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Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final Report of SUSMIN Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN -project ERA-MIN – SUSMIN -Project Final Report December 2018 Editors: T. Lahtinen (Geological Survey of Finland), A. Pasanen (Geological Survey of Finland), K. Turunen (Geological Survey of Finland), A. Lima (University of Porto), A. Fiúza (University of Porto), M. Szlachta (Wrocław University of Technology), P. Wójtowicz (Wrocław University of Technology), R. Maftei (Geological Institute of Romania), C. Baciu (Babeș-Bolyai University) & S. Nieminen (Kainuu Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment) Reviewed by: The SUSMIN -project (Tools for sustainable gold mining in EU) was implemented under the ERA-MIN Programme (Network on the Industrial Handling of Raw Materials for European Industries) in the first ERA-MIN Joint Call on Sustainable and Responsible Supply of Primary Resources (2013). Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN –project Keywords: Gold, Mining, Environment, Exploration, Mineral processing, Mine waste, Environmental monitoring, Social license to operate In bibliography, this report should be cited as follows: Lahtinen, T., Pasanen, A., Turunen, K., Lima, A., Fiúza, A., Szlachta, M., Wójtowicz, P., Maftei, R., Baciu, C. & Nieminen, S. (eds.). 2018. Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN -project. Report /ERA-MIN –SUSMIN Final Report, 245 pages. © Geological Survey of Finland 2018. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior permission of Geological Survey of Finland. Geological Survey of Finland /ERA-MIN SUSMIN Final Report Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN –project GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND DOCUMENTATION PAGE December 2018 / 88/2018 Authors Type of report Editors: Antti Pasanen, Tatu Lahtinen, Kaisa GTK Open File Work Report Turunen, Alexandre Lima, António Fiúza, Małgorzata Szlachta, Patryk Wójtowicz, Commission by ERA-MIN Programme Raluca Maftei, Calin Baciu, Soile Nieminen Title of report Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN -project Abstract SUSMIN -project developed comprehensive environmental and social management methodologies for sustainable gold mining in Europe. The development work included: 1. Geographical information system and geophysical methods for gold exploration, 2. Chemicals for gold benefication to replace cyanide and piloting traditional gravimetric and flotation benefication techniques, 3. New water treatment chemicals and piloting water treatment on-site, 4. Methods to increase chemical stability in mine backfill and tailings disposal strategies, 5. Geochemical and isotopic characterization of contaminant migration in water phase, new environmental characterization methods to predict contaminant behaviour in recipient waters, environmental risk assessment, 6. Study of social license to operate in Romanian gold mines and road map of research social impact in Finland The project was coordinated by the Geological Survey of Finland and the project consortium consisted of the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Luleå Tekniska Universitet (LTU), Geological Institute of Romania (GIR), Babes-Bolyai University (UBB), Wrocław University of Technology (WUT), University of Porto (UP) and TCD (The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars, and the Other Members of Board, of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin) In addition following companies participated the project: S.C. Rosia Montanã Gold Corporation S.A., Romania, S.C. Samax Romania SRL/Euro Sun Mining Inc., Romania, Medgold Resources Ltd, Portugal, Agnico Eagle Finland Oy, Finland, Dragon Mining Oy, Finland and Dragon Mining Sweden Ab, Mineral Exploration Network (Suomi) Oy, Finland, Outotec Finland Oy, Finland, Kemira Oyj, Finland, Oulu Water Alliance Oy, Finland Keywords Gold, Mining, Environment, Exploration, Mineral processing, Mine waste, Environmental monitoring, Social license to operate Geographical area Finland, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Portugal, Ireland Map sheet Other information Geological Survey of Finland /ERA-MIN SUSMIN Final Report Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN –project Report serial Archive code GTK Open File Work Report 88/2018 Total pages Language Price Confidentiality 245 p. English Public Unit and section Project code Industrial environments and recycling 50404-40006 SUSMIN Signature/name Signature/name Tatu Lahtinen Research Scientist Geological Survey of Finland /ERA-MIN SUSMIN Final Report Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN –project Documentation pages Contents How and why the project started ....................................................................................... 1 Funding bodies ................................................................................................................. 1 Project consortium ............................................................................................................ 1 S. Nieminen Current state of gold mining in Europe .............................................................................. 3 Current challenges in gold mining in Europe ..................................................................... 3 Objectives of the project ................................................................................................... 5 References ....................................................................................................................... 5 A. Lima, S. Leal, R. Moura, A. Pivtorak, H. Sant’Ovaia, A. Baptista, P. Santos & J. Mortensen Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 6 Development of Geographical Information System ........................................................... 6 Study sites ................................................................................................................. 6 Geological setting of Valongo belt .............................................................................. 7 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 8 Results ...................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 9 Development of geophysical techniques for gold exploration ................................... 15 Sites ........................................................................................................................ 15 Methods ................................................................................................................... 15 Results .................................................................................................................... 16 New U-Pb Zircon Dating in Northern Portugal ................................................................. 21 Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................ 24 References ..................................................................................................................... 26 A. Fiúza, M. Szlachta, P. Wójtowicz, R. Maftei, C. Baciu, F. Noronha, A. Futuro, M.C. Vila, M.L. Dinis, T. Korhonen & A. Taskinen Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 28 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 29 Mineralogical and chemical characterization ................................................................... 29 Geological Survey of Finland /ERA-MIN SUSMIN Final Report Tools for Sustainable Gold Mining in Europe – Final report of SUSMIN –project Characterization and sampling ................................................................................. 29 Sample preparation and mineralogy study ............................................................... 31 Metallographic results and short description ................................................................... 34 Gossan and hypogene minerals (sulphide and oxide) .............................................. 34 Sulphide samples .................................................................................................... 36 Gold: nature and occurrence ........................................................................................... 39 Chemical characterization ............................................................................................... 42 Semi-quantitative and/or quantitative analyses in gold particles ............................... 42 Chemical analyses ................................................................................................... 42 Development of mineral processing to concentrate selectively different gold bearing minerals .......................................................................................................................... 43 Preparation of the samples – CSQ10 and CSQ30 Castromil Ore......................... 43 Experimental Methodology - Pre-concentration stages ...........................................
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