled communi 3. In a multi-cylinder internal combus gation with the several cylinders, a carbu tion engine, the combination of a lov7 ye reter, an air tube which connects the car locity inlet manifold yhich discharges bureter with said inlet, manifold and is at downward into the several cylinders, a car substantially right angles thereto, a smail. bureter whose fuel dischargeiei opening is portion of the wall of said inlet manifold. above the plane in which said manifold dis directly opposite the point of iuncture of charges into the cylinders, and whose air She air tube thereof being exposed to the inlet, tube is of Smaller diameters than said hot exhaust, gases from one or more of the inlet, manifold-which air tube is connected cylinders, and the remaining parts of Said 5 with and discharges into saidiniet manifoid inlet mani: old being surrounded by Wate. 'at right angles here 0, and a Ola 8 jacketing spaces. - 7 5 within the inlet, imanifoid opposite said air 8. In a multicylinder internal combustion tube and in the path raof the stream of air engine, the combinatibination ofif a low yeccitywelccity . and fuel spray discharged from said a inlet manifold which discharges dc/In tube, and means to Coca large pair, Cit. "yardly through Yalve controlled ports into walls of said inlet manifold. She several cylinders, an exhaust gas gas 3 Sage into which one or more of the cylinders tion engine; the combination with a sub discharge-there being a metal plate cf tially horizontai iniet manifold. Whi Smail dimensions which serves as a 7a be charges downwardly into the several 3Ween said inlet manifold and gas passage diers through valve controlled openi: a carbureter having an air tube which is 3. thereto, a substantially horizontai air tu Smaller diameter than said inlet raani of Sinallier diameter than said manifold5. E. - and which discharges into the same as which discharges into said manifold at i point, directly opposite said metal piate point, about midway oetween its end 3. o and in a direction substantially at right an bureter connected with said air i. d gies thereto, a fuel jet nozzle which pro 3 a hot, piate Yithin said manifold across t s 9. jects into said air tube-which air tube is path of the stream of air and iuei sp. Straight, and horizontal between said nozzle high She air tube discharges into sa,2. d the point where the air tube discharges S 3. manifoiCiC, into the inlet manifold, and water jacketing k ... in a multi-cylinder internal combus spaces around said inlei, manifold to init tion engine, he combination of the head3. the heating of the walls thereof by conduc piate which contains a longitudinally 3. tion from said metal plate. tended inlet manifold that is in valve co 9. In a multiple cylinder internal combus 3.() toiled communication with the several cyl tion engine, the combination of an inlet inders, there being an iniet opening through nanifold which is in Waliye controlled con- 2. the side of said head piate communicating munication with the several cylinders of with Said inlet manifold, an exhaust, pas the engine, a carbureter, an air tube which Sage within said head plate which is sepa connects the carburetar with said inlet grani ; rated from the inle; manifold by a thin fold and is at Substantially right angles partition wall that is located opposite the thereto, -a, Small portion only of the wall C 5 inlet, opening to said inlet manifold, and of Said inlet maniéold directly opposite the water, jacketing spaces within said head point of juncture of the air tube therevith piate surrounding he inie manifold. being exposed to the hot exhaust gases from 6. In a multi-cylinder internal combus One or more of the cylinders, and means to tion engine, the combination of an inie; Substantially limit he spread of heat from al. i. manifold which is in 7aiye controlled corn said heated portion to other paris oi the munication with each of said cylinders, an wall of3 said- - intake- - - manifold.se exhaust passage into which as east one ci In estimony whereof, hereunto affix ray the cylinders discharges its exhaust gas, a signature in the presence of two Witnesses, plate of limited area which separates th: AT, AFSCN 9. BRUSH, 77inesses: . haus; passage from this inletiani: old tied in the to 3 its, ille l