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The Carboniferous Paleobotanical Collection of the "Centro Caprense Ignazio Cerio" (Capri, Italy): a Taxonomic Revision

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The Carboniferous Paleobotanical Collection of the Delpinoa, n.s. 46 : 107-116. 2004 The carboniferous paleobotanical collection of the "Centro Caprense Ignazio Cerio" (Capri, Italy): a taxonomic revision 1 2 3 J. E. M ICKLE , A. B ARTIROMO , M. R. B ARONE LUMAGA 1Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Box 7612, Raleigh, N.C. 27695-7612 U.S.A. 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy. 3Orto Botanico di Napoli, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139, Napoli, Italy. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract . Authors filed, revised and updated Riassunto . Gli Autori hanno catalogato, revisiona - nomenclature of the specimens belonging to the to ed aggiornato i campioni della collezione di Carboniferous fossil plants collection housed in the piante fossili del Carbonifero conservata presso il "Centro Caprense Ignazio Cerio" (Capri, Naples, "Centro Caprense Ignazio Cerio" di Capri (Napoli). Italy). The specimens, presumably acquired I campioni, acquisiti presumibilmente tra la fine between the end of 19 th and the beginnings of 20 th dell'Ottocento e l'inizio del Novecento, sono risul - century, originate from European and North tati provenienti da siti carboniferi di Europa e Stati American localities. Uniti. Key words : Capri, Carboniferous, Centro Caprense Ignazio Cerio, Europe, Fossils, North America, Paleobotanical collections INTRODUCTION ly of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and is situ - ated at the margin of the Carbonatic The collection of carboniferous fossil Campanian-Platform. Triassic sediments seem plants analysed in this paper is housed at the to be absent, whereas the presence of Dogger “Centro Caprense Ignazio Cerio” (CCIC), in has been ascertained and attribution of the Island of Capri (Naples, Italy). The CCIC Ellipsactinia limestones to Malm-Lower was established as an “Ente Morale” by decree Cretaceous confirmed ( BARATTOLO & of the President of the Italian Republic on PUGLIESE 1987). Pleistocene sediments are October 20 th , 1949. The Centre was intended to also found on the Island, although they are lim - encourage cultural initiative on the Island, ited to a few areas, such as the “Quisisana” and including defence of its natural beauty. The “Grotta delle Felci.” These Pleistocene sedi - Centre was founded by the engineer and writer ments are the source of numerous vertebrate Edwin Cerio (1875-1960) and by Mabel remains and lithic fragments that constitute an Norman Cerio (1876-1949). They gave the important part of the CCIC collections. Centre its current location and initial funding. Some noteworthy collections of the Centre The Centre is comprised in part of a library include the herbarium of the Island of Capri containing a collection of materials related to collected at the end of the 19 th century by Capri and a Museum that owes its origins to Ignazio Cerio, the zoological collections the untiring efforts of Doctor Ignazio Cerio, a which consists primarily of marine inverte - physician. The majority of the collections date brates from the Bay of Naples, and the from the end of 19 th century and consist of over Mediterranean algological collection belong - 20,000 naturalistic and archeological finds ing to Oronzo Gabriele Costa (1787-1867). gathered mainly on Capri by Ignazio Cerio. Geological collections are also present, among The Island of Capri is constituted essential - which stand out the Mt. Vesuvius volcanic material. The time of decline of Lepidodendron , as The collections also include paleontologi - well as several other arborescent lycopod gen - cal material, among which is the era, corresponds to the decrease in extent and Carboniferous plant collection, the object of duration of coal swamps during the transition the present paper. This collection contains to the late Pennsylvanian ( DI MICHELE 1981). characteristic representatives of the Lepidodendron simile Kidston ( JONGMANS Carboniferous flora, such as arborescent 1909) (= Lepidodendron elegans Brongniart; lycopods, ferns, seed ferns (Pteridosperms) BRONGNIART 1822). and horsetails (Sphenopsids). These taxa dom - Samples of L. simile are usually of reduced inated coal swamp forests in the Carboniferous size and are likely related to branches instead (STEWART & R OTHWELL 1993). of trunks ( BOUREAU 1967). Leaf cushions are The plant fossil collection consists of 64 in spiral arrangement, rhomboidal, and tapered specimens. During the revision of the collec - at the base. Leaf scars are at the upper third of tion it was found that several specimens lacked the cushion ( DOUBINGER et al. 1995). any indication of the provenance locality. Lepidodendron aculeatum Sternberg, 1820 Table 1 lists the original nomenclature of (STERNBERG 1820). species and provenance of samples that make L. aculeatum is similar to L. obovatum but up the collection, as found on the labels, and has a more symmetrical, spindle-shaped leaf the nomenclature as proposed after revision. cushion that is distinctly longer than broad, Fig. 1 shows some of specimens in the CCIC and with apices that are distinctly deflected in Paleobotanical Collection. opposite directions ( OLEKSYSHYN 1982). Genus: Stigmaria Brongniart, 1822 ( BRON - The following taxa resulted after the revi - GNIART 1822). sion: Typus: Stigmaria ficoides Brongniart, 1822 (BRONGNIART 1822). Class: LYCOPODIOPSIDA Rhizomorphs of Lepidodendron and/or Order: Lepidodendrales Sigillaria , and their rootlets are placed in the Family: Lepidodendraceae form genus Stigmaria . The spirally arranged Genus: Lepidodendron Sternberg 1820 scars, which indicate the points where the Typus: Lepidodendron aculeatum Stern- rootlets were attached to the rhizomorph, are berg 1820 ( STERNBERG 1820). shallow dish-like pits 3 to 7 mm in diameter The genus Lepidodendron was established with a central punctiform scar ( STEWART & by STERNBERG (1820) based on bark fragments ROTHWELL 1993). of arborescent lycopods showing spirally Stigmaria ficoides Brongniart, 1822 arranged rhomboidal leaf cushions with their (BRONGNIART 1822). vertical dimension greater than the transverse Thick rhizomes, diameter about 10–15 cm, (STEWART & R OTHWELL 1993). Just above the branching dichotomously. Lateral appendages middle of leaf cushion a rhomboidal leaf scar, borne spirally. Scars of lateral appendages per - extended transversely, is present. In the middle sisting, round with a raised periphery, a cen - or just above the middle of the leaf scar is a trally placed raised protuberance, and an inter - vascular bundle scar flanked by lateral parich - vening punctiform depression ( FRANKENBERG nos. Just above the leaf scar is a ligule pit. & E GGERT 1969). Below and to either side of the leaf scar are Family: Sigillariaceae two additional parichnos scars. Transverse Genus: Sigillaria Brongniart, 1822 ( BRON - wrinkles may be present along a median ridge GNIART 1822). on the lower portion of the cushion ( STEWART Typus: Sigillaria scutellata Brongniart, & R OTHWELL 1993). Lepidodendron is a name 1822 ( BRONGNIART 1822). The genus Sigillaria used as a “traditional” genus for stems of inde - was established on bark fragments of arbores - terminate generic affinity ( ARNOLD 1940, cent lycopods showing spiral leaf cushions 1960; LEISMAN 1970). arranged in vertical rows ( STEWART & 108 ROTHWELL 1993). Sigillaria leaves abscised on The internodes are wider than long and the the older parts of the stem leaving leaf cush - longitudinal ribs are straight to undulate. The ions. The leaf scars were hexagonal, round or nodal areas possess or lack leaf/branch scars oval. Above the midpoint of the leaf scar a vas - (DILCHER et al . 2005). The primary vascular cular bundle scar was flanked by two conspic - system presents vascular strands that alternate uous parichhnos ( STEWART & ROTHWELL 1993; longitudinally from internode to internode TAYLOR & T AYLOR 1993). across a node ( STEWART & ROTHWELL 1993). Sigillaria reniformis Brongniart, 1832 Calamites gigas Brongniart, 1828 ( BRON - (BRONGNIART 1832). GNIART 1828) (= Calamites cannaeformis The scars are double, and of an oval form, Schimper). somewhat resembling pairs of kidneys; a Calamites gigas is the biggest species in the resemblance to which the species owes its genus; stem with diameter up to 1m. name. Internodes are wider than long. Longitudinal Sigillaria mammilaria Brongniart, 1824 ribs up to 1.1 cm wide; usually vascular (BRONGNIART 1824). strands alternate at the nodes. The edges of the The leaf cushions of this species form ribs ending with oval marks. Ribs with sur - defined longitudinal ribs; they can show fur - faces granular or with longitudinal wrinkles rows that are lightly winding between these (BOUREAU 1967). ribs. Genus: Syringodendron Sternberg, 1820 Class: FILICOPSIDA (STERNBERG 1820). Order: Marattiales Typus: Syringodendron organum Stern- Family: Marattiaceae berg, 1820 ( STERNBERG 1820). Genus: Pecopteris BRONGNIART , 1822 Decorticated stem of Sigillaria showing the Typus: Pecopteris pennaeformis Bron- sub-epidermal surface. Sub-cortical scars dou - gniart, 1822 ( BRONGNIART 1822). ble, elliptic, and in vertical rows. Scars with Pinnatifid fronds with pinnules attached to rough, broken cross striations. Surface with the rachis by their entire base; lateral margins straight to wavy longitudinal parallel striations of the pinnules parallel or weakly convergent formed into bands of ridges and furrows. and rounded at the apex; inferior pinnule mar - (DILCHER et al . 2005). gins may be decurrent; pinnules may be entire
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