Bibliographie Sur Les Jeunes En Afrique Subsaharienne : 2000-2009 Louis Audet-Gosselin Sous La Direction De Marie Nathalie Leblanc

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Bibliographie Sur Les Jeunes En Afrique Subsaharienne : 2000-2009 Louis Audet-Gosselin Sous La Direction De Marie Nathalie Leblanc Bibliographie sur les jeunes en Afrique subsaharienne : 2000-2009 Louis Audet-Gosselin Sous la direction de Marie Nathalie LeBlanc Présentation La bibliographie suivante rassemble les ouvrages et articles publiés ainsi que les mémoires et thèses portant sur les jeunes et les rapports intergénérationnels en Afrique subsaharienne durant la décennie 2000-2009. Les travaux listés ci-dessous concernent le rôle social des jeunes. Les études plus strictement démographiques ou médicales ont été laissées de côté. Lorsque disponibles, les résumés des articles ont été reproduits. La période ciblée a vu une explosion des études sur les jeunes dans les différentes disciplines des sciences humaines. On a pu constater également un changement dans l’approche adoptée par les chercheurs. Depuis les années 1990, les classes d’âges et les rites de passages entre les générations, 1 qui avaient été minutieusement détaillés par les pionniers de l’anthropologie sociale britannique , sont pratiquement tombées en désuétude face aux transformations profondes qu’ont connues les sociétés africaines. Cette situation se réflète ici par le nombre très limité de titres portant sur le sujet. Par ailleurs, la littérature du début des années 2000 se distingue de celle des années 1990 par un ton moins pessimiste. En effet, alors que les bouleversements démographiques et économiques des années 1980 et 1990 avaient mené à une vision plutôt sombre d’une jeunesse déracinée et sans perspective 2 d’avenir , les travaux plus récents insistent plutôt sur l’agencéité des jeunes, qui sont vus non plus comme des victimes passives des événements, mais plutôt comme des acteurs dotés d’une capacité d’action sur leur environnement. En témoignent les transformations du champ de l’étude de la violence, où la participation des jeunes à des groupes criminels ou à des conflits armés est souvent analysée comme une stratégie des jeunes pour se réaliser dans un contexte difficile. L’agencéité des jeunes est également mise de l’avant dans les multiples études sur la culture populaire, où sont soulignées les capacités de ce groupe à répondre de façon créative aux situations dans lesquelles il se trouve. Enfin, l’agencéité constitue également l’angle privilégié par de nombreuses études sur le rôle politique des jeunes ou sur les mouvements étudiants. Cependant, la perspective de l’agencéité est également remise en question par des auteurs qui soulignent qu’elle porte à étudier une partie seulement, et souvent la plus spectaculaire (culture populaire urbaine, groupuscules violents ou politiquement actifs), de l’expérience des jeunes, laissant de côté des dynamiques plus silencieuses. De plus, une trop grande fixation sur l’agencéité peut conduire à oublier que les jeunes ne constituent pas un groupe homogène à part du reste de la société, mais sont plutôt insérés dans des rapports complexes avec les autres générations, notamment au sein des familles. Plusieurs travaux récents insistent donc sur la nécessité d’étudier les jeunes dans leur contexte social plus large, notamment à travers les relations intergénérationnelles. Cette orientation rejoint d’ailleurs les préoccupations du GIERSA. 1 Voir notamment E. E. EVANS-PRITCHARD, The Nuer, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1940; Meyer FORTES, The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi, London, Oxford University Press, 1945; Victor TURNER, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Rituals, New York, Ithaca, 1967; P. T. W. BAXTER et U. ALMAGOR, dirs., Age, Generation and Time: Some Features of East African Age Organisations, New York, St. Martins Press, 1978. 2 Voir notamment Donal CRUISE O'BRIEN, “A lost generation? Youth identity and state decay in West Africa”, Richard WERBNER, dir., Postcolonial identities in Africa, London, Zed Books, 1996. Table des matières I- Général p. 3-4 II- Approches théoriques et revues de littérature p. 4-8 III- Jeunes et violence p. 8-28 IV- Jeunes et culture populaire p. 28-47 V- Jeunes et politique p. 47-63 VI- Jeunes et religion p. 63-73 VII- Jeunes et famille p. 73-83 VIII- Jeunes et rapports de genre p. 83-96 IX- Éducation et mouvements étudiants p. 96-106 X- Jeunes, emploi et insertion sociale p. 107-117 XI- Classes d’âges p. 117-119I- Général ABBINK, Jon et Ineke VAN KASSEL, dirs., Vanguards or Vandals? Youth, politics and conflict in Africa, Leiden, Brill, 2005. AGUILAR, Mario, dir., Rethinking Age in Africa: Colonial, Post-Colonial and Contemporary Interpretations of Cultural Representations, Trenton et Asmara, Africa World Press, 2007. AMENUMEY, D. E. K., Coming of Age in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: The Case of Ghana, Accra, Ghana University Press, 2000. ARGENTI, Nicolas, “Youth in Africa: A Major Ressource for Change”, Alex DE WAAL, et Nicolas ARGENTI, dirs., Young Africa. Realising the Rights of Children and Youth, Trenton et Asmara, Africa World Press, 2002, p. 123-134. ASSOGBA, Yao, dir., La jeunesse en Afrique subsaharienne, Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 2007. BAY, Edna G. et Donald L. DONHAM, dirs., States of Violence. Politics, Youth and Memory in Contemporary Africa, Charlottesville et Londres, University of Virginia Press, 2006. CHANDRAN, Emil, Paul MBUTU et Larry NIEMAYER, Youth in an African City: A Report on the Nairobi Youth Survey and Consultation, Nairobi, Daystar University, 2004. CHRISTIANSEN, Catrine, Mats UTAS et Henrik E. VIGH, dirs., Navigating Youth, Generating Adulthood: Social becoming in an African context, Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006. COLE, Jennifer et Deborah DURHAM, dirs., Figuring the Future: Globalization and the Temporalities of Children and Youth, Santa Fe, SAR Press, 2008. COLE, Jennifer et Deborah DURHAM, dirs., Generations and Globalization: Youth, Age, and Family in the New World Economy, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2007. DE BOECK, Filip et Alcinda HONWANA, dirs., Makers and Breakers. Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa, Oxford, James Currey, 2005. DE WAAL, Alex et Nicolas ARGENTI, dirs., Young Africa. Realising the Rights of Children and Youth, Trenton et Asmara, Africa World Press, 2002. HANSEN, Karen Tranberg, dir., Youth and the City in the Global South, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2008. HONWANA, Alcinda et Filip DE BOECK, dirs., Makers and Breakers: Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa, Dakar, CODESIRA, 2005. NILAN, Pam et Carles FEIXA, dirs., Global Youth? Hybrid Identities, Plural Worlds, Londres et New York, Routledge, 2006. NSAMENANG, A. Bame, “Adolescence in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Image Constructed from Africa's Triple Inheritance”, B. Bradford BROWN et al., dirs., The World's Youth: Adolescence in Eight Regions of the Globe, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 61-104. RWOMIRE, Apollo, dir., African Women and Children: Crisis and Response, Westport, Praeger, 2001. TRUDELL, Barbara et al., dirs., Africa's Young Majority, Édimbourg, Center for African Studies, 2002. II- Approches théoriques/revues de littérature ABBINK, Jon, “Being young in Africa: the politics of despair and renewal”, Jon ABBINK et Ineke VAN KASSEL, dirs., Vanguards or Vandals? Youth, politics and conflict in Africa, Leiden, Brill, 2005, p. 1-34. ASSOGBA, Yao, « Multiples profils et pratiques sociales des jeunes en Afrique au sud du Sahara », Yao ASSOGBA, dir., La jeunesse en Afrique subsaharienne, Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 2007, p. 1-5. BAY, Edna G., “Introduction”, Edna G. BAY et Donald L. DONHAM, dirs., States of Violence. Politics, Youth and Memory in Contemporary Africa, Charlottesville et Londres, University of Virginia Press, 2006, p. 1-15. BIAYA, Tshikala Kayembe, Enfant de situation de conflit armé et de violence urbaine : bibliographie annotée et signalétique, Dakar, CODESIRA, 2003. BURGESS, J. Thomas, “Introduction to youth and citizenship in East Africa”, Africa Today, 51/3 (2005), p. vii-xxiv. CHAUVEAU, Jean-Pierre, « Introduction thématique : Les jeunes ruraux à la croisée des chemins », Afrique contemporaine, 214 (2005), dossier « Jeunes ruraux », p. 15-35. CHRISTIANSEN, Catrine, Mats UTAS et Henrik E. VIGH, “Introduction”, Caterine CHRISTIANSEN, Mats UTAS et Henrik E. VIGH, dirs., Navigating Youth, Generating Adulthood: Social becoming in an African context, Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006. COLE, Jennifer et Deborah DURHAM, “Introduction. Age, Regeneration and the Intimate Politics of Globalization”, Jennifer COLE et Deborah DURHAM, dirs., Generations and Globalization: Youth, Age, and Family in the New World Economy, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2007, p. 1-28. COLE, Jennifer et Deborah DURHAM, “Introduction: Globalization and the Temporality of Children and Youth”, Jennifer COLE et Deborah DURHAM, dirs., Figuring the Future: Globalization and the Temporalities of Children and Youth, SAR Press, 2008. COMAROFF, Jean et John COMAROFF, « Réflexions sur la jeunesse : Du passé à la postcolonie », Politique africaine, 80 (2000), « Enfants jeunes et politique », p. 90-110. Souvent considérée comme une catégorie universelle, la "jeunesse" s'est en fait construite comme catégorie socioculturelle à travers les récits de la modernité. La société capitaliste industrielle a créé les conditions d'autonomisation de celle-ci. Mais aujourd'hui, avec la diffusion planétaire du capitalisme néolibéral, les jeunes se voient exclus des économies nationales et des réseaux de production de la culture mondiale. En tant que catégorie sociale, ils ont toutefois acquis une autonomie sans précédent qui se manifeste dans l'espace transnational des cultures matérielles. DE BOECK, Filip et
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