Plant Press Vol. 15, No. 3

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Plant Press Vol. 15, No. 3 Special Symposium Issue continued on page 7 Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 15 - No. 3 July-September 2012 Botany Profile Letting the Phylogeny Genie Out of the Bottle By David Erickson n April 20-21, the Department of marine diversity through a network of phylogenies, particularly as the volume Botany at the Smithsonian Insti- marine research stations. of data vastly expands in the genomic Otution convened the 10th Smith- Following Coddington’s whirlwind era. This is in contrast to methods that sonian Botanical Symposium, hosted by tour of the take a the Department of Botany in collabo- diversity of “total data” ration with the United States Botanic research at approach Garden. This year’s symposium titled the insti- and hope “Transforming 21st Century Compara- tution, the correct tive Biology using Evolutionary Trees,” Lawrence phylo- examined the development and applica- Dorr then genetic tion of phylogenetic methods in light of introduced signal is the massive advances in sequencing and the recipient of the 10th José Cuatrecasas contained within as a kind of average genomic technology. Warren Wagner, Medal for Excellence in Tropical Botany. among the data. Edwards’ presentation Chair of the Department of Botany, This year’s winner was Walter S. Judd, served as the perfect introduction to get opened the symposium by welcoming a Professor of Botany at the University the audience thinking about how we speakers and guests. He then provided of Florida at Gainesville. Judd is one of build phylogenies, and how thinking an introduction into the Department of the world’s experts in the Ericaceae, has carefully about data analysis remains a Botany and background on symposium a strong interest in the Melastomataceae, critical question as we may be tempted subjects in the past. Wagner acknowl- and has been one of the principals in the to assume that genome scale data will edged the critical and ever-growing “Generic Flora of the Southeastern United intrinsically solve all phylogenetic ques- importance that phylogenies play in States” project. Judd was pleased and tions. modern biology. honored to accept the award and spoke Following Edwards was Charles Del- Jonathan Coddington introduced the about his many enjoyable times climbing wiche from the University of Maryland, scope of investigation at the Smithsonian the mountains of the West Indies. whose work has indeed sought to tackle Institution to the many guests and speak- some of those big questions in phylo- ers. He covered tremendous territory enneth Wurdack then convened genetics and plant biology – namely the highlighting the diversity of research at the symposium introducing the origin of plants from their algal ances- the Institution with special emphasis on Kdesire by the organizing com- tors. The incredibly deep divergences Institution wide projects. These projects mittee to showcase how phylogenetic and the loss of lineages through extinc- include the Global Genome Initiative methods have changed, and also how the tion have made elucidation of the most (GGI) which seeks to collect and curate increasingly powerful phylogenies are direct ancestors of plants a challenge. one representative of all living genera, being applied to answer hypothesis driven Delwiche, however, showed that modern the Smithsonian Institution Global Earth questions. First in the list of speakers was genomic data has indeed contributed Observatories (SIGEO) which is a global Scott Edwards from Harvard University. to our understanding of the evolution network of long-term, large-scale forest Edwards effectively threw down the of modern land plants, particularly by research plots and an international group gauntlet asserting that the traditional meth- identifying components of land plant of scientists dedicated to the study of ods for analyzing data to infer phylogenies physiology that are shared with algae – tropical and temperate forest function was inadequate to answer the most chal- thus providing a functional genomic link and diversity, and its marine counterpart lenging of questions. Edwards forcefully between the groups. Marine Geo which seeks to quantify advocated methods that employ coalescent approaches to investigating multigene Continued on page 10 Travel Pedro Acevedo traveled to Mayaguez, town, West Virginia (4/13 – 4/16) to meet fornia Academy of Sciences; to Gaines- Puerto Rico (6/22 – 6/29) to participate in with staff at the West Virginia University ville, Florida (5/28 – 5/30) to participate in a workshop on the red listing of the flora Herbarium; to New Haven, Connecticut a workshop on digitization workflows for of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. (6/10 – 6/16) to attend the annual meet- the iDigBio Program; and to New Haven, Walter Adey traveled to Newfound- ing of the Society for the Preservation of Connecticut (6/10 – 6/16) for the annual land, Canada (5/26 – 5/30) to present a Natural History Collections (SPNHC); meeting of the Society for the Preservation paper on corallines and climate archives to and to Queens, New York (6/23 – 6/24) of Natural History Collections (SPNHC) the Geological Association of Canada. to assist the Biological Diversity of the to present a paper and moderate a session David Erickson traveled to Manaus, Guiana Shield (BDG) program in getting on archives and special collections. Brazil (6/4 – 6/12) to attend a workshop supplies, equipment, and plants to the US Laurence Skog traveled to New on Tropical Amazonian Biodiversity spon- National Herbarium. Haven, Connecticut (5/11 – 5/12) to visit sored by the Center for Tropical Forest W. John Kress traveled to Keshena, the herbarium at Yale University (YU) Science (CTFS). Wisconsin (5/2 – 5/4) to meet with col- to examine and annotate specimens of Robin Everly traveled to Montreal, laborators at the College of Menominee Gesneriaceae, especially collections of Canada (6/26 – 6/29) to present a talk and Nation to determine the next steps in Charles Wright from Cuba. serve as Board President at the 44th Annual designing and implementing the Indig- Alain Touwaide and Emanuela Meeting of the Council on Horticultural enous Global Earth Observatories project Appetiti traveled to Kenmore and Seattle, and Botanical Libraries (CBHL). for biodiversity and cultural monitoring; Washington (5/14 – 5/23) to give semi- Linda Hollenberg traveled to New to Dominica (5/17 – 5/28) to conduct field nars, classes, and public lectures on the Haven, Connecticut (6/10 – 6/17) to attend work on Heliconia and their hummingbird history of medicine, ethnobotany and the annual meeting of the Society for the pollinators; and to Bonito, Brazil (6/13 – ethnomedicine at Bastyr University, to Preservation of Natural History Collec- 6/23) to attend and coordinate the annual visit the University of Washington (UW) tions (SPNHC). meeting of the Association for Tropical Medicinal Garden and the UW Health Sci- Carol Kelloff traveled to Morgan- Biology and Conservation as Executive ence Library, and to meet with faculty of Director. the UW Department of Classics. The Plant Press Paul Peterson and Robert Soreng Kenneth Wurdack traveled to traveled to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (5/1 Georgetown, Guyana (5/5 – 6/23) to col- New Series - Vol. 15 - No. 3 – 7/11) to collect grasses and other plant lect plants; and to Davis, California (6/27 Chair of Botany materials throughout the country. – 7/4) to conduct Euphorbiaceae research Warren L. Wagner Rusty Russell traveled to San Fran- related to the University of California at ([email protected]) cisco, California (5/15 – 5/19) to present at Davis herbarium collections and the work a workshop on citizen science at the Cali- of the late Grady Webster. EDITORIAL STAFF Visitors Editor Gary Krupnick Carlos García-Robledo, Smithsonian Audrey Wilde, McLean, Virginia; DC ([email protected]) Fellow; Plant-herbivore interactions Flora internship (1/9-8/1). (7/20/10-7/20/12). Copy Editors Colleen Allen, University of Durham, Robin Everly, Bernadette Gibbons, Rose Ying Meng, Kunming Institute of Botany, United Kingdom; U.S. Exploring Expedi- Gulledge, Dail Laughinghouse China; Polygonaceae (1/9/11-8/31/12). tion (3/20-4/19). News Contacts Iliana Lang, Bethesda, Maryland; Plant Rodrigo de Stefano, Centro de Inves- MaryAnn Apicelli, Robert Faden, Rusty conservation internship (9/12/11-5/18/12). tigación Científica de Yucatán, Mexico; Russell, Alice Tangerini, and Elizabeth Pithecellobium (Fabaceae) (4/1-4/8). Zimmer Liu Qiuqun, Huazhong Agricultural Uni- The Plant Press is a quarterly publication pro- versity, China; Vitaceae (9/15/11-9/15/12). Thomas Haug, U.S. Coast Guard; Her- vided free of charge. To receive notification of barium tour (4/6). when new pdf issues are posted to the web, please Yoomi Park, Konkuk University South subscribe to the listserve by sending a message to [email protected] containing only the Korea; PacificPeperomia (Piperaceae) Dean Papavassiliou, World Bank; following in the body of the text: SUBSCRIBE (10/1/11-8/31/12). Ancient Greek medicine (4/10). PLANTPRESS-NEWS Firstname Lastname. Replace “Firstname Lastname” with your name. Suzanne Nagi, University of Illinois at Xiuqin Ci, Xishuangbanna Tropical If you would like to be added to the hard-copy Urbana-Champaign; Trientalis (Myrsi- Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy mailing list, please contact Dr. Gary Krupnick at: Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, naceae) (11/1/11-6/30/12). of Sciences; DNA barcoding internship PO Box 37012, NMNH MRC-166, Washington, (4/10-6/10). DC 20013-7012, or by E-mail: krupnickg@ Rubens Coelho, State University of si.edu. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Sapindaceae Andrew Henderson, New York Botanical Web site: http://botany.si.edu/ (11/14/11-11/14/12). Garden; Arecaceae (4/13). Continued on page 5 Page 2 Getting Better All The Time Editor’s Note n a 100 degree Monday afternoon in D.C. this summer, Lauren Scan- Ogarella is comfortably ensconced in a fifth floor office inventorying and curat- ing Hawaiian specimens.
Recommended publications
  • Flora of China 12: 300–301. 2007. 2. BOMBAX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1
    Flora of China 12: 300–301. 2007. 2. BOMBAX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 511. 1753, nom. cons. 木棉属 mu mian shu Deciduous big trees; young trunk usually spiny. Leaf blade palmately compound; leaflets 5–9, sometimes petiolulate, with basal joint, margin entire. Flowers bisexual, solitary or fascicled, axillary or terminal. Flowers large, produced before leaf flush. Pedicel shorter than 10 cm. Bracteoles absent. Calyx tubular, campanulate, or cup-shaped, apex truncate to deeply lobed, sometimes with abaxial glands, leathery, falling with petals and stamens. Petals 5, usually red, sometimes yellow, orange, or white, obovate or obovate-lanceolate, asymmetrical, sometimes reflexed. Stamens 70–900, bases connate into short tube; filaments connate into 5–10 distinct phalanges, alternating with petals; anthers reniform. Ovary syncarpous, 5-locular; ovules many per locule; style filiform, longer than stamens; stigma stellately lobed. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent into 5 valves, valves woody or leathery, with silky wool inside. Seeds small, black, enclosed by wool. About 50 species: mostly in tropical America, also in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australasia; three species in China. 1a. Leaflets abaxially densely tomentose; petals white, ca. 4 cm ................................................................................ 3. B. cambodiense 1b. Leaflets abaxially glabrous or hairy only on veins; petals red or orange-red, 10–15 cm. 2a. Calyx 3.8–5 cm; petals adaxially glabrous; filaments linear; capsule 25–30 cm ..................................................... 1. B. insigne 2b. Calyx 2–3(–4.5) cm; petals adaxially stellate pilose; filaments thicker at base than apex; capsule 10–15 cm .......... 2. B. ceiba 1. Bombax insigne Wallich var. tenebrosum (Dunn) A. lobes 3–5, semi-orbicular, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Pachira Aquatica, (Zapotón, Pumpo)
    How to Grow a Sacred Maya Flower Pachira aquatica, (Zapotón, Pumpo) Nicholas Hellmuth 1 Introduction: There are several thousand species of flowering plants in Guatemala. Actually there are several thousand flowering TREES in Guatemala. If you count all the bushes, shrubs, and vines, you add thousands more. Then count the grasses, water plants; that’s a lot of flowers to look at. Actually, if you count the orchids in Guatemala you would run out of numbers! Yet out of these “zillions” of beautiful tropical flowers, the Classic Maya, for thousands of years, picture less than 30 different species. It would be a challenge to find representations of a significant number of orchids in Maya art: strange, since they are beautiful, and there are orchids throughout the Maya homeland as well as in the Olmec homeland, plus orchids are common in the Izapa area of proto_Maya habitation in Chiapas. Yet other flowers are pictured in Maya yart, yet in the first 150 years of Maya studies, only one single solitary flower species was focused on: the sacred water lily flower! (I know this focus well, I wrote my PhD dissertation featuring this water lily). But already already 47 years ago, I had noticed flowers on Maya vases: there were several vases that I discovered myself in a royal burial at Tikal that pictured stylized 4-petaled flowers (Burial 196, the Tomb of the Jade Jaguar). Still, if you have XY-thousand flowers blooming around you, why did the Maya picture less than 30? In other words, why did the Maya select the water lily as their #1 flower? I know most of the reasons, but the point is, the Maya had XY-thousand.
    [Show full text]
  • Silk Cotton Vs. Bombax Vs. Banyan
    Ceiba pentandra Kopok tree, Silk-cotton tree Ta Prohm, Cambodia By Isabel Zucker Largest known specimen in Lal Bagh Gardens in Bangalore, India. http://scienceray.com/biology/botany/amazing-trees-from-around-the-world-the-seven-wonder-trees/ Ceiba pentandra Taxonomy • Family: Malvaceae • Sub family: Bombacaceae -Bombax spp. in same family - much online confusion as to which tree is primarily in Ta Praham, Cambodia. • Fig(Moraceae), banyan and kapok trees in Ta Praham • Often referred to as a banyan tree, which is quite confusing. Distribution • Originated in the American tropics, natural and human distribution. • Africa, Asia. – Especially Indonesia and Thailand • Indian ocean islands • Ornamental shade tree • Zone – Humid areas, rainforest, dry areas – Mean annual precipitation 60-224 inches per year – Temperatures ranging from 73-80 unaffected by frost – Elevation from 0-4,500 feet – Dry season ranging from 0-6 months Characteristics • Rapidly growing, deciduous • Reaches height up to 200 feet • Can grow 13 feet per year • Diameter up to 9 feet above buttress – Buttress can extend 10 feet from the trunk and be 10 feet tall • large umbrella-shaped canopies emerge above the forest canopy • http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/caribarch/ceiba.htm • Home to many animals – Birds, frogs, insects – Flowers open in the evening, pollinated by bats • Epiphytes grow in branches • Compound leaves with 5-8 lance- shaped leaflets 3-8 inches long • Dense clusters of whitish to pink flowers December to February – 3-6 inch long, elliptical fruits. – Seeds of fruit surrounded by dense, cottony fibers. – Fibers almost pure cellulose, buoyant, impervious to water, low thermal conductivity, cannot be spun.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaertn. and Bombax Buonopozense (P) Beauv. Iroka Finian Chisom Department of Botany, Nnamdi
    International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2014; 2(2): 162-167 ISSN 2321-2187 IJHM 2014; 2(2): 162-167 Comparative phytochemical and proximate analyses on Received: 14-04-2014 Accepted: 17-05-2014 Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn. and Bombax buonopozense (P) Beauv. Iroka Finian Chisom Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B Iroka Finian Chisom, Okereke Chukwu N, Okeke C. U. 5025 Awka, Anambra State. Abstract Okereke Chukwu N This research work reports the comparative Phytochemical and proximate analyses on two plants; Ceiba Department of Applied Biology, pentandra [L] Gaertn and Bombax buonopozense [P] Beauv both of the family Malvaceae formerly Ebonyi State University, Ebonyi Bombacaceae. The study however, revealed the presence of phytochemical components such as Tannin, State Nigeria. alkaloids, saponin, cyanogenic glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and phenols. In Ceiba pentandra the highest phytochemical compound was glycosides [18.71±2.0] present in the leaves and phenol was the Okeke C. U. lowest [0.04±0.01] present in the root, likewise in Bombax buonopozense, the highest phytochemical Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B compound was glycosides [14.25±1.07] found in the leaves while the least was phenol [0.05±0.001] also 5025 Awka, Anambra State. found in the root. Moreover, their proximate values were also established, with both plants having carbohydrate as their highest proximate content [40.59±0.71] and [38.05±0.9] respectively found in their stems and the least was fat [0.69±0.02] and [0.62±0.015] found in the roots of the both plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Bombacaceae: Malvales) of Rural Residents (Angelsen & Wunder 2003; Sunderlin Et Al
    JoTT NOTE 4(15): 3443–3446 Ethnobotanical value of dry, (Griffiths et al. 2003) and contribute fallen ovaries of Bombax ceiba L. significantly to the livelihood (Bombacaceae: Malvales) of rural residents (Angelsen & Wunder 2003; Sunderlin et al. S. Gopakumar 1 & R. Yesoda Bai 2 2005). About 80% of the population of developing countries use NTFPs to meet some of their health and 1 Department of Forest Management and Utilisation, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur District, Kerala nutritional needs (Beer & McDermott 1996). In many 680656, India of the thickly populated tropical regions, poor people 2 Indian Forest Service, Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248006, India still collect a wide range of forest products to sustain Email: 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), and supplement their livelihoods and escape hunger 2 [email protected] and poverty. However, information on such collection efforts and utilization aspects remains unaccounted Indigenous people and their knowledge about largely due to the scattered nature of such efforts. nature and natural products have foremost importance in conservation efforts (Anderson & Putz 2002; Bombax ceiba and its ethnobotanical significance Ramakrishnan et al. 2005; Rist et al. 2008). Every Bombax ceiba L., (Bombacaceae: Malvales), a community, especially ethnic ones, has strong tall deciduous tree with distinctive woody thorns linkages with plants and the possibility of uncovering on the trunk and branches (Brock 2001) is found in new information from these relationships still remain India, Australia (Liddle et al. 1994), Papua New enormous. Ethnobotany which explores human-plant Guinea, South-east Asia, China and the Indonesian interactions (Pei et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article a Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Overview On
    Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy (SAJP) ISSN 2320-4206 (Online) Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2014; 3(2): 100-107 ISSN 2347-9531 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Review Article A Pharmacognostic and pharmacological overview on Bombax ceiba Verma Rameshwar*, Devre Kishor, GangradeTushar ,Gore Siddharth, Gour Sudarshan G.R.Y. Institute of Pharmacy, Vidhya vihar, Borawan (Khargone), M.P.-451228, India *Corresponding author Verma Rameshwar Email: Abstract: Bombax ceiba is commonly known as silk cotton tree and semal which belongs to family Bombacaceae. Bombax ceiba is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. It has wide range of medicinal and pharmacological application. It is used in tradition system of medicine and exibits diuretic, dysenteric, emetic, diarrhoeal, Wounds, Acne, skin blemish and pigmentation, Cold and cough. It has many pharmacological activities like In-vitro Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Anti-obesity, Hypotensive, Antioxidant, Antiangiogenic, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Aphrodisiac and Antipyretic. This paper provides an overview on pharmacological, phytochemical properties and therapeutic benefits of the plant. Keywords: Bombax ceiba, In-vitro Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Anti-obesity, Antiangiogenic, Hypotensive. INTRODUCTION BOTANY Bombax ceiba is commonly known as silk cotton tree Red silk cotton tree (Bombax ceiba) is a tree with “a and semal which belongs to family Bombacaceae. It is very striking feature in any landscape where it occurs, one of the important medicinal plants in tropical and in the months of December, when it loses its foliage, subtropical India and also occurs in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and January, when it bursts into a blaze of scarlet Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra and flowers upon the naked branches” [7].
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Article Conservation and Restoration Of
    Original Research Article Conservation and Restoration of Endangered Plant Species in the Tropical Forests ABSTRACT Indiscriminate charcoal productions, timber harvesting, demand for farmlands and overgrazing have aggravated land degradation process in the tropical regions. At each point of this cycle, species are lost and biodiversity is obtainable only in the National Parks, Game reserves, Forest reserves, Wildlife sanctuaries. Forests and its resources are important assets that the tropical regions can sustainably manage for its renewable potentials, environmental benefits and socio- economic importance to mankind. Thus, this paper aim at reviewing of past research works to provide profound solutions for conservation and restoration of forests and its products in the mid of financial shortcoming among the developing nations in the tropical regions. Based on this review, endangered plant species (such as- Prosopis africana, Parkia biglobosa, Khaya senegalensis, Gleditsia assamica, Gymnocladus assamicus and Aquilaria malaccensis among others) can be restored; and genetic heredity (with qualitative characteristics) can be sustain for generational use if only we will all ignore the voice that “demands high financial resources for the management of endangered species before it can be conserved and restored”. Even without the provision of financial resources for conservation and restoration of endangered species, with high interest and euphoria among the youths, the young populace can conserved and restored the tropical forests and its biodiversity in the regions. This can be achieved by frequent inclusion of youths in decisions making and the use of non-formal education methods (such as drama, playlet, music concerts among others). Therefore, it is recommended that communities around forest reserves in the tropical regions should be economically empowered, so that they can have alternative sources of livelihood that are biodiversity friendly, thus, reducing their dependence on forests and forest products.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Morphology of Selected Bee Forage Plants
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ePrints@Bangalore University G.J.B.B., VOL.2 (1) 2013: 82-90 ISSN 2278 – 9103 POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SELECTED BEE FORAGE PLANTS Shubharani, R., Roopa, P. & Sivaram, V. Laboratory of Biodiversity and Apiculture, Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560056, India ABSTRACT Pollen taxonomy is the prerequisite to compare the pollen present in honey samples with special reference to melissopalynological investigation. There is a scope to prepare pollen reference slides of flowering plants visited by honeybees of different ecological regions. The present study was undertaken during March 2010 to June 2012 in Western Ghats of Karnataka. Sixty eight flowering plants visited by honeybees were collected from Western Ghats of Karnataka and pollen morphological studies have been carried out. Species belonging to family Astraceae pollen are spinolous spherical in shape. The different species in families Fabaceae has a great morphological diversity. They also have variation in symmetry, position and distribution of apertures, exine structure and sculpture of the pollen wall. The pollen grain of plants belonging to family Malvaceae is echinate. Species of family Myrtaceae pollen are colporate and prolate. KEY WORDS: Pollen morphology, Bee plants, pollen wall, exine structure, spinolous, echinate. INTRODUCTION Karnataka are Chamarajanagara, Mysore, Kodagu, Honeybees and flowering plants have been considered as Chikamaglur, Shimoga, Hassan, Dakshina kannada, Uttara an example for co-evolution and mutualism. Honeybees kannada, Dharwad and Belgaum. It has geographical area need flowering plants for nectar and pollen as source of of 44,870 sq meter and lies between 120.80’ and 160.14’ food and flowering plants need honeybees for pollination.
    [Show full text]
  • BOMBACACEAE 1. PACHIRA Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 725. 1775
    BOMBACACEAE 木棉科 mu mian ke Tang Ya (唐亚)1; Michael G. Gilbert2, Laurence J. Dorr3 Trees, usually large, often deciduous; trunks sometimes spiny, often buttressed; bark fibrous, with mucilaginous exudates; indu- mentum usually stellate or tufted. Leaves alternate, spiral; stipules inconspicuous, caducous; petiole pulvinate; leaf blade often palmately compound (simple and lobed in Ochroma), margin often entire. Inflorescences axillary, 1(or 2)-flowered, rarely many- flowered. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, large and showy. Epicalyx of 3 bracts, inconspicuous and caducous. Calyx shortly cylin- drical, truncate, or irregularly 3–5-lobed, sometimes splitting. Petals 5, joined at base with androecium and falling as one unit, imbri- cate. Stamens usually very many (3–15 in Ceiba); filaments usually united in lower half into a filament tube around style, tube some- times lobed, with stamens in 5 groups with completely united filaments and sessile anthers; anthers usually 1-celled, apparently 2- celled and non-septate in Ceiba, sometimes many anthers united into an apparent many-celled “super-anther”; pollen usually spheroidal, ± smooth, reticulate; staminodes absent. Ovary superior, syncarpous, carpels usually 5; ovules 2 to many per locule, axile, anatropous; style 5-lobed. Fruit a 5-valved capsule, or hard and indehiscent (e.g., Adansonia), many-seeded with seeds often embedded in endocarp hairs (kapok), less often fruit winged or juicy and few-seeded. Seeds sometimes winged. About 30 genera and ca. 250 species: found widely in tropics, especially tropical America; three genera (two introduced) and five species (two introduced) in China. See the comments under the Malvaceae (p. 264) for the relationships of the Bombacaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional and Pharmacological Health Benefits of Bombax Ceiba L
    The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(6): 392-396 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Nutritional and pharmacological health benefits of TPI 2020; 9(6): 392-396 © 2020 TPI Bombax ceiba L. www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 15-04-2020 Accepted: 17-05-2020 Ananya Panwar, Yashodhara Singh and Bindu Naik Ananya Panwar Department of Food Technology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2020.v9.i6f.4799 School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India Abstract Bombax ceiba L. also called red silk cotton tree is a large deciduous tree which belongs to family Yashodhara Singh Bombacaceae. The tree and its many parts such as leaves, bud, flower, stem bark, roots and gum are Department of Food Technology, claimed for its therapeutic and used in pharmacologic activities like Cytotoxicity, Anti-inflammatory, School of Applied and Life Anti-diabetic, Hypotensive, Anti-obesity, Antioxidant, Antiangiogenic, Antimicrobial, and Aphrodisiac. Sciences, Uttaranchal It is noted to contain some important phyto constituents like mangiferin, vanillin, anthocyanins, University, Dehradun, India polysaccharides, shamimin and lupeol. This paper is an overview to support the credibility of B. ceiba with the few scientific studies that have been conducted so far. Bindu Naik Department of Food Technology, Keywords: Bombax ceiba, Phyto constituents, Pharmacological activities, Nutritional properties, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal Antioxidant activity. University, Dehradun, India 1. Introduction Bombax ceiba belonging to family Bombacaceae also known as silk cotton tree and commonly called semal. Bombax ceiba found in Northern Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Java and Sumatra (Rameshwar et al., 2014) [18].
    [Show full text]
  • Important Tree Species - R.K
    FORESTS AND FOREST PLANTS – Vol. II - Important Tree Species - R.K. Kohli, D.R. Batish and H.P. Singh IMPORTANT TREE SPECIES R.K. Kohli, D.R. Batish and H.P. Singh Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Keywords: trees, distribution, economical importance, softwoods, tropical hardwoods, temperate hardwoods, bamboos, rattans, littoral and swamp hardwoods, hot desert, cold desert. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Importance of Trees 3. Softwoods 4. Hardwoods 4.1 Tropical Hardwoods 4.2. Temperate Hardwoods 4.3. Bamboos 4.4. Rattans 4.5. Littoral and Swamp Hardwoods 5. Trees of Deserts / Arid Zones 5.1. Hot Desert / Arid zone Trees 5.2. Cold Desert Trees 6. Trees for the Reclamation of Land Appendix Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Trees have evolved over many millions of years and this process is still continuing. Modern day trees exhibit great diversity and are represented by broad-leaved hardwoods (generally the dicotyledonous angiosperms), softwoods (gymnosperms, mostly the conifers), and a few non-seed bearing fern trees. Trees are part and parcel of human life. They are providers as well as protectors, in addition to being aesthetically important. Because UNESCOof this they are worshipped in– ev eryEOLSS religion. Unfortunately, this important resource is a target of civilization as due to the burgeoning human population, they are heavily over-exploited.SAMPLE Taking trees to meet CHAPTERShuman needs leads to deforestation, land degradation, pollution, floods, biodiversity loss, etc. Plantation forestry has provided some relief but very careful management is required if it is to be sustainable. This chapter aims at providing basic information about useful trees, their distribution and economic importance in different geographical regions of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • 96. Bombacaceae 409
    96. Bombacaceae 409 5. Sida rhombifolia L. Borss., Blumea 14(1): 198, t.21e-h, 1966. - S. retusa L, Sp. PI. 2: 961,1763. ssp. retusa Figure 124B Shrubs erect or spreading, low, stiff. Leaves variable in size and shape, usually obovate or cuneate, 1-2 cm long, midrib prominent beneath with ascending lateral nerves, grayish tomentose beneath, toothed toward retuse apex, sub sessile or shortly petioled. Flowers usually solitary in upper leaf axils; pedicels 1 cm long or more, pubescent; calyx minutely puberulenl, lobes acute, ridged at base; corolla little exceeding, obovately oblong, thin. Fruits compessed, enclosed by persistent calyx, faintly pubescent; carpels beaked, smooth or only slightly rugose. Pantropic. In the Pnilippines, a common and widely scattered weed in open grasslands. Com. name - Eskoba (C. Bis., Tag.). Exsicc - Seriosa CA 10861; Or/ido CA 10860*, 12974, 12975; Guantes CA 106533(CAHP); Elmer 123770 (US). 96. BOMBACACEAE Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or digitately compound, usually With peltate scales or stellate hairs; stipules often fugacious. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, sometimes cauliflorous; flowers regular, bisexual, small or large, solitary or forming few cymose clusters or even paniculate; involucre of buds closed, becoming irregularly slit; calyx cup-shaped, truncate or irregularly 3- to 5-lobed; petals 5 (7), imbricate,.base occasionally connate to staminal tube; stamens 3 to many, all fertile or rarely partly staminodial; filaments free or in a tube; anthers 1- to several-Iocellate, longitudinally dehiscent or poricidal; pollen smooth; ovaries 2· to 5 (-10 )-celled, superior, free; stigmas capitate or divided; ovules 2 to many in each cell, erect Fruits loculicidally 5-valved capsules, dry or fleshy, indehiscent or not, seeds smooth, enveloped in woolly or silky hairs or imbedded in spongy meat, frequentlyarillate.
    [Show full text]