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Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens BioMed Research International Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens Guest Editors: Alessandra Pulliero, Jia Cao, Luciana dos Reis Vasques, and Francesca Pacchierotti Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens BioMed Research International Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens Guest Editors: Alessandra Pulliero, Jia Cao, Luciana dos Reis Vasques, and Francesca Pacchierotti Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens, Alessandra Pulliero, Jia Cao, Luciana dos Reis Vasques, and Francesca Pacchierotti Volume 2015, Article ID 608054, 3 pages Effect of Environmental Chemical Stress on Nuclear Noncoding RNA Involved in Epigenetic Control, Patrizio Arrigo and Alessandra Pulliero Volume 2015, Article ID 761703, 10 pages Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes and Chromosomal Damage for 1,3-Butadiene-Exposed Workers in a Matched Study in China, Menglong Xiang, Lei Sun, Xiaomei Dong, Huan Yang, Wen-bin Liu, Niya Zhou, Xue Han, Ziyuan Zhou, Zhihong Cui, Jing-yi Liu, Jia Cao, and Lin Ao Volume 2015, Article ID 234675, 7 pages Applying a Weight-of-Evidence Approach to Evaluate Relevance of Molecular Landscapes in the Exposure-Disease Paradigm,SherilynA.GrossandKristenM.Fedak Volume 2015, Article ID 515798, 11 pages Heterogeneity of Genetic Damage in Cervical Nuclei and Lymphocytes in Women with Different Levels of Dysplasia and Cancer-Associated Risk Factors, Carlos Alvarez-Moya, Monica´ Reynoso-Silva, Alejandro A. Canales-Aguirre, JoseO.Chavez-Chavez,HugoCasta´ neda-V˜ azquez,´ and Alfredo I. Feria-Velasco Volume 2015, Article ID 293408, 6 pages Oxidative Stress Alters miRNA and Gene Expression Profiles in Villous First Trimester Trophoblasts, CourtneyE.Cross,MaiF.Tolba,CatherineM.Rondelli,MeixiangXu,andSherifZ.Abdel-Rahman Volume 2015, Article ID 257090, 11 pages Bisphenol A Effects on Mammalian Oogenesis and Epigenetic Integrity of Oocytes: A Case Study Exploring Risks of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter and Francesca Pacchierotti Volume 2015, Article ID 698795, 11 pages Environmental Impact on DNA Methylation in the Germline: State of the Art and Gaps of Knowledge, Francesca Pacchierotti and Marcello Spano` Volume 2015, Article ID 123484, 23 pages Putative Epimutagens in Maternal Peripheral and Cord Blood Samples Identified Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Yoshikazu Arai, Koji Hayakawa, Daisuke Arai, Rie Ito, Yusuke Iwasaki, Koichi Saito, Kazuhiko Akutsu, Satoshi Takatori, Rie Ishii, Rumiko Hayashi, Shun-Ichiro Izumi, Norihiro Sugino, Fumio Kondo, Masakazu Horie, Hiroyuki Nakazawa, Tsunehisa Makino, Mitsuko Hirosawa, Kunio Shiota, and Jun Ohgane Volume 2015, Article ID 876047, 13 pages Noncoding RNAs: Possible Players in the Development of Fluorosis,AtulP.Daiwile, Saravanadevi Sivanesan, Alberto Izzotti, Amit Bafana, Pravin K. Naoghare, Patrizio Arrigo, Hemant J. Purohit, Devendra Parmar, and Krishnamurthi Kannan Volume 2015, Article ID 274852, 10 pages Genotoxic Effect in Autoimmune Diseases Evaluated by the Micronucleus Test Assay: Our Experience and Literature Review, Olivia Torres-Bugar´ın, Nicole Macriz Romero, Mar´ıa Luisa Ramos Ibarra, Aurelio Flores-Garc´ıa, Penelope´ Valdez Aburto, and Mar´ıa Guadalupe Zavala-Cerna Volume 2015, Article ID 194031, 11 pages Effect of 50 Hz Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the DNA Methylation and DNA Methyltransferases in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cell Line GC-2, Yong Liu, Wen-bin Liu, Kai-jun Liu, Lin Ao, Julia Li Zhong, Jia Cao, and Jin-yi Liu Volume 2015, Article ID 237183, 10 pages Environmental Epigenetics: Crossroad between Public Health, Lifestyle, and Cancer Prevention, Massimo Romani, Maria Pia Pistillo, and Barbara Banelli Volume 2015, Article ID 587983, 13 pages Impact of Cadmium on Intracellular Zinc Levels in HepG2 Cells: Quantitative Evaluations and Molecular Effects, Chiara Urani, Pasquale Melchioretto, Maurizio Bruschi, Marco Fabbri, Maria Grazia Sacco, and Laura Gribaldo Volume 2015, Article ID 949514, 10 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 608054, 3 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/608054 Editorial Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens Alessandra Pulliero,1 Jia Cao,2 Luciana dos Reis Vasques,3 and Francesca Pacchierotti4 1 Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy 2Toxicology Institute, Preventive Medical College, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China 3Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao˜ Paulo, 05508-090 Sao˜ Paulo, SP, Brazil 4Laboratory of Toxicology UT-BIORAD, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Alessandra Pulliero; [email protected] Received 21 June 2015; Accepted 22 June 2015 Copyright © 2015 Alessandra Pulliero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Identifying the effects of environmental exposures on human is a general mechanism playing an important pathogenic health is a major objective of life sciences and biomedi- role in linking exposure to environmental toxic agents with cal research. In environmental health, the recognition that their pathological consequences. The underlying molecular exposures could produce DNA mutations represents a major mechanism involves both p53-microRNA interconnection landmark for risk assessment and prevention [1]. Conse- and alterations of Dicer function [5]. MicroRNAs have been quently, chemical agents have been categorized according to also implicated in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance their ability to alter the DNA sequence. Such information via the gametes. Other epigenetic mechanisms, like DNA has been fundamental to determine environmental risks methylation, are susceptible to environmental influence in and shape current regulatory efforts for exposure reduction. both somatic and germ cells modulating the mechanisms and Recent evidences suggest that the molecular influence of the risk of chemically induced genetic and epigenetic effects. the environment may extend beyond the interaction with The present special issue provides a comprehensive overview the DNA sequence [2]. Epigenetics is the study of heritable of the current status of this interesting field of research. changes in gene expression that occur without changes in It comprises manuscripts reporting novel data as well as DNA sequence [3]. This is particularly fascinating because state-of-the-art reviews. We have composed a balanced issue epigenetics involves factors that cause chemical changes to combining in vitro studies, as well as studies performed in occur in our genomes. Epigenetic mechanisms, with particu- humans.Theissueisstartedbyacomprehensivereviewby lar reference to microRNA alterations, DNA methylation, and M. Romani et al., describing the mechanisms of epigenetic histone modifications, can change genome function under control and their role in disease development, the influence exogenous influence. MicroRNAs are posttranscriptional of the environment, lifestyle, and nutritional habits influence regulators of gene expression involved in carcinogenesis, on epigenetic markers, and how these factors are related metastasis, and invasion. Thus, microRNAs are potentially to the development of cancer and other noncommunicable useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as diseases. Diet is a major exposure daily route to many anticancer therapeutic targets. Many microRNAs undergo toxic substances including endocrine disruptors such as altered expression as consequence of exposure to carcinogens bisphenol A. The epigenome of mammalian female germ and these changes may be useful in cancer prevention [4]. The cells and oocyte development is modified by low bisphenol relationship between exposure to environmental carcinogens A concentrations with functional consequences on gene and epigenetics revealed that toxicants modify epigenetic expression, chromosome dynamics in meiosis, and oocyte states. Accordingly, the alteration of microRNA expression development. These important aspects are described by U. 2 BioMed Research International Eichenlaub-Ritter and F. Pacchierotti underlying that there the presence of any autoimmune disease condition. The are specific time windows, during which profound chromatin authors propose that micronuclei could be used as an early remodeling occurs and maternal imprints are established or biomarker of disease progression and/or response to therapy. protected that appear particularly vulnerable to epigenetic The effect of toxicological agents on genes is an area that deregulation by bisphenol A. Indeed, the BPA exposure warrants further research as a major public health issue. In has long lasting consequences on the female reproductive particular, pollution in Asia is a growing concern
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