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Communication System with Digital Audio Scrambler and Unscrambler Subsystems for Transmission of Audio Intelligence Thrbugh a Télévision System

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Communication System with Digital Audio Scrambler and Unscrambler Subsystems for Transmission of Audio Intelligence Thrbugh a Télévision System Patentamt JEuropâischesEuropean Patent Office @ Publication number: 0 018 784 Office européen des brevets B 1 Cl 2) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION @ Dateof publication of patent spécification: 26.1 0.83 © Int. Cl.3: H 04 N 7/16 @ Application number: 80301334.1 @ Date of filing: 24.04.80 (54) Communication System with digital audio scrambler and unscrambler subsystems for transmission of audio intelligence thrbugh a télévision System. (30) Priority: 25.04.79 US 33063 @ Proprietor: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Westinghouse Building Gateway Center @ Date of publication/Of application: Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 1 5222 (US) 12.11.80 Bulletin 80/23 @ Inventor: Shutterly, Harold Barry (45) Publication of the grant of the patent: 409 West Hutchinson Avenue 26.10.83 Bulletin 83/43 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania (US) (84) Designated Contracting States: ® Representative: van Berlyn, Ronald Gilbert DE FR GB 23, Centre Heights London, NW3 6JG (GB) (56) References cited: FR - A - 2 431 809 US - A - 3 723 637 US-A-3 731 197 US-A-3 921 151 US-A-4070 693 00 FUNKSCHAU, vol. 46, nr. 23, November 1974 s MUNICH (DE) H. DWUZET: "Kombinierte Bild- Ton-Ubertragung nach dem SIS-Verfahren", 00 pages 891 to 894 o o Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall a. be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been IU paid. (Art. 99(1) European patent convention). Courier Press, Leamington Spa, England. This invention relates to encryption apparatus and, more particularly, to an improved communication system with digital audio scrambler and unscrambler subsystems for transmission of audio intelligence through a television system. Audio security is as important as video security. With the advent of satellite links, private two-way audio channels that can be associated with a video channel are desirable, for instance for business teleconferences. Secure audio scramblers are already known for telephone lines. With video channels, however, advantage can be taken of the television system facilities to reduce the cost of scrambling the audio signal in particular by using the randomizing and synchronizing capability of video scramblers already present. Also, speech quality in the scrambling descrambling process may be improved so as to exceed the telephone-line bandwidth. It is also important to allow for more than one audio system with the same installation. It is known to scramble a digit stream as part of a video digital transmission system. See for instance "Digital Transmission Techniques" by G. M. Drury pp. 37-49 in IBA Technical Review (Great Britain) 1976 Vol. 9. It is known from United States Patent 3,958,077 of J. Ross et al. to generate pseudo-random numbers with digital shift registers. The patent also shows how to perform pseudo-random scanning in a television system. In a scrambled television system, U.S. Patent No. 3,717,206 of V. R. Zopf et al. shows that for subscription purposes coded signals have been associated with the transmitted video signals. This is also shown for unscrambling in U.S. Patent No. 4,070,693 of H. B. Shutterly. A pseudo-random generator is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,681,708 of M. E. Olmstead. It is known from U.S. Patent No. 3,105,114 of W. Koenig to divide into segments a signal and to introduce selected time delays between such segments for scrambling effect. U.S. Patent No. 3,659,046 of Angleri et al. discloses a message, in binary form, being scrambled in a pseudo-random fashion by logically combining bits. From U.S. Patent No. 3,731,197 of J. E. Clark it is known to sample an information-bearing signal and to read the samples in a prearranged abnormal order to obtain unintelligible secured signals. U.S. Patent No. 3,824,467 of R. C. French shows an audio signal divided into segments which are rearranged into a new sequence before transmission. Encoding-decoding is provided by binary pseudo- random addressing of storage devices. Each storage device transmits its stored time element while storing a new time element. U.S. Patent No. 3,921,151 of G. Guanella teaches dividing an audio signal into segments of equal time intervals which are temporarily stored. Scrambling of the segments by reading-out in a random pattern is achieved so that at each location there is no repetition, nor omission. U.S. Patent No. 3,773,977 of G. Guanella, which is considered the closest prior art, shows the use of coinciding aperiodic cipher signals from which control signals are derived for determining the storage elements. The scrambling of audio segments is monitored so as to prevent more than one segment from being shifted to the same time position and further to prevent any gaps in the transmitted signal train. It is proposed in this application to add an audio scrambler to a television system, while using to a maximum extent the video installation for scrambling and unscrambling in the transmission and reception of an audio message. It is an object of this invention to provide a communication system with digital audio scrambler and unscrambler systems for transmission of audio intelligence through a television system, with a view to overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art. The invention resides in a communication system including digital audio scrambler and unscrambler subsystems for transmission of audio intelligence through a television system, said audio scrambler subsystem comprising means for sampling an audio signal to derive audio samples, charac- terized in that said audio scrambler subsystem includes a main random-access-memory (RAM) device for storing said audio samples in a sequence as received in the Write mode of said main RAM device, and for deriving scrambled audio samples from said RAM device in the Read mode; a pseudo-random generator for generating pseudo-random addresses; a counter responsive to said pseudo-random generator for storing a generated pseudo-random address; said main RAM device being responsive to the generated pseudo-random addresses from said counter when in the Read mode for deriving said scrambled audio samples; auxiliary random access memory (RAM) means responsive to said counter for indicating in different storing locations the use by said main RAM device of each pseudo-random address derived from said counter; said auxiliary RAM means comparing a new pseudo-random address with every indication of a used pseudo-random address in said auxiliary RAM means to detect any repetition between new and used pseudo-random addresses; said counter being advanced sequentially to a subsequent counter state when a repetition is detected so that every new pseudo-random address is checked for omission and repetition by said auxiliary RAM means within a time interval representing the duration of a television line before being used by said main RAM device in the Read mode; and means operative on a line-per-line basis for inserting at least one derived scrambled audio sample into selected portion of a television line for transmission therewith by said television system. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in a television system transmissing video line signals during successive television fields separated by vertical blanking spaces, apparatus is provided for scrambling a continuous audio signal derived from an audio source. The apparatus includes means for sampling the continuous audio signal at a rate which is proportional to the rate of the video lines. Thus, in a 525-line standard video system where, typically, 480 samples are being sensed per time frame of 1/30 sec., a main RAM device is used to sequentially store such samples which are then read out at random. A special memory arrangement which consists of auxiliary RAM devices is used as a scratchpad in order to insure that while addressing the main RAM device at random there will be no repetition or omission of a particular address, a distinguishing feature of the invention. This should be contrasted with the aforementioned Guanella patent wherein scrambling is monitored so as to prevent the occurrence of overlapping or gaps in the interchanged signal train. The sampling rate will be 480/525 time the television video line rate. This means that all the samples can be read out in 1/60 sec. from each storage device, alternately, while there is a one-to-one relationship between the video lines being transmitted and the inserted samples. It is also possible to extract twice, or three times this number of samples and to establish a relation of 2 to 1, or 3 to 1, with respect to the occurring video lines. When scrambling, the samples are reordered in accordance with a pseudo-random pattern, and they are successively inserted, while being read out in such scrambled order from the storage devices, into each of the passing video lines, one, two or even three at a time, as earlier-mentioned. The insertion of one, or more samples, is effected within an unoccupied portion, e.g. blanking level, of the video signal, thus, after the synchronization interval and the color burst, and before the front edge of the active line, or video signal proper, thereby taking advantage of the unoccupied region which in the standard 525 lines video system for instance, starts, approximately, 9 us after the horizontal pulse has been initiated. The unscrambling process follows at the receiver end the exact reverse procedure. The audio samples are extracted one-by-one from the video signals, and they are assembled to form a segment after being unscrambled and put together and reordered to reconstruct the original continuous audio signal.
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