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The Development of Appropriate Procedures Towards and After Closure of Underground Gold Mines from a Water Management Perspective
THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES TOWARDS AND AFTER CLOSURE OF UNDERGROUND GOLD MINES FROM A WATER MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE Report to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION by W Pulles, S Banister and M van Biljon on hehalf of PULLES HOWARD & DE LANGE INCORPORATED RISON GROUNDWATER CONSULTING cc WRC Report No: 1215/1/05 ISBN No: 1-77005-237-2 MARCH 2005 Disclaimer This report emanates from a project financed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC or the members of the project steering committee, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A need was identified by the Water Research Commission to undertake research into the issue of mine closure planning from a water management perspective in the South African gold mining industry. Initially a project was conceived that was based on undertaking a more detailed study on the development of a coherent and integrated closure planning process for a case study region – the Klerksdorp-Orkney-Stilfontein-Hartebeestfontein (KOSH) area. This approach was eventually abandoned due to the unwillingness of the gold mines in this region (other than Anglogold) to participate in the project. The project methodology was subsequently modified and approved by the project Steering Committee to rather study the complete South African gold mining industry and develop a closure planning methodology that would have application throughout the industry. In support of such an industry-wide study, an assessment would be undertaken of the current status of closure planning contained within the mine EMPRs. -
Energy and Water
ENERGY AND WATER 137 Pocket Guide to South Africa 2011/12 ENERGY AND WATER Energy use in South Africa is characterised by a high level of dependence on cheap and abundantly available coal. South Africa imports a large amount of crude oil. A limited quantity of natural gas is also available. The Department of Energy’s Energy Policy is based on the following key objectives: • ensuring energy security • achieving universal access and transforming the energy sector • regulating the energy sector • effective and efficient service delivery • optimal use of energy resources • ensuring sustainable development • promoting corporate governance. Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) The IRP lays the foundation for the country’s energy mix up to 2030, and seeks to find an appropriate balance between the expectations of different stakeholders considering a number of key constraints and risks, including: • reducing carbon emissions • new technology uncertainties such as costs, operability and lead time to build • water usage • localisation and job creation • southern African regional development and integration • security of supply. The IRP provides for a diversified energy mix, in terms of new generation capacity, that will comprise: • coal at 14% (government’s view is that there is a future for coal in the energy mix, and that it should continue research and development to find ways to clean the country’s abundant coal resources) • nuclear at 22,6% • open-cycle gas turbine at 9,2% and closed-cycle gas turbine at 5,6% • renewable energy carriers, which include hydro at 6,1%, wind at 19,7%, concentrated solar power at 2,4% and photovoltaic at 19,7%. -
The Geology of the Country Around Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp
r I! I I . i UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA DJ;;~!~RTMENT OF MINES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTRY AROUND POTCHEFSTROOM AND KLERKSDORP , An Explanation of Sheet No. 61 (Potchefstroom). BY LOUIS T. NEL, D.Se., F.G.S., F. C. TRUTER, M.A., Ph.D, J. WILLEMSE, Ph.D., incorporating previous observations by E. T. MELLOR, D.Se., F,G.S. Published by Authority of the Honourable the Minister of Mines {COPYRiGHT1 PRINTED IN THE UNION OF SoUTH AFRICA BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER. PRETORIA 1939 G.P.-S.4423-1939-1,500. 9 ,ad ;est We are indebted to Western Reefs Exploration and Development Company, Limited, and to the Union Corporation, Limited, who have generously furnished geological information obtained in the red course of their drilling in the country about Klerksdorp. We are also :>7 1 indebted to Dr. p, F. W, Beetz whose presentation of the results of . of drilling carried out by the same company provides valuable additions 'aal to the knowledge of the geology of the district, and to iVIr. A, Frost the for his ready assistance in furnishing us with the results oUhe surveys the and drilling carried out by his company, Through the kind offices ical of Dr. A, L du Toit we were supplied with the production of diamonds 'ing in the area under description which is incorporated in chapter XL lim Other sources of information or assistance given are specifically ers acknowledged at appropriate places in this report. (LT,N.) the gist It-THE AREA AND ITS PHYSICAL FEATURES, ond The area described here is one of 2,128 square miles and extends )rs, from latitude 26° 30' to 27° south and from longtitude 26° 30' to the 27° 30' east. -
Insights from Selected Case Studies
Water Research Commission 40 Year Celebration Conference 31 August – 1 September 2011; Emperor‟s Palace, Kempton Park, Johannesburg (South Africa) BLUE vs. TRUE GOLD Impacts of deep level gold mining on water resources in South Africa – insights from selected case studies Frank Winde NWU Potchefstroom Campus Mine Water Research Group Contents (1) Introduction (2) Au mining impacts on water resources: 3 x case studies (A) Dewatering of karst aquifers (B) Uranium pollution (C) Flooding of mine voids (AMD decant) (3) The future? Largest urban agglomeration in Africa: - triggered by Au rush 125 years ago, today: - 25% population SA - 50% of energy consumption in Africa - 70% GDP SA Ferreira Camp (1886) ~400 x diggers - 70 km from nearest major river: strongly negative water balance imports from Lesotho Johannesburg (2011) ~4 million residents 50 Total surface runoff ) 45 40 km³/a 35 Economically 30 exploitable run off 25 demand ( demand 20 15 total water water 10 5 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 125 years of Au production: >6 bn t of tailings covering ~400 km² Total since 1886: 42,000 t 1970: Peak of SA gold production (989 t) = 68% of world production 17m all gold ever poured: 127 000 t Au 17m 33%: SA worldwide more steel is poured in 1 hour …1700 1400 Au-prize [$/oz] 1300 ‚Sunset industry‘? SA: 35.000t Au still available 1200 15 kt accessible with current technology 20 kt ultra deep mining needed 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 price [US$/ ounce] [US$/ price - 500 Au 400 WDL 300 200 m 4300 > 100 0 2011 1900 1870 1880 1890 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 2010 1850 1860 1960 1990 2000 1970 1980 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1. -
Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment
Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................ -
2. TWE Golden Valley Wind Power Project-17 Jul12.Pdf
UNFCCC/CCNUCC CDM – Executive Board Page 1 PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM FOR CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES (F-CDM-PDD) Version 04.1 PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT (PDD) Title of the project activity TWE Golden Valley Wind Power Project Version number of the PDD 01 Completion date of the PDD 29/05/2012 Project participant(s) Terra Wind Energy – Golden Valley (Pty) Limited Host Party(ies) South Africa Sectoral scope and selected methodology(ies) Sectoral Scope 1 ACM0002 (version 13.0.0) Estimated amount of annual average GHG 481,997 tCO2e emission reductions UNFCCC/CCNUCC CDM – Executive Board Page 2 SECTION A. Description of project activity A.1. Purpose and general description of project activity The purpose of the TWE Golden Valley Wind Power Project is the construction of a 147.6 MW wind power plant in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The wind park will consist of 82 Vestas V100-1.8 MW turbines. It is estimated that the project activity will supply 509,303 MWh of clean electricity to the South African national electricity grid per year resulting in a net load factor of 39.39%. The project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected renewable power plant. Therefore, according to ACM0002 (version 13.0.0), the baseline scenario is: “Electricity delivered to the grid by the project activity would have otherwise been generated by the operation of grid-connected power plants and by the addition of new generation sources, as reflected in the combined margin (CM) calculations described in the “Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system” The baseline scenario is the same as the scenario existing prior to the start of the implementation of the project activity. -
Telkom Workshop with the Portfolio Committee on Communications in Parliament
Telkom Workshop with the Portfolio Committee on Communications in Parliament 06 – 07 October 2004 Terms of Reference The Portfolio Committee on Communications has requested Telkom to present on the technical and regulatory aspects of its business 2 Introducing the Telkom Delegation • Nkenke Kekana Group Executive – Regulatory & Public Policy • Benitto Lekalakala Executive – Parliament, Policy & Legislation • Wally Broeders Executive – Integrated Network Planning • Jack Tlokana Senior Specialist – RC: Advanced Technology • Graham Keet Senior Specialist – RC: Special Markets • Josephine Mabotja Senior Specialist – Competition Law & Economics • Izaak Coetzee Senior Specialist - Regulatory Economics • Nozicelo Ngcobo Senior Specialist – Research and Strategy • Keso Mbali Senior Specialist - Multi-media and Convergence • Maphelo Mvunelwa Specialist – Parliamentary Liaison 3 Agenda items • Overview of the Current • Interconnection Regulatory Environment • Carrier Pre-Selection • Overview of the Expected Regulatory Environment • Number Portability • Telkom Licences • Network Planning and Management • Numbering Plans • Square Kilometre Array (SKA) • COA/CAM • Convergence 4 Overview of the Current Regulatory Environment in South Africa International Telecommunications Reform • Early 1990’s - end of telecommunications natural monopoly across the world as administered by governments • Economic and technological developments necessitated a review of the treatment of telecommunications • WTO, ITU, EU and other international bodies reassessed the increasing -
South African Peatlands: Ecohydrological Characteristics and Socio-Economic Value
SOUTH AFRICAN PEATLANDS: ECOHYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE Report to the Water Research Commission By P-L Grundling1,3,6, AT Grundling2,7, L Pretorius1,6, J Mulders4 and S Mitchell5 1 – WetResT 2 – ARC-ISCW 3 – DEA, NRM, Working for Wetlands 4 – Prime Africa Consultants 5 – Bufo Technology 6 – UFS-CEM 7 – UNISA-ABEERU WRC Report No. 2346/1/17 ISBN 978-1-4312-0892-0 June 2017 Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 [email protected] or download from www.wrc.org.za The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled Investigation of Peatland Characteristics and Processes as well as Understanding of their Contribution to the South African Wetland Ecological Infrastructure (WRC Project No. K5/2346) DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Printed in the Republic of South Africa © WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is globally accepted that ecosystems, as natural features in the landscape, provide environmental, social and economic benefits to associated communities. The value of ecosystems in providing these ecosystem services is becoming increasingly evident. There is a growing recognition of the importance of the services delivered by freshwater ecosystems to human well-being. Ecosystem services are quantifiable benefits people receive from ecosystems. Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems. Due to their ecological complexity, wetlands provide a variety of goods and services of value to society. -
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps DRAFT May 2009 South African National Biodiversity Institute Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Contents List of tables .............................................................................................................................. vii List of figures............................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Criteria for identifying threatened ecosystems............................................................... 10 3 Summary of listed ecosystems ........................................................................................ 12 4 Descriptions and individual maps of threatened ecosystems ...................................... 14 4.1 Explanation of descriptions ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Listed threatened ecosystems ................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1 Critically Endangered (CR) ................................................................................................................ 16 1. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (FFd 4) .......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Blesbokspruit Highveld Grassland -
The Geohydrology and Related Stability of the Dolomite Aquifer Underlying Ikageng: Potchefstroom
The geohydrology and related stability of the dolomite aquifer underlying Ikageng: Potchefstroom JJ Smit 24081809 Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae in Environmental Sciences (specialising in Hydrology and Geohydrology) at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof I Dennis May 2017 Abstract Following large scale sinkhole formation on the Far West Rand as a direct result of mining related dolomite dewatering, groundwater is now known as an important factor affecting the stability of cavernous dolomite. Ikageng was developed partly on dolomitic land before the direct relationship between dolomite, dewatering and sinkhole formation was clearly understood. The Tlokwe Local Municipality (TLM) inherited the legal responsibility to ensure the safety of residents in the greater Ikageng who are at risk of subsidence and sinkhole formation. The TLM therefore initiated a dolomite risk assessment with the aim of having a dolomite risk management strategy (DRMS). The wealth of geotechnical and geophysical data in the area were interpreted to compile a sinkhole hazard zone map of dolomitic terrain in Ikageng. This map formed the basis of the risk assessment. Geohydrological factors that might be conducive to sinkhole formation were then identified as flags, and overlain on the hazard zone map. The single biggest threat identified in the area was the Kynoch Gypsum Tailings Dump. The Kynoch Fertilizer Factory in Potch-Industria was commissioned in 1967 and the resultant tailings facility was developed two kilometres to the west on dolomitic land. Gypsum precipitated out of a waste slurry for 35 years, leaving a 25 ha reservoir of highly toxic brine that is remobilised by rainwater. -
Project Name
PROPOSED UMSOBOMVU WIND ENERGY FACILITY, NORTHERN CAPE & EASTERN CAPE PROVINCES, SOUTH AFRICA VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Prepared for: InnoWind (Pty) Ltd PORT ELIZABETH 16 Irvine Street, Richmond Hill, Port Elizabeth, 6000 041 506 4900 www.innowind.com Prepared by: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services EAST LONDON 16 Tyrell Road, Berea East London, 5201 043 742 3302 Also in Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Cape Town, Johannesburg and Maputo www.cesnet.co.za June 2015 COPYRIGHT INFORMATION This document contains intellectual property and propriety information that is protected by copyright in favour of EOH Coastal & Environmental Services and the specialist consultants. The document may therefore not be reproduced, used or distributed to any third party without the prior written consent of EOH Coastal & Environmental Services. This document is prepared exclusively for submission to InnoWind (Pty) Ltd, and is subject to all confidentiality, copyright and trade secrets, rules intellectual property law and practices of South Africa. Visual Impact Assessment January 2015 This Report should be cited as follows: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services, January 2015: Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility, Visual Impact Assessment, East London. REVISIONS TRACKING TABLE CES Report Revision and Tracking Schedule Document Title Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility Visual Impact Assessment Client Name & InnoWind (Pty) Ltd. Address PO Box 1116 Port Elizabeth, 6000 South Africa Document Reference Status Draft Issue Date July 2015 Lead Author Ms Rosalie Evans EOH Coastal & Environmental Services Reviewer Dr Cherie-Lynn Mack EOH Coastal & Environmental Services Study Leader or Dr Cherie-Lynn Mack EOH Coastal & Registered Environmental Environmental Services Assessment Practitioner Approval Report Distribution Circulated to No. of hard No. electronic copies copies This document has been prepared in accordance with the scope of Coastal & Environmental Services (CES) appointment and contains intellectual property and proprietary information that is protected by copyright in favour of CES. -
Sustainable Energy Solutions for South Africa Ensuring Public Participation and Improved Accountability in Policy Processes
Sustainable energy solutions for South Africa Ensuring public participation and improved accountability in policy processes Compiled by Lucy Baker As a leading African human security research institution, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) works towards a stable and peaceful Africa characterised by sustainable development, human rights, the rule of law, democracy and collaborative security. The ISS realises this vision by: Q Undertaking applied research, training and capacity building Q Working collaboratively with others Q Facilitating and supporting policy formulation Q Monitoring trends and policy implementation Q Collecting, interpreting and disseminating information Q Networking on national, regional and international levels © 2011, Institute for Security Studies Copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Institute for Security Studies, and no part may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission, in writing, of both the authors and the publishers. The opinions expressed do not necessarily re!ect those of the Institute, its trustees, members of the Council or donors. Authors contribute to ISS publications in their personal capacity. ISBN 978-1-920422-38-7 First published by the Institute for Security Studies, P O Box 1787, Brooklyn Square 0075 Tshwane (Pretoria), South Africa www.issafrica.org Cover photograph Steve Kretzmann/West Cape News Design Marketing Support Services +27 12 346-2168 Typesetting Page Arts cc +27 21 686-0171 Printing Tandym Print Sustainable energy solutions for South Africa