Researching Colorado Resolutions and Memorials

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including referendums. Electronic copies are Figure 1: Online Database of Statewide Ballot Measures Dating Back to 1880, www.leg.state. Library (2002–12), and stream audio online available online from the Colorado Secretary of co.us/lcs/ballothistory.nsf. from the General Assembly’s Watch & Listen State’s Election Results Archives (1954–present)13 webpage (2012–present).35 For the historical Researching Colorado and the University of Denver Westminster Law researcher, however, joint memorials to the U.S. Library (1954–2012).14 Print copies are available Congress have the benefit of being included Resolutions and Memorials for public review at the Colorado Joint Legislative in the Congressional Record.36 Researchers Library,15 Colorado Supreme Court Library,16 interested in historical issues or trends can BY CHRIS HUDSON University of Colorado William A. Wise Law explore memorials from all 50 states by searching Library,17 and some public libraries. in this rich historical resource. Election results for the years 1902 forward At the end of each session, the clerk of the are also included in the Colorado Secretary of House and the secretary of the Senate select State’s election results archive.18 Most of the the resolutions and memorials that are to be ost researchers are well aware of Concurrent resolutions to amend the state documents are PDF scans of original print ma- published in the Colorado session laws.37 The the legislative process to create, constitution are by far the most common. The terials (Abstract of Votes and Blue Books), and session laws are available in searchable electronic amend, and repeal laws. Bills General Assembly passes them regularly to more recent election results are also available format for all 50 states from paid databases such that are passed by both cham- refer proposed constitutional amendments to in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet format. Print as HeinOnline.38 Searching in the electronic Mbers and approved by the governor become the voters (called referendums on the ballot). copies of the Abstract of Votes are available at versions of the session laws is an effective strategy acts that are codified and compiled into the Because they can affect the state constitution, the Joint Legislative Library (1892–current). to identify trends related to specific or general Colorado Revised Statutes. Bills that are not this type of concurrent resolution is of particular Finally, information on referred and initiated issues, locate resolutions or memorials related to passed, or are vetoed and not overridden, interest to practitioners and legal scholars. The measures is available in the General Assembly’s a specific issue or person, and examine specific die with the legislative session. Researching two other types of concurrent resolution are very Online Database of Statewide Ballot Measures spans of time (e.g., war years).39 the legislative history of a bill or act can be uncommon. To date, no constitutional conven- Dating Back to 1880.19 This useful database The Colorado session laws are available in rewarding. It can provide a window into the tions have been called (although at least three includes links to the text of all referred and both houses, and they are frequently used to Under the present rules, only Senate joint searchable electronic format for free from the legislators’ intent where the law is ambiguous, attempts have been made).5 And the General initiated ballot measures from 1880 forward. It communicate the General Assembly’s will to memorials may be used to memorialize the University of Colorado William A. Wise Law and it is an effective tool for uncovering the Assembly passed the last concurrent resolution also includes information on the type of change, state and federal agencies and departments, U.S. Congress. Joint or simple resolutions must Library (1861–1992)40 and as browseable PDF political and cultural atmospheres surrounding to ratify an amendment to the U.S. Constitution whether it was adopted or rejected, and the elected state and federal officials, and branches be used to memorialize any federal agency scans from the Colorado Office of Legislative historically significant legislation. A number in 1984, ratifying the 27th Amendment.6 percentage of Yes and No votes. (See Fig. 1.) of government other than the U.S. Congress.25 other than Congress or to express opinions to Legal Services (1993–present).41 Both of these of authorities have addressed the legislative The House and Senate rules treat concurrent Simple resolutions can pertain to all of the Congress that are introduced in the House.31 offerings provide a valuable public service. history research process.1 resolutions like bills in all respects, except for the Joint and Simple Resolutions same issues as joint resolutions, but they can only Historical researchers should note, however, that One particularly useful feature included in the Researchers may not be aware that, in ad- requirement of a two-thirds vote.7 Consequently, Joint resolutions may pertain to the transaction relate to the house where they are introduced.26 memorials to Congress were allowed from both Advanced Search function of the University of dition to bills, the legislature uses a number of researching a concurrent resolution is much of the business of both houses, the establishment Simple resolutions do not require the concurrence chambers under earlier rules.32 Joint memorials Colorado’s database is the ability to limit by year other measures to accomplish specific tasks. This like researching the legislative history of a bill.8 of committees composed of members of both of both houses, and they are often used to amend to Congress are an especially rich and untapped and/or document type. However, it should be article briefly examines concurrent resolutions, Unlike bills, however, concurrent resolutions houses, and the expression of the will of both House and Senate rules, transmit the will of vein of historical information. They express the noted that at the time of writing, resolutions and joint and simple resolutions, and joint and are not presented to the governor for approval.9 houses on any matter that is not the subject of the House or Senate to government agencies substantive will of state legislatures, and at least memorials were not included on the Legislative simple memorials. Understanding the purpose Concurrent resolutions to ratify amendments a tribute.20 Most joint resolutions “do not have or officials, and submit interrogatories to the two researchers have used them to “identify Legal Services’ page. of these legislative actions and how to research to the U.S. Constitution become effective upon the effect of law, and the General Assembly Colorado Supreme Court.27 state policy attention to federal agendas” over The session laws do not include resolutions them is important, especially when conducting passage by the General Assembly.10 And, pursu- cannot do by resolution that which can only be an extended period of time.33 and memorials that the legislature does not pass historical legal research. ant to Article XIX of the Colorado Constitution, done by law.”21 However, joint resolutions that Joint and Simple Memorials and those that are not selected for printing. Al- referred constitutional amendments and calls for are required by the constitution or statute to go The General Assembly uses memorials to express Research Tips though they did not become effective, researching Concurrent Resolutions a constitutional convention must be presented to the governor for approval do have the force its will to the U.S. Congress and to express senti- The same general research process is followed for measures that did not pass can uncover historically Colorado legislators use concurrent resolutions to the voters for approval or rejection at the next and effect of law.22 For example, CRS § 37-95- ment for the death of current or former members all types of resolutions and memorials. In most significant information. Likewise, measures that for three purposes: to propose amendments to general election.11 107.6(4)(b) requires additions or modifications of the General Assembly and other officials.28 respects, the process is the same as researching pass but were not selected for publication are also the state constitution,2 to call for a constitutional This adds one additional step to the usual to the water pollution control project eligibility House joint and simple memorials may only be the legislative history of a bill. Researchers can good sources of information.42 convention,3 and to ratify amendments to the legislative history research process—researching list to be approved by a joint resolution that is used to express sentiment for the death of former search the session laws for measures that passed The Colorado House and Senate journals U.S. Constitution.4 The classification of the the election and its results. In 1954, the Legisla- presented to the governor.23 or current General Assembly members.29 Senate and were selected for publication. They can use are the official record of the proceedings of the different types of resolutions and memorials is tive Council of the Colorado General Assembly Aptly described by the authors of the Colora- memorials may be used to express sentiment on the House and Senate journals to find measures General Assembly. They record all legislative found in Colorado House Rule 26 and Colorado began distributing information booklets to do Legislative Drafting Manual, joint resolutions the death of former General Assembly members, that failed or were not selected for printing. And, activity in chronological order. Tables found Senate Rule 30. The two rules are very similar registered voters.12 Commonly called the “Blue “are like ‘letters to Santa’—they are hoped for state officials, Colorado Supreme Court justices, for the years 1973 forward, they can obtain copies at the back of the print journals provide the in function; however, they provide for slightly Book,” the booklets contain an impartial anal- sentiments that often do not come true.”24 elected officials of other states or the United of audio recordings from the Colorado State complete history of every bill, resolution, and different procedures. ysis of each measure appearing on the ballot, Joint resolutions require the concurrence of States, and foreign dignitaries.30 Archives34 (1973–2012) and the Joint Legislative memorial considered during the session.

including referendums. Electronic copies are Figure 1: Online Database of Statewide Ballot Measures Dating Back to 1880, www.leg.state. Library (2002–12), and stream audio online available online from the Colorado Secretary of co.us/lcs/ballothistory.nsf. from the General Assembly’s Watch & Listen State’s Election Results Archives (1954–present)13 webpage (2012–present).35 For the historical Researching Colorado and the University of Denver Westminster Law researcher, however, joint memorials to the U.S. Library (1954–2012).14 Print copies are available Congress have the benefit of being included Resolutions and Memorials for public review at the Colorado Joint Legislative in the Congressional Record.36 Researchers Library,15 Colorado Supreme Court Library,16 interested in historical issues or trends can BY CHRIS HUDSON University of Colorado William A. Wise Law explore memorials from all 50 states by searching Library,17 and some public libraries. in this rich historical resource. Election results for the years 1902 forward At the end of each session, the clerk of the are also included in the Colorado Secretary of House and the secretary of the Senate select State’s election results archive.18 Most of the the resolutions and memorials that are to be ost researchers are well aware of Concurrent resolutions to amend the state documents are PDF scans of original print ma- published in the Colorado session laws.37 The the legislative process to create, constitution are by far the most common. The terials (Abstract of Votes and Blue Books), and session laws are available in searchable electronic amend, and repeal laws. Bills General Assembly passes them regularly to more recent election results are also available format for all 50 states from paid databases such that are passed by both cham- refer proposed constitutional amendments to in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet format. Print as HeinOnline.38 Searching in the electronic Mbers and approved by the governor become the voters (called referendums on the ballot). copies of the Abstract of Votes are available at versions of the session laws is an effective strategy acts that are codified and compiled into the Because they can affect the state constitution, the Joint Legislative Library (1892–current). to identify trends related to specific or general Colorado Revised Statutes. Bills that are not this type of concurrent resolution is of particular Finally, information on referred and initiated issues, locate resolutions or memorials related to passed, or are vetoed and not overridden, interest to practitioners and legal scholars. The measures is available in the General Assembly’s a specific issue or person, and examine specific die with the legislative session. Researching two other types of concurrent resolution are very Online Database of Statewide Ballot Measures spans of time (e.g., war years).39 the legislative history of a bill or act can be uncommon. To date, no constitutional conven- Dating Back to 1880.19 This useful database The Colorado session laws are available in rewarding. It can provide a window into the tions have been called (although at least three includes links to the text of all referred and both houses, and they are frequently used to Under the present rules, only Senate joint searchable electronic format for free from the legislators’ intent where the law is ambiguous, attempts have been made).5 And the General initiated ballot measures from 1880 forward. It communicate the General Assembly’s will to memorials may be used to memorialize the University of Colorado William A. Wise Law and it is an effective tool for uncovering the Assembly passed the last concurrent resolution also includes information on the type of change, state and federal agencies and departments, U.S. Congress. Joint or simple resolutions must Library (1861–1992)40 and as browseable PDF political and cultural atmospheres surrounding to ratify an amendment to the U.S. Constitution whether it was adopted or rejected, and the elected state and federal officials, and branches be used to memorialize any federal agency scans from the Colorado Office of Legislative historically significant legislation. A number in 1984, ratifying the 27th Amendment.6 percentage of Yes and No votes. (See Fig. 1.) of government other than the U.S. Congress.25 other than Congress or to express opinions to Legal Services (1993–present).41 Both of these of authorities have addressed the legislative The House and Senate rules treat concurrent Simple resolutions can pertain to all of the Congress that are introduced in the House.31 offerings provide a valuable public service. history research process.1 resolutions like bills in all respects, except for the Joint and Simple Resolutions same issues as joint resolutions, but they can only Historical researchers should note, however, that One particularly useful feature included in the Researchers may not be aware that, in ad- requirement of a two-thirds vote.7 Consequently, Joint resolutions may pertain to the transaction relate to the house where they are introduced.26 memorials to Congress were allowed from both Advanced Search function of the University of dition to bills, the legislature uses a number of researching a concurrent resolution is much of the business of both houses, the establishment Simple resolutions do not require the concurrence chambers under earlier rules.32 Joint memorials Colorado’s database is the ability to limit by year other measures to accomplish specific tasks. This like researching the legislative history of a bill.8 of committees composed of members of both of both houses, and they are often used to amend to Congress are an especially rich and untapped and/or document type. However, it should be article briefly examines concurrent resolutions, Unlike bills, however, concurrent resolutions houses, and the expression of the will of both House and Senate rules, transmit the will of vein of historical information. They express the noted that at the time of writing, resolutions and joint and simple resolutions, and joint and are not presented to the governor for approval.9 houses on any matter that is not the subject of the House or Senate to government agencies substantive will of state legislatures, and at least memorials were not included on the Legislative simple memorials. Understanding the purpose Concurrent resolutions to ratify amendments a tribute.20 Most joint resolutions “do not have or officials, and submit interrogatories to the two researchers have used them to “identify Legal Services’ page. of these legislative actions and how to research to the U.S. Constitution become effective upon the effect of law, and the General Assembly Colorado Supreme Court.27 state policy attention to federal agendas” over The session laws do not include resolutions them is important, especially when conducting passage by the General Assembly.10 And, pursu- cannot do by resolution that which can only be an extended period of time.33 and memorials that the legislature does not pass historical legal research. ant to Article XIX of the Colorado Constitution, done by law.”21 However, joint resolutions that Joint and Simple Memorials and those that are not selected for printing. Al- referred constitutional amendments and calls for are required by the constitution or statute to go The General Assembly uses memorials to express Research Tips though they did not become effective, researching Concurrent Resolutions a constitutional convention must be presented to the governor for approval do have the force its will to the U.S. Congress and to express senti- The same general research process is followed for measures that did not pass can uncover historically Colorado legislators use concurrent resolutions to the voters for approval or rejection at the next and effect of law.22 For example, CRS § 37-95- ment for the death of current or former members all types of resolutions and memorials. In most significant information. Likewise, measures that for three purposes: to propose amendments to general election.11 107.6(4)(b) requires additions or modifications of the General Assembly and other officials.28 respects, the process is the same as researching pass but were not selected for publication are also the state constitution,2 to call for a constitutional This adds one additional teps to the usual to the water pollution control project eligibility House joint and simple memorials may only be the legislative history of a bill. Researchers can good sources of information.42 convention,3 and to ratify amendments to the legislative history research process—researching list to be approved by a joint resolution that is used to express sentiment for the death of former search the session laws for measures that passed The Colorado House and Senate journals U.S. Constitution.4 The classification of the the election and its results. In 1954, the Legisla- presented to the governor.23 or current General Assembly members.29 Senate and were selected for publication. They can use are the official record of the proceedings of the different types of resolutions and memorials is tive Council of the Colorado General Assembly Aptly described by the authors of the Colora- memorials may be used to express sentiment on the House and Senate journals to find measures General Assembly. They record all legislative found in Colorado House Rule 26 and Colorado began distributing information booklets to do Legislative Drafting Manual, joint resolutions the death of former General Assembly members, that failed or were not selected for printing. And, activity in chronological order. Tables found Senate Rule 30. The two rules are very similar registered voters.12 Commonly called the “Blue “are like ‘letters to Santa’—they are hoped for state officials, Colorado Supreme Court justices, for the years 1973 forward, they can obtain copies at the back of the print journals provide the in function; however, they provide for slightly Book,” the booklets contain an impartial anal- sentiments that often do not come true.”24 elected officials of other states or the United of audio recordings from the Colorado State complete history of every bill, resolution, and different procedures. ysis of each measure appearing on the ballot, Joint resolutions require the concurrence of States, and foreign dignitaries.30 Archives34 (1973–2012) and the Joint Legislative memorial considered during the session.

NOTES Figure 2: 2016 House Journal index showing the progress of House Joint Resolution 16-1019. 1. Lewis and Dawkins, “Researching Legislative 13. Colorado Secretary of State, “Election Results 33. Leckrone and Gollob, “Telegrams to Washing- History,” 44 Colorado Lawyer 33 (Mar. 2015); Archives,” www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/ ton: Using Memorials to Congress as a Measure Hamilton, “Conducting Colorado Legislative Results/Archives.html. of State Attention to Federal Policy Agenda,” 42 History Research,” 37 Colorado Lawyer 113 (Aug. 14. University of Denver, Westminster Law Library, State and Local Government Review 235 (2010) 2008); “Uncovering Legislative History in Colo- “Colorado Legislative Council Publications,” www. (analyzing 4,119 memorials submitted to the rado,” 32 Colorado Lawyer 47 (Feb. 2003); Dong, law.du.edu/forms/library/clcsearch.cfm. In addi- United States Senate between 1986 and 2006). “Uncovering Colorado Legislative Law-Making tion to the Blue Book, the Legislative Council also 34. The Colorado State Archives is located in and Legislative Intent,” 25 Colorado Libraries 39 produces nonpartisan research publications on room 120 of the Centennial Building (1313 Sher- (1999). important legislation. The University of Denver’s man St., Denver, CO 80203; (303) 866-2358). 2. Colo. Const. art. XIX, § 2. Constitutional database includes all Legislative Council research 35. Colorado legislative session audio recordings amendments may be proposed by either house publications for the years 1954 through 2012. for the years 2011 forward can be streamed from and require a two-thirds vote in both houses 15. The Colorado Joint Legislative Library is the General Assembly’s Watch & Listen page, before they are submitted to voters for approval located in Room 48 of the Colorado State Capitol http://leg.colorado.gov/watch-listen. or rejection in the next general election. (200 E. Colfax Ave., Denver, CO 80203; (303) 36. The Congressional Record is the official 3. Colo. Const. art. XIX, § 1. A call for a constitu- 866-4011). record of the debates and proceedings of the tional convention requires a two-thirds vote in 16. The Colorado Supreme Court Library is U.S. Congress. It is available online for free from both houses to place the recommendation on located on the first floor of the Ralph L. Carr Congress.Gov (1995–present), www.congress. the ballot at the next general election for voter Colorado Judicial Center (2 E. 14th Ave., Denver, gov/congressional-record/about, and Govinfo approval. CO 80203; (720) 625-5100). (1961–70), www.govinfo.gov/features/crecb- 4. Colorado House Rule 26(a)(1); Colorado Senate 17. The William A. Wise Law Library is located in 1961-1970-now-available. It is also available from Figure 3: History summary for 2016 Senate Concurrent Resolution 16-002, Colorado related information depending on the year. The Rule 30(a)(1)(B). Colorado House and Senate the Wolf Law Building (2450 Kittredge Loop Rd., a number of paid databases: LexisNexis (1985– General Assembly Prior Session Information, www.leg.state.co.us/clics/cslFrontPages. Rules are available on the General Assembly’s Boulder, CO 80309; (303) 492-3522). present), Westlaw (1985–present), and ProQuest bill folders, in particular, should not be overlooked; website, https://leg.colorado.gov/house-senate- (1873–present). nsf/PrevSessionInfo?OpenForm. 18. “Election Results Archives,” supra note 13. they contain a wealth of information on all of the rules. 37. CRS § 24-70-223(1). 19. Colorado General Assembly, Online Database 5. See Oesterle and Collins, The Colorado Con- bills, resolutions, and memorials introduced in a of Statewide Ballot Measures Dating Back to 38. HeinOnline’s Session Laws Library includes stitution 396 n.1634 (2002) (“In 1915 the general session, including links to the different versions of 1880, www.leg.state.co.us/lcs/ballothistory.nsf. “exact replications of the official bound session assembly voted to call a convention. . . . The laws of all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin 20. Colorado Senate Rule 30(b); Colorado House the bill or measure, fiscal notes, committee reports, governor vetoed the resolution, but the supreme Islands” (1717–present). HeinOnline, “Session court held the measure not subject to veto. Rule 26(a)(2). votes, and a summarized history. (See Fig. 3.) Laws Library,” http://heinonline.org/HeinDocs/ People v. Ramer, [160 P. 1032 (Colo. 1916)]. Two 21. Office of Legislative Legal Services, Colorado DigitalSessionLaws.pdf. later resolutions passed without interference by Legislative Drafting Manual 10-4 (2017) (ebook), 39. HeinOnline’s Session Laws library is an the governor. The voters rejected all calls; the https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/ excellent tool for simultaneously searching the Conclusion only vote that was close was 1930.”) (internal drafting-manual-20170412.pdf. The Colorado session laws of multiple states. A keyword search Colorado’s history is discoverable in many veins. citations omitted). Legislative Drafting Manual is intended primarily for the word “japan!” limited to the years 1939 to for legislative drafters in the Office of Legislative Resolutions and memorials are grounds that are 6. HCR 84-1008, 54th Gen. Assem., 1984 Colo. 1945 yields 87 results from 32 states including Legal Services. However, it is an essential Sess. Laws 1151. 1939 Colorado House Memorial No. 1 (memorializ- rich with potential. They can be used to research resource for anyone interested in Colorado 7. Colorado House Rule 26(b); Colorado Senate ing Congress to terminate the selling of munitions legislative processes and procedures. the history of referred amendments to the state Rule 30(a)(2). and war materials to Japan). HM 39-01, 32nd Gen. 22. Id. constitution, as well as proposed amendments 8. See supra note 1. To comply with the open Assem., 1939 Colo. Sess. Laws 682. 23. CRS § 37-95-107.6(4)(b). that were voted down and those that did not pass meetings requirement of the Colorado Sunshine 40. The Wise Law Library’s Colorado Session Act of 1972, the General Assembly audio records 24. Colorado Legislative Drafting Manual, supra Laws database is a digital replica of the print ses- out of the General Assembly. They can be used to legislative action during each session. See CRS §§ note 21 at 10-4. sion laws. University of Colorado, William A. Wise track the will of the legislature broadly on issues 24-6-401 et seq. Listening to the audio record- 25. For example, in 2016 the General Assembly Law Library, “Colorado Session Laws,” https:// ings of legislative testimony and floor debate is passed Senate Joint Resolution 16-020 to inform lawlibrary.colorado.edu/colorado-session-laws. such as pollution, and to research specific topics an important step in researching the legislative the U.S. State Department, Bureau of Land 41. Colorado General Assembly, Office of such as the designation of a memorial highway. history of bills, acts, resolutions, and memorials Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Legislative Legal Services, “Session Laws introduced after 1973. Concurrent resolutions to They are a source of interesting biographical of issues with noxious weeds spreading from Archive,” https://leg.colorado.gov/agencies/ amend the constitution often include testimony, national wildlife refuges in Colorado onto private office-legislative-legal-services/session-laws- information on former legislators and officials, amendments, and floor debate. Recordings land and to request that the federal government archive. are available from the Colorado State Archives provide funding for their control. SJR 16-020, 42. For example, in 2016 the following Senate and they can be used to examine legal and (1973–2012), Colorado Joint Legislative Library 70th Gen. Assem., 2016 Colo. Sess. 2228. joint resolutions were adopted but were not (2002–12), and the General Assembly Watch & The numbers in the tables reference the page is currently much more convenient in the cultural trends between states and over time. 26. House Rule 26(a)(3); Senate Rule 30(c). selected for printing: SJR 16-001, SJR 16-004, Listen page (streaming 2012 forward). numbers in the journal where the action is print volumes. Print copies of the journals are Researchers desiring assistance are encouraged 27. For example, the House passed resolution 1016 SJR 16-007 to 010, SJR 16-012 to 019, SJR 16-021 9. See People ex. Rel. Stewart v. Ramer, 160 during the 1981 session to request the Colorado to 031, and SJR 16-033. recorded. (See Fig. 2.) available for public use at the Joint Legislative to contact the information professionals at any P. 1032 (Colo. 1916) (“That which the General Supreme Court’s opinion on the constitutionality 43. Colorado General Assembly, “Prior Session Assembly is authorized to do by article XIX, Electronic versions of the House and Senate Library, Colorado Supreme Court Library, Wise of the institutions mentioned above. of Senate Bill No. 38, A Bill for an Act Concerning Information,” www.leg.state.co.us/clics/ relative to initiating proceedings to amend or Obscenity. HR 81-1016, 53rd Gen. Assem., 1981 cslFrontPages.nsf/PrevSessionInfo?OpenForm. journals are available on the “Prior Sessions” Law Library, and Colorado State Archives. change the fundamental law, is its business solely, Colo. Sess. Laws 2126. page of the General Assembly’s website for the While not ideal for conducting historical Chris Hudson is the deputy librarian with which the executive has nothing whatever 28. Colorado Legislative Drafting Manual, supra 43 for the Colorado Supreme Court. He to do.”). years 1998 forward. However, downloadable research in the journals, it should be noted that note 21 at 10-5. received his JD from the University 10. See Prior v. Nolan, 188 P. 729 (Colo. 1920) (the “Cumulative Searchable” journals are only the General Assembly’s Prior Sessions page is 29. House Rule 26(a)(4). of Colorado School of Law and his General Assembly has the sole power to ratify available beginning in 2009. In earlier years, perhaps the single most important source of MLIS from the University of Denver— amendments to the U.S. Constitution). 30. Senate Rule 30(d). access is to PDF scans of individual calendar online Colorado legislative information for the (720) 625-5104, christopher.hudson@judicial. 11. Colo. Const. art. XIX. 31. Colorado Legislative Drafting Manual, supra note 21 at 10-5. days that are not conveniently searchable, and years it covers (1997–present). The page includes state.co.us. 12. Colorado General Assembly, “Ballot Analysis Process: Process for Writing the Ballot Informa- 32. See “Rules and Orders of the House,” the history tables are not included. Conducting access to committee summaries, status sheets, Coordinating Editor: Robert Linz, robert.linz@ tion Booklet,” http://leg.colorado.gov/content/ reprinted in Corbett, The Legislative Manual of the State of Colorado 261–68 (1877). research in the House and Senate journals legislative directories, bill folders, and other colorado.edu ballot-analysis-process.

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