I
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___ CC..'CCCC~------MOLLUSCS OF NORTH CAROLINA
A Check-list of Marine and Brackish Species · · with No~es on Geographic and Ecological Dis tr i bu ti on
Douglas Wolfe . CENTER FOR ESTUARINE AND MENHADEN RESEARCH U.S. Bureau of·Commercial Fisheries and Nancy Wolfe
Published jointly with the REGIONAL MA.RINE SCIENCE PROJECT Carteret County Public Schools
·Beaufort, N. C. 28516 September, 1970: 200 To Cynthy. Nicky, and Cathy ACKMOWLEDGMENT
The autho~s thank Will Hon, Director of the Carteret County Marine Science Progrn~. for suggesting that this list be compiled. for exped1t1ng its pr•paration through the vartous stages of pub11cattan, for making editorial suggestions, and for prepar1nn the illustrations. CONTENTS Paae fJ.vnbcr .... ~~ _,,."'-,..,.... ,._..,..._.... -...-
Pref a co 5 Introduction 6 Annotated Chock-1tst 9 Amph1neura 11 Gastropoda 11 Scaphopoda 29
Ceph:lopoda 42
Amphineura - Scaphopoda - Cephalopoda 44 Gastropoda 57
Ref erenct:s 67 PREFACE
The coastal waters of North Carolina harbor a very rich and diverse assemblage of mo11uscs. Amateur shell-collectors and.profess1ona1 malaco1ag1sts alike regard North Carolina as a producttve source of mator1al .for pleasure and study. Although we began ·collecting and studying Horth Carolina molluscs only in 1964, we have collac~ed about 300 species from the brackish rivers. sounds~ and beaches of the state and f~om the shallow ccnt1nenta1 shelf offshore. This listing of molluscs is corapiled from our own co11ec ttons and from published actounts of other 1nvesttgators.
The 11st 1s not complete; additional species lie unreported In various collections, and others remain to be discoveted especta11y in the deepef .water offshore Where tntensiv~ collecting effort has begun only recently. We believe, however,-that the ltst provides helpful information for collectors ·on the distribution and variety of molluscs to be found in North Carolin~ waters.
-5- INTRODUCTION
Coastal th Caro11na is characterized by its flatness. Here rivers and stredMs flaw sluggishly fta~ the continent into broad, extensivet ~nd shaliow estuar1ti• bay• and sauhds. Beyond the barrier islands. or oute~ bihk1~ the floor of the ocean slopas drad~ally to depths of 150 to 200 feet some 30 to 50 m1les from the·shore. Th1s broad expanse of relatively flat bottom. both inshore and offshore, consists principally of sand and shell sediments. but.the habitat 1s diversified by siltation near the mouths ·of rtvers) by occasional rock o~t croppings offshorei and by mnn's construction of jetties and pilings. A rich molluscan fa~na is supported in these various ha bi ta ts .. Cape Hatteras has long been desig~ated as the boundary between the warming 1nfl~ence of Gulf Stream waters and the coal northern currents wht~h flow southward along the coast of New Jersey and Virginia. This unique situation plays an impor tant role 1n determining molluscan d1strJbut1on3 and allows the molluscan fauna tn North Carolina to be c~tegorized ~nto three fairly distinct assemblages, ~ach with 1ts own geographical limits .. !n addi.tio.n, ,di.ff_erent molluscs live tri.different types of substrates and some are limited to waters of a characteristic salt tontenti or s~11n1ty. Knowing where a mollusc lives by no means assures the collector of a specimen, but h1s chances are much improved 1f he hunts within-the general geograph~cal range of the species! in or near waters of the proper salt content, and on the best available substrate suited to the adaptations of the species sought.
-6- A provfnce is a large Qeograph1c 'rea throughout wh1ch the compos1tton of 11v1ng organisms is about the same. The
boundaries of such areas are u~~a11y not obvious and do not represent strict limits an th~ distribution Df the organisms within. Oceanic circulation patterns and climate 1nteract, however~ to produce detectab1e.discontinuitfes in the distri bution of marine molluscs in th$.wo~ld oceatis. North Carolina is somewhat unusual tn that three distihct molluscan assem- blages occur along her coast. These assemblages represent the VIRGINIAN, CAROLINIAN, and CARIBBEAN provinces, whose approximate extents are shown in figure 1. Cape Hatteras might be con- s1dered the landmark between th& northern temperate molluscs (V1rg1n1an) and the more southern sub-tropical forms (Carolinian). The Caribbean fauna tn North Carolina are restricted to the offshore edges of the Gulf Stream south of Hatteras.
Not all species o~ molluscs conform to the distributional pattern of the three provinces. Cape Hatteras is not a strict range limit for all speciesl and varying degrees of overlap
occur between the provinces. Northern species like~- arenaria
a n d Mn 1 1u ~ e d u 1i s_ o c cu r s o u th of the ca pe d u r i n g wi n t er a n d
early spr1ng~ and other northern species have permanent ranges extending into south Carolina. Some southern spec1es occur
also in V1rgin1a. A few ~pec1es, like Nucula oroxima) occur all along the east coast and tnto the Caribbean; this range ts called TRANSATLANTIC. Although many species do not conform to the three provinces, collectors in North Carolina will benefit from knowing whether to expect a particular species north or south of Cape Hatteras~ along the coasts or whether the iV\OtLUSCAN PRDVJNCES
~ V1RG1NIAN . . CAR OLfNiAN
CAR.JBBEAN
Pamlico oaea~ sh s our.a and th "' "' nt ow.Virgin.la e •djacent . e.r . "( se.e .t.e"'t-~J "' • chara.cte.,.,...... Sf:J.CS. species occurs only in the Car1bbean Province offshore. (For further discuss1on of molluscan provinces, see references 5 and n ,, ) Si!J>J>tr.~~ Af.fin.JJie~. ·rhe coastal plaH1 of North Can::liina and the adjacent shallow ocean floor are composed mainly ot sand. Many molluscs! including most filter-feeding bivalves
and gastropod groups such as 011vidae and N1t1c1d1e 1 are well adapted to life in this type of bottom. ·In some locations, particularly in channels at the mowths of rivers, silt gathers~ forming a muddy sand bottom. Here the molluscs may be adapted to feed on the surface deposits of m1croorgan1sms and decaying organic matter. A great variety of North Carolina molluscs are found. however, not in sand or mud, but on a solid substrate. Hard substrates are relatively rare and include such habitats as rocks (mostly on jetties, but also on a few outcroppings along the continental shelf offshore), pilings. hard corals. and the Since certaH1
bivalve species burrow deeply 1nto rock, coral. or .shells~ supic1ous hol~~ should be checked carefully for molluscs. Shipworms {Tered1nidae) wtll be found deeply fmbedded in hole- ridd1ed wood, a·lcrng with species of Martes·la. Oth~r Pho1adidae burrow into peat, clay~ ar hard mud. Finally> many small species wtll be found crawling on seaweeds~ algae$ eelgrass, and other plants; and egg shells and f1am1ngo tongues (Ovul1dae) live exclusively on the soft sea fans or whip corals. Salinit~ Preference. The distribution of some molluscs
is restr1cted by the salinity tolerance of either the adult argan1sm or of some larval form. A few species are restr1cted
to lhe low salinity areas at the mouths of rivers o~ at the up- stream limits of the estuary, where the salt-marsh grass
§...2.!ftir'..L~.1ti11,rnilli.!:_i!_ 1~ absent. Mowever, most estuarine
molluscs are able, as 1s ~eartin~~ to tolerate wide ranges of Ocean1c organisms, on the other hand, are not sub- jected to saltn1ty fluctuations. and generally the range of variation th can tolerate is much narrower. Some predominantly
ocean-dwelling molluscs are found~ however~ in the sounds near inlets where the salinity may occas1anal1y drop to less than fullstrength sea-water (35 to 36 parts per thousand lilt content).
Other species occur on~y in tha ocean proper, although salinity may not be the dom1n1nt factor controlling the1r d1stribution
there. The salinity ranges used in the checklist are arbi~ trary disttnct1onss which are not intended to represent the actual salinity tolerance of any particular species but only to serve as a guide far locating different species.
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST
The taxonomic listing of spec1es follows the order of T1y1or and Sohl (2Cal for Gastropoda and that of Vokes (2Cb) for Bivalv1a. Literature referencess indicated by numbers, are listed tn the bibliography. Unreferenced 11sttngs have been collected or observed by the authors.
Explanation of symbols used in checklist: Province v Virginian c Caro1·iirian T Transa tl ant·i c G Caribbean {Gu'!f
-9~ Substrate S Sandi sand~shei1 M Mud~ mud-sand C C1ay, peat A Attached or crawling on shells& rocks, pilings, etc. R Burrowing 1n rocks, coral, shells W Burrowing in wood G On whip or fan coral . P On plants (algae, widgen-grass, eelgrass, etc.) 0 On other organisms (parasitic or commensal) .c F ree-sw1mm1ng;~ .. peiag1c-flt .:
1 Fresh to brackish {0··10 o/oo) 2 Estuatine (5-30 o/oc) 3 lower estuarine to oceantc (25-35 o/oo) 4 Oceanic (35-36 o/oo) a Intertida1
~10- \"'
[) i',1 V L U M rv1 Q ' i II c· C f\ I fl I ,, l! L L ., .;) t~ I ! I WV) 0:: w.J :::>U 1-·Z <(I.I..! 0:: cc. Lt.I w.J I ,..... !J,.. CLASS AMPHINEURA 1~~······----- ORDER CIH TON l DA Family lschnoch1ton1dae ! l I Chaetopleura apiculata Say 3-4 j 1 ~9 ,9a ,2·i I CLASS GASTROPODA SUBCLASS STREPTONEURA ORDER ARCHAEOGASTROPOOA Famtly Sc1ssurellidae
Scissurella crJspata Fleming 4
Scissurella proxima Dall Family Haliotidae
Haiiotls pourtalesi Dall Family fissurellidae
Emarginula phr1xoides Dall
RJmuJa frenula Dall
Diodora fluvJana Da11 Lucapina sutfusa Reeve t 1 5 rucapine11a llmatuld Reeve 4 I 1 Fam11y Trochidae ] Lisah~ala ottoi Ph11ippi 4
s~1aziella lamellosa Verrill I Smith I 1 I 1 , 1 s Salariella lacunella Dall !
-11- Hicrcgaza zotella Dall
Calliostoma baizdi Verrill & Smith
Calllostoma balrdi psyche Da11
Calltostoma euglyptum A. Adams
Callicscama jujubinum Gmelin
Calliostom4 jujubinum tampaense Conrad
CallJ..ostoma marionae Da11 · 1 g
-ca11.::osto1na pulchxum C.. B $ Adams 1 '15
Ca.l~Ii OS to.ma xoseo.:.um Dan 11 '1 s Calliostoma yuc9teaanum Dall I Tegul• fasciata Born 115 Family Turbinidae
Liotia bairdi Da11 h, 15 Arens gemma Tuomey I Holmes I11 Arene variabili& Dall I1 Turbo castaneus Gme11n h,.9l>9a,Hi ~ I's i' Homalopoma a1b1da Dall ll 5 ' Famny Skeneidae
Skenea planorb1s Fabric1us
F,:mily Net'it:d;Je
sc·<·.i~ •.,. '.·J.ni:a L1nna c ORtER MESOGASTROPOOA
Fam1i.J l1tto(1n1dae
-12- Llttorina irrorata Say Family Hydrob11dae Hydrobia minuta Totten
Hgdrobia tenuipas
Family Risscddae I Rissoi:na brof!-.r.nia.na Orhigny 4 C-G I; .9,21 Rissoiha ahesneli Mtchaud .1. 21 R1sso1na decuszata Mont~gu Family V1trtne11tdae
Vitrinella be~ui Fischer Vitrine1la bel1coidea C.B. Adams
Vitrinella multistriata Verrill
Vitrinella trilix Bush
Pseudomalaxis nobilis Verrill
cochl1olepis paras1ticus Stimpson
reinostoma bartschi Vanatta 9
Adeorbis supranitidus Wood Family Architectonictdae
Torinia bisulcata Orbigny
Architecton1aa krebsi Morch Architectonica nobilis Roding
Arahitectonice peracuta Dall
-13~ '.
Family Turr1tell1dae ,, 5 Turxitslla acxopora Dall c
Turritella sxoleta linne G \ 1 , 15 ! I 19 Turritella variegata Linne t vermicularia knorr1 Deshayes , l,9.9a,15~
Vermicularia spirata Pht11ppt G
Family Vermetidae Siliquaria angulllae March 15 Family Caed dae
Caecum carolin1anum Dall
Caecum cooperi S. Smith 4 Caecum flaridanum Stimpson 4 1 Caeaum pulchellum Sttmpson 11,9,21,24
Fami1y Modu1idae I u:; Modulus .modulus Linne l ' " ! L family Potam1rlidae 1 cer1thidea scalariform1s Say t l Family Cerithi1dae cerithium floridanum Morch 1,9,9a,21 i Bi tti um varium Pfeiffer 11,9@21 Bittium virginicum Henderson & Bartsch 1,9a Litiopa melanostoma Rang P* I1,9.9a family Cerith1opsidae
Cerith1ops1s gresn1 C.B. Adams 11~21 *{sargassum) Ce:ti tldopsis H.C. tea
Alaba
Triphora nigrocincta C.B. Adams family Epitoni1duc
Sthenorytis psrnobilis f1scHer I
Cil'sotrema. dall:f. Rehder
EpitoniuM angcilatum Say
Bpitonium apioulatum Oa11
Epitonium follac~icostum
Epjtonium humphreysi Kiener
Epi ton.i u.m J!reli:.'tii Morch
Sp1tonium multistriatum Say Couthouy
Ep1tonium rupicolum Kurtz Family Janth1n1dae
e.xigua
Jantl1.i.rrn
Janthina janthina Family Eu1 im1daci
Melanella conoidea Kurtz & Stimpson Malane1la subcarinata Orbigny Family Aporrha1dae
Aporrhais occidentalis Back Family Strombidae
Strombus a.le.tu& G.me 111'1 Fam11y Fossaridaa
Possarus elegans Verrtll I Sm1th Family Hippon1cidae
Cheilea equastris Linne
Hipponix 3Ubrufis subrufis Lamarck Family Capulidae Capulus incurvatus Gmelin Fam11y Calyptrae1dae
Calyptraea centralis Conrad
crucibu1um auricula Gmelin
Crucibulum striatum Say
Crepidula aculeata Gmelin
Crepidula convex• Say
Crepidula tornicata Linne
Crepidula plana Say Fam11y Xenophor1dae
Xenophora conchyliophor• Born Family Eratoidae
Brato maugeriae Gray
Trivia candldula Gasko1n
-16- Trivia malthian~ Schwengel I McGinty
Trivia psdicul~s Linne
Trivia antillarum Schilder Family Cypraeidae
Cyprasa cervus Linne
Cypraea spurca acicularis Gme11n
Cypraea zabra Linne
·-tam1. ..iy 0·vu ..11 "d ae Neosimnia aciculari• Lamarck
Necsimnia piragua Da11
Neosimnia uniplicata Sowerby
Cyphoma gibbosum L1nne
Cyphoroa mcgintyi Pi1sbry
Atla.nt~ peroni Lesueur I 1 Oxygyrus keraudreni Lesueur i1 Family Carinarf1dae I carinaria lamarck1 Peron I Lesueur h Family Naticidae I Polinices duplicatus Say !1 ,5,9t9a
Polinices immaculatus Totten 1
Polinices lacteus Gui1ding
Polinices uberinus Orbigr,y l i Sigatica carolinensis Dail 11, 24 Lunatia heros Say (11!9
~17- Lt.Iu l 0:::w wV') ::~z. :;)U :-,... iAl r ~-- ~:! .... et.: l ...::( w zwto::°'t-i u. LI.I w -I w ll- LI ~ ~ .... w Vl o. ...J ~
Lunatia pallida Broderip & Sowerby i
Lunatia trlseriata Say
Sinum maculatum Say 1 '5 ~ 9
Sinum perspectivum Say 1 ~5,9,9a
Narica canxena Linne 1,9a~15 Natica clausa Brodertp & Sowerby .1, Sa ( 1 , 5, 9: 9a. 2 4 Natica pusilla Say f Family Cassididae I I 1 sS,9,9a,26 Ph•lium granulatu• Born ' 9a,27 Cassis madagascariensis Lamarck I Cassis m•dagascariensis spinell• Clench 1.9,9a
Cypraecassis testioulus Linne 9.a,19 Family Cymatiidae Ii Cgmatium cynocephalum Lamarck I, I 1 Cymat1um gracile Reeve I . cymatium labios~m Wood '1 s i 'l Cymatium martinianum Orbigny I' 9aI Cymatium parthenopeum vonSalis I 11 5 Distorsio clathrata Lamarck l $ h t! Distorsio constricta magintyi Emerson & t ' a '* Puff er Distorsio mcg1ntyi Lamarck Family Bursidae 19 Bursa thomae Orbigny
Family 1onnidae I l1t91)9a xonna galea Linne Eudolium crosseanum Monterosato Family fictdae ii ,,(' Ficus communis Roding 1798 ORDER NEOGASTROPODA Family Muricidae Murex ariomus Clench & Farfante
Murex bequaerti Clench & Farfante
Mureg cabriti Bernard
Murex aellulosus Conrad
Jl-1urex florifer Re€ve
Murex fulvescens Sowerby Muxex hi.dalgoi Crosse Murex pomum Gmelin Pseudoneptunea rnultangula Ph11ippi
urosalp1nx cinerea Say Th•is haemastoma floridana Conrad
Aspella anceps Lamarck
Eupleura caudata Say Fam11y Magilidae 15 Coralliophila deburghiae lintoni Verrill & Smith Family Pyren1dae Iil,9,9a,13,15 Anachis avara Say I 21 Anachis avara avara Say
Anachis floridana Rehder
Anachis iontha Ravenel ·*(oysters) -19- Ana.chis obetsa. c ~ f~ ¢{ Adams
Ana.chis OI1Hl ta Ravenel
AtHliCtds s.tyana Rehder
Anachis transl1rat• Ravenel
Mitrella lunata Say
Mitrella raveneli Da11 Family Buccinidae
colus stimpsoni Morch
Colus pubescens Verrill
Colus pygmaea Gould
Antillopbos candei Orbigny
Colubraria lanceolata Menke
Cantharus multangulus Philippi
cantharus tinctus Conrad Family Me1ongenidae
Busycon canaliculatum Linne
Busycon caricum Grne11n
Busycon contrarium Conrad
Busycon perversum Linne Busycon spiratum Lamarck Fam11y Nassariidae Nassarius ambiguus Puiteney (albus Sayi
Nassarius ambiguus consensus Rauenel
Nassarius obsoletus Say
Nassarius trivittatus Say Nassarius vibex Say Fam11y fasciolar11dae
Fasciolaria hunteria Perry
Fasciol•ria tulip• Linne
Pleuroploca gigantea Kiener Famiiy Olividae
Oliva sayana Ravenel
Olivella floralia Duclos
Olivella mutica Say
Olivella nivaa Gmeltn
Olivella perplexa Olsson
Jaspidella jaspidea Gmel1n Family Vo1ut1dae
Scaphella junonia Shaw Family Cancellar1idae
cancellaria reticulata Linne
Cancellaria smithii Da11 fam11y Marg1nei1idae Marginella aureocincta Stearns
Marginella denticulata Conrad
Prunum amabile Redfield
Prunum apicinum Menke
Prunum bellum Conrad
Pzunum limatulum Conrad
Prunum virginianum Conrad
.. 21- !J~i I ~J.J fJ} < t..,;. l G--.: i.Ail 1-- :::tu .....>-Z 1.1.J .... z < I Bullata ovuliformis Orbigny I l sa family Mitridae Mitra str.yria Dali G A 4 . 15 Mitra swainsoni antillensis Dall A 4 Mitra barbadensis Gmelin G I A 4 15 Mitra hendersoni Rehder G A 4 15 Mitra nodulosa Gme11n C~G A 4 l Pusia histrio Reeve G A 4 15 Pusia albocincta C.B. Adams 4 19 family Turridae Gemmula periscelida Dali 4 Crassispira ebenia Oa11 4 crassispira ostrearum Stearns 4 Crassispira tampaensis Bartsch & Rehder 15 Polystira florencae Bartsch l15 Cerodril1ia perryae Bartsch & Rehder G S-A 4 11 5 1 Inodrillia aepynota Dall C A 4 Mange1ia atrostyla oan 24 Mangali• bartletti Dall .Ma.ngelia ce:rina Kurtz & Stimpson MangeJia filiformis Holmes Mangelia guarani Orb1gny -22- Mange1ia morra Dall l C~G I A 4 11 Mangelia oxia Bush C·G s-A 4 • 24 1 Mangelia plicosa C.B. Adams 1 I jg,21 I I Hangs11a corbicula Dall G ls-A .4 115 Rubellatoma eiata Dall c I s 4 124 Rub=llatoma rubella Kurtz & Stim~son (; s lti9,9ai;24 Glyphostoma elsae Bartsch A 15 Kurtziella limonitella Da11 1 ,9a.24 Gymnobel• blakeana Dall 1 Daphnella lymneiformis Kiener G S-A 19 Meostoma migrans Dall G 1s~A 15 Drillla cydi& Bartsch G A 15 Fen1mo£ea halidorema Schwenge1 119 Cgmatosyrinx pagodula pagodula Dall 19 Cythara cgmella Oa11 Brachycgthara hiconica C.B. Adams Ithycytha.:ra sp. 15 Family Conidae I I Conus flor.idanus Gabb 11 . 1 5 Conus f1oridanus floridensis Sowerby !1 conus granulatus Lihne i 5 Conus jaspideus GmP1in 9a conus sozani Bartsch , , l i 5 Conus stimpsoni Dall 115 conus stearnsi Conrad jL9a Family Tarebridae t I, s s is Terebr• concava Say I'• i a,~ Terebra dislocata Say C-GI s .. M 3 .. 4 Ii s:2a;, 9a. Terebra protexta Conrad C S 4 ' 1 , 9a SUBCLASS EUTHYNEURA . I ORDER ENTOMOTAENIATA I I Fam11y Pyramide11idae . I I Odostomia dianthophila wens & Wells c lo* 13-4 1· 21 ,2s Odosto.mia dux Dall & ear ts ch c 10 3-4 121t25 1 Odostomill impress a Say T~G1 0** 2a~311,9)9a,21 ~24 Odostomia. modes ta Stimpson c I 4 19,21,24 Odostonda seminuda. C.B. Adams T-C Ot* 2a-41~4~f~a.21, Odostomia tares Bush c l 4 25 I odostomia toyatani Henderson & Bartsch 9 I . s Odostomia t:rifida Totten I I Pyramidella crenulata Holmes I "9 J?yramidella fusca C.B. P.dams T I s 13-4 1 Tu:rboni lJa (Chemni tzia.) a equal is Say c I s t 4 !24 Turbo nil la (Pyrgiscus) areola.ta Verrill c\I s 14 [24 T11rbonilla cancellata Holmes I 9 1 ~"urbonil la caroliniana Holmes c I sl 4 9~24 Tui:bonilla (Pyrgiscus) elegantula Verri11 1 clI s 4 24 1 ' I 11 Q ti ?l ')~ Totten T-G StAl3~4, ,~_,,::ia~ ... 1~'-' .Tu.rboni.lla interrupta l1 Turbo:nilla (Pyrgiscus) mignalsi Bartsch C S 4 12f :l'ur bon i 11 a {Turbonilla) nivea Stimpson c s 4 I:~4 1 Turbonilla stricta Verrill v s ' 9 Peristichia toreta Dall I *worm; **oysters; l*scallop ~Jo.! 1· !.!) \.<') < <...> o:w ~ >-Z :>U < ,._Lt.I 1-Z 0:: - e::: c( UJ Li.I t-- Z LU a::: 0:: (J;I ~ -u.. l..IJUJ z l:Cl ....I w ..... l.L. Acteon cand~ns Rehder c-GI s{~.4!1 Acteon punctostrJatus C.B. Adams T-G S 3-4 1,9.24 Family Acteocinidae Acteocina candei Orb1gny 24 i Cylichna verrilli Dall G s 4 11 s Cylichna alba Brown v s 4 l, 9a Cylichna biaentata Orbigny C-G S 4 Cylichnella bident~ta Orbigny s 4 24 Family Ringicu11dae Ring~cula semistriata Orb1gny c... s s 4 1 Family Scaphandridae scaphander punctostriatus Mighe1s T-G S l Scaphander watsoni Dall I C f S f family Philinidae Philine quadrata S. Wood v s 4 Philine sa.gra Ortdgny s 4 1 Fa.mi1y Bu11idae Bulla occidentalis A. Adams s Family Atyidae ' Aty~ Cd1Lb~ea Orbigny . C-G Atys sandersoni Dall C-G Haminoea solitaria Say v i.W I~.!~ < IJ Q:;. w I- >% :;:,::)(..) cc .,_ i.,l.ol ..... z IX t-EIX <( W i- I z w Ci! o:: V'> .-u.. WW ca ...Jw.J t--1.i.. :.:> Pyrunculus caelatus Bush c s 4 1 Retusa canaliculata Say T-G S 3-4 Retusa obtusa Montagu v I s 4 Recusa sulcata Orbigny C-Gf S 4 ;- Rhizorus aspinosus Dall C-G 4 Rhizorus acutus Orbigny s 4 l Rhizorus bushi Dall s 4 l Rhizorus oxytatus Bush s 4 ORDER THECOSOMATA Family Spirate11idae Spiratella bulimoides Orbigny T-G F 4 1 Spiratella inflata Orbigny T-G F 4 1 Spiratella lesueuri Orb1gny 4 1 Spiratella trochiformis Orbigny 4 l Family Cavo1in1dae I Creseis acicula Rang 3~4 1 Creseis virgula Rang 4 Styliola subula Quay & Ga1mard 4 Hyalocylis str.iata Rang 4 Clio cuspidata Bose 4 Clio polita Pelseneer 4 Clio pyramidata Linne 4 Clio recurva Children 4 1 ca vol i na c;: ..~ :ibosa Rang 4 1 -26- Cavolina inflexa Lesueur cavolina longirostris Lesueur cavolina quadridentata Lesueur cavolina tridenta.ta Forskai F 4 1~9,15 cavol1na trispinosa Lesueur F 4 1 cavolina uncinat~ Rang F 4 1 cuvierina calumnalla Rang F £~ 1 Family Peracl1d1dae Peracle bi$pinosa Pe!seneer Peracle r~ticulata Orbigny C··G 4 1 ORDER BASOMMATOPHORA Family Siphonar11dae r Siphonar±a alternata Say G 4 Williamia krebsii Morch G I A 19 fam11y E11obiidae Melampus bidentatus Say t c I.. 2a .1 l'I ORDER SACOGLOSSA t Family Elys1idae I Elysia chlorotica Agassii .· Q "' family Sti1iger1dae Hermaea dendritica Alder & Hancock ORDER ANASPIOEA Family Ap1y$iidae Aplysia morio Verrill 21 i.·.J l t.;.l tf) a: u.J ::::;u >-- I' ._. :z: '"""LI.I-o:.~ c(l..LI 2. l.tJ 0::: ~ l.lJ l.;.J ~ Lk. ' ..JW t- i.I... <( 0::: ...... w (./) 0.., -.I~ i---t-·--"!----+------3-4 Aplysia w1llcoxi Heilprtn \ ORDER NOTASPIDEA family Umbracu1idae 19 Tylodina americana Dall Family Pleurobranchidae Pleurcbranchaea hedgpethi hamva Marcus 114 ORDER NUDIBRACHIA Family Chromodor1dtdae I Glossodoris morchl Bergh 11 9 [ 14,21 Chromodoris aila Marcus 1961 Family Polyceridaa Polycera chilluna Marcus 1961 polycera hum.mi r.. bbo tt Family Gon1odorid1dae Okenia. impexa Marcus 1957 Family Corambidae corambella baratariae Harry 1953 Family Tritoniidae c 3 Tritonia 1'1ellsi Marcus 1961 Family Scy11aeidae l G . P*~>r' 4 scyllaea pelagica Linne \ Family Cuthonidae 3 cratena kaoruae Marcus 1957 C-F\ F 1 ' I c I F 3 Catriona tin• Marcus ' . '*'*'(Sargassum) I w!u,il.I) )-·< I>Z (..,) !:.:>W~UJ c;:C ~ l.U l- :;:;: IX ,....Qi:: <1.u !-- Z LLI Ci!~ ;,n ..... u.. I.I.A ..i..I co .-tu.I ...... !!... .:;:l c:t Ql: - ...i v') .\/) 0.. -J x Family Favor1n1dae Dondice occidental1s Engel 1925 F 3 14, ;n Family Aeo1idiidae serghia coerulsscens Laur111ard 1930 C-G f 14, 21 Eaeolidia benteva Marcus 1958 14 Family Glauctdae i Glaucus marinus Dupont 1163 r. C-G ' 4 I 1 Incertae Sedis (Famny systematics uncerta1r'1 Doriopsilla leia Marcus 1961 C F 3 14i21 Doriopsilla pharpa. Marcus 1961 C F 3 14 ~21 Hiesea evelinae Marcus 1957 3 14 t 21 Ancula. evelinae Marcus 1961 c i= I 3 14,21 Finella. cerithioides Dall C-G s 4 24 Signatica semisuloaea Gray C-G s 4 24 I II CLASS SCAPHOPODA Famf1y Siphonodenta1iidae Cadulus carolinensis Bush II C t S 4 i I Cadulus quadridentatus Dall I C-G! s 4 I family Denta1i1dae I, I l I I ' Dentalium c~lamus Dall I c~.G 1 S 4 ! I Denralium eboreua Conrad l c ... G S Dentalium laqueatum Verrill · 1C-G S-M 4 -29- I < ' ~-...... 'I d. t I-~~'l.W ~8~- ~;:;; cc: I - c~ < i.1.1 !..I.I ;.-. Z' w Cl! 0:: (!) vi I ....,1,.1.. WW z tXl ' ....IW rl.l < ::;I Dentaliu~ sowerbyi Gutlding c .. G s f ~ I Denca11um texasianum Philippi c $ 4 Il SUBCLASS PALAEOTAXODONTA I ! I\ ORDER NUCULOIDEA I I ! Fam1iy Nucu1idae I \ Nuc~la crenulata A. Adams G t s I 4 ! i Nucula delphinodonta Mighels & Adams G I s I Nucula proxima Say C-T S-M I4 Family Nuculanidae I Nuculana acuta Conrad T-G S-M 4 Nuculana c~rpenter1 Dall 1 I~ N~culana messanensis Seguenza Ii Yold~a llmatula Say 15:9 Yola~a sapotill• Gould 1 '5 Yoldla ~hraciaefarmis Storer SUBCLASS CRYPTODDNTA ORDER SOLEMYOIDA I. Fam11y Solemy1dae Sol.em ya horeali s I5 I Solemya velum Say 11,9s9a SUBCLASS PTER!OMORHlA i ORDER ARCOlDEA -30- Fami 1y krcidae Arc~ imbrlcata Bruguiere Arca zebra Swainson Barbatia c~ndida Helbling Arcopsjs adamsi E.A. Smith Anadara brasillana Lamarck Anadara lienosa f lcrid~na Conrad Ii Anadara notabilis Roding Anad.a.r..a oval.is Bruguiere Anadara transversa Say Noatia ponderosa Say Family Giycymerididae Glgcymeris a.•ru:r i. can a De France Glyogmeris pec:t.i n~ ta Gme 1i n Glycymeri.s spect:.:r:·a.lis Ni.col 1952 Glyaymeris undata Lf nne family L1mopsidae Limops1s crlstata Je ff\"eys · PhUippi Li:nopsis sulcati::t Verri11 & Bush ORDER MVTILOIDA Family Myti1idae cranelle gl&ndula Totten -31- Arcuatula demlssa Dillwyn Modiolus modiolus Linne Gregariell• cozalliophaga Gmeltn Gregarialla opifex Say Braahidontes erustus Linne I! Braahidantes exustus citzinus Roding Brachidontes recurvus Rafine.sque Amygdalum papyria Conrad Mytilus edulis Linne Nusculus Zateralis Say Muscu1.tH3 nige:c Gray Botula fusaa Gme11n Lithophaga aristata Dtllwyn Lithophaga bisulcata Orbigny family P·inrddae Atzina rigida Solander Atrlna sarrata Sowerby Atrina seminuda Lamarck ORDER PTER1010A Family Pteriidae ti Pter1a colymbus Roding Pinctada radiatd Linne Family Pectinida~ Pecten chazalier Oautzenberg Pecten ravenell Dail Pecten ziczac Linne Chlamgs sentis Reeve Plaaopeoten magellanicus Gme11n Lyropeccan nodosus Linne Aequipeccen gibbus Linne Aequipecten gibbus gibbus Linne 4 9 Aequipeaten glyptus Verrill 1 Aequipecten irradians Lamarck Aequipeccen irxadians conaentriaus Say Aequipecten musaosus Wood Aequipeaten phrygius Dall Family Pltcatulidae Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck family Spondy1idae spondylus amaricanus Hermann family Anomiidae Anom1a aculeata Gmelin I L9a 1,9~9a~'l3, Anomia simplex Orbigny 21,24~2f: 1l Pododesmu.s rudis Broderip I Family Limidae Lim.a lima Linne Lim.a pallucida C .. B. Adams Lima scabra tenexa Sowerby Lima teneza Sowerby Limatula subauri~ulata Montagu ~33- Limea bxonniana Oa11 Family Ostreidae Ostrea equestris Say Ostr~a permollis Sowerby Crassostxea v1rgin1ca SUBCLASS HETERODONTA ORDER H!PPURITOIDA Chama cohgregata Conrad Chama macarophylla Gmel1n Pseudoebama radians Lamarck Bcbinochama cornuta Conrad ORDER VENEROIOA Anodontia alba Link Ancdontia philippiana Reeve Codaki• costata Orbig codakia orblculata Montagu D1varicella quadrisulcata Orbigny .iuc.t na il.miantus fJa n LUC'ina leucomya oa·n LucLna. bla..nda Dall Lucina multilinaata Tuomey I Holmes Lucina pennsylvanica Linne Lucina radians Conrad -34- \'. w I WV> ct: <.,.,: I r:r: 1..w t-- I ~"lz ! =~ ~' s--w . £': ""'&X. I -0': w !- zw ~ I/} ~u.• l.W L!.I IXl i -tW I!-· w.. :::> l ~oc ..... w V") t V\ a.. ...J 00: 4 11 . 9 4 1 ?h~cotdes nassula Cohrad s 4 I i Phacoidas pectinatus Gmeiin I l Family Unguliriidae C-G S·Af3·4 l1,9,9a;15,2 Dipl~donta pUnctata Say i .. .,, ·~ C ~ G S- .A. 3 ~ 4 : i ~ 9 a ~ "· i Diplodonta semiaspera Philippi I I Family Thyastr1dae I i Thyasira trisinuata Orbigny \r-G s 4 11,5 Family Ke11iidae i 21 Bornia longipes Stimpson l ' Mysella planulata Stimpson IT-G A-?13-4 Jl family Sporte1iidae ' I I ! Aligena elevata I Is-M, 2-3 I Family Card1tidae cazd1ta domingensis Orbigny c' s 3-4 1,15 '!s14 11,s,15 c !S-Ml3-4 I 1 ,9~9a,15 ven&r1cdtdid perplana Conrad C I S I 4 '1 ~9,9a ' Fann Iv Astart.1dae I 4 Ast~rt~ botedlis Schumather v s l; ... v ..:: 4 t 5 A&tart6 c~stanea Say I c s 4 ; 1 ' 15 Ast~rre riana Da11 l ! T s 4 ILI . 15 Astacr~ sub~quilatera ! ' ~35- Fa~tly C~assatellid~e crassine11a Junulata Contad E~crassatella speciosa A. Adams 1852 famiiy Cardiidae Cerastoderma pinnulatum Conrad Dinoc:ai·di um :-obustum Soi and er Laev1cardium laevig~cum Linne Laevicardium mortoni Conrad Laevicardium pictum Ravenel Laeviaardium sgbaxicicum Dall 1886 Micracardium peramabile Dall Papyridea soleni£ormis Brugu1ere xrachyca..rdl um egmont:i an um Shut t'i ewer th Trachyaardium mu~lcatum Linne Trigoniocardia media Linne Family Mactridae Labiosa lineata Say Labiosa plicatella Lamarck Hactra fragilis Gmeltn Mulinia lateralis Say Rang1a cuneata Gray Spisula solidissima Spisula solidissima similis Say -36·· . !.!...I I./} o.i:: t.w !I ::.;:; <..) I-;);';; ~ u.l "c,;; W!.u 1-l.I.. i-rt.U -' et.: Erv~l1e concentrica Gould Fami1y So1enidae Snsis dlractus Conrad 3 4 1 vvcl ~·~:1 -3 t - ' ~·1··11 1,9 ,9a Fam11y Donacidae l I Donax variabilis Say I c I s I 4 l,9,9a Farn11y T~11inidae I I I i Axccpagia fausta Pulteney 1799 I C-G s I 4 1 , 9 Macoma balthica Linne I V S-Nl 2a .. 3. l ,9a Maccma constricta Bruguiere G s ! 4 Isa Na coma .1..1mu.1.a1 - • Da11 c s l s-4 l1 ' . I I Nacorr:a phena.x Dall ~ SM>f<~f 2a-3 ! Na coma ten ta. Say !r-G S-M!3-4 ,1,9,9a I t I PhyLJod~ squamifera Deshayes tC1Sl4 I1 i I i l Quadtans lJ.ntea Conrad . c-GI s I 4 I'. .9.S• ~r. L ;;illa ca:rnai:ie Linne C-G 1 SI 4 1,9,9a Stcigilla mir•bilis Ph11tppt c-el s J 4 ! . Tellidoza cristata Recluz 1C-GI s I 4 Tel2ina aequistriata Say I I I l9 'lf11L£n.a ag.i Lis Stimpson v s 4- p,9,9.:; Te.llina al terna t:a Say c S 3a-411,9,9.:i 1 Te.J.lina. a.mer J: catUfl Dan I s I 4 12~- Tell.itia inter up ta t4ood lc-G S · 4 1,1~ I t Tellina iris Say jC-G S-Ml3-4 1,9~9n I I i 1.'..l ! l,!.l t,.r) ,_,~: ~ ~) ~ ~ I .?.. w;e ! ::::i ..:t: l ~-· z ~ l.~l (,.- {~ V"l z ~ < ::::I I~~ ~5 Ct!. Vl I vi o... _, o:: 1 5 Tellina listeri Roding ..J---.4.--J'4-tc.. G s I Te1Zi~a magna Spengler C-GI s 4 h ,9a f I $ I G I 4 i Tellina sybaritioa Dall I~\,,-t.J! ~ s 4 1·1 j I Tellrna texana Dall IT·G! s 4 I1 Te~lina vers1color Dekay IT-G s 4 I 1,9,9a I 1 Fami1y So1ecurtidae I Eclecuztus aumingianus Dunker I I· Solecurtus sanc~aamartbae Orb1gny lc~G! : I : , Ta;el~s divisus Spengler lr-s MI 2a-3 1,9,9a Tagelus plebeius Solander T-CiS·M12a·3.1,9,9•,21 Family Scrobicu1ar11dae Ab~a aequalis Say M 3.4 1 .9 sa 21 ie-eli II . ' ~ Abra 1~oica Dall l1T·GI MI 4 !1,9,9, Leiomya granulata Dall G ls-M 1 4 ·15 I Fam?ly SemeHdac I I Cuffiingia cellincides Conrad IT 1M-012 .. 3 l1,9,9a,21 I Semele bellastriata Conrad 3 4 jl ~S, 15 I 1~~~10 1 4~ ·1~9,9a : "I I. I• ~ , 5emele p~rpurascens Gmelin r·G! S;3-4 1,9a,15 Family Arcticidae 1 ArctiGa island1~a Linne I v Is -M 4 !1 Family Trapeziidae I ! Coral1iophaga ~oralliophaga Gme11n I R 4 I G .,33_ Famt1Y Dreissenidae congexia laucophaeata Conrad Fam,ly Corb1cu11dae Polymesoda carollniana Bose famlly Vent:H"tdae Antigona rugatina Hellprtn Ancigona strigillina Dall Gouldia cer1na C.8. Adams Tra~sennell~ stimpsani Da11 CdllJsta eucymaca Dall kaQzccallista maculata Linne Mac~ooallista nimbosa $Olander Pitar tulmi~aca Menke Dosinia discus Reeve oosinia elegans Conrad Cyclin~lla tenuis Gemm~ gemma purpurea Lea Chione cancellata Linne Ch~one grus Holmes Chione intapuxpurea Conrad Chian& latil1rata Conrad Chione pygmae• Lamarck Mercenaria campacbiensis Gmelin ~39- Mercenazia mercenaria Linne Heraenaria mercenaxia notata Say Family Pet~ico11dae Petzicola phcladiformis Lamarck Pet:r.:icola typica Jonas ORDER MYO!DA family Myidae Mya arenaria Linne Family Cobuih1ae Co.rbula b&rratti.ana C.B. Adams Corbula con.t.racta Say Coi:bula di et:zi.1na C.B. Adams C-GQ Corbula nasuta Say I I I! Cozbula awift1ana C.B. Adams 1r-Gj le-GI Notocorbula operculata Philippi l I I lc-G, Gastrochaena hlans Gmelin ! i ! G I Gastrochaena ovata Sowerby I I Family Hiatel11dae I I Pancpea bitzuncata Conrad I c I ~ ~ Hiate~la arctica Linne ! T-·G I H1atella striata Fleuriau I I Family Pho1ad1dae I I. T Barne~ truncata Say I I I I Cyrtopleura costata Linne \r-G! 1 I Jauannetia quillingi Turner 195b Nartasi• cuneitormls Say Hartesia smithi Tryon Martes1a striata Linne Pbola$ campechiensis Gme11n Fam1ly Tered1n1dae Bankia caiibbea Clench & Turner Bankia f1mbriaca Jeffries Bankia timbriatula Moll & Roch Teredo baztschi Clapp Terada navalis Linne SUBCLASS ANOMALODESMATA ORDER PHOLADOMYOIDA Fam1ly Pandor1dae Pandora azenosa Conrad Pandora bushiana Dall Pandora trilineata Say Family Periplomatidae Periploma leanum Conrad Fami1y lyonsiidae Lyonsia beana Orbigny Lyonsia hyalina Conrad ORDER SEPTIBRANCHOlDEA Family Poromytdae -41- Poxomya granulata Nyst Poromya rostrata Rehder Fam11y Verttcordi1dae Verticordia fischeriana Dall Verciccrdia ornata Orbigny Fam11y Cuspidariidae Cuspidarin glacialis Sars Cuspidaria granula~a Dall Cuspidaria rostrata Spengler Cardiomya aostellata Deshayes CLASS CEPHALOPODA SUBCLASS DIBRANCHIA ORDER DECAPODA Family Sp1ru11dae Splrul• spirula Linne Fami1y Sepioliclae Rossia tenera Verrill Family Lo11ginidae Lcligo pealei Lesueur Lolliguncula brevis B1ainv~11e Famtly Ommastrephidae Zllex 1llecebrosus Lesueur ORDER OCTOPODA Family Argonaut1dae Argcnauta argo Linne I w V> I < I ~ c.u I- I>~~ ,' ....::::> uz t. -43- A L P HA B E T l C A L I ND E X 0 F S P EC l E s, B y C L AS S E S AMPHINEURA, SCAPHOPODA, AND CEPHALOPODA 1 6 e t .. A • gona u a ar.go !·'1r- .n c Cadulus carolinensis Bush Cadulus quadridentatds Dall Chaetopleura apiculata Say bentalium ca1amus Oa11 Dentalium eboreum Conrad Dentalium l~qusatum Verrill Dencalium o=cidencale Stimpson Dentalium perlongum Da11 Dentalium sawerbyi Guilding Dentalium tsxasianum Philipp1 Illex illecebrosus Lesueur Lallgo pealej Lesueur Lolllguncula brevis Blainville octopus briareus Robson octopus vulgaris Lamarck Verd 1 'I Spirula. r;pi:ruJ.a Linne GASTROPODA Acteocina candei Orbigny Acte~n candens Rehder Acteon punctostriatus C.B. Adams Adeorbis supranitidus Wood -45~ Alaba adamsi Dall Amaea retifera Dall Anachis avara Say Anachis avara avara S~y Anachis floridana Anachis iontha R~venel Anachis obesa C.B~ Adams Anachis ornata Anachis zagana Rehder Anachis tra~slirata Ravenel Anculs evelinae Marcus 1961 Antillophos candsi Orb1gny Aplysia morio Verrill Aplysle w1llcoxi Heilprin Aporrhais occldentalis Beck Architecto~ica krebsi Morch Architecconica nobilis Roding Architectonica peracuta Dall Arene gem~a Tuo~ey & Holmes Arene uariabilis Da11 Aspella ance2s Lamarck Aseraea phoebia Roding Atlanta peroni Lesueur Arys carib~e~ Orb1gny Atys sandersoni Dull Baeolidia bentava Marcus 1958 Balcis inteEmedia Cantraine Berghia coer~lescens Laurillard 1930 Bittium uari~m Pfe1ffer Bitt~um vixginicum Henderson I Bartsch Brachycythara bico~ica C.B. Adams Bulla occidentalis A. Adams Bullata ovuliformls Orbianu~ J Bursa thomae Orbigny Busycon canaliculatum L1nhe Busycon caricum Gme11n Busycon ccntrarium Conrad susycon perversum Linne susycon spiratum Lamarck Caecum carolinianum Dall Caecum cooperi S. Smith Caecum floridanum Stimpson caecum pulchelluro Stimpson calliostQma bairdi Verrill & Smith Callioscoma bairdi psyche Dall Calliostom6 euglyptum A. Adam~ Calliostoma jujubinum Gmelin calllostcma jujubinum tampaense Conrad calliostoma mar~onae Dall Calllostoma pulchrum C.B. Adams Call~ostoma roseolum Dall Calliostom~ yucetecanum Da1l Calyptraea centzaJis Conrad cancellaria reti=ulaca Linne cancellaria smithii Dall -; ·-· -47·- Cantbarus multangulus Phi11ppi Cantharus tinctus Conrad Capulus incurvdcus Gmelin carinaria Jamarcki Peron & Lesueur Cassis madagascariensls Lamarck Cassis madagascariansis spinella Clench Catriona tin~ Marcus cavolina gibbosa Rang cavolin• inflexa Lesueur cavolina longirostrls Lesueur cavolina quadridentata Lesueur cavolin• trldentat• Forskal cavolina trispinosa Lesueur Cavolina uncinata Rang Cerithidea scalaritormis Say cez i t:hiopsis greeni C. B .. Adams cecithiogsis subulata Montagu Cerithium £loridanum Morch Cexodri1lia perryae Bartsch & Rehder cheilea equestris Linne Chromodoris aila Marcus 1961 Cirso~revQ dalli Rehder Clio cusp!data Bose Clio polita Pe1senner Clio pyramidata Linne Clio rec~rva Children cochliclepis parasiticus Stimpson -4E- Cochliolepis striata Stimpson Colubraria lanceolata Menke Colus stimpsoni Morch Colus pubescens Verr111 Colus pggmaea Gould Conus floridanus Gabb Conus flozidanus tloridensis Sowerby Conus granulatus L1nna conus sozoni Bartsch Conus stimpsonl Dall Conus stearnsi Con~ad Cozalliophila deburghiae lintoni Verrill a Smith Corambella baratariae Harry 1953 crassispira ebenia Dall crassispiza ostrear~m Stearns Crassispira tampaensis Bartsch & Rehder cratena kaozuae Marcus 1957 crepidula aculeata Gme1in crepidula convex~ Say Crepidula fornicata Linne Crepid~la plana Say Creseis acicula Rang creseis v1rgula Rang crucibulum auricula Gmelin crucibalum stri2tum Say cuvierina columnella Rang ,I ,i ' Cylichna alba Brown cylichna bidentata Orbigny Cylichna verrillii Dall Cylichnella bidentata Orbigny Cymatium cynocephalum Lamarck Cyma~lum gracile Reeve Cymatium.labiosum Wood. CymatJum cartinianum Orbigny cymatlum parthenopeum van Salis Cgmatosyxinx pagodula pagodu1• Da11 Qyphoma gibbosum Linne Cyphoma mcgintyi Ptlsbry Cypraea cervus. Linne Cypraea spurca aoiculazis Gmelin Cypraea zebra Linne Cgpraecassis testiculus Linne Cythara cymella. Daii Daphnella lymneltormis Kiener Dicdora ca~enesis Lamarck Diodora tluviana Dall Distozsio clathrata Lamarck Distorsio constricta mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer 1953 Dis~oisio mcgintyi Lamarck Dandies oacidentali~. (Engel 1925) Doricpsilla leia Marcus 1961 D~ricpsi11a pharpa Marcus 1961 Dzillia cydia Bartsch Elysia chlo&otlca Agassiz -50- Emarginula phrixoides Da11 Eplconium angulatum Say Bpiton1um apiculatum (Dall) Epitonium foliaceicostum Orbigny Epitonium humpbregsi Kiener Epitonium krebsii Morch Bpitcnium multistriatum (Say) Epitonium novangliae Cauthouy Epitonium rupicalum Kurtz Exato mauge~iae Gray Eudolium crosseanum Monterosato Eupleura caudata Say F•sclolaria huntexia Perry Fasciolaria tulip~ Linne F~riimorea halidorema Schwengel " Ficus communis R~drng Finella cerithioides Dall Fossarus elegans Verrill & Smith Gemmula periscelida Dall Gibberulina ovulifcrmis Orbigny Glaucus marinus Dupont 1753 Glossodorls morchi Bergh Glyphostoma elsae Bartsch Gymnobela blakeana Dall Baliotis pourtalesi Dall Rermaea dendzitiaa Alder & Hancock H1pponix subrufis subrufis Lamarck -51~ H~malcpoma alb1da Dall Hyalina avena Valenciennes Hyalina avenacea Deshayes Hyalocylis striat~ Rang Sydrobia minuta Totten Rydrobia tenuipes rnodrill~a aepynota Dall Ithycythara sp. Janthina exigua Lamarck JanthJna globosa Swainson Janth~na janthina Linne Jaspidella jaspidea GmeJi~ Kuitziella limonitella Dall L~otla bairdi Dall Lischke1a octoi Philippi Lit1opa melanostoma Rang Littorin• izroxata Say Lucapina suffusa Reeve Lucapinella limatula Reeve Lunatia heros Say Lunatia pallida Broder1p & Sowerby Lunatia trlseriata Say Maagelia atrcstyla Oa11 Mangelia bartletti Dall NangelSa cerina Kurtz & Stimpson Mangelia corbicula Da11 Mangelia f~litormis Holmes Mangelia guarani Orb1gny Mangelia morra Da1i Ma~g&lia cxia Bush Mangel~a plicosa C.B. Adams Marginella aareocincta Stearns Marglnella denticulata Conrad H~lampus bidentatus Say Melanalla conoidea ~urtz & Stimpson Melanella subcarinata Orb1gny Meostoma mlgrans Dall Microgaza rotella Dall Mfesea evelinae Marcus 1957 MltEa barbadensis Gmelin Mitra h~ndezsoni Rehder Micxa nodulosa Gmelin Mitra stayxia Dall Mitra swainsoni antillensis Dall Mitzella lunate Say Mitzella za1eneli Dall Modulus modulus Linne Murex arlcmus Clench & Fa~tante Hurex bequaerti Clench & Fa~fante Murex ~abriti Bernard Huz&x cellulosus Conrad Muzax tlczifer Reeve Muzex tu:vescens Sowerby Murer hldalgoi Crosse -53- Nurex pomum Gmelin 1 Nassarius ambiquUS_ P••"'I trih~,yvii<;; . .t:.·•l~!.> S•v)<>.1 Nassaxius ambig~us consensus Ravenel Nassarius obsoletus Say Nassarius trlvittatus S~Y Nassarius vibex Say Natica canrena Linne Natica clausa Broderip & Sowerby Natica pusilla Say Neosimnia aciaularis Lamarck Necsimnia pizagua Dall Neosimnia un1plicata Sowerby Neritina v2rglnea Linne Niso interrupts Sowerby odostomia dianthophila Wells & Wells odostom1a dux Dall & Bartsch Odcstomia impressa Say Odostom.i<1 mode· :J Stimpson. Odostomia seminuda C.B. Adams Odostomia teres Bush Odostomia toyatani Henderson & Bartsch Odostomia triiida Totten Okenia impexa Marcus 1957 Oliva sayana Ravenel Olivella tloralia Duclos Olivella mucica Say Olivella nivea Gmelin Olivella perplexa 015sOn oxygyrus keraudreni Lesueur '·,1 I ~54- Pe~acle bispinosa Pelseneer Peracla reticulata Orbigny Periseichi& toreta Dall Phalium granulntum Born Philine quadza~a S. Wood Pleurobr•nchaes hcdgperhi hamva Marcus 1955 Pleuroploca glgantea K1ener Poliniqea duplia2tus Say Polinices imm~culatus Totten Polinices lacteus Gu11d1nq... Polinices uberinus Orbigny Polycera chilluna Marcus 1961 Polycera hammL Abbott Polyscira florencae Bartsch Prunum amab11e R~dfield P.cunum apicinum Nenke pzunum be1lum Conrad Prun~m limatulum Conrad ' . ~ VJ.IS1Jl1-Z:;.,1!JU.i!.l Pseudoaalazis nobilis Verrill Pseudo~eptunea multangula Philippi Fusia albocia~ta C.B. Adams ?usid h2strio Reeve PyLamidella crsnulat~ Holmes Pyramidella fusca C.B. Adams Pyzunculus cael~tus Retusa canaliculata Rstusa obtusa Montagu Recusa sulcata Orbigny Rhiz~zus aspinosus Dall Rhizcrus acutus Orb1gny Rhizor~s bUsh1 Dali Rhiaorus oxgtatus Bush Rimula trenula Dal Ringiculd semistriata Orbigny Rissci~a browniana Orb~gny R~sso~na chesneli Michaud Rissoina dacussata Montagu Rube~laccma elata Dall Rubellatoma rubella Kurtz & Stimpson Scala retifsra Dall scaphander punctostridtus M~ghels Scaphander watsoni Dall scaphella junon~a Shaw Scissurella azispata Fleming Scyllaea pelagic~ L1nne Se1la adams1 H.C. Lea Sinum rraaulatum Say Sinum perspectivum Siphcnaria alternata Say Skenea planoxbis Fabr~cius Solarielia lacunella Dall Solarzella lamellosa Verr111 & SMith spiiaca11a inflata Orbigny Spiratella lesueuxi Orbigny Splratslla troahifokmis Orbtgny sttenorytls pernobilis Ftscher & Bernardi Stcombus alatus Gmelin StyJ.iola. eu.bul.a Quoy & Gairnatd Teinoscoma bartschi Vanatta Teinostoma tloridana Dall Terebra ccncava Say Terebra dlslocata Say Terebra protbxta Conrad Thais haemastoma fioLidana Conrad Tanna galea t1nne Tcrinia bisulcaca Orb1gny Tr!phor~ n1groc~ncta c.B. Adams TI.l t;Ol'.l.l<'t Tt.tellsi Marcus 1961 Trivia antillarum Schilder Trivia candidula Gaskoin rx1via malchiana Schwengel & McGlnty Trivia pediculus Linne Turbo ca.stan.ii..;s Gme1ir. Turbonilla (Chemnitz1a} aaqualzs Say Tuzbo~ill• {Pyrgiscus) areolata Verrill Turbonilla caLcellata Holmes rurbonilla carcllniana Holme& rurbonil1a tPvrgiscus) elegantula Verrtll Turbonilla interrupt• Totten Turboni1l• (Py1giscus) mighelsi Bartsch TutbonJlla (Turbonilla) nivea St~mpson Tuzbobilla stzicta Verr111 Turzitella acropoxa Dall Turritalla ezoleca L1nne Turritella variegata Linne Tglodina amezicana Dall urcsalpinx cinerea Say varmiculeria knorzi Deshav:s Vexmicularia spirata Philippi Vitrinella beau! Fischer V1trinel1a helicoidea C.B. Adams Vitrinella multistriata Verrill Vitrinella tri11x Bush Williami~ kzebsii Morch xenophoxa conchyliophcra .Born BIVALVIA Abra aequa.lls Say Abra 1101ce Dall Aequipecten g1bbus Linne Aequipecten gibbus gibbus Linne Aequipecten g1yptus Verrill Aequipecten izradzans Lamarck -58- Aequipecten irradians concentzicus Say Aequipecten muscosus Wood Aequipecten phrygius Dall ill1gen.:.i E:'let•ata Amygdalum papyria Conrad Anadaza bzas1liana Lamarck Anadara lienosa tloridana Conrad Anadara notabilis Roding Anadara ovalis Brugu1ere Anadontia alba link Anodontia philippiana Reeve Anemia acu1Rata Grnelin Anomia simplex Orbtgny Antigona rugatine Heilprtn Antigcna stxigillina Dall Arca lmbricata Bruguiere Arcopagia fausta Pulteney 1799 Arcopsis ada~si E.A. Smith Arcticd islandicn Linne Azcuatula demissa Dillwyn Astarte borealis Schumacher Astazta c~sranea Say Astarte nana Dall Astaxte subea~ilatera Sowe~by Astarte undata Gould Atri~a rigida Solander Atrina ser~ata Sowerby Atrica seminud& Lamarck Bankia caribbea Clench & Ttirner Ban&ia tlmbriata Jeffries Bankia f~mbriatula Mo11 & Roch BaLkia gouldi Bartsch Barbatia candida Helbling Bazba:ia domingensis Lamartk Barnea truncata Say Bozni• longipes Stimpson Botula fusca Gmelin Bzachidantes exustus Linne u B:achidontes exustus citrinus Roding Bxachidantes recurvus Raf1nesque Callista sucymata Dall CardicmJa costsllata Deshayes Cardita domingensis Orbigny Caryccorbula contracca Conrad Cerastcd~cma pinnulatum Conrad Chama congregata Conrad Chama macerophylla Gme11n Chicne c~ncellata L1nne Chlone gius Ho1mes Chione intapuzpurea Conrad Chione latilirata Conrad Ch1~ns pggmaea Lamarck Chlamys sen~Js Reeve -60- Codakia orhic~lata Montagu Conge..r i a lf:UCC>phaea t:a COri rad Ccralliophaga ~oralliophaga Gmelin Ccrbula barrattiana c.B. Adams corbula contracta Say corbula d~etziana C.B. Adams Corbula nasuta Say corbula swiftiana C.B. Adams Czassinella lu~ulata Conrad crassosc:ea vizginiaa Gmel~n czenella glandula Totten cumingia tellinoides Conrad cuspidazia glacialis Sars Cusp!darta granuldta Dall cuspid~xia zostrata Spengler cyalinella tenuis Recluz c~xtopleur~ coscata Linne DLnocazdium rcbustvm Solander Diplodontd punctata Say Diplodcnta semiaspera Phi11ppi Divax~c~!la quadrisulcata Orbigny Donax vaziabilis Say Dosinia discus Reeve Dosznia elegans Conrad Echinochama cornuta Ccn~ad Ensis directus Conrad Ervilia =oncencrica Gould -61- Bucrassatslla apeoiosa A. Adams 1852 Gastroahaena h1ans Gastroabasna avata Gemma gemma Totten Gemma gemma purpur•a Lea Glycgmerls peotinata 6me11n Glyagmeris sp~otralis Ntco1 1952 Gouldia cerina C.B. Adams Gregariella opifax ~ay Hiatella striata Fleurtau Jouannetia quillingi Turner 1955 Labiosa lineata Say Labiosa plioatella Lamarck Laeviaardium laevigatum Linne Lasvicardium mortoni Conrad Laevicardium p1otum Ravenel Laevicardium syhariticum Dall 1886 Leiomya granulata Da11 .r.ima lima Lima pelluc~da C.B. Adams Lima scabra t9nara Sowerby Lima tenara Sowerby Limatula subauri~ul~ta Montagu •.i ). -62~ Lime• bronnian• Dall Limops1s cristata Jeffreys Limapsis m1nuta Ph111ppi L:l.mogs.i.s srnlc;..~ta Verrn 1 & Bush Li tJ:wphe.g;JJ. ~:r:J.stata Di 1 lwyn Lithophaga bJsulaata Orb1gny Lucina blanda Dall Lucina lsucomya Dall Lucina maltilineat& Tuomey I Holmes Luo1na pennsylvaniba Linne Lucina radians Conrad Lyonsia beana Orbigny Lyonsi• hyalins Conrad Lgropeoten nodosus Linne Macoma balthica Linne Macom• aonstriata Bruguiere Ma come\ li:mula Dail Ma.coma phenax rian Ma coma tent a Sa.y Macrocallista maculata Linne Macroc~11ista nimbosa Selander Mactra £ragilis Gme1in Martesia cuneiformis ~ay Martesla smith! Tryon Maztesia striate Linne Mercenaria campsch1ensls Gmelin -63- Mercenaria merasnari~ Linne Msraenaria mmrcanaria notata Say diaroc~rdium peramab1le Dail Modiolus amerlcanus Leath Modiolue Eadiolus Linne Modiolus opifax Say Mu11nia latsralia Say Nusculus Jateralis Say Musculus n1ger Gray Mya arsn~ri~ Linne Mysslla plilnUl&ta Stimpson Mvtilus edulie Linne Noet1a pondsrosa Say Notocorbula ope~culata Philippi Nucula crenulata A. Adams Nuoule delphinodonta M1ghels I Adams Nucula proxima 3ay Nuculane carpenteri Dall Nuculana mes~anensis Sequenza Ostre• equestris Say Ost:ea permo1li5 Sowerby Pandora ar9nosa Conrad Pandora bushlana Dall Pandora trilineatn Say PaDope hitruncata Conrad Papyridea s~Jentfcrmis Brugui~re Peaten ahaz&lier Dautzenberg Pecten ravoneli Dall Pecten ziazac L1hne Periploma leanum Conrad Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck Petricola typiua Jonas Phaaoidss ±ilosus Stimpson Pbacoidos tinatus Gmelin Phylloda squ&mifera Deshayes Pinctada radiatn Linne Pitar fulminata Menke Fit~r morrhuan~ Linsley PlacopeaCen magellanicus Gmelin Plicatula yibbosa Lamarck Pododasmus rudis Oroder1p PolymesoJa ~5roliniana Bose Poromya gr~nulata Myst Poromy• rostrata Rehder Pseudochama r3d1ans Lamarck Pteria colymbus Roding Quadrans lintea Conrad Rangia cuneata Gray Rupellaria typiaa Jonas Samela bellestriete Conrad Semale profiaua Pulteney Ssmele purpursscens 6me1in Solacurtus cumingianus Dunker Solecurtus sanctaemarthas Orbigny Solemya borealis solamga velum Say Solen viridis Say Spisula solidissim~ Dillwyn Spisula solldissima similis Say Spondglus americanus Hermann Strigilla aarna~ia Linne Strigilla mirabilia Pht11ppi Tagelus dlvisus Spa ler Tagelus plebelus Solander Tellidora criatata Recluz Tellin5 aequistri~ta Say Tellina agills Stimpson Tellina alternata Say Tellina amerzcana Dall Tellina interupta Wood Tel1ina iris Say Tellina list~rt Roding Tellina magna Spengler Te111na punicea Born Tellina sgbaritica Dall Tellina texana Dall Tellina versicolor Dekay Teredo baztschi Clapp -66- Teredo navalis Linne Thyaslra trisinuata Orblgny Trachyaardiurn egmontianum Shuttleworth Trachycardium muricatum Linne Transennella stimpscni Dall Trigonioaardia media Linne Varicorbula operaulata Philippi 1848 Vener1aardia perplan• Conrad Venerioardis Cridentata Slj Vsrticordia fi5aheziana Dall Verticordia ornat~ Orb1gny Yoldia lim~tula Say Yoldia sapotilla Gould Yoldia thraciaeformis Storer ,------ BIBLIOGRAPHY ON NORTH CAROLINA MARINE MOLLUSCS New York, 541 p. 2. 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