DOCSLIB.ORG

Regional Co-Operation and Protection of the Marine Environment Under International Law Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regional Co-Operation and Protection of the Marine Environment Under International Law Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development Regional Co-operation and Protection of the Marine Environment Under International Law Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development Series Editor David Freestone This series publishes work on all aspects of the international legal dimensions of the concept of sustainable development. Its aim is to publish important works of scholarship on a range of relevant issues including conservation of natural resources, climate change, biodiversity loss and the role of international agreements, international organizations and state practice. Volume 16 The titles published in this series are listed at: www.brill.com/lasd Regional Co-operation and Protection of the Marine Environment Under International Law The Black Sea By Nilufer Oral LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oral, Nilufer. Regional cooperation and protection of the marine environment under international law : the Black Sea / by Nilufer Oral. pages cm. – (Legal aspects of sustainable development) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-25085-7 (hardback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-90-04-25086-4 (e-book) 1. Marine resources conservation – Law and legislation – Black Sea. 2. Marine pollution – Law and legislation – Black Sea. 3. Fishery law and legislation – Black Sea. 4. Black Sea – History. 5. Azov, Sea of (Ukraine and Russia) I. Title. K3590.4.O73 2013 346.04’69164—dc23 2013013941 ISSN 1875-0923 ISBN 978-90-04-25085-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25086-4 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. To my father and mother to whom I owe everything Contents Series Editor’s Preface ............................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... xv Tables ............................................................................................................................. xvii Maps ............................................................................................................................... xix Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... xxi Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter I Historical Development of Regional Co-operation in the Black Sea ...................................................................................................... 17 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 17 2. The Black Sea: From Mare Clausum to Mare Sui Generis ....... 18 2.1 Black Sea as Mare Clausum ...................................................... 18 2.2 The Black Sea as a Mare Shared .............................................. 19 2.3 Multilateralism in the Black Sea ............................................... 24 2.4 A Sui Generis Regime for the Black Sea ................................. 26 3. The Historical Development of Regional Co-operation in Part IX of the 1982 LOSC .................................................................. 28 3.1 The Soviet “Closed Sea” Doctrine ............................................. 28 3.2 Marine Regionalism in the Law of the Sea ............................. 32 3.3 UNCLOS III ..................................................................................... 33 4. Regional Co-operation in Part IX of the 1982 LOSC ................. 37 4.1 Sources of the Duty of Co-operation under International Law ......................................................................... 37 4.2 Judicial Interpretation of Article 123 ........................................ 40 5. Discussion .............................................................................................. 42 Chapter II State of the Black Sea: The Making and Unmaking of a Sea ....... 45 1. Evolution of the Black Sea: From Sea to Lake to Sea ............... 45 1.1 Birth of a Sea .................................................................................. 45 1.2 Geomorphology of the Black Sea Today .................................. 47 2. A Sea of Poison, a Sea of Life .......................................................... 47 2.1 Anoxia ............................................................................................. 47 2.2 Hydrogen Sulfide .......................................................................... 49 2.3 Extreme Life ................................................................................... 50 viii Contents 3. Decline of the Black Sea ................................................................... 50 3.1 Eutrophication ............................................................................... 50 3.2 Introduction of Alien Species ..................................................... 55 3.3 Atmospheric Input of Nutrients ................................................ 57 4. Marine Biodiversity and Fisheries in the Black Sea ............... 57 4.1 Overall Biodiversity ................................................................... 57 4.2 State of Black Sea Fisheries ..................................................... 58 4.3 Black Sea Marine Mammals .................................................. 61 5. Black Sea Habitats and Wetlands ................................................ 63 5.1 Black Sea Marine Habitat Destruction ................................ 63 5.2 RAMSAR Wetlands in the Black Sea .................................... 64 5.3 Ecosystem Value of the Black Sea ......................................... 65 6. Climate Change ................................................................................. 66 7. The Sea of Azov ................................................................................. 68 7.1 Background ................................................................................. 68 7.2 State of Biodiversity and Habitats ........................................ 69 8. Discussion ........................................................................................... 70 Chapter III The Regional Legal Framework for the Protection and Preservation of the Black Sea Marine Environment .................... 75 1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 75 2. Co-operation in the Protection of the Marine Environment under International Law ................................................................ 76 2.1 The 1982 LOSC and Protection of the Marine Environment ............................................................................... 76 2.2 Regional Seas Model for Co-operation ................................ 78 2.3 International Law Principles and Norms for Sustainable Governance of the Marine Environment ............................. 79 3. Building Sustainable Governance in the Black Sea ................ 82 3.1 Early Efforts ................................................................................ 82 3.2 Regional Governance Framework for the Black Sea ........ 83 3.3 The 2007 Black Sea-TDA Legal and Institutional Analysis ........................................................................................ 85 4. Legal Framework for Co-operation for the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment ................................................... 86 4.1 Obligations, Principles and Actions for Co-operation ...... 86 4.2 Institutional Framework for Co-operation .......................... 94 4.3 Commission for the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution ....................................................................................... 95 4.4 BSEC, PABSEC, BSTDB and ICBSS ........................................ 97 4.5 Black Sea Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) ..... 100 Contents ix 5. The EU in the Black Sea .................................................................. 103 6. Regional Seas Governance: A Comparative Analysis ............. 107 6.1 Mediterranean Sea .................................................................... 107 6.2 The Baltic Sea – HELCOM ....................................................... 110 6.3 The North-East Atlantic Sea – OSPAR .................................. 114 7. Compliance Mechanisms under International Law ................ 117 8. Discussion ............................................................................................ 120 Chapter IV Marine Biodiversity in the Black Sea ................................................. 127 1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 127 2. The International Legal Framework for Protection of Biodiversity .........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems
    Ca. 30m Ca.200m TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 172 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems 0 í J INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1 976 EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND ECOSYSTEMS The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES ALBANIA HUNGARY POLAND ALGERIA ICELAND PORTUGAL ARGENTINA INDIA REPUBLIC OF AUSTRALIA INDONESIA SOUTH VIET-NAM AUSTRIA IRAN ROMANIA BANGLADESH IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA BELGIUM IRELAND SENEGAL BOLIVIA ISRAEL SIERRA LEONE BRAZIL ITALY SINGAPORE BULGARIA IVORY COAST SOUTH AFRICA BURMA JAMAICA SPAIN BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET JAPAN SRI LANKA SOCIALIST REPUBLIC JORDAN SUDAN CAMBODIA KENYA SWEDEN CANADA KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SWITZERLAND CHILE KUWAIT SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LEBANON THAILAND COSTA RICA LIBERIA TUNISIA CUBA LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC TURKEY CYPRUS LIECHTENSTEIN UGANDA CZECHOSLOVAKIA LUXEMBOURG UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA MALAYSIA UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST DENMARK MALI REPUBLICS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ECUADOR MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT EGYPT MONACO BRITAIN AND NORTHERN EL SALVADOR MONGOLIA IRELAND ETHIOPIA MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC OF FINLAND NETHERLANDS CAMEROON FRANCE NEW ZEALAND UNITED REPUBLIC OF GABON NIGER TANZANIA GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NIGERIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NORWAY URUGUAY GHANA PAKISTAN VENEZUELA GREECE PANAMA YUGOSLAVIA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY ZAIRE HAITI PERU ZAMBIA The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world".
    [Show full text]
  • May 2002. the Internet Journal
    Vol. 5 / No. 1 Published by Friends of the Monk Seal May 2002 Guest Editorial: The plight of the monk seal Henrique Costa Neves reflects on the monk seal’s remarkable recovery in Madeira after centuries of persecution and near-extinction. International News Hawaiian News Mediterranean News Cover Story: Endgame – the fight for marine protected areas in Turkey by Cem. O. Kiraç and Yalcin Savas. In Focus: Homeward Bound – are monk seals returning to Madeira’s São Lourenço Peninsula? by Alexandros A. Karamanlidis, Rosa Pires, Henrique Costa Neves and Carlos Santos. Guest Editorial: Sun basking seals on Madeira’s Desertas Islands Perspectives: Challenge in the Ionian An interview with Ioannis D. Pantis, President of the National Marine Park of Zakynthos, Greece. Monachus Science: Bree, P.J.H. van. Notes on the description and the type material of the Hawaiian monk seal or Laysan Seal, Monachus schauinslandi Matschie, 1905. Kiraç, C.O., Y. Savas, H. Güçlüsoy & N.O. Veryeri. Observations on diving behaviour of free ranging Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus on Turkish coasts. Monachus Science Posters: Cover Story: MPAs in Turkey – in desperate need of management Androukaki E., E. Fatsea, L. 't Hart, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, E. Tounta, S. Kotomatas. Growth and development of Mediterranean monk seal pups during rehabilitation. 16th European Cetacean Society Conference, Liège, Belgium, 7-11 April, 2002. Dosi, A., S. Adamantopoulou, P. Dendrinos, S. Kotomatas, E. Tounta, & E. Androukaki. Analysis of heavy metals in blubber and skin of Mediterranean monk seals. 16th European Cetacean Society Conference, Liège, Belgium, 7-11 April, 2002. Letters to the Editor Including – Killing sharks at French Frigate Shoals is unacceptable, by Ian L.
    [Show full text]
  • Определение Длины, При Которой Наступает Половая Зрелость У Черноморского Калкана (Scophthalmus Maeotica Maeotica)
    71 УДК 597.587.9.36(262.5) ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ДЛИНЫ, ПРИ КОТОРОЙ НАСТУПАЕТ ПОЛОВАЯ ЗРЕЛОСТЬ У ЧЕРНОМОРСКОГО КАЛКАНА (SCOPHTHALMUS MAEOTICA MAEOTICA) М. М. Пятинский, инж. I кат. Керченский филиал («ЮгНИРО») ФГБНУ «АзНИИРХ» e-mail: [email protected] Исследуются особенности полового созревания черноморского калкана Scophthalmus maeotica maeotica (Pallas, 1814). Определена длина, при которой калкан достигает половой зрелости, при помощи пробит-метода на основе функции максимального правдоподобия в программной среде R. Пробит-анализу были подвергнуты две выборки размером 199 и 102 особи. Между выборками не были обнаружены статистические различия, данные были объединены. Длина самок, при которой 50 % особей достигли половой зрелости, составила 39,8 (37,5 ÷ 41,2) см. Самцы созревают раньше самок при длине меньшей, чем 35 см. Полученные результаты статистически значимы (при уровне 2 значимости P = 0,95), проверка выполнена при помощи критерия . Действующая мера промыслового размера (40 см) является адекватной и препятствует вылову неполовозрелых особей. Ключевые слова: черноморский калкан, Scophthalmus maeotica, пробит, статистика, нормальное распределение, длина, созревание, регрессионный анализ, Черное море ВВЕДЕНИЕ Черноморский калкан Scophthalmus maeotica maeotica (Pallas, 1814) [9] является одним из цен- ных видов рыб Черного моря. Этот вид является важным объектом промысла в Черном море и вслед- ствие высокого многолетнего пресса рыболовства [4] нуждается в изучении и регулировании про- мысла. Основная цель данной работы – определение длины, при которой черноморский калкан до- стигает половой зрелости. Зависимость длины и наступления полового созревания у рыб давно вызывает интерес у иссле- дователей ввиду практического и научного интереса. Обычно исследователи принимали за длину созревания минимальную длину половозрелой особи. Однако такая характеристика не является на- дежной, полученные таким способом данные имеют большое расхождение и не обладают статисти- ческой точностью.
    [Show full text]
  • Lütfiye ERYILMAZ* and Cem DALYAN
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2015) 45 (2): 181–188 DOI: 10.3750/AIP2015.45.2.08 AGE, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF TURBOT, SCOPHTHALMUS MAXIMUS (ACTINOPTERYGII: PLEURONECTIFORMES: SCOPHTHALMIDAE), FROM THE SOUTH-WESTERN COASTS OF BLACK SEA, TURKEY Lütfi ye ERYILMAZ* and Cem DALYAN Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Eryilmaz L., Dalyan C. 2015. Age, growth, and reproductive biology of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectiformes: Scophthalmidae), from the south-western coasts of Black Sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (2): 181–188. Background. The turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758), is of high economical value in Turkey and its biological characteristics have hitherto not been studied in the South-western Black Sea. The purpose of this study was to determine the age and growth, length–weight relation, condition factor, sex ratio, age and length at fi rst maturity, and reproduction period of the turbot in the south-western Black Sea coast of Turkey. Materials and methods. Turbots were collected monthly in the south-western Black Sea coast of Turkey using bottom trawl and turbot gillnets. The fi sh samples were obtained between October 2004 and September 2005. Results. A total of 264 turbots were sampled and the age groups ranged from I to X (no individuals found at age group IX). Total lengths were between 14.0 and 70.0 cm, while weights varied from 34 to 5550 g. The length–we- ight relation for combined sexes was determined as W = 0.0085L3.1581. The von Bertalanffy growth equation para- –1 meters were: L = 73.55 cm, k = 0.17 year , t0 = –0.12 year.
    [Show full text]
  • Current State of the Fishing Industry in the Krasnodar Region and Its Contribution to the Country's Food Security
    E3S Web of Conferences 210, 07002 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021007002 ITSE-2020 Current state of the fishing industry in the Krasnodar region and its contribution to the country's food security Alexey Abramchuk1, , Georgy Moskul1, Natalia Pashinova1, Ksenia Abrosimova1, and Mariya Kozub1 1Kuban state University, 149 Stavropol str., Krasnodar, 350040, Russia Abstract. The paper contains information about the current state of the fishing industry of the Krasnodar territory, the resource base of which is industrial fishing and aquaculture, which is represented by various categories of farms (pond, cage, basin, mariculture). Detailed data on the production of aquaculture products for various categories of farms in the Krasnodar territory are provided. The most developed areas are pasture and pond fish farming, accounting for more than 90% of the region's commercial aquaculture products. The main cultivated objects are various breeds of carp (carp) (Cyprinus carpio), white carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), mottled carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and white Cupid (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The characteristic of the mariculture of the region is given. The results of industrial fishing in the Azov-Black sea basin are considered. The contribution of the fishing industry of the Krasnodar territory to the country's food security is determined. 1 Introduction The Russian fisheries industry is an important sector of the national economy and plays a key role in maintaining the country's food security. Providing a total of about 3 million people in the country for individual subjects, mainly coastal ones, it is crucial in ensuring social stability. The resource base of the industry is industrial fishing and aquaculture, which is represented by various categories of farms (pond, cage, pool, mariculture, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Management of Fish Resources in the Black Sea And
    162 VI. REFERENCES Acara A., 1955. The cycle of inorganic phosphorus in the Bosphorus and its biological investigations. Int.Commn.Sci.Explor.of the Medit., Monaco. Acara A., 1985. The Black Sea turbot. T.S. Basbakanlic. Devlet planlama teskilati, 1-19. Aleev Yu.G., 1957. Horse mackerel (Trachurus) of the Soviet seas. Tr. Sevastopol. Biol.St., 9: 167- 212. In Russian. Aleev Yu.G., 1959. On the reproduction of the southern population of the horse mackerel in the western areas of Black Sea. Tr. Sevastopol. Biol.St., 12: 270-285. In Russian. Aleksandrov A.I., 1927. Anchovies in the Sea o f Azov and Black Sea, their origin and taxonomic status. Tr.Kertch Fish Farm.St., 1, 1-3. Alexandrova K., 1964. Particularities in the growth of Mugil auratus Risso along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. In Bulgarian. Bulletin de l'Institut de Pisciculture et des Pêcheries, V. IV, 237- 252. Alexandrova K., 1967. Mullets in the lakes along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Proceedings of the Research Institute of Fisheries and Ocanography-Varna, V. VIII, 263-293. In Bulgarian. Alexandrova K., 1973. The catch of mullets along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea and its effect on the stocks. Proceedings of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, V. XII, 133-143. In Bulgarian. Altukhov Yu.P. and Apekin V.S., 1963. Serological analysis of the "small" and "large" form of the horse mackerel in the Black Sea. Vopr.Ichthiol., 3 (1): 39-50. In Russian. Altukhov Yu.P. and Michalev Yu.A., 1964. Differences between the "small" and "large" form of the horse mackerel of the Black Sea, established by the characteristics of the cellular thermal stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Psetta Maxima)
    284 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (2006), 284-289 National Centre for Agrarian Sciences Genetic – Biochemical Characteristic of the Hemoglobin and the Transferins in the Black Sea Turbot (Psetta maxima) P. IVANOVA, A. TSEKOV, I. DOBROVOLOV and S. ATANASOVA Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, BG - 9000 Varna, Bulgaria Abstract IVANOVA, P., A. TSEKOV, I. DOBROVOLOV and S. ATANASOVA, 2006. Ge- netic – biochemical characteristic of the hemoglobin and the transferins in the Black Sea turbot (Psetta maxima). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 12: 284-289 In the present work the genetic-biochemical analyses of transferins and hemoglobins of the Black Sea turbot from different localities (the “Drill” area, the Cape Emine and the mouth of Kamtchiya River) were carried out. Two different electrophoretical methods – starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (IEF) are applied. Up to now the Black Sea turbot population structure is not studied, which is the mark for the significance of the problem we investigated. The main goal of the study is to found genetic-biochemical markers for the Black Sea turbot and genetical characteristic of this very valuable fish species. Key words: turbot, hemoglobin, transferins, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, population structure Introduction and more over the application of the popu- lation genetics of fish in the fishery man- The Black sea turbot is distributed along agement, as well as for the protection and the Mediterranean coast of Europe, Black developing of the aquacultures. When the and Azov Seas and specific meaning of genetic population structure of a species its artificial breeding has increased in the is known, the distribution of sub-popula- last decade (Șahin and Űstűndag, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Bioconcentration of Essential and Nonessential Elements in Black Sea Turbot (Psetta Maxima Maeotica Linnaeus, 1758) in Relation to Fish Gender
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Bioconcentration of Essential and Nonessential Elements in Black Sea Turbot (Psetta Maxima Maeotica Linnaeus, 1758) in Relation to Fish Gender 1, 1,2 2, 2 Ira-Adeline Simionov y, Victor Cristea , Stefan-Mihai Petrea y , Alina Mogodan , 3 4 5, Mircea Nicoara , Emanuel Stefan Baltag , Stefan-Adrian Strungaru y and Caterina Faggio 6,* 1 Multidisciplinary Research Platform (ReForm) University of Gala¸ti,800008 Galat, i, Romania; [email protected] (I.-A.S.); [email protected] (V.C.) 2 Food Science and Engineering Faculty, University of Gala¸ti,800008 Galat, i, Romania; [email protected] (S.-M.P.); [email protected] (A.M.) 3 Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology, University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania; [email protected] 4 Marine Biological Station, University of Iasi, 907018 Agigea, Constanta, Romania; [email protected] 5 Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography-Geology, University of Ias, i, 700505 Iasi, Romania; [email protected] 6 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina-Italy, 98166 Sicily, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-090-676-5213 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 5 November 2019; Accepted: 15 December 2019; Published: 17 December 2019 Abstract: This study investigates the influence of gender in the bioconcentration of essential and nonessential elements in different parts of Black Sea turbot (Psetta maxima maeotica) body, from an area considered under high anthropogenic pressure (the Constanta City Black Sea Coastal Area in Romania). A number of 13 elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, As, Pb and Cd) were measured in various sample types: muscle, stomach, stomach content, intestine, intestine content, gonads, liver, spleen, gills and caudal fin.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Turbulence Effect on Egg Survival and Characteristics of Hatched Larvae of the Black Sea Turbot Scophthalmus Maeoticus (Pallas, 1814)
    Морской биологический журнал, 2018, том 3, № 4, с. 101–105 Marine Biological Journal, 2018, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 101–105 https://mbj.marine-research.org; doi: 10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.11 ISSN 2499-9768 print / ISSN 2499-9776 online NOTES UDC 597.556.35:556(262.5) WATER TURBULENCE EFFECT ON EGG SURVIVAL AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HATCHED LARVAE OF THE BLACK SEA TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS MAEOTICUS (PALLAS, 1814) © 2018 Iu. S. Baiandina, A. N. Khanaychenko Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Received by the Editor 15.11.2018; after revision 14.12.2018; accepted for publication 18.12.2018; published online 28.12.2018. The impact of different level of turbulence on developing eggs and prelarvae of the Black Sea turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus obtained from the pair of wild spawners at the end of natural spawning sea- son has been studied. The incubation was carried out at three different levels of turbulence generated by diffused aeration: without aeration (calm water), low aeration (34 ml per minute) and high aeration (75 ml per minute). In calm water hatching rate (HR) of turbot eggs was 20 % and the hatched prelarvae had the longest standard length (SL = 3.13 mm) and the biggest volume of the yolk sac (VYS = 0.37 mm³) as compared to those of low aeration (HR = 18 %; SL = 3.10 mm; VYS = 0.32 mm³) and high aera- tion conditions (HR = 14 %; SL = 3.10 mm; VYS = 0.29 mm³). One day after hatching the percentage of survived prelarvae from the number of hatched was the highest – 86 % at high aeration, compared with that of low aeration (72 %) and calm water (61 %).
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Fishes of Turkey: a Revised and Updated Annotated Checklist
    BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 9 (2): 141-157 ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2015 Article No.: 151306 http://biozoojournals.ro/bihbiol/index.html Freshwater fishes of Turkey: a revised and updated annotated checklist Erdoğan ÇIÇEK1,*, Sevil Sungur BIRECIKLIGIL1 and Ronald FRICKE2 1. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2. Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany, and Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. E-Mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author, E. Çiçek, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 24. August 2015 / Accepted: 16. October 2015 / Available online: 20. November 2015 / Printed: December 2015 Abstract. The current status of the inland waters ichthyofauna of Turkey is revised, and an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes is presented. A total of 368 fish species live in the inland waters of Turkey. Among these, 3 species are globally extinct, 5 species are extinct in Turkey, 28 species are non-native and 153 species are considered as endemic to Turkey. We recognise pronounced species richness and a high degree of endemism of the Turkish ichthyofauna (41.58%). Orders with the largest numbers of species in the ichthyofauna of Turkey are the Cypriniformes 247 species), Perciformes (43 species), Salmoniformes (21 species), Cyprinodontiformes (15 species), Siluriformes (10 species), Acipenseriformes (8 species) and Clupeiformes (8 species). At the family level, the Cyprinidae has the greatest number of species (188 species; 51.1% of the total species), followed by the Nemacheilidae (39), Salmonidae (21 species), Cobitidae (20 species), Gobiidae (18 species) and Cyprinodontidea (14 species).
    [Show full text]
  • ABNORMALITIES in the WEDGE SOLE Dicologlossa Cuneata (MOREAU, 1881) and BLACK SEA TURBOT Scophthalmus Maeoticus (PALLAS, 1814) from TURKISH SEAS
    Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 1(2): 98-103 (2015) E-ISSN 2149-0236 doi: 10.3153/JAEFR15010 ORIGINAL ARTICLE/ORİJİNAL ÇALIŞMA SHORT COMMUNICATION KISA MAKALE ABNORMALITIES IN THE WEDGE SOLE Dicologlossa cuneata (MOREAU, 1881) AND BLACK SEA TURBOT Scophthalmus maeoticus (PALLAS, 1814) FROM TURKISH SEAS Efe ULUTURK¹, Bahar BAYHAN¹, Halit FILIZ2, Deniz ACARLI3 and Erhan IRMAK4 1 Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir/Turkey 2 Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla/Turkey 3 Onsekiz Mart University, School of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale/Turkey 4 Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir/Turkey Corresponding author: Received: 14.05.2014 Efe ULUTÜRK, Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Accepted: 13.02.2015 İzmir/Turkey Published online: 20.02.2015 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Both color and morphological abnormalities on two different flatfish species [Dicologlossa cuneata (Mo- reau, 1881) and Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814)] have been recorded from Turkish seas. Ab- normal flatfish species, Dicologlossa cuneata (Mo- reau, 1881), wedge sole, was sampled from two dif- ferent localities in Aegean sea. First wedge sole from Izmir bay (Aegean sea) had three different colour ab- normalities (ambicoloration; albinism and xanthochro- ism) on eyed and blind sides of their body. Other ab- normal wedge sole specimen from Ekincik cove (Ae- gean sea) had ambicoloration on blind side of the body. Second abnormal flatfish species Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814), Black sea turbot, was caught from the Black sea coast of Istanbul and the specimen had totally ambicolored (blind side of the body was colored as like as eyed side) and morphological ab- normalities (a fleshy piece-hook-above the head).
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Cestodes of the Karadag Nature Reserve and Adjacent Water Areas of the Black Sea
    Морской биологический журнал, 2020, том 5, № 1, с. 50–63 Marine Biological Journal, 2020, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 50–63 https://mbj.marine-research.org; doi: 10.21072/mbj.2020.05.1.06 ИнБЮМ – IBSS ISSN 2499-9768 print / ISSN 2499-9776 online UDC 576.895.121:597.2/.5(262.5) FISH CESTODES OF THE KARADAG NATURE RESERVE AND ADJACENT WATER AREAS OF THE BLACK SEA © 2020 г. T. A. Polyakova A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Received by the Editor 08.07.2019; after revision 04.10.2019; accepted for publication 27.03.2020; published online 31.03.2020. The first data on marine fish parasites in Karadag nature reserve water area were published at the be- ginning of the 20ᵗʰ century. By the beginning of the 21ˢᵗ century, information on the fauna of cestodes in this area of the Black Sea included data on 19 species recorded in 24 fish species. However, taxon- omy of this class of helminths has changed significantly over the last decade, and regional fauna needs to be revised. The aim of this work is to revise the species composition of fish cestodes in the water area of the Karadag nature reserve and adjacent areas on the basis of new data obtained and in accordance with current systematics of Cestoda. The material for this study was the collections of cestodes gathered by the staff of IBSS RAS Environmental Parasitology Department in the area of the Karadag nature re- serve in different years, as well as our own collections of 1754 specimens of rays and teleosts of 53 species (2005–2018).
    [Show full text]