DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Author Version (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Author Version (PDF) Chemical Society Reviews Near Infrared light responsive nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics Journal: Chemical Society Reviews Manuscript ID: CS-REV-01-2014-000011.R1 Article Type: Review Article Date Submitted by the Author: 07-Mar-2014 Complete List of Authors: Shanmugam, Vijayakumar; National Cheng Kung University, Department of Chemistry Selvakumar, Subramanian; National Cheng Kung University, Department of Chemistry Yeh, Chen-Sheng; National Cheng Kung University, Department of Chemistry Page 1 of 36 Chemical Society Reviews Journal Name ARTICLE Near-infrared light-responsive nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics Vijayakumar Shanmugam ‡ S. Selvakumar ‡ and Chen-Sheng Yeh* Noninvasive techniques, such as breath tests (urea breath test), blood pressure measurements using a sphygmomanometer, and electrocardiography, were employed by a physician to perform classical diagnosis. The use of state-of-the-art noninvasive therapies at the organ level in modern medicine has gradually become possible. However, cancer treatment demands for spatially and temporally controlled noninvasive therapy at the cell level because nonspecific toxicity often causes complicated side effects. To increase survival in cancer patients further, combination therapy and combination drugs are explored which demand for high specificity to avoid combined drug side effects. We believe that high specificity could be obtained by implementing near-infrared (NIR) light-assisted nanoparticles in photothermal therapy, chemotherapy-, and photodynamic therapy. To refine this therapy and subsequently achieve high efficiency, novel nanomaterials have been designed and modified either to enhance the uptake and drug delivery to the cancer site, or control treatment to administer therapy efficiently. These modifications and developments have been demonstrated to achieve special and temporal control when conducting an in vivo xenograft, because the NIR light effectively penetrated the biological tissue. The nanoplatforms discussed in this review are grouped under the following subheadings: Au nanorods (NRs), Au nanoshells, other Au-related nanomaterials, graphene oxide, upconversion nanoparticles, and other related materials (including materials such as CuS, Fe 3O4-related systems, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)). A. Introduction the direct effect of these particles on heat delivery to the site, when illuminated using an NIR laser for PTT, these heat-transducing Cancer is a serious disease that challenges the survival of nanoparticles can also demonstrate controlled drug release through people in all age groups, especially those living in developed the transduction of heat to the thermoresponsive drug reservoirs, countries. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that can occur such as polymers and supramolecules, coated on heat-transducing in any type of tissue, and at the later stage begins to migrate and nanoparticles. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can transport the relocate to noncancerous tissue. This spread of cancer is called photodynamic agent, so that the NIR can be additively used for metastasis. Therefore, treating cancer at the early stage is optimal. photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT involves using the reactive However, the only treatment option is to kill the cancer cells, which oxygen species (ROS) to kill the cancer cells, which is produced could result in detrimental consequences. If the cancer cells are not from the photodynamic agent. 2,3 The light is nontoxic when not killed, then the cancer spreads, but if the cancer cells are killed, combined with the photodynamic agent; similarly, the photodynamic healthy cells are likely to be damaged as well. Consequently, agent is nontoxic when not combined with the excitation energy of selectively killing the cancer cells without damaging healthy light. Thus, phototoxicity can be performed and controlled externally noncancerous cells is challenging, but can be accomplished by using using these nanoplatforms to avoid collateral damage, which is a nanotechnology. In classical terms, nanotechnology can be used to serious side effect of cancer chemotherapy. For example, the transport drugs to a specific site using specific markers. However, indocyanine green (ICG) photodynamic agent requires low these markers are not unique to the cancer cells; they are excitation energy and, thus, can be excited using an NIR laser. overexpressed, which also happens in pluripotent or young healthy Consequently, ICG can be loaded into a transducer, such as nanorod cells as well. Hence this marker-assisted deliver has a chance to get (NR), to implement the NIR laser in performing PTT using the NR misdirected. Therefore, using external stimulation to control the and PDT from ICG. This combination therapy enhances the release of drugs systemically is the goal in developing next- therapeutic effects of the treatment. However, not all photodynamic generation treatment. This can be accomplished by using optical agents exhibit a similar low excitation-energy requirement because nanoparticles exhibiting near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. As water most efficient ROS producers require the presence of high-energy and blood cells absorb NIR hardly, NIR can penetrate the tissue to photons in the visible wavelength, which cannot penetrate the tissue reach the deeply placed optically sensitive nanoparticles. The effectively. In this context, recently developed upconversion penetrating NIR radiation can be transduced into local heat by the nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a promising candidate for overcoming nanoparticles; consequently, this heat can be envisaged for the this limitation by providing high energy from the incident NIR photothermal therapy (PTT). Otherwise, potentially harsh traditional energy through upconversion. Thus, these UCNPs have given hyperthermia methods such as using a hot-water bath, heated blood clinical hope for PDT. perfusion, or an electromagnetic approach were used. 1 In addition to However, this NIR-assisted therapy may still be challenged in the clinical setting by the technique of stimulating the tumors located deep in the tissues. Numerous studies have Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and emphasized the strategy of reaching deep-seated tumors using Engineering,National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701, Taiwan optical fibers. Recently, Batia et al . implanted an NIR source to E-mail: [email protected] irradiate deep-seated tumors for performing PTT using NRs as ‡ These authors contributed equally photothermal antenna. 4 Therefore, the use of this class of nanomaterials will change cancer therapy radically in the near future. In this review, we identified the potential NIR-absorbing This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 J. Name ., 2012, 00 , 1-3 | 1 Chemical Society Reviews Page 2 of 36 ARTICLE Journal Name nanomaterials used for PTT, drug delivery, and PDT, from the biocompatibility and conjugation of the targeting proteins or literatures and discussed the ability of these nanomaterials to treat peptides for enhancing uptake and increasing PTT efficiency; (2) the various cancers using modified nanoplatforms according to tumor mechanism of Au NRs-assisted PTT involving membrane targeting specificity to improve the efficiency of the treatment. The permeability, the influx of the cation, and actin damage; and (3) Au nanoplatforms discussed are grouped under the following NRs in conjugation with other functional nanoparticles were subheadings: Au NRs, Au nanoshells, other Au-related nanomaterials, designed to produce multifunctionalities. graphene oxide, UCNPs, and other related materials (including 10 materials such as CuS, Fe 3O4-related systems, and carbon nanotubes Huang et al. studied the applications of Au NRs in (CNT)). The aim of this review is to provide a summary of imaging and PTT. In this trial, Au NRs were synthesized using seed- nanoplatforms, their modifications, and their efficiency in producing mediated method with the assistance of CTAB. Au NRs coated with a photo-induced therapeutic effect. a CTAB bilayer were masked using poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polymer through electrostatic attraction. To conduct in vitro imaging B. Au nanorod and therapy, both human oral squamous cell carcinomas (HOC 313 clone 8 and HSC 3) and the human keratinocyte nonmalignant oral B.1. Properties and synthesis epithelial cell line (HaCat) were used. Because the malignant cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the PSS- Au NR is an attractive nanostructure that demonstrates coated Au NRs were coated with targeting antiEGFR antibodies to unique optical behaviour. This optical behaviour is caused by the form antiEGFR-Au NRs. In the light-scattering image, the anisotropic structure that comprises the plasmon cloud located on antiEGFR-Au NRs showed greater uptake on the malignant cell line two axes, one on the transverse axis and the other on the longitudinal than on the nonmalignant cells. This is due to the difference in axis. The transverse band oscillates in resonance with high-energy EGFR targeting to the malignant cells and passive uptake in the visible electromagnetic waves at 500 nm and the longitudinal band nonmalignant cells. This was also confirmed by the increase in the oscillates in resonance toward the low-energy NIR range. This extinction intensity measured by comparing the malignant cells with longitudinal range can be tuned by changing the aspect ratio. the nonmalignant cells. In PTT, the malignant cells incubated with Generally, Au NRs synthesized
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dosimetry of Brachytherapy Using Radioactive Nanoparticles: in Silico
    ESCOLA DE ENGENHARIA DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA NUCLEAR PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS E TÉCNICAS NUCLEARES UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS Baljeet Seniwal Dosimetry of Brachytherapy using Radioactive Nanoparticles: In silico Belo Horizonte May 2021 BALJEET SENIWAL Dosimetry of Brachytherapy using Radioactive Nanoparticles: In silico Thesis presented to the Postgraduate Course in Nuclear Sciences and Techniques at the School of Engineering of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, as a partial requirement to obtain the title of Doctor in Nuclear Sciences and Techniques Concentration area: Radiation Sciences Promoter: Prof. Telma C. F. Fonseca, PhD Co-Promoter: Prof. Jan Schuemann, PhD Line of Research: Applications of Radiation to Biomed- ical Sciences Belo Horizonte 2021 Seniwal, Baljeet. S477d Dosimetry of brachytherapy using radioactive nanoparticles [recurso eletrônico] : in silico / Baljeet Seniwal. - 2021. 1 recurso online (xxiv, 143 f. : il., color.) : pdf. Orientadora: Telma C. F. Fonseca. Coorientador: Jan Schuemann. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia. Anexos: f. 112-143. Bibliografia: f. 104-111. Exigências do sistema: Adobe Acrobat Reader. 1. Engenharia nuclear - Teses. 2. Braquiterapia - Teses. 3. Método de Monte Carlo - Teses. I. Fonseca, Telma Cristina Ferreira. II. Schuemann, Jan. III. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Engenharia. IV. Título. CDU: 621.039(043) Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo bibliotecário Reginaldo Cesar Vital dos Santos CRB/6 2165 Biblioteca Prof. Mário Werneck, Escola de Engenharia da UFMG To my Family and my Supervisor Acknowledgements I am indebted to many people who helped me through this journey of Ph.D. research. Without their help, this work would never see light.
    [Show full text]
  • | Ana Maria Titat De La Timurni
    |ANA MARIATITAT DEUS009974870B2 LA TIMURNI (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 9 , 974 ,870 B2 Achilefu et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: May 22, 2018 ( 54 ) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR 6 , 106 , 866 A 8 / 2000 Ranney TREATMENT AND IMAGING USING 6 ,127 ,339 A 10 / 2000 Hatanaka et al . 2006 / 0019876 A1 1 / 2006 Faulk NANOPARTICLES 2007 /0218049 AL 9 /2007 Chen et al. 2007 /0292353 A1 12 / 2007 Levy et al . (71 ) Applicant: Washington University, St. Louis , MO 2009 /0202650 A18 / 2009 Hwu et al . (US ) 2009 /0220430 A1 * 9 /2009 Rajopadhye . .. A61K 47 /48338 424 / 9 . 6 2010 /0209479 Al 8 / 2010 Carroll et al. (72 ) Inventors : Samuel Achilefu , St. Louis , MO (US ) ; 2012 /0101427 Al 4 /2012 Farmer et al . Kvar Black , St. Louis , MO (US ) 2012 /0220870 A18 /2012 Gambhir et al . 2012 /0282185 AL 11/ 2012 Dobson et al . ( 73 ) Assignee : WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY , St . 2013 / 0017266 A11 / 2013 Ogino et al. Louis , MO (US ) 2013 /0137916 Al 5 / 2013 Goer 2017 /0007724 A11 /2017 Achilefu et al. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days. days . WO 2015183346 A2 12 / 2015 ( 21 ) Appl. No. : 14 /734 , 761 OTHER PUBLICATIONS ( 22 ) Filed : Jun . 9 , 2015 Shi et al , Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2012, vol. 134 , pp . 17972 - 17981. * (65 ) Prior Publication Data Zhang et al ., “ Actiavtable Molecular Systems Using Homologous US 2015 / 0352234 A1 Dec. 10 , 2015 Near - Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Enzyme Activities in Vitro , in Cellulo , and in Vivo ," Molecular Pharmaceutics, Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiometric Methods for Measuring and Modeling Multiphase Systems
    Radiometric Methods for Measuring and Modeling Multiphase Systems Report of the 3rd RCM of the CRP F2.20.60, April 11-15, 2016 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria FOREWORD The third Research Coordination Meeting (RCM) of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Radiometric Methods for Measuring and Modeling Multiphase Systems towards Industrial Processes was held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Head Quarters, Vienna, Austria from 11-15 April 2016. The Chief Scientific Investigators of all research contracts and agreements under the CRP participated in the meeting. Four research agreement holders from Norway, France, Poland and Korea provided assistance to the other RCM participants with their expertise and know-how. The twelve research contract holders from Brazil, Cuba, China, Ghana, Malaysia, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Tunisia, Vietnam, India and Peru are with recognized experience in radiotracer and nucleonic measurement systems technologies. Multiphase flow systems are widely used in industrial and environmental processes, and widespread throughout chemical processing, mineral processing, oil production, wastewater treatment, sediment and solids transport, and many others. Optimized design and scale-up of these multiphase flow systems are important in ensuring enhanced performance, economic viability and environmental acceptability. The third RCM is organized to make a final review of the activities performed and progress achieved by all the participants of CRP, to draft and adopt the final meeting report and to finalise the CRP document to be published as a Radiation Technology Series.
    [Show full text]
  • Radionuclide Therapy Using 131I-Labeled Anti-Epidermal Growth
    J Cancer Res Clin Oncol (2016) 142:619–632 DOI 10.1007/s00432-015-2067-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE – CANCER RESEARCH Radionuclide therapy using 131I‑labeled anti‑epidermal growth factor receptor‑targeted nanoparticles suppresses cancer cell growth caused by EGFR overexpression Wei Li1 · Zhongyun Liu2 · Chengxia Li1 · Ning Li1 · Lei Fang3 · Jin Chang3 · Jian Tan1 Received: 7 July 2015 / Accepted: 23 October 2015 / Published online: 16 November 2015 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Results The EGFR-targeted nanoparticle EGFR–BSA– Introduction Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor PCL and the non-targeted nanoparticle BSA–PCL were con- (EGFR)-targeted nanoparticles can be used to deliver a structed; the effective diameters were approximately 100 nm. therapeutic and imaging agent to EGFR-overexpressing The results from flow cytometry and confocal microscopy tumor cells. 131I-labeled anti-EGFR nanoparticles derived revealed significant uptake of EGFR–BSA–PCL in EGFR- from cetuximab were used as a tumor-targeting vehicle in overexpressing tumor cells. Compared with EGFR–BSA– radionuclide therapy. PCL, BSA–PCL could also bind to cells, but tumor cell Methods This paper describes the construction of the retention was minimal and weak. In MTT assays, the EGFR- anti-EGFR nanoparticle EGFR–BSA–PCL. This nanopar- targeted radioactive nanoparticle 131I–EGFR–BSA–PCL ticle was characterized for EGFR-targeted binding and cel- showed greater cytotoxicity and targeted cell killing than the lular uptake in EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells by using non-targeted nanoparticle 131I–BSA–PCL. The radioiodine flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Anti-EGFR and uptake of both 131I-labeled nanoparticles, 131I–EGFR–BSA– non-targeted nanoparticles were labeled with 131I using the PCL and 131I–BSA–PCL, was rapid and reached maximal chloramine-T method.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Radiotracer Technology for Process Optimizations in Chemical Industries – a Review
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews (PJSRR - Universiti Putra Malaysia,... PJSRR (2016) 2(3): 20-46 eISSN: 2462-2028 © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews http://www.pjsrr.upm.edu.my/ Industrial Radiotracer Technology for Process Optimizations in Chemical Industries – A Review Mohd Amirul Syafiq MOHD YUNOSa,b*, Siti Aslina HUSSAINb, Hamdan MOHAMED YUSOFFb, Jaafar ABDULLAHa aMalaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia bFaculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]*, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - Radioisotope techniques are constantly and extensively used all over the world as a method to identify process systems malfunctions in various industries without requiring the shut down of the processing plant thus leading to high economical benefits to the plant owner. Different aspects of industrial radiotracer technology for troubleshooting, process control and optimization are evaluated through an exhaustive literature survey. The review covers the advantages of radiotracers, most commonly used radiotracers in industry for specific studies, applications of radiotracer techniques in various chemical industries, the design of radiotracer technology experiments, radiation detection and data acquisition in radiotracer technology as well as radiological safety aspects. Two industrial radiotracer techniques of residence time distribution (RTD) measurements and radioactive particle tracking (RPT) are discussed. The design of radiotracer technology experiments are also divided into two categories - radioactive particle tracking applications and residence time distribution applications. Keyword: Industrial radiotracer, Industrial process, Process optimization, Residence time distribution, Radioactive particle tracking.
    [Show full text]
  • Radioimmunotherapy with Radioactive Nanoparticles: Biological Doses and Treatment Efficiency for Vascularized Tumors with Or Without a Central Hypoxic Area ͒ V
    Radioimmunotherapy with radioactive nanoparticles: Biological doses and treatment efficiency for vascularized tumors with or without a central hypoxic area ͒ V. Bouchata and V. E. Nuttens Research Center in Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), Laboratoire d’Analyses par Réactions Nucléaires (LARN), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium C. Michiels Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium B. Masereel Department of Pharmacy (DP), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium O. Feron Unité de Pharmacothérapie (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 53, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium B. Gallez Laboratoire de Resonance Magnétique Biomédicale (CMFA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 73, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium T. Vander Borght Center for Molecular Imaging and Experimental Radiotherapy (IRME), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Dr. G. Therasse 1, B-5530 Yvoir, Belgium S. Lucas Research Center in Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), Laboratoire d’Analyses par Réactions Nucléaires (LARN), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium ͑Received 7 September 2009; revised 23 February 2010; accepted for publication 1 March 2010; published 29 March 2010͒ Purpose: Radioactive atoms attached to monoclonal antibodies are used in radioimmunotherapy to treat cancer while limiting radiation to healthy tissues. One limitation of this method is that only one radioactive atom is linked to each antibody and the deposited dose is often insufficient to eradicate solid and radioresistant tumors. In a previous study, simulations with the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended code showed that physical doses up to 50 Gy can be delivered inside tumors by replacing the single radionuclide by a radioactive nanoparticle of 5 nm diameter containing hundreds of radioactive atoms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toxicity of Thorium Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated With
    International Journal of Medical Laboratory 2014;1(1):36-45. Original Article Toxicity of Thorium Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated with Folic acid and Antibody on the Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Normal Persons Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam1M.D., Ali Jebali1*Ph.D. 1 Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. A B S T R A C T Article history Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to synthesize antibody-conjugated Received 27 Oct 2014 radioactive(thorium oxide) nanoparticles (ACRNPs) and folic acid-conjugated Accepted 30 Nov 2014 Available online 17 Dec radioactive nanoparticles (FACRNPs). 2014 Materials and Methods: After synthesis of nanoparticles, blood samples from CLL Keywords Chronic Lymphocytic patients and normal subjects were obtained, and their mononuclear cells were isolated Cytotoxicity Detection by Ficoll method. To evaluate cytotoxicity, serial concentrations of ACRNPs and Nanoparticle FACRNPs were separately added to cancerous and normal mononuclear cells, Thorium oxide incubated for 12 hours at 37 ºC, and then different assays including MTT, MTS, cell metabolic, and ATP assay were carried out. On the other hand, the mononuclear cells were captured by anti-CD20 antibody in the polystyrene tube, and then ACRNPs and FACRNPs were separately added to them. After washing, the radioactivity (counts per minute (CPM)) of each tube was read. Downloaded from ijml.ssu.ac.ir at 10:27 IRST on Monday October 11th 2021 Results: The images obtained from electron microscopy showed that both ACRNPs and FACRNPs were spherical with the same size (near 50 nm). This study obviously demonstrated a direct relationship between CPM and concentration of ACRNPs and FACRNPs in both cancerous and normal samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Netic Resonance Imaging
    CANADIAN MEDICAL PHYSICS NEWSLETTER Le BULLETIN CANADIEN InterACTIONS de PHYSIQUE MÉDICALE Detection of Lung Remodelling following Radiation Therapy using Hyperpolarized 3He Mag- netic Resonance Imaging PUBLICATIONS MAIL AGREEMENT NO. 40049361 RETURN UNDELIVERABLE CANADIAN ADDRESSES TO: COMP/CCPM Office PO Box 72024 Kanato North RPO OTTAWA, ON K2K 2P4 CANADA A publication of the Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists and the Canadian College of Physicists in Medicine http://www.medphys.ca ISSN 1488-6839 56 (3) juillet/July 2010 PTW AD ALREADY UP- LOADED 70 56(3) juillet/July Canadian Medical Physics Newsletter / Le bulletin canadien de physique médicale InterACTIONS Volume 56, Number 3– juillet/July 2010 73 Message from the COMP President— Peter McGhee 74 Message from the CCPM President— Dave Wilkins 75 Message from the Executive Director— Nancy Barrett 76 CNSC Feedback Forum— Submission of Annual Compliance Reports Kavita Murthy, Director 77 Feature Article: Detection of Lung Remodelling following Radiation Therapy using Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging L. Mathew, S. Gaede, A. Wheatley, R. Etemad-Rezai, G. Rodrigues and G. Parraga 79 Coeff6 – A Tool for Radiation Physics — Jack Cunningham 80 Book Review: Clinical Dosimetry Measurements in Radiotherapy—Alasdair Syme 85 Report of the 2009 Harold E. Johns Travel Award Visit Hyperpolarized Gas Magnetic Resonance Lung Imaging at the Robarts Research In- stitute in London, Ontario — Dr. Atiyah Yahya 88 Laptops for Kenya — Marija Popovic 89 NSERC opening up for Medical Physics — David W O Rogers and William Whelan 91 Interesting Things Medical Physicists Do: Swords into Ploughshares?! — Alex Vitkin 93 Easy Particle Propagation — Jonas Lippuner 94 Editor’s Note — Idris Elbakri Cover Image Hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are being developed in a handful of respiratory and MR centres to provide a quantitative method for the measurement of lung function and tissue microstructure by exploiting the diffusion properties of 3He.
    [Show full text]
  • For Personal Use Only
    26 May 2011 The Manager Company Announcements Office Australian Securities Exchange Limited 20 Bridge Street Sydney NSW 2000 Managing Directors Report Good morning ladies and gentlemen. As your Managing Director I warmly welcome you to Cyclopharm’s 2011 Annual General Meeting located here on the beautiful campus of Macquarie University, both the home of Macquarie University Hospital and The Australian School of Advanced Medicine. This is our first AGM located in New South Wales. In having the meeting here your board believed it was an ideal opportunity to show you the fruits of our labor. Across the street is located a couple of other firsts as well. Located on Basement 2 is our first cyclotron facility, CycloPet, and on the ground floor you can find our first medical imaging joint venture, Macquarie Medical Imaging. Following the formal meeting today, I welcome you all to join me on a tour of the facilities that your continued support has made possible. I am certain you will be impressed with what you see. Since 1986, our company has been saving lives every day. Your company was founded and continues to leverage off the global success of Technegas; however, the company’s transformation that we delivered in 2010 through diversification can best be summarised by stating that we are no longer a one product company. In addition to Technegas, we are now involved in the radiopharmaceutical production of isotopes used in Positron Emission Tomography or PET. The third development in our diversification evolution is our involvement in the Joint Venture MMI, a comprehensive imaging practice that also includes interventional radiology.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0013775 A1 Kotov (43) Pub
    US 2005OO13775A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0013775 A1 Kotov (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 20, 2005 (54) BIOCONJUGATES OF NANOPARTICLES AS (60) Provisional application No. 60/208,631, filed on Jun. RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS 1, 2000. (76) Inventor: Nicholas A. Kotov, Superior, MI (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. ................................................. A61K 51/00 FELLERS SNDER BLANKENSHIP (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................................. 424/1.11 BALEY & TIPPENS THE KENNEDY BUILDING (57) ABSTRACT 321 SOUTH BOSTON SUTE 800 Abioconjugate including a nanoparticle covalently linked to TULSA, OK 74103-3318 (US) a biological vector molecule. The nanoparticle is a generally radioactive metal ion and most typically a metal Sulfide or (21) Appl. No.: 10/774,332 metal oxide. The biological vector molecule is typically a monoclonal antibody or fragment of a monoclonal antibody (22) Filed: Feb. 6, 2004 or a peptide having a known affinity to cancer cells. One or more additional, different biological moieties may be covalently linked to the nanoparticle in addition to the Related U.S. Application Data biological vector molecule to enhance its activity. The bioconjugate of the present invention has utility as an (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/871,166, effective radiopharmaceutical to deliver a radiolabel in filed on May 31, 2001, now Pat. No. 6,689,338. tumor treatment. Patent Application Publication Jan. 20, 2005 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2005/0013775 A1 us 5 S s5 '. 9 5 O - G on I Q O (N r O S 2. N \ y 6 - Patent Application Publication Jan. 20, 2005 Sheet 2 of 3 US 2005/0013775 A1 Lys-NH2 Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Report (Pdf)
    Radiometric Methods for Measuring and Modeling Multiphase Systems Report of the 1 st RCM of the CRP F2.20.60, October 15-19, 2012 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Radioisotopes Products and Radiation Technology Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria FOREWORD The first Research Coordination Meeting (RCM) of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Radiometric Methods for Measuring and Modeling Multiphase Systems towards Industrial Processes was held at the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna on 15-19 October 2012. The Chief Scientific Investigators of all research contracts and agreements under the CRP participated in the meeting. Six research agreement holders from Norway, France, Poland, Germany, USA and Korea provided assistance to the other RCM participants with their expertise and know-how. The twelve research contract holders from Brazil, Cuba, China, Ghana, Malaysia, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Tunisia, Vietnam, India and Peru are with recognized experience in radiotracer and nucleonic measurement systems technologies. Multiphase flow systems are widely used in industrial and environmental processes, and widespread throughout chemical processing, mineral processing, oil production, wastewater treatment, sediment and solids transport, and many others. Optimized design and scale-up of these multiphase flow systems are important in ensuring enhanced performance, economic viability and environmental acceptability. The fluid-dynamic properties of such systems are not yet well understood, which makes the prediction of important process parameters such as flow rate, phase distributions, flow pattern, velocity and turbulent parameters a challenging task. It is therefore necessary to measure them to facilitate the process control and optimization to achieve efficient management of industrial processes.
    [Show full text]
  • JRC MC40 and Nanoparticle Activation
    JRC MC40 and Nanoparticle activation DKFZ – Heidelberg on 13 May 2011 – Cyclotron Anniversary Meeting 1 Joint Research Centre (JRC) Antonio Bulgheroni on behalf of the cyclotron team IHCP - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Ispra - Italy http://ihcp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Summary DKFZ – Heidelberg on 13 May 2011 – Cyclotron Anniversary Meeting 2 • The JRC MC40, very brief intro and history – Details on the 6 target systems. – What was the cyclotron doing in the last 30 years • Radioactive nanoparticle – What makes nano different – Lack of knowledge, lack of policies – Radioactivity as a tracer: the good and the bad • How to survive other 20 years? – Living spare parts! • Conclusions The JRC MC40 DKFZ – Heidelberg on 13 May 2011 – Cyclotron Anniversary Meeting 3 Updated parameters Particles Minimum Energy Maximum Energy Maximum Extracted (MeV) (MeV) Current (µA) p 8 39 60 α 8 39 30 3He2+ 8 53 30 d 4 19.5 60 • 7 beam lines in 3 (almost) independent irradiation halls – 6 installed beam lines – 1 beam line in maintenance (BL 3) – 2 halls sharing the same shielding door • CZ laboratories – Radiochemestry – Biology – Radiopharmaceuticals production clean rooms BL Specifications / 1 DKFZ – Heidelberg on 13 May 2011 – Cyclotron Anniversary Meeting 4 Beam Line 1: Cross section • Thin / thick foils • Not exceeding 1 microA • No cooling at all • No entrance window, target directly in vacuum Beam Line 2: General purpose • Solid and powder target • Up to 30 microA of current • Either water or helium cooling • 600
    [Show full text]