DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloaded 09/28/21 09:34 PM UTC 1364 JOURNAL of ATMOSPHERIC and OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 33

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloaded 09/28/21 09:34 PM UTC 1364 JOURNAL of ATMOSPHERIC and OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 33 JULY 2016 H O N G E T A L . 1363 A Unique Satellite-Based Sea Surface Wind Speed Algorithm and Its Application in Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis SUNGWOOK HONG Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinfomatics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea HWA-JEONG SEO National Meteorological Satellite Center, Korea Meteorological Administration, Gwanghyewon-myeon, South Korea YOUNG-JOO KWON Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinfomatics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea (Manuscript received 2 June 2015, in final form 29 December 2015) ABSTRACT This study proposes a sea surface wind speed retrieval algorithm (the Hong wind speed algorithm) for use in rainy and rain-free conditions. It uses a combination of satellite-observed microwave brightness tempera- tures, sea surface temperatures, and horizontally polarized surface reflectivities from the fast Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV), and surface and atmospheric profiles from the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Regression relationships between satellite-observed brightness tem- perature and satellite-simulated brightness temperatures, satellite-simulated brightness temperatures, rough surface reflectivities, and between sea surface roughness and sea surface wind speed are derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2). Validation results of sea surface wind speed be- tween the proposed algorithm and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) data show that the estimated bias 2 2 and RMSE for AMSR-2 6.925- and 10.65-GHz bands are 0.09 and 1.13 m s 1, and 20.52 and 1.21 m s 1, respectively. Typhoon intensities such as the current intensity (CI) number, maximum wind speed, and minimum pressure level based on the proposed technique (the Hong technique) are compared with best-track data from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMSS) for 13 typhoons that occurred in the northeastern Pacific Ocean throughout 2012. Although the results show good agreement for low- and medium-range typhoon intensities, the discrepancy increases with typhoon intensity. Consequently, this study provides a useful retrieval algorithm for estimating sea surface wind speed, even during rainy conditions, and for analyzing characteristics of tropical cyclones. 1. Introduction et al. 2005), and peak wind speeds have also increased by over 50% in this region since 1949 (Emanuel 2005). Tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly typhoons, are Information related to the eye and the center of a TC major natural disasters on the Korean Peninsula, and together with its intensity and wind field (radius of they inflict huge damage within a period of a few days to maximum wind) are important factors used in the weeks. Trends in intensities of TCs across the western analysis of such phenomena. The maritime nature of North Pacific basin have increased recently (Webster TCs and the lack of extensive in situ observations over oceans result in a strong dependence on satellite remote sensing. This has led the forecasters to analyze factors such as TC cloud type, intensity, and the relationships Corresponding author address: Dr. Sungwook Hong, De- partment of Environment, Energy, and Geoinfomatics, Sejong between their position and motion, in addition to mon- University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea. itoring the advent, maturation, and dissipation stages E-mail: [email protected] of a TC’s lifetime sequentially. DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0128.1 Ó 2016 American Meteorological Society Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/28/21 09:34 PM UTC 1364 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 33 Remote sensing developed quickly after the advent Therefore, obtaining an accurate measurement of of Earth-orbiting satellites, and it has since been used sea surface wind speed (WS)isveryimportantfor to analyze TCs. The Dvorak TC intensity estimation monitoring typhoon intensities; it also affects the method (Dvorak 1975), based on infrared (IR) and ability to provide an accurate TC warning by elimi- visible (VIS) satellite imagery (Dvorak 1984), is most nating the subjectivity of individual analysts. Micro- notable for its operational use and its TC best-track wave remote sensors have an advantage in estimating archives (Velden et al. 2012). However, previous WS because the increase of sea surface emissivity, due research has evaluated the shortcomings and accu- to roughness (English and Hewison 1998; Liu et al. racy of the Dvorak technique (Guard 1988; Mayfield 2011) and foam effects (Tang 1974) driven by WS,is et al. 1988; Brown and Franklin 2004; Kossin and related physically to the observed brightness temper- Velden 2004; Velden et al. 2006; Knaffetal.2010). ature (TB). Many well-calibrated ocean emissivity The main disadvantage appears to be the inevitable models have been developed for passive microwave subjectivity of the individual analysts (Lu and Yu radiometers (Stogryn 1967; Wilheit 1979; Wentz et al. 2013). Misapplications and a number of regional 1986; Wentz and Meissner 2000) and applied to a modifications have taken place over a period of many number of passive satellite sensors, including the years by various national tropical cyclone analysis TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), the Special Sensor centers (Velden et al. 2012). Microwave Imager (SSM/I), Special Sensor Micro- When using the Dvorak technique, the TC center lo- wave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS), and the Advanced cation is determined first. Second, after an estimation of Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing pattern recognition and two quasi-independent TC in- System (AMSR-E) sensor on board the Aqua satellite. tensities relying on cloud systems (eye, curved band, A method for estimating the TC intensity utilizing shear, and covered center), the best TC intensity is TMI data, based on a multiple regression technique, chosen and is finally determined through selected rules. has also been developed (Hoshino and Nakazawa For the northwest Pacific Ocean, including the South 2007). In addition, Saitoh and Shibata (2010) described China Sea, the Regional Specialized Meteorological a method for estimating the WS using horizontal TB at Center (RSMC) Tokyo at the Japan Meteorological 6.925- and 10.65-GHz channels of AMSR-E on board the Agency (JMA) has the responsibility of issuing TC track Aqua satellite. Currently, active and passive microwave and intensity forecasts. RSMC Tokyo produces fore- remote sensing have become established as critical op- casts of the center’s position, with an associated 70% erational tools for TC analysis. In particular, passive mi- probability of the TC direction and speed through the crowave imagery (36–37 and 85–91 GHz), using an following 120 h. In addition, the minimum sea level Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), provides pressure (PMIN) and the maximum surface wind (WS,MAX) direct diagnosis of the inner structure of TCs (Brueske are forecast through 72 h. and Velden 2003; Herndon et al. 2004; Demuth et al. The majority of TC WS,MAX values reported by oper- 2004, 2006). ational centers are derived from application of the In this study, we present a physical algorithm for es- Dvorak technique by converting a Dvorak current in- timating surface wind speed using passive microwave tensity (CI) number directly to a WS,MAX (Velden et al. remote sensing, the 6.925- and 10.65-GHz bands of 2012). Thus, differences in the CI values between AMSR-2 on board the Global Change Observation agencies are commonly expected within a 60.5 CI Mission–Water (GCOM-W1) satellite because of their number between different analysts performing the cal- radiative properties in relation to rain. We also pres- culations, because different conversion tables are used ent a retrieval scheme for estimating TC intensity (CI to obtain WS,MAX from CI numbers (Velden et al. 2012). number) and PMIN from WS,MAX using the Hong WS For example, the JMA-verified Dvorak CI number uses algorithm. the conversion table of Koba et al. (1991) for TCs passing through the Japanese islands, or those observed 2. Theoretical background using experimental aircraft observations for 1995–2009. JTWC (1974) found 74% and 91% within 60.5 and 61.0 The energy emissions measured by satellite radiom- of a CI number (DWS,MAX), respectively, when com- eters are often expressed in terms of TB, which can be paring CI numbers with CI derived from JTWC’s best- calculated for polarizations (Randa et al. 2008). The track data. In addition, the JMA found 65.7%, 89.1%, polarized brightness temperature (TB,P) is influenced by and 97.6% within 60.5, 61.0, and 61.5 of CI differences the cosmic background temperature, the atmosphere, (DWS,MAX), respectively, between CI numbers and CI and Earth’s surface at a given incidence angle in the derived from JMA’s best-track data (Kruk et al. 2010). microwave range: Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/28/21 09:34 PM UTC JULY 2016 H O N G E T A L . 1365 5 1G 2 1 TB,P T[ [(1 RR,P)TS RR,PTY], (1) English and Hewison 1998; Hong 2010b,c,d; Hong and Shin 2013; Hong 2013). where RR,P is the rough sea surface reflectivity; the Rough surface reflectivities RR,P and specular surface subscript P indicates vertical (V) or horizontal (H) po- reflectivities RS,P for each polarization are related to larization; TS is the sea surface temperature; G is the each other by small-scale roughness s, which corre- atmospheric transmittance; and T[ and TY are the up- sponds to the height probability density function with a ward and downward atmospheric brightness tempera- Gaussian distribution when using a semiempirical model tures, respectively. based on the incoherent approach depending on am- plitudes only (Ulaby et al. 1981) instead of depending on a. Atmospheric transmittance both the amplitude and phases within the medium, and Under the no-rainy conditions at low microwave fre- is shown as follows (Choudhury et al. 1979): quencies (,10 GHz), atmospheric contributions to the vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi u ! brightness temperature in satellite observations are l u t RS,P negligible (Yan and Weng 2008; Uhlhorn and Black s 5 ln , (2) 4p cosu R 2003).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Wind Features Associated with the Multiple Eyewall in Typhoon Bolaven
    The Wind Features associated with the Multiple Eyewall in Typhoon Bolaven Seiji ORIGUCHI, Kazuo SAITO, Hiromu SEKO, Wataru Mashiko and Masaru KUNII Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction Typhoon ‘Bolaven’ passed the Okinawa Main Island at about 1200 UTC 26 August 2012, while moving northwestward. The surface observation data at Nago of Okinawa show that the rainfall intensity and surface wind speed in the typhoon’s central regions were smaller and weaker than those of the JMA’s operational forecast. Okinawa Meteorological Observatory held an unprecedented press conference before the approach of typhoon ‘Bolaven’ to take the greatest precautions for the local governments and inhabitants. However, severe damages did not actually occur. The radar images of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the multiple eyewall structures of ‘Bolaven’ were clearly maintained for more than at least 24 hours without eyewall replacements. It is deduced that the structures of multiple eyewall affected the wind velocity and precipitation in the typhoon’s central region. In this study, the multiple eyewall structures and wind features were reproduced by the cloud-resolving ensemble simulation to investigate the relation between them. 2. Experimental settings and Multi-Eye Index A cloud resolving ensemble simulation with a horizontal resolution of 1 km, horizontal grids of 800×800, 60 vertical layers and 11 members was performed up to the forecast time (FT) of 24 hours from the initial time at 1800 UTC 25 August using the JMA nonhydrostatic model. The initial and boundary conditions for the cloud resolving ensemble simulation were taken from a mesoscale ensemble simulation with a horizontal resolution of 5 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Data Construction for a Typhoon Disaster Prevention Model : Monthly Characteristics of Typhoon Rusa, Maemi, Kompasu, and Bolaven
    AAS02-P10 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2019 Basic Data Construction for a Typhoon Disaster Prevention Model : Monthly Characteristics of Typhoon Rusa, Maemi, Kompasu, and Bolaven *HANA NA1, Woo-Sik Jung1 1. Department of Atmospheric Environment Information Engineering, Atmospheric Environment Information Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea According to a typhoon report that summarized the typhoons that had affected the Korean Peninsula for approximately 100 years since the start of weather observation in the Korean Peninsula, the number of typhoons that affected the Korean Peninsula was the highest in August, followed by July, and September. A study that analyzed the period between 1953 and 2003 revealed that the number of typhoons that affected the Korean Peninsula was 62 in August, 49 in July, and 45 in September. As shown, previous studies that analyzed the typhoons that affected the Korean Peninsula by month were primarily focused on the impact frequency. This study aims to estimate the monthly impact frequency of the typhoons that affected the Korean Peninsula as well as the maximum wind speed that accompanied the typhoons. It also aims to construct the basic data of a typhoon disaster prevention model by estimating the maximum wind speed during typhoon period using Typhoon Rusa that resulted in the highest property damage, Typhoon Maemi that recorded the maximum wind speed, Typhoon Kompasu that significantly affected the Seoul metropolitan area, and Typhoon Bolaven that recently recorded severe damages. A typhoon disaster prevention model was used to estimate the maximum wind speed of the 3-second gust that may occur, and the 700 hPa wind speed estimated through WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) numerical simulation was used as input data.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Meteorology Volume 2013, Article ID 357497, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/357497 Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012 Ningli Huang,1 Zheqing Fang,2 and Fei Liu1 1 Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zheqing Fang; [email protected] Received 27 February 2013; Revised 5 May 2013; Accepted 21 May 2013 Academic Editor: Lian Xie Copyright © 2013 Ningli Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The buoy observation network in the East China Sea is used to assist the determination of the characteristics of tropical cyclone structure in August 2012. When super typhoon “Haikui” made landfall in northern Zhejiang province, it passed over three buoys, the East China Sea Buoy, the Sea Reef Buoy, and the Channel Buoy, which were located within the radii of the 13.9 m/s winds, 24.5 m/s winds, and 24.5 m/s winds, respectively. These buoy observations verified the accuracy of typhoon intensity determined by China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The East China Sea Buoy had closely observed typhoons “Bolaven” and “Tembin,” which provided real-time guidance for forecasters to better understand the typhoon structure and were also used to quantify the air-sea interface heat exchange during the passage of the storm.
    [Show full text]
  • Prediction of Typhoon-Induced Flood Flows at Ungauged Catchments Using Simple Regression and Generalized Estimating Equation Approaches
    water Article Prediction of Typhoon-Induced Flood Flows at Ungauged Catchments Using Simple Regression and Generalized Estimating Equation Approaches Hyosang Lee 1, Neil McIntyre 2 ID , Joungyoun Kim 3 ID , Sunggu Kim 1 and Hojin Lee 1,* 1 School of Civil Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (S.K.) 2 Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; [email protected] 3 Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-43-261-2379 Received: 29 March 2018; Accepted: 14 May 2018; Published: 16 May 2018 Abstract: Typhoons are the main type of natural disaster in Korea, and accurately predicting typhoon-induced flood flows at gauged and ungauged locations remains an important challenge. Flood flows caused by six typhoons since 2002 (typhoons Rusa, Maemi, Nari, Dienmu, Kompasu and Bolaven) are modeled at the outlets of 24 Geum River catchments using the Probability Distributed Moisture model. The Monte Carlo Analysis Toolbox is applied with the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency as the criterion for model parameter estimation. Linear regression relationships between the parameters of the Probability Distributed Moisture model and catchment characteristics are developed for the purpose of generalizing the parameter estimates to ungauged locations. These generalized parameter estimates are tested in terms of ability to predict the flood hydrographs over the 24 catchments using a leave-one-out validation approach. We then test the hypothesis that a more complex generalization approach, the Generalized Estimating Equation, which includes properties of the typhoons as well as catchment characteristics as predictors of PDM model parameters, will provide more accurate predictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Binary-Interacted Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven in 2012 on Surges and Waves Over the East China Sea
    EGU2020-6345 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6345 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Impacts of Binary-interacted Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven in 2012 on Surges and Waves over the East China Sea Jie Yang1,2, Yong Li3,4, and Meixiang Chen5 1Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence (Hohai University), Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, China ([email protected]) 2College of Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China ([email protected]) 3Tianjin Centre, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, China ([email protected]) 4Key Laboratory of Coast Geo-environment, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, China ([email protected]) 5College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China ([email protected]) Typhoon-induced storm surges and waves are highly related with typhoon track and associated wind stresses and atmospheric pressures at sea surface. The effects of binary interaction may alter typhoon tracks and even forward speed, which might influence waves and surge heights in the ocean. In the present study, we execute a series of numerical experiments to investigate how isolated and binary typhoons would impact the ocean waves and generated surges offshore and nearshore. The responses of binary typhoons to sea level rise and land subsidence are also discussed. The Typhoon Tembin and Typhoon Bolaven influenced the East China Sea with equivalent intensity of tropical storm and Category 2, respectively, on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is utilized to hindcast the layered wind and atmospheric pressure fields above sea/land surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Rainfall Induced by Binary Tropical Cyclones Over China
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Online ISSN 1976-7951 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-020-00201-6 Print ISSN 1976-7633 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Rainfall Induced by Binary Tropical Cyclones over China Mingyang Wang1,2 & Fumin Ren2 & Yanjun Xie3 & Guoping Li1 & Ming-Jen Yang4 & Tian Feng1,2 Received: 8 November 2019 /Revised: 28 March 2020 /Accepted: 29 March 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Binary tropical cyclones (BTC) often bring disastrous rainfall to China. From the viewpoint of the extreme of the BTC maximum daily rainfall, the characteristics of BTC extreme rainfall (BTCER) during 1960–2018 are analyzed, using daily rainfall data; and some representative large-scale mean flows, in which the associated BTCs are embedded, are analyzed. Results show that the frequency of BTCER shows a decreasing trend [−0.49 (10 yr)−1] and is mainly distributed within the BTC heavy rainstorm interval (100 mm ≤ BTCER <250 mm). BTCER occurs mostly from July to September with a peak in August. Three BTCER typical regions— Minbei, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Taiwan—are identified according to the clustering of stations with high BTCER frequency and large BTCER. A further analysis of the 850-hPa BTC composite horizontal wind and water vapor flux over the PRD region shows the existence of two water vapor transport channels, which transport water vapor to the western tropical cyclone. In the first of these channels, the transport takes place via the southwest monsoon, which accounts for 58% of the total moisture, and an easterly flow associated with eastern tropical cyclone accounts for the remaining 42%.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresenius Environmental Bulletin Founded Jointly by F. Korte and F
    FEB – Fresenius Environmental Bulletin founded jointly by F. Korte and F. Coulston Production by PSP – Parlar Scientific Publications, Angerstr. 12, 85354 Freising, Germany in cooperation with Lehrstuhl für Chemisch-Technische Analyse und Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising - Weihenstephan, Germany Copyright © by PSP – Parlar Scientific Publications, Angerstr. 12, 85354 Freising, Germany. All rights are reserved, especially the right to translate into foreign language. No part of the journal may be reproduced in any form- through photocopying, microfilming or other processes- or converted to a machine language, especially for data processing equipment- without the written permission of the publisher. The rights of reproduction by lecture, radio and television transmission, magnetic sound recording or similar means are also reserved. Printed in GERMANY – ISSN 1018-4619 © by PSP Volume 24 – No 4. 2015 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin FEB - EDITORIAL BOARD Environmental Toxicology: Prof. Dr. H. Greim Chief Editor: Senatskomm. d. DFG z. Prüfung gesundheitsschädl. Arbeitsstoffe TU München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Prof. Dr. H. Parlar Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Analytische Chemie Prof. Dr. A. Kettrup TU München - 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Analytische Chemie e-mail: [email protected] TU München - 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany FEB - ADVISORY BOARD Co-Editors: Environmental Analytical Chemistry: Environmental Analytical Chemistry: K. Ballschmitter, D - K. Bester, D - K. Fischer, D - R. Kallenborn, N Dr. D. Kotzias D.C.G. Muir, CAN - R. Niessner, D - W. Vetter, D – R. Spaccini, I Via Germania 29 21027 Barza (Va) ITALY Environmental Proteomic and Biology: D. Adelung, D - G.I. Kvesitadze, GEOR A. Reichlmayr-Lais, D - C. Steinberg, D Environmental Proteomic and Biology: Environmental Chemistry: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Binary Interaction Between Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven in 2012
    Hindawi Advances in Meteorology Volume 2019, Article ID 7529263, 16 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7529263 Research Article Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Binary Interaction between Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven in 2012 Zhipeng Xian and Keyi Chen School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, 610225 Chengdu, China Correspondence should be addressed to Keyi Chen; [email protected] Received 7 November 2018; Revised 14 February 2019; Accepted 26 February 2019; Published 3 April 2019 Academic Editor: Mario M. Miglietta Copyright © 2019 Zhipeng Xian and Keyi Chen. ,is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ,e binary interaction is one of the most challenging factors to improve the forecast accuracy of multiple tropical cyclones (TCs) in close vicinity. ,e effect of binary interaction usually results in anomalous track and variable intensity of TCs. A typical interaction type, one-way influence mode, has been investigated by many studies which mainly focused on the anomalous track and record- breaking precipitation, such as typhoons Morakot and Goni. In this paper, a typical case of this type, typhoons Tembin and Bolaven, occurred in the western North Pacific in August 2012, was selected to study how one typhoon impacts the track and intensity of the other one. ,e vortex of Tembin or Bolaven and the monsoon circulation were removed by a TC bogus scheme and a low-pass Lanczos filter, respectively, to carry out the numerical experiments. ,e results show that the presence of monsoon made the binary interaction more complex by affecting the tracks and the translation speeds of the TCs.
    [Show full text]
  • “Voice of the Sea” Microseism Generation and Its Remote Monitoring
    remote sensing Article Cyclonic Process of the “Voice of the Sea” Microseism Generation and Its Remote Monitoring Grigory I. Dolgikh 1,2 , Vladimir A. Chupin 1,* , Egor S. Gusev 1,2 and Galina A. Timoshina 2 1 V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; [email protected] (G.I.D.); [email protected] (E.S.G.) 2 “AEROCOSMOS” Research Institute for Aerospace Monitoring, 105064 Moscow, Russia; offi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The article presents the results of microseismic signals of the “voice of the sea” registration by a two-coordinate laser strainmeter during the passage of typhoons through and near the water area of the Sea of Japan. It was established that the “voice of the sea” microseisms appear and disappear almost simultaneously with primary microseisms, i.e., the powerful “voice of the sea” microseisms exist only in the presence of powerful wind waves, generated by a passing typhoon. According to the processing results of the obtained experimental data, the “voice of the sea” microseisms generation area is located in the “sea-land” transition zone, i.e., near and/or in the surf zone. Based on the data of the two-coordinate laser strainmeter, we determined the bearing of the “voice of the sea” microseisms generation area. The movement of this area coincides with the movement of the rear part of tropical cyclones. Keywords: typhoon; wind; wind waves; “voice of the sea” microseisms; primary microseisms; Citation: Dolgikh, G.I.; Chupin, V.A.; bearing; area of microseisms generation Gusev, E.S.; Timoshina, G.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Typhoons on the Composition of the Upper Troposphere Within The
    Impact of typhoons on the composition of the upper troposphere within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone: the SWOP campaign in Lhasa 2013 Dan Li1,2, Bärbel Vogel2, Jianchun Bian1,3, Rolf Müller2, Laura L. Pan4, Gebhard Günther2, Zhixuan Bai1,3, Qian Li1, Jinqiang Zhang1, Qiujun Fan1,3, and Holger Vömel5 1Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany 3College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 4Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA 5Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA Correspondence to: Dan Li ([email protected]) Abstract. In the frame of the SWOP (sounding water vapour, ozone, and particle) campaign during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), ozone and water vapour profiles were measured by balloon-borne sensors launched from Lhasa (29.66◦ N, 91.14◦ E, elevation 3,650 m), China, in August 2013. In total, 24 soundings were launched, nearly half of which show strong variations in the relationship between ozone and water vapour in the tracer−tracer correlation in the upper troposphere and lower strato- 5 sphere (UTLS). 20-day backward trajectories of each sounding were calculated using the trajectory module of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) to analyse these variations. The trajectory calculations demonstrate that three tropical cyclones (tropical storm Jebi, typhoons Utor and Trami), which occurred over the Western Pacific Ocean during Au- gust 2013, had a considerable impact on the vertical distribution of ozone and water vapour by uplifting marine air masses to altitudes of the ASM anticyclone.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Total Factor Productivity Growth In
    Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 54(3), 539-545; 2017 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/17.4156 http://www.pakjas.com.pk LODGING IN CORN VARIES WITH TILLAGE AND CROP ROTATION: A CASE STUDY AFTER TYPHOON BOLAVEN PUMMELING OVER THE BLACK SOIL ZEON IN NORTHEAST CHINA Aizhen Liang1,*, Zhengli Zhai2, Neil B. McLaughlin3, Xueming Yang4, Xiaoping Zhang1, Xuewen Chen1, Bingjie Sun1 and Yan Zhang1 1Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China; 2China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research; 3Ottawa Development and Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada; 4Harrow Development and Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Canada. *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Corn lodging can damage corn growth and reduce corn yield, and the degrees of corn yield loss could vary with corn species, soil conditions, agronomic practices as well as the degrees of external forces from strong wind or heavy rain. In August, 2012, Jilin province, China suffered from Typhoon Bolaven and large areas of corn lodged. However, in some no-tillage (NT) fields of this area corn lodging is much less serious than in other fields. We assumed that NT led to less serious lodging. We conducted this study on a long-term tillage trial which was seriously hit by Typhoon Bolaven. The experiment consists of NT, moldboard plow (MP), ridge tillage (RT) with continuous corn (CC), corn-soybean (CS), and corn-corn-soybean (CCS) rotations. The most serious lodging occurred in MP-CC treatment, followed by NT-CCS, NT-CC, NT-CS, MP-CS, and RT-CS.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Presentation
    Comparison of directional wave spectrum hindcast to the buoy data measured near the typhoon path TAERIM KIM and JAEHYUK LEE [email protected] Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea 1st International Workshop on Waves, Storm Surges and Coastal Hazard Liverpool, UK, 10-15, September 2017 Contents Background Wind data and wave model Wave directional spectrum analysis Comparison of model results Summary and next steps Background(1) 1. Typhoon Bolaven(1215)(TYB_category 3) generated record breaking waves and damaged several ports severely. The central pressure and maximum wind velocity reached up to 910h and 51.8 m/s, respectively. It is the most powerful typhoon which passed the Yellow Sea with casualties of 15 and property damages of over 700 million dollars. Typhoon Bolaven Path and Satellite Images Satellite Images(COMS) TYB Path NTC / KMA (National Typhoon Center / Korea Meteorological Administration) Typhoon Bolaven Wind & Wave IEODO Ocean Station data for 10 years. Hs =10.75 m Wind velocity= 35.42 m/sec 15 Ieodo ( 2006 ~ 2016 ) 2012/08/29 06:00 10 Hs : 10.75 m 5 Significant Wave (m) Height Significant 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year ( 2006 ~ 2016 ) 50 40 2012/08/27 19:00 35.42 m/s 30 20 Wind Speed (m/s) Speed Wind 10 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year ( 2006 ~ 2016 ) Damages by Typhoon Bolaven Damages by Typhoon Bolaven Damages by Typhoon Bolaven Storm Surge by Typhoon Bolaven ? Background(2) 1. Typhoon Bolaven(1215)(TYB_category 3) generated record breaking waves and damaged several ports severely.
    [Show full text]