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The Early Life Histories of Three Families of Cephalopods (Order Teuthoidea) and an Examination of the Concept of a Paralarva

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The Early Life Histories of Three Families of Cephalopods (Order Teuthoidea) and an Examination of the Concept of a Paralarva W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1995 The Early Life Histories of Three Families of Cephalopods (Order Teuthoidea) and an Examination of the Concept of a Paralarva Elizabeth Keane Shea College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Shea, Elizabeth Keane, "The Early Life Histories of Three Families of Cephalopods (Order Teuthoidea) and an Examination of the Concept of a Paralarva" (1995). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617690. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-1wxh-6552 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. L-ilay R r e h w e s n v e s i s . Shea. C-Sl THE EARLY LIFE HISTORIES OF THREE FAMILIES OF CEPHALOPODS (ORDER TEUTHOIDEA) AND AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONCEPT OF A PARALARVA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia VlROlNi.o f til In Partial Fulfillment OfinstituITE marine Of the Requirements for the Degree of sClENci Master of Arts by Elizabeth K. Shea 1995 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Elizabeth K. Shea Approved, July 1995 Dr. Michael Vecchione Committee Co-Chairman/Advisor Dr. Roger L. Mann Committee Co-Chairman/Advisor :n John E. Olney Dr. John M. Brubaker Dr. Mark R. Patterson Dr.^Clyde F.E. Roper Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................... vii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION ............................ 2 Identification and Taxonomy of Newly-hatched Cephalopods ................... 3 Ecology of Newly-Hatched Cephalopods ........................................................ 7 Thesis Problem ......................................................................................................10 MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................... 12 M ATERIALS.......................................................................................................... 12 Collecting Stations .................................................................................... 12 Collecting G ear-N ets ..............................................................................15 Collecting Gear- Physical Data .............................................................16 METHODS ............................................................................................................ 16 Collection M ethods .................................................................................. 16 Identification ............................................................................................. 18 Depth Distribution .................................................................................. 19 Latitude and Longitude Distributions ................................................20 Morphometric D ata .................................................................................. 20 Statistical Methods .................................................................................. 22 RESULTS............................................................................................................................. 31 Chtenopteryx sicula........................................................ 31 Depth and Areal Distributions ............................................................ 35 Morphometric D ata ..................................................................................39 Ontogenic Changes in External Morphology .....................................41 Multidimensional Scaling ....................................................................... 42 Idioteuthis m agna................................................................................................... 44 Depth and Areal Distributions ............................................................ 44 Morphometric D ata ..................................................................................49 Ontogenic Changes in External Morphology .....................................51 Multidimensional Scaling ....................................................................... 51 iii Mastigoteuthis agassizii .........................................................................................54 Depth and Areal Distributions ........................................................ 54 Morphometric Data ................................................................................58 Ontogenic Changes in External Morphology ...................................... 60 Multidimensional Scaling ..................................................... 62 Brachioteuthis sp. 3................................................................................................. 72 Depth and Areal Distributions ............................................................... 72 Morphometric d ata ................... 75 Ontogenic Changes in External Morphology ......................................78 Multidimensional Scaling .............................................................. 80 Brachioteuthis s p .4................................................................................................. 82 Depth and Areal Distributions ...... ............................................ 82 M orphometric data ................................................................................87 Ontogenic Changes in External Morphology ...................................... 89 Multidimensional Scaling ....................................................................... 91 DISCUSSION .....................................................................................................................94 Family Chtenopterygidae ....................................................................... 96 Family Mastigoteuthidae ..................................................................... 100 Family Brachioteuthidae ......................... 108 Utility of the Concept of a Paralarva ..................................................115 APPENDIX A.............................. 122 LITERATURE CITED ................................................. 123 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I very gratefully acknowledge and appreciate the constant support, guidance, and encouragement of my major professor, Dr. Michael Vecchione, during this research project. Identification of species, selection of methodologies and interpretation of results would have been impossible without his willingness to put down his own work and help me with mine. He is also a valued friend. I would like to thank the other members of my Advisory Committee for their willingness to dive into a topic that was so far afield of their own interests, and for their patience with an absentee student. In particular, my thanks to John Olney, who was not only generous with his time and support, but also welcomed a fledgling squid researcher into his fish lab. I would especially like to thank Dr. Clyde Roper for introducing me to the wonderful world of cephalopods, and for his continued support and direction over the last seven years. The Smithsonian "Squid Squad", in particular, Mike Sweeney, has been extremely helpful in allowing me access to the collection and in giving me work space during the waning phases of this thesis. No acknowledgment section would be complete without thanking friends and family. Thank you for the long talks (SCIENCE!!), the parties, trips to the pub, lunchtime retreats, and marathon shopping trips. I have never had such good friends as those I found at VIMS. Mom and Dad, I know you think I'm crazy, but thank you for supporting me anyway. And finally, to Dennis. Thank you for always being there to listen, commiserate, and advise—you're the greatest! v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Summary of station and collection data for 1980-1983 cruises ............................. 17 2. Morphometric characters measured in all species of each family ....................... 23 3. Summary of families identified in the AMNAPE collection, the number of stations where these families were caught and the total number of specimens caught ....................................................................................................32 4. Comparison between original descriptions of Brachioteuthis bowmanii, B. beaniif and B. picta and characteristics noted in B. sp. 3 and B .sp.4........................ 70 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location of sampling stations .......................................................................................13 2. Measurements used for morphometric analysis .................................................... 24 3. Illustration of 2.7mm DML Chtenopteryx sicula...................................................... 33 4. Depth distribution of Chtenopteryx sicula...................................................................36
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