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Dissertation Ist an Der TU Wien Bibliothek Verfügbar DISSERTATION Das Zuhause als Ort sozialer Roboter Ko-Konstitution sozialer Räume durch Assistenzsysteme ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Technischen Architektur unter der Leitung von Univ.Prof. Dr.phil. Vera Bühlmann E259-04 - Forschungsbereich Architekturtheorie und Technikphilosophie Institut für Architekturwissenschaften Begutachtung durch Univ.Prof. Sabine Köszegi Forschungsbereich Arbeitswissenschaft und Organisation, TU Wien und Univ.Prof. Martina Mara LIT Robopsychology Lab, JKU Linz eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von DI DI Benjamin Stangl 0425486 [email protected] Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Wien, am 16. August 2019 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre an Eides statt, dass die vorliegende Arbeit nach den anerkannten Grundsätzen für wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen von mir selbstständig erstellt wurde. Alle verwendeten Hilfsmittel, insbesondere die zugrunde gelegte Literatur, sind in dieser Arbeit genannt und aufgelistet. Die aus den Quellen wörtlich entnommenen Stellen sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Das Thema dieser Arbeit wurde von mir bisher weder im In- noch Ausland einer Beurteilerin/einem Beurteiler zur Begutachtung in irgendeiner Form als Prüfungsarbeit vorgelegt. Diese Arbeit stimmt mit der von den Begutachterinnen/Begutachtern beurteilten Arbeit überein. Wien, am 16. August 2019 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Danksagung An erster Stelle möchte ich Dr. Oliver Schürer für die motivierende und konstruktive Unterstützung danken sowie dafür, dass er das Forschungsvorhaben von Beginn an begleitet und mir die notwendigen Freiräume bei der Entwicklung eingeräumt hat. Seine Vorschläge und Ideen haben maßgeblich zur Umsetzung dieser Arbeit beigetragen. Ein herzlicher Dank gilt den weiteren Kollegen der Forschungsgruppe H.A.U.S. (Humanoids in Architecture and Urban Spaces) Mag. Christoph Hubatschke und Dr. Christoph Müller für den fachlichen und freundschaftlichen Austausch über die letzten Jahre. Danken möchte ich auch Prof. Dr. Vera Bühlmann, Leiterin des Forschungsbereichs Architekturtheorie und Technikphilosophie, für die Möglichkeit die Dissertation an ihrem Fachbereich durchzuführen. Ein besonderer Dank geht an meine Eltern und meine Frau Hanna, die mich stets liebevoll und geduldig unterstützt und meine Arbeit Korrektur gelesen haben. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Das Zuhause als Ort sozialer Roboter Ko-Konstitution sozialer Räume durch Assistenzsysteme Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Benjamin Stangl 2019 Inhaltsverzeichnis Kurzfassung ............................................................................................................9 Abstract .................................................................................................................11 1. Einleitung .......................................................................................................13 1.1. Interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld 15 1.2. Bestandsaufnahme: Soziale Roboter für das Zuhause 16 1.3. Persönlicher Zugang 21 2. Forschungsfragen ..........................................................................................23 2.1. Aufbau 26 Abschnitt I: Aufbereitung des Forschungsfeldes 3. Begriffsbestimmungen ...................................................................................29 3.1. Roboter und soziale Roboter 29 3.2. Assistenzsysteme 31 3.3. Gebäudetechnik, Heimautomation, smart home 33 3.4. Sozialer Raum 34 4. Theorien und Diskurse ..................................................................................36 4.1. Handlungsträgerschaft von Technik 36 4.2. Raum und sozialer Raum 39 4.3. Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion 44 5. Wissenschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Hintergrund ............................50 5.1. Historische Aspekte: Automaten und Roboter 50 5.2. Der Begriff des sozialen Roboters 52 5.3. Anwendungsbereiche der Robotik 53 5.4. Robotik und der demografische Wandel 56 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 5.5. Interkulturelle Unterschiede in der Einstellung zu Robotern 59 5.6. Entwicklung und Verbreitung von Technologien in Haushalten 63 5.7. Anthropomorphismus und der Uncanny Valley 69 5.8. Europäische und internationale Initiativen zur Robotik und KI 78 5.9. Fiktionale Roboter in Filmen, Serien und anderen Medien 83 5.10. Logistik, verteiltes Handeln und die Organisation von Lagerräumen 94 5.11. Robotik und KI als wachsender Wirtschaftszweig 97 5.12. Welche Zukunft wollen wir haben? 100 5.13. Erste Zwischenbilanz zum Forschungsfeld der sozialen Robotik 109 6. Perspektiven auf die Entwicklung und Nutzung sozialer Roboter .........112 6.1. Habitat, Domestizierung und Anpassung 113 6.2. Bedarf und Akzeptanz 117 6.3. Künstlerische Ansätze zur Gestaltung der Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion 118 6.4. Inklusiver Ansatz der Technikentwicklung 131 6.5. Assistenzroboter im Wohn- und Pflegebereich 134 6.6. Workshop zu den Aufgaben eines Assistenzroboters 139 6.7. Soziale Roboter und zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen 143 Abschnitt II: Entwicklung der Theorie 7. Technik als Handlungsträger ......................................................................150 7.1. Verteiltes und gradualisiertes Handlungskonzept 150 7.2. Soziale Roboter als Handlungsträger 153 8. Ko-Konstitution sozialer Räume durch soziale Roboter ..........................156 8.1. Sozialer Raum als Anordnungs- und Wahrnehmungsprozess 158 8.2. Dimensionen der Konstitution sozialer Räume 160 8.3. Prozesse der Ko-Konstitution sozialer Räume durch Roboter 164 8.4. Zweite Zwischenbilanz zur Ko-Konstitution sozialer Räume 170 Abschnitt III: Anwendungsfelder 9. Wohnumgebungen und soziale Roboter ....................................................173 9.1. Infrastrukturen in Wohnumgebungen 175 9.2. Wohnräume als Anwendungsbereiche sozialer Roboter 179 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 9.3. Soziale Roboter und Heimautomation: Parallelen und Unterscheide 183 10. Assistenzraum Küche: Architektonischer Raum und soziales System ...190 10.1. Gestaltung und Organisationsformen der Küche 193 10.2. Die Küche als technologischer Assistenzraum 208 Abschnitt IV: Anknüpfungspunkte für die Praxis 11. Dimensionen der Ko-Konstitution sozialer Räume ..................................213 11.1. Materiale Verschränkung von Technik und Raum 214 11.2. Handlungsbezug von Technik und Raum 215 11.3. Synthese von Räumen durch Technik 217 11.4. Atmosphärische Verschränkung von Technik und Raum 217 12. Zusammenfassung und Diskussion ............................................................220 12.1. Zusammenfassung 220 12.2. Diskussion und Ausblick 222 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ......................................................................................225 Literaturverzeichnis ...........................................................................................226 Tabellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................242 Abbildungsverzeichnis .......................................................................................243 Anhang ................................................................................................................249 Hacks: Mikro-Projekte mit humanoiden Robotern 249 Publikationen und Vorträge 254 Lebenslauf 256 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this doctoral thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Kurzfassung Technik hält in immer mehr Produkte, Dienstleistungen und Orte des privaten Lebens Einzug. Fortschritte im Bereich der Robotik und der künstlichen Intelligenz bereiten den Weg zu konkreten Anwendungen in menschlichen Lebensräumen. Zukünftig sollen soziale Roboter Aufgaben in Wohnräumen übernehmen, etwa als Komponente der Heimautomation, als Unterstützer von Routinetätigkeiten im Haushalt oder als Assistenzsysteme für ältere Menschen. Die soziale Robotik ist ein Innovationsfeld, in dem technische, soziale, ethische, wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Fragestellungen verhandelt werden. Die aktuellen Diskurse in der sozialen Robotik und der Architektur haben sich bislang kaum gegenseitig rezipiert. Sie finden größtenteils unabhängig voneinander und ohne Bezugspunkte zueinander statt.
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