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Zbigniew Cybulskl

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Zbigniew Cybulskl zBIGNIEW cYBULsKl FlLMBARÁTOK KlSKÖNYVTARA kortársaink a filmmúvészetben NÉPMÜVELÉSl PROPAGANDA lRoDA C\l é e,I G)CrD FoD - Minek hordta azt a sötét szemüveget? Télen, nyáron - mindig azt viselte. Minden filmjében abban szerepelt. - Láttam egy filmet, a Hamu és gyénuíntot, Ott egy helyen elmondja egy lánynak, aki szintén azt kérdezi, hogy minek jár sötét szemüvegben. Minek? Es ő elnreséli, hogy a : megszifllás idején csaknem végig csatornákban l. i az utcák alatt vannak. Es l élt, azokban, amik most, a háború után,.sötét szemüvegben kell r járnia, mert a nappali fény nagyon bántja a szemét. Fáj a szeme a fénytől. Nagyon hozzá- szokott a sötétseghez azokban a csatornákban. -"De ezt, hogy is mondjam, uram, ezt a filmben mondja. Attól még nem kell, hogy igaz legyen. Részlet Edward Stachura: S z ekerc ekirma című kisregényéb ő1 FILMBARÁTOK KI§KONWTÁRA a KELEcsÉNyIL^szLó |'l Zbigniew Cgbulski I s Kortdrvink a ftlmművészetben I r I r L ]:a, AMAGYARFIur,íruootvtÁNyInrÉzpr ÉspIuraaRcHívuu es,q, NÉpIuiJVerÉsIpRopeGANDA IRoDA közös kiadványa szqkesztette KARCSAI KIJLCSÁR ISTVÁN Lektorálttík NEMES rÁRory v§RE§s JÓZSEF Sorozat fedéltem GREMPSPERGER NÁNDOR §sN 0133 - l84l ISBN 9ó3 s62M8 EGy FILMszíNBsz ivrí tosza A korai halál mindig tragikus. A befejezetlenség, a váratlanul félbeszakadt életútönkéntelenül is tragikus él- ménykénthat a túlélőkre. A tel|esítetlen igéretek és a ki nem használt lehetőségek pedig a halottról születő le- gendák forrásai. Mi lett volna, ha , . .? Mit tehetett, alkot- hatott volna még, ha tovább él? A képzelet és a íantázta játékának ennyi elég. A hírneves ember halála m.eg inkább tragikus. A sze- retetnek és tiszteletnek örvendő, népxerű ember kilépése az élők sorábó] megrettenti s talán még fel is háborítja a környezetét. Felborzolja az idegeket, mint a halál érintése általában, de még némi visszatetszést isvkivált, mert a bio- |ógiai törvények feltétlenségérőltanúskodik. S igazán fel- háborító, hogy m€ intézményesült kedvenceink sem kivé- telek némely élettani folyamat alól. A filmszínész, a közismert sztár halála már-már köz- ügy. Hírérepánik tör ki a rajongók között. Temetésén letapossák egymást az embérek és autogramot kérnek je- lesebb pályatársaitól. Aztán útjára indul az elhalt személy kultusza. Hódolói illendően meggyászolják és a sírján mindig lesz friss virág. Ha netán önkezével vetett véget élete és karrierje elviselhetetlenségének, szorgos kezek bonolgatiák múltjának és sorsának reitett titkait. Ha bal- eset érte vagy gyilkos betegség ragadta el fiatalon, élet- raizírői meg nem élt jövőjén ábrándoznak. Zbigniew. Cybulski több mint tíz éve halott. Bár - hirtelen távozott az élők sorából, halálát mégsem lehet teljes egészébentragikusnak tekinteni, mert nem a kérlel- hetetlen, makacs vfuzet okozta. Nem kis szerepe volt benne magának az embernek, aki elvenvedte, Halála íolytatása volt zaklatott, rohanó életének. Zbigniew Cybulski mégsem halt meg egészen. S nem- csak emlékezetes filmszerepei révénél a régi és új nézők tudatában. Hogy alakja a mai napig sem tűnt el a filmtör- ténet múltbavesző figurái között, abban jelentős szerepe van utóéletének. Voltak. nem is kevesen, akik gondoskod- tak róla, hogy híre-neve fennmaradjon a múlékonydics- fény röpke hónapjai és évei teltével. Jan Laskowski Zbyvek címmel portréfilmet állí- tott óssze emlékezetes filmszerepeiből. Andrzej Wajda a Minden eladó című filmiével állított maradandó emléket barátjának és alkotótár§ának. 1969-ben barátai és pályatársai. színészek. rendezők, írók visszaemlékezéseiből összeállított kötetet adtak ki Varóban. Azóta tijabb, színészimunkáját elemző könyvet írtak róla Lengyelországban. Jerzy Afanasjew inkább a színházi, Konrad Eberhardt pedig a filmszínészt állította előtérbe. Cybulski bevonult a szépirodalomba is. Edward Stachura idézett kisregényének állandóan visszatérő mo- tívuma az ő balesete, Janusz Glowacki egyik novellájában a Hamu és gyémántot utánozza a kapatos társaság. Marek Nowakowski egyik hőse vodka mellett idézi kedvenc szí, nészét, Egy varsói újság körkérdésére - ki az elmúlt har- minc év l€népszerűbb színésze?- cybulskit az ötödik helyre sorolták az olvasók. Élő sztárokkal vette fel a ver, senyt. népszerű színészeket utasított emlékével maga mögé. Mindezt alig egy évvel ezelőtt. S ma sem lehet ú9y átlapozni egy lengyel filmfolyó, 6 irat évfolyamát, hogy ne találnánk róla szóló vagy vele közvetve foglalkozó cikket, emlékező írást. Nem lehet át- lapozni a képes újstígot, hogy legalább havonta ne tűnne fel a fotója a színes vagy fekete-fehér oldalakon. Halálával csak fokozta azt a kultuszt, amely már életében kialakult körülötte. ,,Több volt, mint kiváló szí- nész és lebilincselő egyéniség. Való*ígos megtestesítőie volt egy típusnak, sőt egy országnak, egy meghatározott időszaknak is" - mondja róla Boleslaw Michalek. (ldézi Bikácsy Gergely: Andrze| Wajda c. kónyvében, Gondolat 1975. 152.| Cybulsk] tehát már életébenmítikus hős volt, Közvetítő médium a történelem és a jelen, a tegnap és a ma között. Rég halott vagy felnőtt nemzedÉk képviselője a filmvásznon, farmernadrágban, pulóverben, sotét szemü- veggel arcán, egy úiabb nemzedék jellegzetes divatjába öltözve. Hogyan lett a színészből mítosz, a népszerű sztárból legenda? Hogyan vált egy ember a történelem médiumává? Milyen következményekkel iárt ez színészi pályájára és életére nézve? Nagyjából ezekre kellene válaszolni a követ- kezö oldalakon. Kezdjük a tényekkel. , r FILMOGRÁFIA A mi nemzedékünk (Pokolenie} - Andrzej Wajda, 1954 Karrier (Kariera} - Jan Koecher, 1954 Három start (Trzy starty} - Stanislaw Lenartowicz, 1954 A holt tárna títka (Tajemnica dzikiego szybu) - Wadim Berestowski, 1955 Az éjuaka vége |Koniec nocy} - Julian Dziedzina, Pawel Komorowski és Walentyna Uszycka, 1955 Hajóroncsok (Wraki) - Ewa és Czeslaw Pet€lski, 1956 A hét nyolcadik napia (Ósmy dzien tygodnia) - Ateksander Ford, t957 Hamu és gyémánt (Popiót idiament) - AndrzejWaida,'l958 Kitűntetés (Krzyz Walecznych) - Kazimierz Kutz, 1958 Éjszakai vonat |Pociagl - Jerzy Kawalerowicz, 1959 Víszontláésra, holnap! (Do widzenia, do iutra!l - Janusz Moroen§tern, 1959 (egyben a forgatókönyv társszerzője) Ártatlan varázslók (Niewinni czarodzieie| - Andrzei Waida, 1 959 Elválás (Rozstanie) - Wojciech Has, 1960 A baba (La poupée, francia produkció) - Jacques Baratier, 1961 Menta ta (Le thé á la menthe), francia rövid játékfilm - Pierre Kafian, 1961 Húszévesek gerelme (Milosc dwudziestolatków, lengyel epizód) Andrzej Wajda, 1 961 Elkéstt járókelők (Spóznieni przechodnie) - Jan Rybkow- ski, 1962 85 I-.- tJtbn Párizs felé lJakbyc kochana) - Wojciech Has, 1962 A gyilkos és a lány (Zbrodniarz j panna) Janusz Nasfeter, 1962 - Egy háza§g hétköznapjai (lch dzien powszedni) - Alek- sander Scibor-Rylski, l 962 Hallgaés (Milczenie) - Kazimierz Kutz,1963 Nincs többé válás (Rozwodów nie bedzie} Jerzy Stefan Stawinski, í963 - Egy olae Varsóban (Giuseppe w Warszawie} Stanislaw Lenartowicz, 1963 - Zaragozai kézírat(Rekopis znaleziony w Saragossie) Woj- ciech Has, 1964 - (Att Szeretni álska, wéd produkció) - Jörn Donner, 1964 E^gy9ternisák (Pingwin} - Jerzy Steían Stawinski, í964 Szaltó lSaló) - Tadeusz Konwicki, 1964 Eppen a város közepén (Sam posród miasta) Halina Bie. Iinska, l965 - É1 azán Mexikó (Jutro Meksykt - Aleksander Scibor-Ryl- ski, 1965 |, ?nq előe§j,e (Przedsriateczny wieczór) Jerzy Ste- fan Stawinski, 1965 - Me$er (M istrzl - Jerzy Antczak, 1 966 Titkosíánk (Szyfry) - Wojciech Has, 1966 Teljes gőzzel előre lC.,ala naprzód) Stanislaw Lenarto- wicz,1966 - Jowíta - Janusz Morgenstern, 1966 gyilkos A nyonpt hagy (Morderca zostawia slad} - Alek- sander Scibor-Rylski, 1967 86 KÉPEK JEGYZÉKE 1. Hamu 6 gyémání, Cybulski és Adam Pawlikowd<i 21 2. Ewa Kryzard<a és Cybu|ski a Hamu á gyémántban 25 3. Cybulski a Hamu $gyémánt.ban fll 4. Cybulski az Éiszakai wnat-ban § 5. A gyilkos és a lány című f ilmben 38 6. A gyilkos 6 a lány című f ilrüen lP 7. A,Zangoai kézirat című f i]rrűen ll8 8. (Jtban Párizs felé 55 9. Egy olaz Varsóban ú) 10. Ésaztán Mexikó 6I 11. Ésaztán Mexikó 69 12. A gyilkos nwmot hqy 71 13. Vigontlátáya holnap 74 14. Kitúntet& Tl 15. Húszéveckgerelme 81 \ n a7 /1 -, TARTALoM Egy f ilmszínész mítosza 5 l. AzELőzuÉmvrr 8 Életraizi adatok 8 A pálya kezdetén 9 A lengyel dráma és a |engyel f ilmművészet 14 ll, A MÍToSz sZÜLETÉSE 19 Az eló kiemelkedő szerep: HAMU ÉS CYÉMÁNT ts A siker után 32 A hatvanas évek fordulata 37 Epizódszerepek 40 Cybulski külföldön 41 lll, A MIJLT FoGSÁGÁBAN 44 A túlélő Maciek: grJszÉvespK szERELME 44 Maciek ellenpontja: ÚrsnN PÁRlZS FELÉ 47 Maifigurák 52 Vígjáték és kosztüm 54 Cybulski a színpadon 56 lV. KoM ÉDlÁr ÁLancÁeeNl Ugrás a múltba: SZALTÓ 59 : tjiabbepizódszerepek 64 ) Eltorzult arcok 65 Még egyszer a múltról 73 V. sZELLEMlDÉZÉs76 Nélküle - de róla 76 A Cybulskidráma 82 FlLMoGRÁFlA 85 KÉPEK JEGYZÉKE 87 1i.l, .,i t ,,.,^ b l ,:::d .a l 89 ?et ,§',r Fl LMBARÁTOK KlSKÖNYVTÁRA kortársa ink a f i lmművészetben t Eddig megjelent: I Nádasy László: FÁBRl zoLTÁN ir Neme§kürty lstván: GRlGoRlJ KozlNcEV Molnár Gál Péter: rÖnőcslr n/lRnl tt Dániel Ferenc: GlAN MARlA VOLONTÉ * Gyertyán Ervin: JANCSÓ rrltlrlÓs ,}, Nemes Károly: PlER PAOLO PASOL|Nl Karcsai Kulcsár lswán: MlCHELANGELO ANTONlONl Nemes Károly: TONY RICHARDSON Veress József ; MlHAlL ROMM Karcsai Kulcsár lstván: SZABÓ |STVÁN Nemes, Károlyl MITTA, PANFl LOV, TARKOVSZKlJ Eroelyt z. Agne§: JEANNE MOBEAU Szabó György: GAÁL lsTVÁN A MAGYAR FlLMTUDoMÁtvyt lrurÉzer és FlLMARCHíVUM esR ruÉpnaŰVELÉsl PRoPAGANDA tRoDA közös kiadványsorozata Utánnyolníis Kiadia a Népművelési Píopaganda l roda Fk.: Nemes lván igazgató Készült a NPl nyordáiában Budap€st, 6963-78 FV.: Vymeták Ferenc L- Aro l 10,- Ft.
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