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Barriers to the Development of Creative Industries in Culturally Diverse Region A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Klimczuk, Andrzej Article — Published Version Barriers to the Development of Creative Industries in Culturally Diverse Region Coactivity: Philosophy, Communication Suggested Citation: Klimczuk, Andrzej (2014) : Barriers to the Development of Creative Industries in Culturally Diverse Region, Coactivity: Philosophy, Communication, ISSN 2029-6320, VGTU Press, Vilnius, Vol. 22, Iss. 2, pp. 145-152, http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpc.2014.13 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/128609 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ www.econstor.eu COACTIVITY: Philosophy, Communication 2014, Vol. 22, No. 2, 145–152. ISSN 2029-6320/eISSN 2029-6339 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpc.2014.13 BARRIERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN CULTURALLY DIVERSE REGION Andrzej KLimcZUK Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland E-mail: [email protected] Received 15 March 2014; accepted 26 May 2014 The aim of this article is to describe the general conditions for the development of creative industries in Podlaskie Voivodship from Poland. This region on the background of the country is characterized by the highest level of cultural diversity and multiculturalism policy. However, there are a number of barriers for the creative industries. First article discusses the regional characteristics and then the basic theoretical ap- proaches and conclusions of the author’s own research. The following sections discuss the conclusions and recommendations for regional policy and management of cultural sector entities that may be relevant also for other culturally diverse regions. Keywords: creative industries, management of cultural institutions, diversity, regional policy. Introduction This article is based on a critical assess- ment of the main conclusions from the Polish At the beginning of 21st century growing im- project “Diagnosis of Participation in Culture portance of culture in socio-economic develop- in Podlaskie Voivodship” (Poleszczuk et al. ment is observed. Cultural industries and the 2012; Klimczuk 2013a). It was completed in wider creative industries represent the area that 2012 by The Aleksander Węgierko Drama is the main source of economic growth. In this Theater in Bialystok and SocLab Foundation article’s conclusion from the study of barriers to as a part of Culture Observatory program development of creative industries in culturally maintained by the Ministry of Culture and diverse regions will be discussed. Diversity can National Heritage of the Republic of Poland. provide both resources for endogenous develop- The primary objective of this project was to ment, as well as be a barrier in communication provide a complete, adequate, reliable and or a source of conflicts between different ethnic practical knowledge in the field of cultural and national groups. Therefore implementation participation, needs and perceptions by the of strategies towards multicultural and diversity region’s inhabitants. A second aim was to de- management is important. termine the quantitative and qualitative image Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by VGTU Press. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The material cannot be used for commercial purposes. 145 146 Andrzej Klimczuk Barriers to the development of creative industries in culturally diverse region of cultural institutions and the assessment of rate in 2011 year was 14.1% and exceeded the artistic activity management. national average 12.5%. Value of GDP per capita Diagnosis includes the use of a range of re- in 2010 year was 26985 PLN (about 8881 USD search methods and techniques: desk research, or 6388 EUR), while the national average was 4 focus group interviews, 5 individual in-depth 37096 PLN (about 12209 USD or 8781 EUR). interviews, computer-assisted telephone in- Podlaskie Voivodeship is the part of Poland terviews on the sample of 550 residents of with the biggest populations of national and Podlaskie Voivodship aged 15–74, pen and ethnic minorities (GUS 2008). The region is paper interviews with 150 high culture us- characterized by the residence and activities of ers from Bialystok as well as computer-aided representatives and institutions of the following web interviews with 150 Drama Theater users. groups: Belarusians (46 thousand), Lithuanians Conclusions from these studies may be useful (5 thousand), Ukrainians (1.4 thousand), for researchers and managers of cultural institu- Russians (0.6 thousand), Jews (several fami- tions in the culturally diverse regions. lies), Tatars and Roma (about 0.3 thousand). The region also inhabits religious-denomina- tional groups (Orthodox Christians, Muslims, Cultural diversity and multiculturalism Protestants, Old Believers), regional communi- policy in Podlaskie Voivodeship ties (Bialystok, Lomza, Suwalki), communities distinguished by the culture of origin/historical Podlaskie Voivodeship, with its capital in the nationality (peasants, post-nobility, small town) city of Bialystok is situated in the eastern part and migrants. This diversity has been generally of Poland. It borders with Belarusian Voblasts recognized by the authorities of the region and of Grodno and Brest to the east, Lithuanian considered as one of its key strengths in strategy Counties of Alytus and Marijampolė to the development (UMWP 2006: 5). However, in northeast and with the Kaliningrad Oblast the updated strategy, it was found that cultural of Russia to the north. The region covers an diversity has not resulted in the development area of 20.180 km², i.e. 6.4% of the Poland. In of regional tourism and economy. Therefore it 2011, the 31.9% region surface was areas for was decided to move away from a regional vi- nature conservation (GUS 2013). In the years sion in which the multiculturalism policy was 1988–2011 there was a slight increase in the one of the guiding principles. A new vision is: number of residents – from 1188 thousand “Podlaskie Voivodeship: green, open, accessible inhabitants in 1988 to 1200 thousand in 2011 and entrepreneurial” (UMWP 2013: 19, 23). A. (GUS 2003: 32; GUS 2013). According to the Sadowski, a reviewer of the final report of the estimates of Central Statistical Office from 2008 project “Diagnosis of Participation in Culture in the reduction in the number of the region’s Podlaskie Voivodship”, stressed a similar obser- population is expected (GUS 2009: 173). Until vation. He claims: “A review of statistical data 2035 year, there will be 120 thousand inhabit- on participation in culture as well as cultural of- ants less in Podlaskie Voivodeship. The region is fers conducted from the perspective of regional characterized by a negative balance of internal cultural policy, especially two generalizations and international migration for permanent re- are worthy of highlight. The authors suggest, sidence. In 2011 year amounted –1.6 per 1000 in principle, the lack of regional cultural indus- population and was higher than the national tries and the fact that the cultural diversity of average equal –0.1. The region is characteri- residents is not reflected in action programs” zed by poor industrialization – there are two (Sadowski 2012: 2). important development directions: agriculture Desk research of strategic documents in and tourism. The registered unemployment Podlaskie Voivodship showed that cultural COACTIVITY: Philosophy, Communication 2014, 22(2): 145–152 147 diversity was defined in a very general way. experts considered that the construction of a Actually carried out or planned for the imple- multicultural society in the region is becoming mentation projects and activities that encour- a kind of myth. These opinions were supported age or exploit related dimension of cultural by examples of closing the minority groups to capital resources were not pointed out in the cooperate and the absence of benefits for the re- documents. For example, “Program for Cultural gion through its promotion by multiculturalism Development of Podlaskie Voivodeship to in comparing it to other regions of the country. 2020” very generally recognized this issue as It was noted that the region lacks
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