DOCSLIB.ORG

Master Gardener's Module – Insects Part I Insect Basics and Pests Carmen Greenwood

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master Gardener's Module – Insects Part I Insect Basics and Pests Carmen Greenwood Master Gardener’s module –insects part I Insect basics and pests Carmen Greenwood Insects – a little review of the basics & some pests Body regions 1 • Development types 2 • How insects are organized and classified 3 • A few important groups that contain both pests and beneficials • How mouthpart structure is related to insect damage Soil and leaf litter Ametabolous dwellers Aquatic orders predatory orders Hemimetabolous herbivorous orders Parasitic orders Holometabolous The 4 largest groups of insects are those intimately associated with plants, either through plant‐feeding or pollination Phytophagy Categories of phytophagy (herbivorous feeding strategies): • Leaf chewing • Sap sucking • Seed predation • Gall induction • Mining living tissues of plants How many different ways can you eat a plant? • Orthoptera = “straight wing” 6 Orders important to those of us (20,000+) who deal in plants (#species) • Grasshoppers, katydids, crickets • Hemiptera = “half wing” (35,000) • True bugs • Coleoptera = “sheath‐wing” (350,000) • Beetles • Lepidoptera = “scale wing” (150,000) • Butterflies, moths • Hymenoptera = “membrane wing” (115,000) • Bees, ants, wasps • Diptera = “ 2 wing” (150,000+) • Flies Class Insect divided into orders based on structural differences 1. Type of metamorphosis 2. Type of mouthparts 3. Wings – number and characteristics 4. Other characteristics Two kinds of development ‐ Gradual metamorphosis • Gradual metamorphosis • Hemimetabolous development • Immatures are “miniature” versions of adult • Immatures and adults often occupy the same niche • Wings develop between last instar and adulthood Two kinds of development ‐ Complete metamorphosis Holometabolous insects • Adults and immatures may occupy completely different niches • Adults and immatures look different • Have different mouthparts • Often feed on different things • Egg ‐ Larva – pupa ‐ adult Orthopterans cerci tegmina • 3 life stages: egg, nymph, adult • Many nymphal instars Orthopterans • Adult stage has wings and is sexually mature • Leaf chewing mouthparts Leaf chewing • Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatidae and some Hymenoptera • Induced defenses: sometimes plants subject to herbivory will respond chemically Butterflies/moths (larvae), Beetles, Grasshoppers/crickets, Walking sticks and Sawfly larvae Hemiptera: True Bugs Half‐winged • Metamorphosis • Mouthparts • Four wings • forewings hemelytra • hind wings • Triangular plate = scutellum Piercing‐sucking mouthpart which enables them to feed on phloem, xylem or prey Hemelytra True Bugs • Gradual metamorphosis • Hemimetabolous development • Immatures are “miniature” versions of adult • Immatures and adults often occupy the same niche • Wings develop between last instar and adulthood Hemiptera “true bugs” Hemelytra (half‐wing) • 3 suborders • Heteroptera – the True bugs • Auchenorrhyncha – hoppers (leaf hoppers, tree hoppers, frog hoppers, cicadas • Sternorrhyncha – aphids, scales adelgids, whiteflies Sap‐sucking • Mostly Hemiptera and Thysanoptera • Leads to wilting, stunting or distortion in plant growth • Transmission of plant viruses is the most serious problem • Excretions of phloem‐feeding hemiptera can promote black sooty mold growth Hemiptera: Suborder Heteroptera (the “true bugs”) • Most hemipterans are pests True Bugs • Suck on plant vascular fluids and transmit disease • Some are important predators of pests, like this assassin bug Herbivorous Hemipteran families: 1. Berytidae (stilt bugs) 2. Coreidae (squash bugs and leafooted bugs) 3. Rhopalidae (scentless plant bugs) –Boxelder bug 4. Miridae (plant bugs)‐ Lygus bugs 5. Lygaeidae (Seed bugs) ‐ Hairy Chinch Bug 6. Tingidae (lace bugs) 5 6 4 1 2 3 Brown marmorated stink bug • Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) • Native to China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan • Polyphagous insect that feeds on many different plants; fruit, soybeans, vegetables…. • A specialist egg parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), imported from Beijing, China • Collected in PA in 1998 but probably arrived earlier Range (2017) and risk • At least 12 North American species of stink bug egg parasitoids in at least three families Management options (Encyrtidae, Eupelmidae, Platygastridae) parasitize sentinel (laboratory‐sourced) BMSB egg masses deployed in the field • Sink bugs are also subject to predation by ground beetles, spiders and wasps • While insecticide recommendations vary according to availability on different crops, Actara, Brigade, Danitol, Mustang Maxx, and Lannate have shown good efficacy in trials Trissolocus japonicus the “Samurai wasp” can parasitize up to 90% of the eggs. In 2014 Don Weber discovered it had arrived in MD, VA Predatory Hemipteran families: •Reduviidae (assassin bugs) •Phymatidae (ambush bugs) •Nabidae (damsel bugs) •Anthocoridae (minute pirate bugs). The major families of aquatic predators include: •Corixidae (water boatmen) •Gerridae (water striders) •Nepidae (water scorpions) •Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) •Naucoridae (creeping water bugs). Hemiptera includes 2 other groups (suborders) of very small plant‐sucking insects • These also have sucking mouthparts but the scutellum and hemelytra are not necessarily present • Some of these are serious pests • Auchenorrhyncha “hoppers” • Sternorrhyncha “aphids, scales, whiteflies, psyllids” Leafhoppers, Treehoppers, Planthoppers, Froghoppers • Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) • Spotted in Delaware Co., NY Nov, 2017 Spotted lanternfly • Potential threat to grapes, apples, hops and forest products • First found in Bern Co. PA 2014 • Native to Asia • Insecticide applications – check with Cornell extension for current Management options recommendations • Remove egg masses when visible cicada Little soft things – capable of BIG impacts Hemlock Wooly Adelgid – Adelges tsugae Coleoptera –The Beetles From left to right: Curculionidae (weevils) Carabidae (ground beetles) Chrysomelidae (leaf chewing beetles) Scarabaeidae (scarabs) Beetle wings Taking off! Forewings = for protection Hind wings = for flight Because they tend to be specialized feeders many species are used as biological control agents of invasive weeds Because they tend to be specialized feeders many species are used as biological control agents of invasive weeds Lepidoptera Scale‐winged Butterflies & Moths • Complete Metamorphosis • Siphoning Mouthparts • Four wings • Forewings • Hind wings Egg Complete Lepidoptera Larva Pupa Adult • Butterflies vs. moths Lepidoptera • Diurnal vs nocturnal • Intimately associated with plants in both adult and immature stage Scale‐wings Hymenoptera ‐ Bees, wasps, ants Egg Larva Complete: Hymenoptera Adult Pupa Hymenoptera • Most are parasitoid wasps –important beneficials that kill pests • Native pollinators (wild bees) • Domestic pollinators (honybees) • Sawflies –larval forms are foliage‐feeding caterpillars Trichogramma sp. On Arctiid egg The Flies Flies Halteres • Evolved independently in 4 different orders; Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (larval flies and moths predominant…eg. Agromyzidae) Leaf mining • Some insects also mine stems, trunks, roots and fruits • Economic damage in fruits and roots; overall plant productivity in leaves Damage from Liriomyza munda “vegetable leaf miner” Spotted wing drosophila ‐ SWD • Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) • Observed in NY in 2011 • Small fruit crops most at risk • Most are nectar feeders Blood feeding flies • Females take blood meals when conditions are good for oviposition Culicoides spp. Wide range of hemorrhagic diseases in domestic Culicidae ‐ mosquitoes and wild animals Sand flies (Leishmaniasis; human and canine) Tabanidae – Horse flies and Mosquito larvae emerging from egg raft deer flies Hippoboscidae Glossinidae - Tse tse flies (Trypanosomiasis in humans (i.e. sleeping sickness) in other Muscidae ‐ Stable flies animals (nagana) Be careful with common names • Two words means it is in that order • House fly • Lady beetle • Stink bug • One word means it is in a different order • Ladybug • Junebug • Dragonfly • Butterfly • Firefly • Lightningbug Be wary of common names • Butterfly • Ladybug • Firefly • Horn fly • Stable fly • Long‐horned beetle • Junebug • Whitefly • Boxelder bug • Louse fly Soil and leaf litter Ametabolous dwellers Aquatic orders predatory orders Hemimetabolous herbivorous orders Parasitic orders Holometabolous.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Insetos Do Brasil
    COSTA LIMA INSETOS DO BRASIL 2.º TOMO HEMÍPTEROS ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 3 - 1940 INSETOS DO BRASIL 2.º TOMO HEMÍPTEROS A. DA COSTA LIMA Professor Catedrático de Entomologia Agrícola da Escola Nacional de Agronomia Ex-Chefe de Laboratório do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz INSETOS DO BRASIL 2.º TOMO CAPÍTULO XXII HEMÍPTEROS ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 3 - 1940 CONTEUDO CAPÍTULO XXII PÁGINA Ordem HEMÍPTERA ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Superfamília SCUTELLEROIDEA ............................................................................................................ 42 Superfamília COREOIDEA ............................................................................................................................... 79 Super família LYGAEOIDEA ................................................................................................................................. 97 Superfamília THAUMASTOTHERIOIDEA ............................................................................................... 124 Superfamília ARADOIDEA ................................................................................................................................... 125 Superfamília TINGITOIDEA .................................................................................................................................... 132 Superfamília REDUVIOIDEA ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bioindicators of Water Quality
    Ephemeroptera | Mayflies ACE-11 Coleoptera | Beetles Using this guide Coleoptera with the data sheets Bioindicators of Water Quality Beetles Quick–Reference Guide Coleoptera (Beetles) Authors: Julie Speelman and Natalie Carroll | Photographer (unless otherwise noted): Julie Speelman | Design and Layout: Purdue Agricultural Communication Family Tolerance Number Family Tolerance 4 3 7 Value Found Score 5 5 5 Dryopidae 5 0 0 Dryopidae (larvae) Baetidae Baetiscidae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae (adult) Caenidae Dytiscidae 5 2 10 This publication shows aquatic insects that can be used as Long-toed Water Beetle Predaceous Diving Beetle Predaceous Diving Beetle Small Minnow Mayfly Armored Mayfly Small Square-gill Mayfly Biotic Water Quality Degree of Organic Elmidae 5 0 0 bioindicators of water quality in Indiana waterways. Bioindicators 5 are biological systems that are sensitive to environmental changes Index Rating Pollution Gyrinidae 4 0 0 organic pollution Dryopidae and, therefore, can indicate when pollution is present in the water. 0.00–3.75 excellent Long-toed Water Beetle Haliplidae 7 0 0 unlikely A tolerance score is included for each insect in this publication. Hydrophilidae 5 3 15 slight organic The tolerance score, ranging from 0–10, represents the insect’s 3.76–4.25 very good Psephenidae 4 0 0 sensitivity to pollution and can be used to estimate the quality of pollution possible the water in which the insect was found. Insects with a score of some organic Order Total 5 25 4.26–5.00 good 0 are intolerant to pollution, meaning they cannot tolerate any pollution probable water pollution, while insects with a score of 10 are very tolerant of fairly substantial 5 5 4 1 polluted water.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bug on the Ocean Waves (Heteroptera, Gerridae, Halobates ESCHSCHOLTZ)1
    © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at A bug on the ocean waves (Heteroptera, Gerridae, Halobates ESCHSCHOLTZ)1 L. CHENG Abstract: Five species of Halobates are the only insects known to live on the open ocean. Here is a brief description of what they are, where to find them, some of their special adaptations and their origins. Key words: Gerridae, Halobates, Heteroptera, marine, ocean. Introduction scribed species (ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004). Most of the known gerrid species are fresh- Insects are ubiquitous on land but they water in habitat and can be found on ponds, are commonly thought to be completely ab- lakes, streams, rivers, waterfalls and even sent from the sea, which covers more than temporary rain-filled pools. However, some 70 % of the earth’s surface. This is actually 80 species are considered marine. These be- not quite true. A large variety of insects do long to 11 genera in 3 subfamilies: Trepo- occur in various marine environments batinae, Rhagadotarsinae, and Halobatinae, (CHENG 1976). In fact, marine representa- to which Halobates belongs. tives can be found in at least 20 orders of the Insecta (CHENG 2003), the most important The genus Halobates was created in 1822 being the Collembola, Heteroptera, Coleo- by ESCHSCHOLTZ for 3 insect species collect- ptera and Diptera (CHENG & FRANK 1993). ed during a circumnavigation expedition. Among the Gerromorpha (Heteroptera), Many new species were added during the marine species can be found in five of the subsequent years, some from major ocean six known families: Gerridae, Hebridae, basins and others from various near-shore Hermatobatidae, Mesoveliidae and Veli- habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
    Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Shahbaz Chattha Women University Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Abu Ul Hassan Faiz Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Arshad Javid University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, [email protected] Irfan Baboo Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, [email protected] Inayat Ullah Malik The University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Entomology Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Chattha, M. S., Faiz, A. H., Javid, A., Baboo, I., & Malik, I. U. (2018). Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan, Journal of Bioresource Management, 5 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.8102.0081 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: May 16, 2019; Accepted: Sep 19, 2019; Published: Jan 1, 2018) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
    [Show full text]
  • UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
    Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Water Scorpion Nepa Apiculata (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in Wisconsin
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 25 Number 2 - Summer 1992 Number 2 - Summer Article 3 1992 June 1992 Distribution of the Water Scorpion Nepa Apiculata (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in Wisconsin P. A. Cochran St. Norbert College A. P. Gripentrog St. Norbert College K. M. Stack St. Norbert College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Cochran, P. A.; Gripentrog, A. P.; and Stack, K. M. 1992. "Distribution of the Water Scorpion Nepa Apiculata (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in Wisconsin," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 25 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol25/iss2/3 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Cochran et al.: Distribution of the Water Scorpion <i>Nepa Apiculata</i> (Hemipte 1992 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 83 DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER SCORPION NEPA AP!CULATA (HEMIPTERA:NEPIDAE) IN WISCONSIN P.A. Cochran, A.P. Gripentrog and K.M. Stack1 The water scorpion Nepa apiculata Uhler was considered rare in Wiscon­ sin by Hilsenhoff (1984), who collected only 11 individuals during a 25-year period. All of his collections were from overwintering sites, especially debris in streams, during early spring or autumn (Hilsenhoff, pers. comm.). He con­ cluded that the species was restricted to southern Wisconsin. Recent collec­ tions indicate that N apiculata is more widely distributed.
    [Show full text]
  • Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas George L
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 39 Article 37 1985 Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas George L. Harp Arkansas State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Harp, George L. (1985) "Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 39 , Article 37. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/37 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 37 General Notes LITERATURE CITED FARRIS, J. L.,and G. L. HARP. 1982. Aquatic macroinvertebrates HARP, G. L., and P. A. HARP. 1980. Aquatic macroinvertebrates ofthree acid bogs onCrowley's Ridge innortheast Arkansas. Proc. of Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci. Ark. Acad. Sci. 36:23-27. 34:115-117. FOTI, T. L.1974. Natural divisions ofArkansas, p. 15. In: Arkansas HUGGINS, J. A., and G. L. HARP. 1983. Aquatic macroinvertebrates Natural Area Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Water Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) of Israel
    ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Vol. 48 (1), pp. 119–141 (30 December 2018) A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel TANYA NOVOSELSKY 1, PING -P ING CHEN 2 & NI C O NIESER 2 1The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: [email protected] 2Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT An updated and annotated check-list of Israeli giant water bugs (Belostomatidae) is provided. The recorded species belong in the subfamilies Belostomatinae and Lethocerinae. The following six species occur in the country: Appasus urinator urinator, Limnogeton fieberi, Lethocerus patruelis, Lethocerus cordofanus (new record), Hydrocyrius colombiae colombiae (new record) and Belostoma bifo ve­ olatum (new record). Belostoma bifoveolatum was previously known only from South America, so it is recorded in the Old World for the first time. An illustrated identification key is compiled for the Israeli Belostomatidae species. A list of exotic Belostomatidae material accumulated in the collection of the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History is provided. KEYWORDS: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha, Belostomatidae, aquatic in sects, giant water bugs, identification key, male genitalia, Middle East, ta­ xonomy. INTRODUCTION The Belostomatidae is a family of aquatic heteropterans of almost world-wide distribution, although its greatest diversity is observed in the tropics (Merritt & Cummins 1996; Schuh & Slater 1995). The family includes the largest—up to 120 mm long—representatives of Heteroptera, which are known as the giant water bugs or electric-light bugs, because they are attracted to light sources at night (Ri- beiro et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of the External Morphology and Functions of Labial Tip Sensilla in Semiaquatic Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 111(2): 275–297, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.033 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) A comparison of the external morphology and functions of labial tip sensilla in semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) 1 2 JOLANTA BROŻeK and HERBERT ZeTTeL 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum, entomological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Gerromorpha, labial tip sensilla, pattern, morphology, function, apomorphic characters Abstract. The present study provides new data on the morphology and distribution of the labial tip sensilla of 41 species of 20 gerro- morphan (sub)families (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) obtained using a scanning electron microscope. There are eleven morphologically distinct types of sensilla on the tip of the labium: four types of basiconic uniporous sensilla, two types of plate sensilla, one type of peg uniporous sensilla, peg-in-pit sensilla, dome-shaped sensilla, placoid multiporous sensilla and elongated placoid multiporous sub- apical sensilla. Based on their external structure, it is likely that these sensilla are thermo-hygrosensitive, chemosensitive and mechano- chemosensitive. There are three different designs of sensilla in the Gerromorpha: the basic design occurs in Mesoveliidae and Hebridae; the intermediate one is typical of Hydrometridae and Hermatobatidae, and the most specialized design in Macroveliidae, Veliidae and Gerridae. No new synapomorphies for Gerromorpha were identified in terms of the labial tip sensilla, multi-peg structures and shape of the labial tip, but eleven new diagnostic characters are recorded for clades currently recognized in this infraorder.
    [Show full text]
  • The Semiaquatic Hemiptera of Minnesota (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Donald V
    The Semiaquatic Hemiptera of Minnesota (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Donald V. Bennett Edwin F. Cook Technical Bulletin 332-1981 Agricultural Experiment Station University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ...................................3 Key to Adults of Nearctic Families of Semiaquatic Hemiptera ................... 6 Family Saldidae-Shore Bugs ............... 7 Family Mesoveliidae-Water Treaders .......18 Family Hebridae-Velvet Water Bugs .......20 Family Hydrometridae-Marsh Treaders, Water Measurers ...22 Family Veliidae-Small Water striders, Rime bugs ................24 Family Gerridae-Water striders, Pond skaters, Wherry men .....29 Family Ochteridae-Velvety Shore Bugs ....35 Family Gelastocoridae-Toad Bugs ..........36 Literature Cited ..............................37 Figures ......................................44 Maps .........................................55 Index to Scientific Names ....................59 Acknowledgement Sincere appreciation is expressed to the following individuals: R. T. Schuh, for being extremely helpful in reviewing the section on Saldidae, lending specimens, and allowing use of his illustrations of Saldidae; C. L. Smith for reading the section on Veliidae, checking identifications, and advising on problems in the taxon­ omy ofthe Veliidae; D. M. Calabrese, for reviewing the section on the Gerridae and making helpful sugges­ tions; J. T. Polhemus, for advising on taxonomic prob­ lems and checking identifications for several families; C. W. Schaefer, for providing advice and editorial com­ ment; Y. A. Popov, for sending a copy ofhis book on the Nepomorpha; and M. C. Parsons, for supplying its English translation. The University of Minnesota, including the Agricultural Experi­ ment Station, is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, creed, color, sex, national origin, or handicap. The information given in this publication is for educational purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of Larose Forest (Excluding Lepidoptera and Odonates)
    Insects of Larose Forest (Excluding Lepidoptera and Odonates) • Non-native species indicated by an asterisk* • Species in red are new for the region EPHEMEROPTERA Mayflies Baetidae Small Minnow Mayflies Baetidae sp. Small minnow mayfly Caenidae Small Squaregills Caenidae sp. Small squaregill Ephemerellidae Spiny Crawlers Ephemerellidae sp. Spiny crawler Heptageniiidae Flatheaded Mayflies Heptageniidae sp. Flatheaded mayfly Leptophlebiidae Pronggills Leptophlebiidae sp. Pronggill PLECOPTERA Stoneflies Perlodidae Perlodid Stoneflies Perlodid sp. Perlodid stonefly ORTHOPTERA Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids Gryllidae Crickets Gryllus pennsylvanicus Field cricket Oecanthus sp. Tree cricket Tettigoniidae Katydids Amblycorypha oblongifolia Angular-winged katydid Conocephalus nigropleurum Black-sided meadow katydid Microcentrum sp. Leaf katydid Scudderia sp. Bush katydid HEMIPTERA True Bugs Acanthosomatidae Parent Bugs Elasmostethus cruciatus Red-crossed stink bug Elasmucha lateralis Parent bug Alydidae Broad-headed Bugs Alydus sp. Broad-headed bug Protenor sp. Broad-headed bug Aphididae Aphids Aphis nerii Oleander aphid* Paraprociphilus tesselatus Woolly alder aphid Cicadidae Cicadas Tibicen sp. Cicada Cicadellidae Leafhoppers Cicadellidae sp. Leafhopper Coelidia olitoria Leafhopper Cuernia striata Leahopper Draeculacephala zeae Leafhopper Graphocephala coccinea Leafhopper Idiodonus kelmcottii Leafhopper Neokolla hieroglyphica Leafhopper 1 Penthimia americana Leafhopper Tylozygus bifidus Leafhopper Cercopidae Spittlebugs Aphrophora cribrata
    [Show full text]