DOCSLIB.ORG

Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY PLAN Fiscal Years 2015-2021 INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COMMITEE ON OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH (ICCOPR) September 2015 Final Oil Pollution Research & Technology Plan – Approved September 29, 2015 DISCLAIMER This Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan (OPRTP) presents the collective opinion of the 15 departments and agencies that constitute the members of Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research (ICCOPR), regarding the status and current focus of the federal oil pollution research, development, and demonstration program (established pursuant to section 7001(c) of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2761(c))). The statements, positions, and research priorities contained in this OPRTP may not necessarily reflect the views or policies of an individual department or agency, including any component of a department or agency that is a member of ICCOPR. This OPRTP does not establish any regulatory requirement or interpretation, nor implies the need to establish a new regulatory requirement or modify an existing regulatory requirement. Page ii Final Oil Pollution Research & Technology Plan – Approved September 29, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................III LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... XI LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................. XIII DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................... XXI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3 Background ................................................................................................................................. 3 Purpose of the Plan ..................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Use of the Plan .......................................................................................................... 4 PART ONE – OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH .................................................................................. 7 1. The Need for Oil Pollution Research .............................................................................. 7 1.1 U.S. Oil Production ......................................................................................................... 8 1.2 History of Oil Spills in the U.S. .......................................................................................12 1.3 Analysis of the Oil Spill System .....................................................................................15 1.4 Exploration and Production Facilities .............................................................................16 1.5 Onshore and Offshore Pipelines .........................................................................................17 1.6 Railroads ...........................................................................................................................19 1.7 Refining and Storage Operations...................................................................................21 1.8 Maritime and Riverine Transport - Tank Vessels (Ships & Barges) and Non-Tank Vessels ..........................................................................................................................22 1.9 Oil Tankers ....................................................................................................................24 1.10 Regional and Geographic Areas of Interest ...................................................................25 2. Federal Oil Pollution Research ......................................................................................27 2.1 ICCOPR ....................................................................................................................27 2.1.1. Origin .........................................................................................................................27 2.1.2. ICCOPR Membership ................................................................................................27 2.1.2.1 U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) ..............................................................................29 2.1.2.2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ............................29 2.1.2.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ..................................30 2.1.2.4 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) ..................................................................31 Page iii Final Oil Pollution Research & Technology Plan – Approved September 29, 2015 2.1.2.5 Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) ............................31 2.1.2.6 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) .............................................32 2.1.2.7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) ........................................................32 2.1.2.8 Maritime Administration (MARAD) ..................................................................33 2.1.2.9 Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) ...................33 2.1.2.10 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) ........................................................34 2.1.2.11 U.S. Navy (USN) ...........................................................................................34 2.1.2.12 U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) ...................................................................35 2.1.2.13 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)...............................................35 2.1.2.14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ..............................36 2.1.2.15 U.S. Arctic Research Commission (USARC) ................................................36 2.2. Other Federal Stakeholders and Entities ...................................................................37 2.2.1 Arctic Executive Steering Committee (AESC) ...........................................................37 2.2.2 Federal Oil Spill Team for Emergency Response Remote Sensing (FOSTERRS) ....37 2.2.3 Federal Rail Administration (FRA) .............................................................................37 2.2.4 U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) ...................................................................................38 2.2.5 Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council ...............................................................38 2.2.6 Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (GMFMC) ...........................................38 2.2.7 U.S. Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) ................................................................39 2.2.8 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) ...................................39 2.2.9 U.S. National Response Team (NRT) - Science and Technology (S&T) Committee .40 2.2.10 National Science Foundation (NSF) ..........................................................................40 2.2.11 NOAA RESTORE Act Science Program ...................................................................40 2.2.12 North American Wetlands Conservation Act (NAWCA) Gulf of Mexico Funds ..........41 2.3 Federal Research Laboratories and Testing Facilities ...............................................41 2.3.1 Ohmsett .....................................................................................................................41 2.3.2 USCG Research & Development Center (RDC) .......................................................42 2.3.3 USCG RDC Joint Maritime Test Facility ....................................................................42 2.3.4 USCG Marine Safety Laboratory ...............................................................................42 2.3.5 U.S. EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) .....................42 2.3.6 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) ................................43 2.3.7 U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) ............................43 2.3.8 Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML) .............................................................................43 Page iv Final Oil Pollution Research & Technology Plan – Approved September 29, 2015 2.2.9 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Stennis Space Center .................................44 2.3.10 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) ..........................................................44 2.3.11 Coastal and Ocean Research Vessels ......................................................................45 2.3.10.1 USCG Cutter Healy .......................................................................................45 2.3.11.2 EPA Vessels .................................................................................................45 2.3.11.3 MARAD Vessels ...........................................................................................45 2.3.11.4 NOAA Vessels ..............................................................................................45 2.3.12
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Damage from the Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article An Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Damage from the Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident Haiwen Han 1, Shengmao Huang 1, Shuang Liu 2,3,*, Jingjing Sha 2,3 and Xianqing Lv 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (S.H.) 2 North China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Qingdao 266033, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266100, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (X.L.) Abstract: Oil spills have immediate adverse effects on marine ecological functions. Accurate as- sessment of the damage caused by the oil spill is of great significance for the protection of marine ecosystems. In this study the observation data of Chaetoceros and shellfish before and after the Penglai 19-3 oil spill in the Bohai Sea were analyzed by the least-squares fitting method and radial basis function (RBF) interpolation. Besides, an oil transport model is provided which considers both the hydrodynamic mechanism and monitoring data to accurately simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the Bohai Sea. It was found that the abundance of Chaetoceros and shellfish exposed to the oil spill decreased rapidly. The biomass loss of Chaetoceros and shellfish are 7.25 × 1014 ∼ 7.28 × 1014 ind and 2.30 × 1012 ∼ 2.51 × 1012 ind in the area with TPH over 50 mg/m3 during the observation period, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Njit-Etd2016-006
    Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Please Note: The author retains the copyright while the New Jersey Institute of Technology reserves the right to distribute this thesis or dissertation Printing note: If you do not wish to print this page, then select “Pages from: first page # to: last page #” on the print dialog screen The Van Houten library has removed some of the personal information and all signatures from the approval page and biographical sketches of theses and dissertations in order to protect the identity of NJIT graduates and faculty. ABSTRACT LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE BIODEGRADATION OF CHEMICALLY DISPERSED OIL: EFFECT OF DROPLET SIZE AND NUTRIENT AMENDMENT by Christopher D'Ambrose Oil spills could have devastating effects on the shorelines, and for this reason, chemical dispersants are commonly used to disperse the oil slick in the water column, preventing it from reaching the shorelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection, 1860S-1980S
    Guide to the American Petroleum Institute Photograph and Film Collection, 1860s-1980s NMAH.AC.0711 Bob Ageton (volunteer) and Kelly Gaberlavage (intern), August 2004 and May 2006; supervised by Alison L. Oswald, archivist. August 2004 and May 2006 Archives Center, National Museum of American History P.O. Box 37012 Suite 1100, MRC 601 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected] http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 4 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 6 Series 1: Historical Photographs, 1850s-1950s....................................................... 6 Series 2: Modern Photographs, 1960s-1980s........................................................ 75 Series 3: Miscellaneous
    [Show full text]
  • Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Plankton from Puget Sound
    Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound Phase 3: Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Plankton from Puget Sound 1 2 Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Plankton from Puget Sound By James E. West, Jennifer Lanksbury and Sandra M. O’Neill March, 2011 Washington Department of Ecology Publication number 11-10-002 3 Author and Contact Information James E. West Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 1111 Washington St SE Olympia, WA 98501-1051 Jennifer Lanksbury Current address: Aquatic Resources Division Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) 950 Farman Avenue North MS: NE-92 Enumclaw, WA 98022-9282 Sandra M. O'Neill Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division 2725 Montlake Blvd. East Seattle, WA 98112 Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through a Puget Sound Estuary Program grant to the Washington Department of Ecology (EPA Grant CE- 96074401). Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the Department of Fish and Wildlife. 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Decontaminating Terrestrial Oil Spills: a Comparative Assessment of Dog Fur, Human Hair, Peat Moss and Polypropylene Sorbents
    environments Article Decontaminating Terrestrial Oil Spills: A Comparative Assessment of Dog Fur, Human Hair, Peat Moss and Polypropylene Sorbents Megan L. Murray *, Soeren M. Poulsen and Brad R. Murray School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] (S.M.P.); [email protected] (B.R.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 June 2020; Accepted: 4 July 2020; Published: 8 July 2020 Abstract: Terrestrial oil spills have severe and continuing consequences for human communities and the natural environment. Sorbent materials are considered to be a first line of defense method for directly extracting oil from spills and preventing further contaminant spread, but little is known on the performance of sorbent products in terrestrial environments. Dog fur and human hair sorbent products were compared to peat moss and polypropylene sorbent to examine their relative effectiveness in adsorbing crude oil from different terrestrial surfaces. Crude oil spills were simulated using standardized microcosm experiments, and contaminant adsorbency was measured as percentage of crude oil removed from the original spilled quantity. Sustainable-origin absorbents made from dog fur and human hair were equally effective to polypropylene in extracting crude oil from non- and semi-porous land surfaces, with recycled dog fur products and loose-form hair showing a slight advantage over other sorbent types. In a sandy terrestrial environment, polypropylene sorbent was significantly better at adsorbing spilled crude oil than all other tested products. Keywords: crude oil; petroleum contamination; disaster management; land pollution 1. Introduction Crude oils are complex in composition and form the basis of many materials and fuels in high demand by global communities [1].
    [Show full text]
  • The Foundation for Global Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants: a United States Perspective
    The Foundation for Global Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants: A United States Perspective Office of Research and Development Washington, DC 20460 EPA/600/P-01/003F NCEA-I-1200 March 2002 www.epa.gov Disclaimer Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Cover page credits: Bald eagle, U.S. FWS; mink, Joe McDonald/Corbis.com; child, family photo, Jesse Paul Nagaruk; polar bear, U.S. FWS; killer whales, Craig Matkin. Contents Contributors ................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ....................................................................................... ix Chapter 1. Genesis of the Global Persistent Organic Pollutant Treaty ............ 1-1 Why Focus on POPs? ................................................................................................. 1-2 The Four POPs Parameters: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, Toxicity, Long-Range Environmental Transport ......................................................... 1-5 Persistence ......................................................................................................... 1-5 Bioaccumulation ................................................................................................. 1-6 Toxicity .............................................................................................................. 1-7 Long-Range Environmental Transport .................................................................. 1-7 POPs
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Oil on Wildlife and Habitat the U.S
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Effects of Oil on Wildlife and Habitat The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Weathering reduces the more toxic elements in oil products over time as Service is the federal exposure to air, sunlight, wave and tidal action, and certain microscopic agency responsible for organisms degrade and disperse many of the nation’s fish oil. Weathering rates depend on factors such as type of oil, weather, and wildlife resources and temperature, and the type of shoreline one of the primary trustees and bottom that occur in the spill area. for fish, wildlife and habitat Types of Oil Although there are different types of at oil spills. oil, the oil involved in the Deepwater Horizon spill is classified as light crude. The Service is actively involved Light crude is moderately volatile and in response efforts related to the can leave a residue of up to one third of Deepwater Horizon oil spill that the amount spilled after several days. It occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on April leaves a film on intertidal resources and 20, 2010. Many species of wildlife, has the potential to cause long-term including some that are threatened or contamination. endangered, live along the Gulf Coast and could be impacted by the spill. Impacts to Wildlife and Habitat Oil causes harm to wildlife through Oil spills affect wildlife and their physical contact, ingestion, inhalation habitats in many ways. The severity and absorption. Floating oil can of the injury depends on the type and contaminate plankton, which includes quantity of oil spilled, the season and algae, fish eggs, and the larvae of MacKenzie FWS/Tom weather, the type of shoreline, and the various invertebrates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role and Regulation of Dispersants in Oil Spill Response
    Fighting Chemicals with Chemicals: The Role and Regulation of Dispersants in Oil Spill Response Charles L. Franklin and Lori J. Warner or most Americans, and many American environmen- dentnews.gov/ (last visited July 17, 2011) (searching reported tal lawyers, the tragic Deepwater Horizon oil spill of incidents in which dispersants were evaluated and used). Even 2010 provided the first close-up look at the role that so, their use has not been without controversy. One of the oil dispersants and surfactant chemicals (dispersants) first documented uses of dispersing agents occurred in 1967 Fplay in modern-day oil spill response efforts. While dispersants during the response to the Torrey Canyon tanker spill off the have been used for decades, dispersants played a particularly English Coast. DOT, EPA, The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Report pivotal, if controversial role, in the Gulf spill response, osten- to the President, Doc. No. OSWER-89-VALDZ, (May 1989) sibly helping to reduce the onshore impact of the release. Dis- [herinafter Exxon Valdez Report], App. D-23. This early effort persants were a workhorse of the recovery effort, and in turn, proved catastrophic, however, as the chemicals used in the arguably might be credited with limiting the land impacts of effort—little more than industrial degreasing agents devel- the largest spill in history. For some, however, the central role oped for cleaning tanks—resulted in an “ecological disaster” that chemical dispersants played in the Gulf cleanup effort in which extensive mortalities of animals and algae occurred is more a cause for question than credit. This article reviews immediately, and the natural recovery was severely slowed and the historic use and regulation of oil dispersants in oil spill still incomplete in some areas ten years later.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Pollution in the Caribbean: Not a Minute to Waste
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Marine Public Disclosure Authorized Pollution in the Caribbean: Not a Minute to Waste Public Disclosure Authorized Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant per- mission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rose- wood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Fate of Marine Oil Spills
    FATE OF MARINE OIL SPILLS TECHNICAL INFORMATION PAPER 2 Introduction When oil is spilled into the sea it undergoes a number of physical and chemical changes, some of which lead to its removal from the sea surface, while others cause it to persist. The fate of spilled oil in the marine environment depends upon factors such as the quantity spilled, the oil’s initial physical and chemical characteristics, the prevailing climatic and sea conditions and whether the oil remains at sea or is washed ashore. An understanding of the processes involved and how they interact to alter the nature, composition and behaviour of oil with time is fundamental to all aspects of oil spill response. It may, for example, be possible to predict with confidence that oil will not reach vulnerable resources due to natural dissipation, so that clean-up operations will not be necessary. When an active response is required, the type of oil and its probable behaviour will determine which response options are likely to be most effective. This paper describes the combined effects of the various natural processes acting on spilled oil, collectively known as ‘weathering’. Factors which determine whether or not the oil is likely to persist in the marine environment are considered together with the implications for response operations. The fate of oil spilled in the marine environment has important implications for all aspects of a response and, consequently, this paper should be read in conjunction with others in this series of Technical Information Papers. Properties of oil Crude oils of different origin vary widely in their physical and chemical properties, whereas many refined products tend to have well-defined properties irrespective of the crude oil from which they are derived.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Offshore Oil-Spill Prevention and Remediation Requirements and Practices in Newfoundland and Labrador
    Review of Offshore Oil-spill Prevention and Remediation Requirements and Practices in Newfoundland and Labrador Appendix Documents December 2010 Client: Primary Author: Department of Natural Resources Captain Mark Turner Government of Newfoundland and Labrador P.O. Box 5367 P.O. Box 8700 St. John’s, NL St. John’s, NL A1C 5W2 A1B 4J6 [email protected] List of Appendices Appendix I Frequently Asked Questions Concerning Oil-spill Prevention and Remediation Requirements and Practices in Newfoundland and Labrador Appendix II Physical Environment of Newfoundland and Labrador and Comparisons to Selected Jurisdictions Appendix III Physical Environment of Comparable Jurisdictions - the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and Australia Appendix IV General Information Concerning Oil-spill Prevention Appendix V Background on the Regulatory Regime for Subsea Well-control and Oil-spill Readiness and Response Appendix VI Statement by Max Ruelokke P.Eng, Chair and CEO, C-NLOPB (Made to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Natural Resources on May 25, 2010) Appendix VII Subsea Well-control for Drilling Operations and Oil-spill Readiness (Prepared by the C-NLOPB as a Technical Briefing for Media on June 2, 2010) Appendix VIII Regulatory Environment, Batch-spill Sources and Facility Spill Prevention (Prepared by Hibernia Management and Development Company and presented to Mark Turner and Justin Skinner on June 25, 2010) Appendix IX Spill Prevention - Well Design, Well-control and Drilling (Prepared by Husky Energy and presented to Mark Turner
    [Show full text]
  • In-Situ Burning
    In-Situ Burning In-situ burning, or ISB, is a technique sometimes used by people responding to an oil spill. In-situ burning involves the controlled burning of oil that has spilled from a vessel or a facility, at the location of the spill. When conducted properly, in-situ burning significantly reduces the amount of oil on the water and minimizes the adverse effect of the oil on the environment. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Here are answers to questions that are frequently asked about ISB: · General Questions · Environmental Tradeoffs · Environmental Impacts · Human Health Concerns · Safety Concerns · Economic Concerns · Institutional Concerns ISB Guidelines and Handouts · Guidance on Burning Spilled Oil In Situ - A position paper from the National Response Team (NRT) on the recommended limits for short-term human exposure to particulates measuring less than 10 microns (PM-10) while spilled oil is burned in situ. · Open-Water Response Strategies: In-Situ Burning - Why conduct in-situ burning? How is it done? What about the emissions that it produces? Where has in-situ burning been conducted? What factors might prevent its use? · Regional Response Team VI Guidelines for Inshore/Nearshore In-Situ Burn - Advantages and disadvantages of in-situ burning of oiled wetlands, safety and operational guidelines, and a checklist for in-situ coastal wetland burns. · In-Situ Burn Unified Command Decision Verification Checklist - This checklist, created with input from the Region II Regional Response Team, summarizes important information the Unified Command should consider when planning oil spill in-situ burning in marine waters of Region II. Health and Safety · Health and Safety Aspects of In-situ Burning of Oil - Presents health and safety considerations for response personnel, the general public, and the environment.
    [Show full text]