DOCSLIB.ORG

Gaston Leval Collectives in the Spanish Revolution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gaston Leval Collectives in the Spanish Revolution Gaston Leval Collectives in the Spanish revolution Detailed account of worker-controlled agriculture, industry and public services in revolutionary Spain during the civil war. Part 1: Preamble . Part 2: Agrarian socialisation . Part 3: Industry and public services . Part 4: Towns and isolated achievements . Part 5: Parties and government . Part 6: Final reflections Part 1: Preamble I: The Ideal II: The Men and the Struggles III: Material for a Revolution IV: A Revolutionary Situation CHAPTER 1 THE IDEAL "Now I can die, I have seen my ideal realised." This was said to me in one of the Levante collectives, if my memory servers me well, by one of the men who had struggled throughout their lives for the triumph of social justice, human liberty and brotherhood. His idea was libertarian communism, or anarchy. But the use of this work carried with it the risk in all languages of distorting in people's minds what the great savant and humanist, Elise» Reclus, defined as the "noblest conception of order." More especially because very often, and it was the case in France, the anarchists seems to have done their utmost to agree with their enemies, and to justify to negative and nihilistic interpretation which one already finds in such and such and order or edict of Philip the Fair in France. It is therefore to betray the meaning of what the old militant, who had struggled to long and had suffered so much, and who probably was shot by one of Franco's firing squads, was saying to me, thus to stick to the simple expression of a word so widely interpreted. Let us therefore look into the matter more deeply. In his pamphlet "El Ideal Anarquista," Ricardo Mella, who was the most genuine and original thinker of Spanish anarchism, gave the following definition of this ideal: "liberty as the basis, equality as the means, fraternity as the ends." Let us bear this well in mind: the ultimate goal, the crowning glory was fraternity, in which freedom would be at the same time both a basis and a consequence, for can there be fraternity without liberty; but equally can one deprive one's brother of liberty? Besides, these concepts had not penetrated in Spain with the much debated and debatable word anarchy. In his Book El Proletariado Militante, to which one must constantly return, Anselmo Lorenzo, who after Mella was the most qualified thinker among Spanish anarchists, recounts how these ideas had been revealed to him, first by reading some of Proudhon's books before 1870, among them De La Capacit» Politique des Classes OuvriÀres which had been translated by Pi y Margall. (1) These books, and the articles published by Pi y Margall himself in his journal La Discusion had been demonstrated to him the reality of the social problem, whereas other men were struggling for a republic which could not be other than bourgeois, and they affiliated themselves with the Carbonaro movement or with some other European secret society. It was at this time that the Bakuninist influence penetrated into Spain. Its bearer was a distinguished fighter, the Italian Giuseppe Fanelli, a former Garibaldian combatant, later an Independent Liberal Deputy, who have met Bakunin, presumably at the time of his stay in Florence, was to subscribe to his social ideas. Bakunin defended and propagated Socialism. At that time, the word anarchy was for him synonymous with disorder, chaos, delinquency. He also founded in Geneva, with friends, including some intellectuals of the first order, (2) the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy. He was known Proudhon during his stay in Paris, during the years 1844-48. (3) As with Proudhon, Bakunin's socialism was anti- statist. It satisfied his Slavonic psychology, his generous Russian nature, his cosmic view of things, and the broad human philosophy based on experimental science which he constructed for himself. His thought matured during the twelve years he spend in detention in the fortress, in prison and in Siberian deportation. The behaviour of the authoritarian and dictatorial Marx during this long and painful period only strengthened his suspicion and aversion to dictatorship, even when called popular. So, when in 1869, Fanelli expounded the doctrine of the Alliance to the new friends he had made in Madrid and in Barcelona, he was able to refer to the seven articles of the programme of that secret organisation, written in the hand of its founder: "The Alliance declares itself atheistic; it demands the political, economic, and social equality of members of both sexes." "The land, working tools, as well as all wealth, by becoming the collective property of the whole of society, cannot be used other than by the workers, that is to say by the agricultural and industrial associations." "It demands for all children of both sexes, from the moment they are born, equality of the means for development, that is to say maintenance and education to all levels in science, industry and the arts." "It recognises that all political and authoritarian states that exist now will have to be submerged in the universal union of free federations both agricultural and industrial." "It not being possible to find a definitive and real solution to the social question, other than on the basis of the international solidarity of workers of all countries, the Alliance rejects all politics based on so-called patriotism and on the rivalries between nations." "It demands the universal association of all local associations through freedom." In this programme Bakunin went further than Proudhon, for example, on women's equality of rights"he had already done so, among others in his Revolutionary Catechism; he went further than Marx in his vision of a new society constructed on an international basis of workers' economic organisation. For the Statutes of the International don't go so far, they do not imply a clear technique of social reorganisation at the same time as a political doctrine (which was to leave the way open to many surprises and lead to the capture of Parliament and of the State). But it is surprising to see with what alacrity and ease, with what precision, the two nuclei " in Madrid and Barcelona " assimilated and spread the fundamental doctrine of the Alliance. For, a year later, on June 19, 1870, the first congress of the Spanish section of the First International was held in Barcelona at the Teatro Circo Barcelon»s. That congress, at which 40,000 workers were represented out of population of 18 million inhabitants, was characterised by the seriousness and profundity of the discussion, the problems studied and the resolutions passed. The need to have done with the domination of capital and the exploitation of man by man; the establishment of a tactic which belonged to the working class independently of the political parties; the need to prepare oneself to take over from the bourgeois society through the workers' associations, was developed at length. And from the beginning the ways of applying the ideal called for the elaboration of directives which one finds in the revolution relative to the organisation of the workers: 1. In every locality workers of each trade will be organised in socialised sections; in addition a general section will be established which will include all workers engaged in trades that are not yet included in special sections: it will be a section of different trades. 2. All sections of trades from the same locality will federate and organise a solidary cooperation applied also to matters of mutual aid, education, (4) etc., which are of great interest to the workers. 3. Section of the same trade belonging to different localities will federate to constitute resistance and solidarity within their occupation. 4. Local federations will federate to constitute the Spanish Regional Federation which will be represented by a Federal Council elected by the congresses. 5. All the trade sections, local federations, trade federations, as well as the Regional Federation will govern themselves on the basis of their own rules worked out at their congresses. 6. All the workers represented by the workers' congresses will decide, through the intermediary of their delegates, as to the methods of action and development of our organisation. Certainly the fundamental postulates of the idea were the work of Bakunin and were brought there by Fanelli. But here one finds a vast organisational concept and a creative initiative going beyond all that had hitherto been done in Europe, indicating to what a degree the idea was understood and assimilated. In this complex and complete structure principles guided action, but the action to follow was to guide and complement the principles. On the other hand we find ourselves confronted by an innovatory spirit, an active will and an ethical sense, which in one bound went beyond the limits of syndical corporatism. One was not only thinking of creating an organisation with a professional character but one that was also humanist and social in the broad sense of the word. Even while an effective weapon of struggle for the immediate future against the class enemy was being forged, the foundations were being laid of a new society. Already, what later was to be called the vertical organisation constituted on the basis of national federations, completes the horizontal organisation. At the same time, the local federations set up in the somewhat less important centres, where different craft unions existed, bring together and federate the latter for common struggles. In France, this happened thirty years later in the form of the bourses de travail (labour exchanges) and to achieve this it was necessary that Fernand Pelloutier, who came from the petite bourgeoisie, should become its advocate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SEWER SYNDICALISM: WORKER SELF- MANAGEMENT in PUBLIC SERVICES Eric M
    \\jciprod01\productn\N\NVJ\14-2\NVJ208.txt unknown Seq: 1 30-APR-14 10:47 SEWER SYNDICALISM: WORKER SELF- MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICES Eric M. Fink* Staat ist ein Verh¨altnis, ist eine Beziehung zwischen den Menschen, ist eine Art, wie die Menschen sich zu einander verhalten; und man zerst¨ort ihn, indem man andere Beziehungen eingeht, indem man sich anders zu einander verh¨alt.1 I. INTRODUCTION In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, municipal govern- ments in various US cities assumed responsibility for utilities and other ser- vices that previously had been privately operated. In the late twentieth century, prompted by fiscal crisis and encouraged by neo-liberal ideology, governments embraced the concept of “privatization,” shifting management and control over public services2 to private entities. Despite disagreements over the merits of privatization, both proponents and opponents accept the premise of a fundamental distinction between the “public” and “private” sectors, and between “state” and “market” institutions. A more skeptical view questions the analytical soundness and practical signifi- cance of these dichotomies. In this view, “privatization” is best understood as a rhetorical strategy, part of a broader neo-liberal ideology that relies on putative antinomies of “public” v. “private” and “state” v. “market” to obscure and rein- force social and economic power relations. While “privatization” may be an ideological definition of the situation, for public service workers the difference between employment in the “public” and “private” sectors can be real in its consequences3 for job security, compensa- * Associate Professor of Law, Elon University School of Law, Greensboro, North Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Guide of Zaragoza for Immigrants
    INDEX INTRODUCTION 5 DISCOVER YOUR COMMUNITY: ARAGON 6 LOCATION 6 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ARAGON 7 MULTICULTURAL ARAGON 7 DISCOVER YOUR CITY: ZARAGOZA 8 LOCATION 8 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ZARAGOZA 8 MULTICULTURAL ZARAGOZA 10 PRINCIPAL MUNICIPAL BODIES 10 TOURIST INFORMATION AND MAPS 11 BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE CITY 11 Where to call in case of emergency 11 – Moving around the city 11 – Principal authorities 13 – City council at home 13 – Websites of interest about Zaragoza 13 BASIC RESOURCES FOR NEW RESIDENTS 14 INFORMATION AND FOREIGN RELATED PROCEDURES 14 CONSULATES IN ZARAGOZA 15 LEGAL ADVICE 16 REGISTRATION AT THE CITY COUNCIL 16 ¿HOW TO GET THE SANITARY CARD? 19 FOOD SERVICE 19 HYGIENE SERVICE 20 WARDROBE SERVICE 20 TRANSLATION, INTERPRETATION AND MEDIATION SERVICES 20 DRIVING LICENCE 21 SENDING LETTERS AND / OR MONEY 21 MICROCREDITS 21 HOUSING 22 ADVISING 22 PROTECTED HOUSING 22 STOCK HOUSING 23 HOUSING PROJECTS FOR IMMIGRANTS 23 FREE ACCOMMODATION 24 TRANSPORT 25 THE CAR 25 REGULAR BUS LINES 25 THE TRAIN 26 THE AEROPLANE 26 2 PRACTICAL GUIDE OF ZARAGOZA FOR IMMIGRANTS Information Resources point HEALTH 27 GENERAL INFORMATION 27 ASSISTANCE TO ILLEGAL PEOPLE 28 HEALTH CENTRES 28 PUBLIC HOSPITALS 30 CLINICS AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS 30 MEDICAL CENTRES OF SPECIALITIES 31 DRUG DEPENDENCY 32 AIDS 33 EMOTIONAL HEALTH 33 SOCIAL CARE 34 MUNICIPAL CENTRES OF SOCIAL SERVICES (CMSS) 34 WOMEN 34 Emergency cases 34 – Interesting organizations for women 35 FAMILY 36 YOUNG PEOPLE 37 Youth Houses 37 – Other resources for young people 37 DISABLED PEOPLE 38 OTHER
    [Show full text]
  • The Spanish Anarchists: the Heroic Years, 1868-1936
    The Spanish Anarchists THE HEROIC YEARS 1868-1936 the text of this book is printed on 100% recycled paper The Spanish Anarchists THE HEROIC YEARS 1868-1936 s Murray Bookchin HARPER COLOPHON BOOKS Harper & Row, Publishers New York, Hagerstown, San Francisco, London memoria de Russell Blackwell -^i amigo y mi compahero Hafold F. Johnson Library Ceirtef' "ampsliire College Anrteret, Massachusetts 01002 A hardcover edition of this book is published by Rree Life Editions, Inc. It is here reprinted by arrangement. THE SPANISH ANARCHISTS. Copyright © 1977 by Murray Bookchin. AH rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission except in the case ofbrief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address ftee Life Editions, Inc., 41 Union Square West, New York, N.Y. 10003. Published simultaneously in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, Toronto. First HARPER COLOPHON edition published 1978 ISBN: 0-06-090607-3 78 7980 818210 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 Contents OTHER BOOKS BY MURRAY BOOKCHIN Introduction ^ Lebensgefahrliche, Lebensmittel (1955) Prologue: Fanelli's Journey ^2 Our Synthetic Environment (1%2) I. The "Idea" and Spain ^7 Crisis in Our Qties (1965) Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971) BACKGROUND MIKHAIL BAKUNIN 22 The Limits of the Qty (1973) Pour Une Sodete Ecologique (1976) II. The Topography of Revolution 32 III. The Beginning THE INTERNATIONAL IN SPAIN 42 IN PREPARATION THE CONGRESS OF 1870 51 THE LIBERAL FAILURE 60 T'he Ecology of Freedom Urbanization Without Cities IV. The Early Years 67 PROLETARIAN ANARCHISM 67 REBELLION AND REPRESSION 79 V.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anarchist Collectives Workers’ Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939
    The Anarchist Collectives Workers’ Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939 Sam Dolgoff (editor) 1974 Contents Preface 7 Acknowledgements 8 Introductory Essay by Murray Bookchin 9 Part One: Background 28 Chapter 1: The Spanish Revolution 30 The Two Revolutions by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 30 The Bolshevik Revolution vs The Russian Social Revolution . 35 The Trend Towards Workers’ Self-Management by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 36 Chapter 2: The Libertarian Tradition 41 Introduction ............................................ 41 The Rural Collectivist Tradition by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 41 The Anarchist Influence by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 44 The Political and Economic Organization of Society by Isaac Puente ....................................... 46 Chapter 3: Historical Notes 52 The Prologue to Revolution by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 52 On Anarchist Communism ................................. 55 On Anarcho-Syndicalism .................................. 55 The Counter-Revolution and the Destruction of the Collectives by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 56 Chapter 4: The Limitations of the Revolution 63 Introduction ............................................ 63 2 The Limitations of the Revolution by Gaston Leval ....................................... 63 Part Two: The Social Revolution 72 Chapter 5: The Economics of Revolution 74 Introduction ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of the Cinqueta Region, Spanish Pyrenees, Province of Huesca
    THE GEOLOGY OF THE CINQUETA REGION, SPANISH PYRENEES, PROVINCE OF HUESCA STELLINGEN I De verplooing van de Mesozoische sedimenten in de Sahara-Atlas ten noorden van Laghouat (Algerije) staat in verband met dextrale schuif­ bewegingen in het Hercynisch grondgebergte. II De door Boersma voorgestelde correlatie van de top van de Basibe For­ matie in de oostelijke centrale Pyreneeen met de Upper Limestone For­ matie van v.Lith in het Cinca gebied is op zijn minst twijfelachtig te noemen. Boersma,Kerst Th.,L973.Devonian and Lower Carboniferous conodont Bio­ stratigraph~,Spanish central Pyre­ nees.Leidse Geol.Meded. 49,p.303-377. III Indien de door v.Lith waargenomen vlakliggende cleavage in de Paleo­ zoische gesteenten van het Gavarnie dekblad van Hercynische oorsprong zou zijn,dient het huidige structurele beeld van de Hercynische Pyre­ neeen herzien te worden. Lith,J.G.J. van,1965.Geology of the Spanish part of the Gavarnie nappe and its underlying sediments near Bielsa (Province of Huesca).Thesis Utrecht 1965.Geologica Ultraiectina no. ]0,67 p. IV Bekkenanalyse aan de hand van lithologische facies kaarten,die geen rekening houden met tectonische verkorting,is onjuist en dient der­ halve vermeden te worden. v Sandwave complexen vormen goede potentiele reservoir gesteenten voor aardolie. Nio,S.D.,l977.Marine transgressions as a factor in the formation of sand­ wave complexes.Geol.Mijnb.55,p.18-40. VI De conclusie van Cogne,Millot en Scheibling,dat de intrusie van de granieten in de omgeving van Andlau verantwoordelijk is voor het ge­ lijktijdig ontstaan van een ongericht maaksel in de Schistes de Steige in de binnenste contactzone en microplooiing in dezelfde gesteenten op grotere afstand van het contact,is met zichzelf in tegenspraak.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text (PDF)
    Neuro Images Figure. The section mentioning Cajal’s birth in the Birth Registry of Petilla, province of Navarre, Spain. This registry is currently kept at the Archives of the Diocesan Commission for the Cultural Heritage, Jaca, Spain. Birth certificate of The paternal grandparents are Esteban Ramón, a farmer Santiago Ramón y Cajal born in Isún and who now resides in Huesca, and Rosa Casasus, born in Larres, province of Huesca. The maternal Eduardo Martínez-Vila, MD, PhD, José C. Masdeu, MD, PhD, grandparents are Lorenzo Cajal, a weaver born in Asso, Pamplona, Spain province of Huesca, and Ysabel Puente, born in Larres, Birth certificate of Santiago Ramo´n y Cajal, 1906 Nobel province of Huesca. The godparents are Francisco Sánchez, Laureate in medicine, in recognition of his work on the a farmer born in Petilla, province of Navarre, and Ana structure of the nervous system, on the 150th anniversary María Iriarte, born in Ysuerre, province of Zaragoza, both of his birth on May 1, 1852. of whom were reminded of their spiritual kinship and obli- Birth certificate translation: At nine in the evening of gations. And thus stated, I sign this certificate in Petilla, the first day of May, eighteen hundred and fifty two, an on the second day of May eighteen hundred and fifty two. infant boy was born and on the following day was solemnly Signed: Toribio Barnecha, Vicar of Petilla baptized by myself, the vicar, and was thus named San- tiago Felipe. He is the legitimate son of Justo Ramón, a Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Ric Ardo Mell a | Por L a an Arquía
    RICARDO MELLA | POR LA ANARQUÍA BIBLIOTECA DE DIVULGACIÓN ANARQUISTA #5 Ricardo Mella nace el 23 de noviem- bre de 1863 en Vigo, España. Se presenta en 1882 al Congreso de la Federación Regional Española como anarquista, influido por las ideas de P.J. Proudhon, Herbert Spencer y Francisco Pi y Margall. Desde entonces, comienza una activa vida de producción intelec- tual cuya primera expresión fue en 1885, cuando presentó dos trabajos al Certamen Socialista. Cuatro años más tarde, en 1889, Mella participa del Segundo Certamen Socialista (“la fiesta mayor de la Anarquía”), presentando diversos trabajos que le permitieron “brillar en el campo social como figura de primera mag- nitud”, según señala Pedro Sierra, quien documentó su vida y obra. A partir de ese año, la colaboración de Mella comienza a ser solicitadí- sima en publicaciones de España y el extranjero. Cabe destacar que Ricardo Mella no vivía de su pluma. Su profesión era la de topógrafo. Fallece en 1925. RICARDO MELLA POR LA ANARQUÍA y otros escritos MELLA CEA, RICARDO Por la anarquía 1a ed. – Santiago de Chile: Editorial Eleuterio, 2016. 86 pp.; 12,5x18,5 cms. ISBN 978-956-9261-19-0 1.Anarquismo 2.Política 3.España I. Título EDICIÓN: Grupo de Estudios J. D. Gómez Rojas PROYECTO GRÁFICO: Artes Gráficas Cosmos ISBN: 978-956-9261-19-0 EDITORIAL ELEUTERIO Salvador 1319, Providencia Santiago de Chile. http://eleuterio.grupogomezrojas.org/ [email protected] Copyleft. Este libro no tiene ningún derecho reservado. Se invita a su reproducción y difusión a través de todos los medios posibles. Impreso en Chile Más allá del ideal, hay siempre verdad, hay siempre justicia, hay siempre razón.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct and Indirect Economic Impacts of Drought in the Agri-Food Sector in the Ebro River Basin (Spain)
    Open Access Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2679–2694, 2013 Natural Hazards www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/13/2679/2013/ doi:10.5194/nhess-13-2679-2013 and Earth System © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Sciences Direct and indirect economic impacts of drought in the agri-food sector in the Ebro River basin (Spain) M. Gil, A. Garrido, and N. Hernández-Mora CEIGRAM, Technical University of Madrid, c/ Senda del Rey 13, 28040 Madrid, Spain Correspondence to: M. Gil ([email protected]) Received: 14 December 2012 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: – Revised: 30 June 2013 – Accepted: 9 July 2013 – Published: 28 October 2013 Abstract. The economic evaluation of drought impacts is es- natural hazards and make impacts difficult to assess (Wilhite, sential in order to define efficient and sustainable manage- 1993). These characteristics require innovative methodolo- ment and mitigation strategies. The aim of this study is to gies to evaluate the economic impact and scope of a drought evaluate the economic impacts of a drought event on the agri- (Wipfler et al., 2009). cultural sector and measure how they are transmitted from Water-dependent activities such as agricultural production, primary production to industrial output and related employ- agri-food industry and agricultural employment are severely ment. We fit econometric models to determine the magnitude impacted by a reduction in water availability. Irrigated agri- of the economic loss attributable to water storage. The direct culture is the main consumptive water user in Spain, using impacts of drought on agricultural productivity are measured up to 90 % of available water resources in the Ebro River through a direct attribution model.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal of the European Communities 29.4.2000 L 104/77
    29.4.2000 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 104/77 COMMISSION DECISION of 7 April 2000 amending Decision 98/361/EC establishing the list of approved zones, with regard to infectious haematopoietic necrosis and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in Spain (notified under document number C(2000) 943) (Text with EEA relevance) (2000/311/EC) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, as the national provisions ensuring compliance with the rules on maintenance of approval. Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, (4) Scrutiny of this information allows this status to be granted for these catchment areas. Having regard to Council Directive 91/67/EEC of 28 January (5) The measures provided for in this Decision are in 1991 concerning the animal health conditions governing the accordance with the opinion of the Standing Veterinary 1 placing on the market of aquaculture animals and products ( ), Committee, as last amended by Directive 98/45/EC (2), and in particular Article 5(2)thereof, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Whereas: (1) Member States may obtain for one or more continental Article 1 or coastal zones the status of approved zones free of The Annex to Decision 98/361/EC is replaced by the Annex infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN)and viral hereto. haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS). Article 2 (2) The status of approved continental zone and approved coastal zone in respect of IHN and VHS was granted to This Decision is addressed to the Member States. certain catchment areas and coastal areas in Spain, by Commission Decision 98/361/EC (3), as last amended by Decision 2000/187/EC (4).
    [Show full text]
  • Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
    This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedro Esteve (Barcelona I865-Weehauken, N. J. I925): a Catalan Anarchist in the United States Joan Casanovas L Codina
    You are accessing the Digital Archive of the Esteu accedint a l'Arxiu Digital del Catalan Catalan Review Journal. Review By accessing and/or using this Digital A l’ accedir i / o utilitzar aquest Arxiu Digital, Archive, you accept and agree to abide by vostè accepta i es compromet a complir els the Terms and Conditions of Use available at termes i condicions d'ús disponibles a http://www.nacs- http://www.nacs- catalanstudies.org/catalan_review.html catalanstudies.org/catalan_review.html Catalan Review is the premier international Catalan Review és la primera revista scholarly journal devoted to all aspects of internacional dedicada a tots els aspectes de la Catalan culture. By Catalan culture is cultura catalana. Per la cultura catalana s'entén understood all manifestations of intellectual totes les manifestacions de la vida intel lectual i and artistic life produced in the Catalan artística produïda en llengua catalana o en les language or in the geographical areas where zones geogràfiques on es parla català. Catalan Catalan is spoken. Catalan Review has been Review es publica des de 1986. in publication since 1986. Pedro Esteve (Barcelona I865-Weehauken, N. J. I925): A Catalan Anarchist in the United States Joan Casanovas L Codina Catalan Review, Vol. V, number 1 (July, 1991), p. 57-77 PEDRO ESTEVE (BARCELONA r865-WEEHAUKEN, N. J. r925): A CATALAN ANARCHIST IN THE UNITED STATES JOAN CASANOV AS l CODINA PRELIMINARY NOTES' P edro Esteve was the most prominent anarchist to have corne from Spain to the U. S., where he was the editor of at least seven anarchist papers, a labor organizer and an orator in Spanish, Italian and English.
    [Show full text]
  • 150 Years of Libertarian
    150 years of Libertarian The Anarchist FAQ Editorial Collective 2008 This year, 2008, marks the 150th anniversary of the use of the word “libertarian” by anarchists. As is well known, anarchists use the terms “libertarian”, “libertarian socialist” and “libertarian communist” as equivalent to “anarchist” and, similarly, “libertarian socialism” or “libertarian communism” as an alternative for “anarchism.” This is perfectly understandable, as the anarchist goal is freedom, liberty, and the ending of all hierarchical and authoritarian institutions and social relations. Unfortunately, in the United States the term “libertarian” has become, since the 1970s, associated with the right-wing, i.e., supporters of “free-market” capitalism. That defenders of the hierarchy associated with private property seek to associate the term “libertarian” for their authoritarian system is both unfortunate and some- what unbelievable to any genuine libertarian. Equally unfortunately, thanks to the power of money and the relative small size of the anarchist movement in America, this appropriation of the term has become, to a large extent, the default meaning there. Somewhat ironically, this results in some right-wing “libertarians” complain- ing that we genuine libertarians have “stolen” their name in order to associate our socialist ideas with it! The facts are somewhat different. As Murray Bookchin noted, “libertarian” was “a term created by nineteenth-century European anarchists, not by contemporary American right-wing proprietarians.” [The Ecology of Freedom, p. 57] While we discuss this issue in An Anarchist FAQ in a few places (most obviously, section A.1.3) it is useful on the 150^th anniversary to discuss the history of anarchist use of the word “libertarian” to describe our ideas.
    [Show full text]