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The European Union Carolina’s Conference October 19-21, 2018 The European Union Director: Donald Williams ([email protected]) ​ ​ Assistant Director: Ruann Elbassyouni ([email protected]) ​ ​ Greetings Delegates, Welcome to Carolina’s Conference 2018 and the European Union. My name is Donald Williams, and I will be serving as your Director for the EU. This will be my second conference as a Carolina’s staff member. Previously, I served as the Director for the General Assembly Fourth at Carolina’s Conference 2017. I received my Bachelors of Arts in Political Science and International Relations with a minor in Economics from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in May 2017 and I am currently pursuing a career in marketing here in Charlotte. Our committee’s Assistant Director will be Ruann Elbassyounni. This will be Ruann’s first time serving as a Carolina’s Conference staff member. Ruann is currently attending the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and is currently studying Political Science and International Relations. By focusing on the mission of the EU and the Carolina’s Conference 2018 theme of “Mediating Conflict and International Threats in an Expanding and Globalized World," we have developed the following topics for the delegates to discuss come conference: “Evaluating Past and Future Memberships” and “Evaluating the Future Status of the Euro.” The background guide provides a strong introduction to the committee and the topics and should be utilized as a foundation for the delegate’s independent research. While we have attempted to provide a holistic analysis of the issues, the background guide should not be used as the single mode of analysis for the topics. Delegates are expected to go beyond the background guide and engage in intellectual inquiry of their own. The position papers for the committee should reflect the complexity of these issues and their externalities. Delegations are expected to submit a position paper and be prepared for a vigorous discussion at the conference. Position papers should be no longer than two pages in length (single spaced) and demonstrate your Member State’s position, policies and recommendations on each of the two topics. Ruann, and I are enthusiastic about serving as your dais for the EU. We wish you all the best of luck in your conference preparation and look forward to working with you in the near future. Best Regards, Donald and Ruann Committee Information History Since the Middle Ages, European countries were making war against one another. After the Second World War, Europe was in a troubled state. And after two catastrophic world wars, European leaders came to the conclusion that the only way of preventing war in Europe was by cooperating with one another. They began to do so by trade and economy. Countries such as Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg set aside their biggest disagreements and started cooperating in the production of coal and steel. This led to the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) and other joint institutions such as; the European Community (EC), which was a common administration founded in 1967. By the 1970s, the Community began to expand bringing in new members to join and for the first time citizens were given voting rights in electing members to the European Community Parliament. In 1992, the European Community (EC) was renamed the European Union (EU) and the Maastricht Treaty, the treaty establishing the EU, was signed. Today, the ​European Union​ (​EU​) is a ​union​ of 28 member countries that share political and economic relations. It works as a single market through a standardized system of laws that apply to all member states. The ​EU​ ensures free movement of people, goods & services and capital within ​its​ all members. Membership Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark. Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Topic I: Evaluating Past and Future Memberships Introduction Currently the EU has conditions on how new members are emitted into the EU. According to the Treaty of the European Union: “any European country may apply for membership if it respects the democratic values of the EU and is commuted to promoting them.”1 The first step into accession is adhering to the ‘Copenhagen Criteria’ which is defined into three main parts.2 The first is a country needs to have stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities. 3 The second is a functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competition and market forces of the EU. 4 Finally the ability to take on and implement effectively the obligations of membership, including adherence to the aims of political, economic, and monetary union. 5 There are special conditions for countries of the Western Balkans and this process is known as the ‘Stabilization and Association’ process.6 During the accession process the country wishing to join the EU must adhere to all current rules and implement these rules and these rules are referred to the acquis.7 The acquis is divided up into 35 different policy fields that every EU member must follow to ascend into EU membership.8 During the ascension process current EU members monitor the progress and begin discussing financial and transitional agreements.9 During this entire process the EU Commission monitors and provides guidance on the ascension process. Ultimately current EU members can make the final decision on whether a country gets to ascend into the EU or not. Members have the ability to “freeze” a country’s accession processes.10 There are some countries, whether they want to join the European Union or not, who have been put into neighborhood policies with the EU.11 These are countries who are not actual members of the EU but do receive some of the benefits. For some countries, like Norway, this is sufficient enough for them. However, for other countries, like Ukraine, it is not enough.12 Countries, like Ukraine, are subject to all the laws that the EU proposes but they do not get to vote on them or have anyone represented within the European Parliament. 1 https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/policy/conditions-membership_en Retrieved 09 September ​ 2018. ​ 2 Ibid 3 Ibid 4 Ibid 5 Ibid 6 Ibid 7 “Article 19 of the Treaty on European Union” eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 09 September 2018. 8 Ibid 9 Ibid 10 Ibid 11 Ibid 12 Ibid Current Situation Currently there are tensions between Turkey and the European Union. The EU and Turkey have been in a war of words with one another. Turkey has accused the EU of supporting “terrorism” while the EU has accused Turkey of allowing the deterioration of democratic and human rights in Turkey. 13 Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel has is pushing for other EU members to freeze the accession processes for Turkey and suspend membership talks all together with the country.14 The EU has also suspended talks with other Baltic countries such as Ukraine because of the way they run their government. Islamophobia is playing a major role in the “freezing” of a countries accession process into the EU. Countries who have known to be Islamic countries are having a harder time to join the European Union. Ukraine has been trying to join the European Union since 2012 and the government of Ukraine even put that they are going to join the European Union in their constitution.15 Ukraine has been continuously working towards fulfilling the requirements of EU ascension and their ascension process has continuously been put on hold because of islamophobia.16 There are also tensions within the European Union internally. With countries wanting to leave the Union, there is a question of will the European Union Survive? With Brexit underway and Greece’s economic situation. Tensions for the EU and their economic standing are on the rise. With countries going further and further into debt, memberships are starting to come into question.17 With Greece’s debt rising to a critical point it has been up the other EU members to uphold the economic standing for the European Union.18 Greece’s membership has been brought into question since they cannot get their debt crises under control. Greece is not alone in why the economic standing of the European Union is failing.19 The European Union and the IMF have contributed to the increase of Greece’s debt. Countries are lending Greece funds and then immediately selling Greece military or sustainability products and it does not allow for the money to properly cycle through the economy and begin correcting it.20 France and Germany have given billions of Euros to Greece only to have them returned back to their own monetary funds, when Greece purchases from them.21 With economic tensions on the rise should countries with massive debt be allowed to stay in the EU or should countries who are knowingly contribute to the issue be allowed to stay in the EU? Conclusion With tensions between countries both internally within the EU and within their own borders, memberships for new EU members is becoming harder and harder. Political tensions between EU and non EU members is on the rise and economic tensions with current EU members is not helping either. It is clear that current members are not being held to the same standards as new members of the EU. With the Treaty of the European Union stating any European 13 https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/10/turkey-europe-locked-war-words-eu-summit-opens-17101 7100837409.html Retrieved 09 September 2018 ​ 14 Ibid 15 https://euobserver.com/enlargment/18242 Retrieved 09 September 2018 ​ ​ 16 Ibid 17 Ibid 18 Ibid 19 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/business/international/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html Retrieved 09 ​ ​ September 2018 20 Ibid 21 Ibid country can join the EU, what defines a European country? Is it culture that defines a country or is it the physical location of the country? Committee Directive With countries wanting to leave the EU tensions are higher than ever.
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