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Article 111760 918449156A5b3 ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ - ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ اﻳﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ( ijfpr.2017.111760 (: DOI/10.22092 ﺟﻠﺪ 25 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ 254-263، ( 1396) وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري 3 2 2 *1 ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ ، ﺣﺴﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﺒﺎزي ، ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻳﺮان ﻣﻨﺶ و ﻓﺮﺷﺎد ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎن * 1 - ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل، ﻣﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد ، اﻳﺮان . ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ: [email protected] 2- اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﭘﮋ ﻮﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد، اﻳﺮان 3- ﻣﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد، اﻳﺮان ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 30/01/95 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 07/24/ 95 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﭘﺴﺘﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻨﻪ ( .Pistacia atlantica Desf ) ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ 307000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎري ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن، ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻨﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺸﺎﻫ ﺪه اي ﺑﺮ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ 1:50000 ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي رﻗﻮﻣﻲ درآﻣﺪه و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻴﭙﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺒﻜﻪ آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 30 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻨﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد . ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺷﺒﻜﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، 39 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ داﻳﺮه اي 10 آري ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺷﺶ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺣﻀﻮر دا ﺷﺖ. ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻠﻮط - ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ 84801 و ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﺎدام - ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ 537 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ . ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ 90 و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﺎدام - ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ 20 اﺻﻠﻪ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد . ﻗﻄﻮرﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛ ﻢ ﻗﻄﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎي اﻓﺮا - ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺑﺎدام - ﺑﻨﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻠﻮط- ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ، اﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺎﺷﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎارزش در ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﺺ و ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮط در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ وﺟﻮد دارد . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﺑﺎدام، ﺑﻠﻮط، ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ، ﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ، ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس . ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ داراي ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺴ ﺘﻪ وﺣﺸﻲ ( Pistacia ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت و ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي .atlantica Desf ) ﺑ ﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬ ﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، از ﺧﺸﻚ و ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ اﺳﺘﭙﻲ ﻣﻲ روﻳﻨﺪ و ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ اي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ درﺧﺘﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرج از ﺷﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ را اﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻣ ﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، اﻳﻦ درﺧﺖ ﻳﻜﻲ از ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ واﻗﻌﻲ را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ و ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎدام ﻫﺎي ﺻﻤﻎ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ را ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ارزش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي زﻳﺎدي وﺣﺸﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( Sabeti, 1994) . ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ در اﻳﺮان دارد ( Oji, 2003). ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ اﻳﺮان ﺟﻠﺪ 25 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 255 ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( Jahanbazi et al ., 2002 ). از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زاﮔﺮس ﺑﻪ 13 ﻫﺰار ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎوان زاﮔﺮس ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻮط ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ، از Nicolescue و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 2015 ) در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در اﻳﺮان در ﺳﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ راش اروﭘﺎﻳﻲ ( Fagus sylvatica ) در روﻣﺎﻧﻲ زاﮔﺮس ، ﺷﺮق ﺗﺎ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ، ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ و اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، Maddelein و Lust ( 1992 ) ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي و داﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻟﺒﺮز ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎج ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ( Pinus اﺳﺖ ( Fatahi, 1995) . از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ sylvestris ) را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار د ﻧﺪاد . ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت درﺧﺖ ﻳﺎ درﺧﺘﭽﻪ، ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب، ﺧﺰان ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ (ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﻳﺮان)، ﺷﺎﻧﻪ اي، ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﭽﻪ اي ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ، ﺑﺎد، ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ و آﻓﺎت و اﻣﺮاض، ﻃﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد، ﺑﺪون ﮔﻮﺷﻮارك، ﻫﺎﮔﻞ روي ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺳﺎده ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ، ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺷﺪه و از ذﺧﺎﻳ ﺮ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ (ﮔﻴﺎه دوﭘﺎﻳﻪ) ﻛﺎﺳﺒﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ، ﺑﺪون ﮔﻠﺒﺮگ، ﮔﻞ ﻧﺮ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ، اﻣﺎ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ، ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه، ﺑﺴﺎك در ﻣﻌﺮض اﻧﻘﺮاض ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺰرگ، ﮔﻞ ﻣﺎده ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﺪان ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي، ﺧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه و ﻛﻼﻟﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ، ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﭼﻮب ﺳﻮﺧﺖ، ﭼﺮاي ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎز و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻼﻟﻪ ﭘﻬﻦ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ، ﻣﻴﻮه ﺷﻔﺖ، ﻛﻢ و ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ از ﺻﻤﻎ و ﻣﻴﻮه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﻮرب و داراي ﻳﻚ داﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ( Khatamsaz, 1997). اﻳﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن در اﻃﺮاف اﻣﺎﻣﺰاده ﻫﺎ و ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ وﺟﻮد در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي روﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اي ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪان ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آن ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ دور ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات ﻣ ﺬﻫﺒﻲ روﺳﺘﺎ ﺋﻴ ﺎن ﺋﻴ ﺑﻠﻮط- ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ 9/ 83 اﺻﻠﻪ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻨﻪ - ﺑﺎدام ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ 8/ 41 اﺻﻠﻪ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري در ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ( Fallah Chaei et al ., 2009 ) . در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻟﺮدﮔﺎن، اردل و ﺑﺎزﻓﺖ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻛﻞ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﻧﻴﺰ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺧﻨﺠﻮك ( P. khinjuk ) ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 307000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎري ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن، 160000 ﻧدار ﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺧﻨﺠﻮك ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود و ﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻪ ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮدﮔﺎن، 100000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن را درﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اردل و 47000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎزﻓﺖ ﻗﺮار دارد ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻠﻮط اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ، ﻣﺎزودار و ( Reisian, 2000) . ﻪﻻزﻣ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﻓﺮا ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ داده اﺳﺖ ( ,Khodakarami ،ﺑﻨﻪ داﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ در ﻣﻮرد اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ . 1998 .) ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻪ ، ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ در اﻳﺮان ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن، ﺗﻌﺪاد در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺑﻨﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻠﻮط اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ اﻳﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاردي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد ( Talebi et al ., 2006 ). اﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ . ﻫﺪف ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ Salarian و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 2008 ) وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي اﺻﻮﻟﻲ در روﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎداﻣﻚ ( Amygdalus scoparia ) را در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺣﻔﻆ ، اﺣﻴﺎ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ارزش اﺳﺖ . ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺮه ﺑﺲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮاردي از ﻗ ﺒﻴ ﻞ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري اﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز روﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺎرون ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻋﻠﻤﻲ از ﺻﻤﻎ و ﻣﻴﻮه اﻳﻦ درﺧﺖ ﺑﺎ ارزش و ﻣﺼﺮف اﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻫﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎزﻓﺖ از دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ روﻏﻦ ﻛﺸﻲ از ﺑﺬر ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺑﻨﻪ 256 وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ... ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آوردن ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺗﺮﺑﺎﻧﺘ ﻴﻦ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﺘﺎن، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺻﻤﻎ اﻳﻦ درﺧﺖ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﻴﺰه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮدم (ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دو ﻗﻄﺮ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ) ، ارﺗﻔﺎع و درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺣﻔﻆ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﺎم ﻣﻔﻴﺪي در راﺳﺘﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺎج از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي دو ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷ ﺪ. ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺑﻴﻀﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي رﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻮه ﻫﺎي زاﮔﺮس واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻴﭙﻮﻟﻮژي اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 16364 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧ ﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . اﺳﺎس اﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺎﺟﻲ، در ﺷﺶ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺑﺘﺪا ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎ ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﻨﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ، ﺑﻨﻪ - ﺑﻠﻮط، ﺑﻨﻪ- ارس، ﺑﻠﻮط - ﺑﻨﻪ ، اﻓﺮا - ﺑﻨﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ در ﺑﺎدام - ﺑﻨﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ و در ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑ ﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دوم ﺑﻮد (ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺑﻨﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬ ﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ 1 ). ). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه، ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ 307000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎري ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن، ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻨﻪ را درﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪهاي ﺑﺮ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ 1:50000 و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎري ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ روي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ، رﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻴﭙﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﻨﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ . ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن و اﺻﻼح ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻴﭙﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ، اﺑﻌﺎد ﺷ ﺒﻜﻪ آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻨﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 30 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ( Talebi et al ., 2007 ) . ﺑ ﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، ﺷﺒﻜﻪ اي ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 50 ×35 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻈﻢ - - ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﭘﻴﺎده ﺷﺪ.
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