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I SPY: Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems

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I SPY: Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems I spy Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource This document is part of a larger publication “I Spy – Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and AboutEducational I SPY Resource” (ISBN 978-0-646-53795-5) produced under the © Department of Primary Industries andI Resources spy South This manual was compiled by: AustraliaI SPY (PIRSA)National forms and part the Invertebrate Departmentof the invertebrate of Agriculture Pest Initiativeidentification and (NIPI)Judy Bellati and , isSouth subject Australian to theResearch disclaimers and Food training(DAFWA)and package Westerncopyright developed Australia. of the for broadacrefull version crops from in the whichDevelopment it was Institute extracted. (SARDI); The remaining Insectssouthernsections and of western and Southern the grain full belt version regions Australian ofof Australia.this publication, Peter Broadacre Mangano as ,well Department Farmingas updates of Agriculture and Systems other and Food Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes Western Australia (DAFWA); I SPY haslegal been information, developed under thecan National be found Invertebrate at: http://www.grdc.com.au/i-spy-manual permittedPest Initiative by theIdentification Copyright (NIPI), a project Act 1968 funded (Commonwealth), through Manual the Grains andPaul Umina Education, CESAR, The University Resource of Melbourne; and no partResearch of this publication and Development (including Corporation images, photos (GRDC). and Ken Henry, South Australian Research and Development tables) may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any Institute (SARDI). form Ior SPY by highlightsany means, the electronic importance or otherwise, of insect identificationwithout the priorand writtenincludes permission key characteristics of Department used for of identificationPrimary Editing and graphic design provided by: IndustriesAboutof important South I SPY Australia insect (PIRSA)and other and Departmentarthropod ofgroups Angela Lush, lush logic and Agriculture(collectively and Food referred Western to as Australia invertebrates). (DAFWA). Kaylee Maitland, Lavaworks. I SPY forms part of the invertebrate identification ISBN:trainingThe 978-0-646-53795-5 packagefirst three developed sections for of broadacre I SPY provide crops in a the general Section six provides information on monitoring, southernintroduction and western and cover grain basic belt insect regions taxonomy, of Australia. external sampling techniques and economic thresholds. A crop I SPYanatomy, has been developedkey insect orders under theand National identification Invertebrate keys. monitoring record sheet is also provided, with checklists Pest Initiative (NIPI), a project funded through the Grains of insect species by crop type and stage. Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian 2012 Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). © Section four provides detailed information of key invertebrates that are likely to be found in broadacre Finally, I SPY concludes with a section from Plant Health I SPYcrops. highlights Each theinvertebrate importance group of insect (or identificationrelevant species) Australia (PHA) on the significance of biosecurity and and isincludes covered, key characteristicswith a detailed used description for identification of their surveillance, and our obligation to safeguard our industry 2010 of important insect and other arthropod groups © key characteristics, lifecycle, damage and specific for market access. (collectivelymanagement referred options to as invertebrates). that can be employed. This section also covers key biosecurity insect threats, with The anfirst emphasis three sectionson the ofdiagnostic I SPY provide characters a general used to Section six provides information on monitoring, introductiondifferentiate and covermajor basicbiosecurity insect peststaxonomy, from establishedexternal or sampling techniques and economic thresholds. A crop The development of this edition of I SPY has beenSouthern possible and western regions anatomy,native key pests. insect ordersThe anddevelopment identification of this keys. edition of I SPYmonitoring has been possible record sheetdue to is the also financial provided, with checklists due to the financialsupport supportof from: insect from: species by crop type and stage. Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian SectionIntegrated four providespest management detailed information (IPM) is ofdiscussed key invertebratesin section that five. are likelyI SPY to is be notfound designed in broadacre as an all Finally, I SPY concludes with a section from Plant Health crops.encompassing Each invertebrate IPM document group (or butrelevant rather species) as a base Australia (PHA) on the significance of biosecurity and is covered,level manual with thata detailedintroduces description the main components,of their surveillance, and our obligation to safeguard our industry key techniquescharacteristics, and toolslifecycle, of andamage IPM program. and specific It outlines for market access. managementmanagement options options that that can canbe beemployed. implemented This to sectionassist also you covers to reduce key biosecurity your reliance insect on threats,broad-spectrum with an emphasischemicals onfor thepest diagnosticcontrol in charactersyour cropping used system.to differentiateInsecticide major modes biosecurity of action andpests their from impacts established on natural or Southern and western regions nativeenemies pests. are listed, and an IPM decision-making flow chart is presented. Department of Integrated pest management (IPM) is discussed Agriculture and Food in section five. I SPY is not designed as an all encompassing IPM document but rather as a base Southern Australia includes the southern and western grain level manual that introduces the main components, growing regions. techniques and tools of an IPM program. It outlines © Notification of any errors or omissions are welcome through [email protected], 2010 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian management options that can be implemented to ii assist you to reduce your [email protected] on broad-spectrum or [email protected] SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION chemicals for pest control in your cropping system. cover.indd 3 Insecticide modes of action and their impacts on natural 5/08/2010 1:55:23 PM Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian i enemies are listed, and an IPM decision-making flow chartSECTION is presented. 1 INTRODUCTION cover.indd 2 5/08/2010 1:55:22 PM Southern Australia includes the southern and western grain growing regions. © 2010 ii SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION cover.indd 3 5/08/2010 1:55:23 PM SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial and Exotic Species Moths & Butterflies . .2 Armyworms . 4 Cutworms . 7 Budworms . 11 Legend Diamondback moth . 13 Lucerne seed web moth . 15 Crop type Beetles . 17. Cockchafers . 19 Cereals True wireworms . .22 False wireworms . 24 Canola (& Brassicas) Weevils . 26 Ladybird beetles . 2. 9 Pulses & legumes Carabid beetles (or Ground beetles) . 31 Pasture Bugs . .33 Figure 4.1 An example of an aphid lifecycle (Aphis sp.) . 35 Figure 4.2 Persistent versus non-persistent transmission of viruses . 36 Monitoring type Table 4.1 Some aphids known to transmit viruses in pulse crops . 36 Cereal aphids - Corn aphid, Oat aphid & Russian wheat aphid . .37 Observation Canola aphids - Cabbage aphid, Turnip aphid & Green peach aphid . 41 Pulse aphids - Blue green aphid, Pea aphid, Cow-pea aphid & Sweep net Green peach aphid . 43 Sunn pest . .45 Yellow sticky trap Damsel bugs (or Nabids) . 47 Predatory bugs - Predatory shield bugs and Assassin bugs . 49 Yellow pan trap Education Resource Manual and Identification Systems Farming Insects Broadacre of Southern Australian Flies . 50. Gall midges or Gall gnats - Hessian fly & Barley stem gall midge . .52 Digging Exotic leaf miners . 54 Hoverflies . .57 Pitfall trap Earwigs . .59 European earwig & Native earwigs . .60 Pheromone trap Springtails . .63 Light trap Lucerne flea . 63 Slugs & Snails . 65. Round snails - White Italian snail & Vineyard or common snail . 66 Insect status Conical snails - Small pointed snail & Pointed snail . .68 Slugs - Reticulated or grey field slug & Black-keeled slug . .70 pest = blue Mites . 72. beneficial = green Red legged earth mite, Blue oat mite, Balaustium mite & Bryobia mite or Clover mite . 72 biosecurity = red Figure 4.3 Typical lifecycle of redlegged earth mites in southern Australia . .75 Predatory Mites . 80. F = Family Wasps, Bees & Ants . .81 Wheat stem sawfly & European wheat stem sawfly . 82. SF = Superfamily Wasp parasitoids . 8. 4 Egg parasitoids . 87 Bees as pollinators . .89 Scale bar 10 mm 20 30 Lacewings & Antlions . .90 adult Green lacewings & Brown lacewings . 90. Maximum size shown Spiders . 92. for larva and adult More information . 93. © 2012 1 SECTION 4 COMMON PEST, BENEFICIAL AND EXOTIC SPECIES MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES (Order Lepidoptera) Lepidoptera - scale (lepi); covering wing (ptera) In Australia there are about 20,800 lepidopteran
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