Chemically Related Activity in Industry, Higher Education, Government, Learned Societies and Trade / Professional Associations, and Research Institutes in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela, and Other Selected Nations of America Latina A Draft Report Prepared by The American Chemical Society Office of International Activities March 15, 2001
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT Contents 1Forward...... 6 Critical Point Summary - Chemically Related Activities in Selected Countries of Latin America .....7 Chemically Related Academic / Industrial Relations–Summarized ACS Members in LA Survey Responses...... 9 Executive Summary...... 10 Purpose and Scope ...... 10 Regional Characteristics...... 10 The Chemical Industry...... 11 Higher Education ...... 11 Learned Societies and Trade / Professional Associations...... 12 Government...... 12 Research & Development ...... 12 Industry-University Relations and Other Collaborations Across Sectors...... 14 In A World of Collaborative Opportunity:The ACS and Chemically Related Science and Technology in Latin America ...... 15 Introduction...... 16 Methodology ...... 18 Latin America: In Brief ...... 19 Latin American Regional Economic History, Activities and Issues...... 19 Highlights...... 19 Trade Agreements in Latin America...... 20 Spanish Firms Revive Latin America Conquest ...... 22 Latin America and the Globalization Index...... 27 The Latin American Chemical Industry...... 28 Latin America And The Energy Sector...... 32 Latin America and Energy Consumption – in Millions of BTU’s...... 34 The Latin American Petrochemical Industry ...... 35 Petrochemical Production 1999 ...... 37 The Petrochemical Sector and MERCOSUR...... 38 The Agrochemical Market in Latin America...... 39 Retail Pharmaceutical Sales: Selected Counties in Latin America...... 40 Other Chemically related Latin American Regional Developments...... 43 Higher Education in Latin America...... 43 Latin America and Student / Scholar Exchange ...... 52 1998 / 1999...... 53 Foreign Scholars in the USA...... 53 US S&E Doctorates Awarded to Citizens of Latin America ...... 54 Science and Technology in Latin America ...... 55 Information Technology and Latin America...... 56 Internet Infrastructure...... 61 Research and Development in Latin America ...... 62 Coauthored and internationally coauthored scientific and technical articles for selected countries in Latin America...... 64 Chemically Related Research Networks in Latin America...... 64 Latin America and the Caribbean and US Foreign Development Assistance ...... 65 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors - Argentina ...... 77 National Overview – Argentina ...... 78
www.acs.org/international 2 US and Country Contacts - Argentina ...... 86 Chemically Related Company Case Studies – Argentina...... 95 Other Selected Chemical and Related Product Companies - Argentina...... 96 Higher Education - Argentina ...... 100 Highlights...... 101 Faculties of Chemical Sciences – Argentina...... 101 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies - Argentina...... 107 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Argentina...... 109 Chemically Related Research - Argentina ...... 110 Highlights...... 110 Research Centers – Argentina...... 110 ACS Member Characteristics – Argentina...... 120 Compiled ACS Member Questionnaire Results - Argentina ...... 121 Funding Organizations with Interests in Argentina ...... 127 For More Information on Argentina ...... 134 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors – Brazil ...... 136 National Overview - Brazil ...... 137 Chemically Related Trade and Industry in Brazil...... 157 Highlights...... 157 US Intl Trade with Brazil Overall and Chemicals and Related Products ...... 158 Leading Chemical Companies in Brazil ...... 160 Chemically Related Company Case Studies – Brazil ...... 161 Higher Education - Brazil ...... 165 Highlights...... 166 Faculties of Chemical Sciences- Brazil...... 170 Course/Year...... 175 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Brazil...... 183 Chemically Related Research – Brazil...... 184 Highlights...... 184 Research Centers - Brazil...... 184 ACS Member Characteristics – Brazil...... 195 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses – Brazil...... 197 Funding Organizations with Interests in Brazil ...... 208 For More Information on Brazil...... 215 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors - Chile...... 216 National Overview – Chile...... 217 U.S. and Country Contacts – Chile ...... 226 Chemically Related Industry and Trade – Chile...... 237 US Trade with Chile 1995 – 2000...... 237 Chemically Related Industry Case Studies – Chile...... 239 Key Trends in Higher Education - Chile...... 242 Chemical Science Faculties – Chile...... 243 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies – Chile...... 248 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Chile...... 250 Chemically Related Research Centers – Chile...... 251 ACS Member Characteristics – Chile...... 256 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses – Chile...... 257 Funding Organizations with Interests in Chile...... 260 For More Information on Chile...... 265 www.acs.org/international 3 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors - Mexico...... 267 National Overview – Mexico...... 268 U.S. and Country Contacts – Mexico...... 276 Chemically Related Trade and Industry – Mexico ...... 283 Highlights...... 283 Brief History of the Mexican Chemical Industry...... 284 OPERATION AND EFFECT OF THE NAFTA CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS285 The Maquiladora Industry in Mexico: The Case of Tijuana...... 288 Third Environmental Roundtable - US Mexico Border...... 289 US Trade with Mexico 95-00 in $’000 ...... 292 Chemical Industries in Mexico By Type and Employment By Size, 1993 ...... 293 Geographical Concentration of Chemical Industries in Mexico...... 293 Petrochemicals ...... 293 Chemically Related Industry Company Case Studies - Mexico ...... 295 Higher Education / Industrial Linkages - Mexico...... 308 Higher Education – Mexico ...... 333 Highlights...... 335 Mexican Students in the USA...... 336 Faculties of Chemical Sciences – Mexico ...... 338 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies - Mexico...... 373 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Mexico ...... 376 Chemically Related Research – Mexico ...... 378 Highlights...... 378 Research Centers – Mexico...... 378 ACS Members Characteristics – Mexico...... 386 ACS Members Informant Interviews – Mexico...... 387 Meetings in Mexico October 16-21, 1999 ...... 387 Meetings with ACS Members 1-2 December 1999 ...... 389 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses – Mexico ...... 390 Funding Organizations with Interests in Mexico...... 401 For More Information on Mexico ...... 408 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors – Venezuela ...... 410 National Overview – Venezuela ...... 411 U.S. and Country Contacts – Venezuela...... 420 Chemically Related Trade and Industry – Venezuela...... 433 Chemically Related Industry Company Case Studies – Venezuela...... 435 Other Selected Chemical and Related Product Companies – Venezuela ...... 436 Higher Education – Venezuela...... 464 Highlights...... 465 Faculties of Chemcial Sciences – Venezuela...... 466 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies – Venezuela ...... 471 Asociación Venezolana de la Industria Química y Petroquímica...... 471 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Venezuela...... 472 ACS Member Characteristics – Venezuela...... 476 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses– Venezuela...... 477 Funding Organizations with Interests in Venezuela ...... 481 For More Information on Venezuela...... 488 Chemically Related Affairs in Other Countries of Latin America...... 490 Colombia...... 490
www.acs.org/international 4 Cuba ...... 493 Ecuador ...... 533 Peru ...... 534 Peru ...... 534 Uruguay...... 543 Conclusion ...... 544 The ACS Latin American Collaboration Matrix...... 544 External Funding and Other Agencies with Interests in Latin America ...... 546 Governmental and multilateral agencies with interests in Latin America...... 546 Private Philanthropic Organizations with Interests in Latin America ...... 550 Organizations Funding R&D Collaboration ...... 579 Puerto Rico Report Summary ...... 582 ACS International Activities in A World of Collaborative Opportunity ...... 585 Key Indicators ...... 585 Evaluating Impacts of ACS Activity in Latin America ...... 589 Appendices...... 590 ACS Surveys ...... 590 AMERICAN CHEMICAL FIRMS OPERATING IN LATIN AMERICA ...... 604 DIRECTORY OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY FACULTIES IN AMÉRICA LATINA ...... 619
www.acs.org/international 5 Forward Chemical enterprise which successfully contributes to the economic development of a nation is not simply an accident of natural resource endowment. Rather it requires a sustained, concerted and cooperative effort on the part of industry, academia, government and professional societies to shape policy and practice creating a national climate of innovation and opportunity supported by education and training, infrastructure, technology, investment, trade, and R&D.
With the newly arrived millennium, in Latin America and particularly in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela we are witnessing a remarkable growth and coalescence of chemical market forces, manufacturing capabilities, research-trained and highly educated human resource, and world-class technology enabling the region to compete robustly in a globalized marketplace.
This briefing document provides an overview and the beginnings of an analysis of the landscape, stakeholders and factors shaping the fortunes of chemistry and chemical enterprise in the Latin American region. It systematically brings together new and existing information from multiple sectors associated with chemistry and provides a forum to hear directly from the region’s ACS membership and their collective voice identifying the challenges there and how these challenges might best be met through collaboration among industry, higher education, government, and professional societies throughout Latin America.
Through a compilation of selected print and electronic resources, an analysis of the characteristics of the region’s ACS membership, the results from a 1999 survey, and the texts of informant interviews with ACS members, this brief culminates in a summary of intersector collaboration activities and models and offers a set of key indicators to help determine strategies for transnational collaboration.
Ultimately it is our hope that this document will inform the discussion of ACS governance and provide a roadmap on how to best organize the Society’s international exchange endeavors to catalyze and strengthen local chemical industry, to support chemical research, and to promote the on-going renewal of chemically related higher education in the region.
www.acs.org/international 6 Critical Point Summary - Chemically Related Activities in Selected Countries of Latin America American Chemical Society International Activities Committee Prepared by Bradley Miller, ACS Office of International Activities 14 February, 2001
Introduction In July 1999 the ACS Office of International Activities initiated a study of chemically related activities across sectors (academia, industry, government, professional associations / societies) in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela. The purpose of the study was to help inform ACS discussions on engaging Latin America and developing programs and partnerships which promote the region’s economic development through the chemical enterprise. The following report summary constitutes a general extraction of salient features of the study.
Background In Latin America - and particularly in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela - the last decade has borne witness to a remarkable growth and coalescence of chemical market forces, augmented manufacturing capabilities, new product development, a research-trained and highly skilled work force, and the penetration of world-class technology. The region now constitutes a globalized marketplace of almost ½ billion people – a marketplace which is attracting, retaining and growing chemical R&D capacities and the chemical enterprise in response to international trade agreements and the growth and sophistication of consumer demand for chemicals and their allied products.
Methodology From July 1999 to present, data for the report have been drawn and analyzed from chemical and allied product industry literature reviews, ACS LA-based member survey responses and informant interviews, and conference proceedings.
Selected Key Observations and Findings from ACS/IAO Latin America Study ♦ Industries associated with extraction, production, manufacture, and characterization of chemical and allied products tend to purchase mature, licensed or patented foreign technology. ♦ Industrial R&D is typically focused on process improvement, environmental impact and quality control. ♦ The production, supply, demand and utilization of chemistry based personnel favors technician level over advanced scientists, driven in part by industry focus on equipment / instrumentation use, production and production processes, quality control and delivery of products. ♦ There is a need to better define, document, assess, identify barriers to and ‘promote the success stories’ of academic research contributions to and academic linkages with industry. ♦ There are opportunities for greater interchange between the financial services sector and small / moderate sized chemical enterprise, especially in the arena of best practices / tools for debt and equity financing, from local and foreign sources. ♦ There is a trend toward growth and improvement in academic chemistry and chemical R&D in private higher education institutions. ♦ In academic and industrial R&D, there is greater exchange of information via the Internet and growth in transnational (especially US – LA) co-authoring of scientific articles. ♦ National chemical societies tend to be narrowly defined in mission, scope, membership and resource availability, and favor academic and pure chemistry interests.
www.acs.org/international 7 ♦ There is an opportunity to assist governments (and chemically related regulatory agencies) in the development of policies addressing natural products, bioprospecting, waste management and environmental monitoring / remediation, especially in the sharing of standards development and best practices. ♦ Foreign firms operating in country tend to channel R&D decisions and activities to the home country headquarters.
www.acs.org/international 8 Chemically Related Academic / Industrial Relations–Summarized ACS Members in LA Survey Responses Country Linkage Activities Accelerating Hindering Factors Promising Sectors / Factors Activities Argentina consulting, contract industry knowledge differences in developing incubator research, quality of univ capacities; perception of programs; food production; control, env univ knowledge of turnaround time; pharma chem; env chem; monitoring industry problems; pressure on acad petrochem; biotech; quality familiarizing researchers to control exchange visits; univ publish; small and promotes moderate sized collaboration enterprise not interested in collaboration – few Ph.D’s; industry employs chemists at the level of technicians; univ red tape; industry wants free service Brazil basic research, existing lack of success food processing; env chem; student visits, relationships and a stories; univ red med chem; promote outside contract res, env history of tape; industry investment for small and monitoring, quality interchange; faculty operates short-term moderate sized enterprise; control, consulting with two hats; on- and univ long-term; new product going meetings; faculty too academic characterization; info on promote competitive in origin; history of how to prep industry / univ advantage and cost gov’t funding of collaboration contracts effectiveness of R&D; univ interest collaboration; in real world problems; work in industry not suited to pub; issues of ownership Chile consulting, quality small well-defined univ red tape; lack provide info on intellectual control initial projects to est of knowledge of property and tech transfer mutual knowledge needs and capacities; issues and best practices; and trust; show poor univ biotech; nat prod chem; success stories; more infrastructure mining; forest products; Ph.D’s in industry computational chem Mexico consulting, basic univ understands availability of promote Mexican lab research, student industry needs; chem’s and tech services to US industry for visits, contract collaboration support for routine chem analyses / research, faculty projects relevant to instruments; project syntheses; info seminars on visits, quality both parties; univ instability – industry best practices of control, env faculty / students withdraws funding; collaboration; provide info monitoring present their univ red tape; lack on best practices of faculty research at conf of promotion of acad recognition for service where industry in success stories to industry; new prod chem; attendance; univ polymer chem; petrochem; need to promote waste treatment services / pricing Venezuela basic research, regular contact / lack of interest in petrochem formulations; contract research workshops involving industry in dev of water treatment; catalysis; univ / industry local tech med chem; personnel; capabilities; connecting univ production vs new resources with product focus industry need www.acs.org/international 9 Executive Summary Drawn from literature reviews, survey results and informant interviews, this research brief brings together information on five key chemically related sectors in Latin America: the chemical industry, higher education, learned societies and trade / professional associations, government, and research and development.
Purpose and Scope The principal aims of this brief are to provide a basis for informed governance discussion and to function as a roadmap in preparation for follow up as the ACS considers how to best organize itself for activity related to Latin America, activity providing effective and timely service to its membership – those with industrial and academic chemical interests - and activity promoting regional economic development through the chemical enterprise. Five countries constitute the largest segment of chemical activity for the region. The majority of this report covers Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela, but chemically related information on other countries in the region is also being accessioned.
Regional Characteristics Latin America is a region of over 474 million people with 74% living in cities or towns. The region’s total market to the US is US$380 billion annually. Latin America is second in major oil reserves worldwide. Today, one in five goods exported by the United States goes to Latin America, just below efforts with with Europe and Canada. Over the last five years, total U.S. exports have grown by 45 percent, while total U.S. exports to Latin America have grown at nearly twice that rate (81%). It is projected that by 2010, United States trade with Latin America will surpass trade with Europe and Japan combined. U.S. direct investment in Latin America has risen from over $17 billion to $23 billion over the last four years. Latin America has been negatively impacted economically by El Niño, the East Asian and Russian financial crises, and the devaluation of the Brazilian Real (Brazil accounts for approximately 40% of the entire output of the region). Latin America has the world’s most dramatic polarity of wealth: 55% of the region’s earnings are controlled by the top 5% of the population.
Mexico – pop: 95.8m; lit rate: 89.6%; GDP: 372b; income per person: $3,680
Venezuela – pop: 22m; lit rate: 91%; GDP: 83b; income per person: $3,450
Brazil – pop: 165m; lit rate: 83%; GDP: 800b; income per person: $4,720
Chile – pop: 15m; lit rate: 95%; GDP: 78b; income per person: $5,020 Argentina – pop: 36m; lit rate: 96%; GDP: 320b; income per person: $8,570 www.acs.org/international 10 The Chemical Industry The chemical industry is a significant sector throughout Latin America, with the region’s large quantities of natural resources, such as oil and gas, providing feedstocks for the petrochemical sector. In terms of world chemical demand Latin America constituted 6% in 1996 with growth to 7% in 2010). Output was 5% in 1996 and will total a projected 6% in 2010. In the countries mentioned above, the full range of basic, intermediate and finished chemical products in 1996 accounted for over US$35 billion in exports from the USA and US$30 billion in chemically related imports. In 1998, Latin America accounted for 13% of the US direct investment abroad position in the chemical industry. In the chemical industry sector, there are over 7,200 chemical and related product companies in operation in the countries covered in this brief. Despite key issues of regional economic instability (inflation and devaluation), strong government controls including trade / investment barriers, slow or stalled privatization efforts / limited foreign equity participation, and political uncertainties, those familiar with the chemical market seem to agree that Latin American demand for medicinal / pharmaceutical products, agrochemicals and basic chemical products such as plastics will post continuous growth over the next ten years. As this demand for chemicals and allied products materializes, it is important to consider the role technology plays: the total global e-commerce market is expected to reach $1.2 trillion by 2001 and by 2003 $180 billion and $45 billion in Internet-based sales of petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, respectively, are projected. In relation to the US and selected Latin American countries, the table below summarizes product categories, dominant national output, exports and imports (in 1996 US$ billions).
MIN ORG IN-ORG DYES, & MED / ESS FERTI- PLAS- PLAS- CHEMS FUELS CHEMS CHEMS COLOR- PHARM OILS & LIZERS TICS IN TICS IN NES ING PROD’S PER- PRI- NON- FUME MARY PRI- FORM MARY FORM Petrol / Hydro- Chlorine, Paints, Vitamins, Cos- Nitro- Poly- Tubes, Pesti- Bitum Carbons, Acids, Pigments Anti- metics, genous, ethlyne, Pipes cides, Oils Alcolols, Metalic Varnishes biotics, Toilet Phos- PVC, Hoses, Starches, Phenols Salts Hor- Preps, phatic & Poly- Plates, Ad- mones Soaps Other styrenes, Sheets, hesives, Vet Chem / Plastic Films, Ex- Prep’s Min Resins Etc. plosives Fertilizers Fuel Ad- ditives BR, MX, AR, BR, AR, BR, AR, BR, AR, BR, MX AR, BR, BR, CL, BR, MX AR, BR, VZ CL, MX, CL, MX MX MX CL MX VZ CL, MX, VZ VZ Exports US$3.0 US$1.2 US$.575 US$.695 US$.706 US$.402 US$1.5 US$.367 US$.932 $US26.1 Imports US$6.2 US$1.4 US$1.4 US$2.3 US$.980 US$2.0 US$3.6 US$1.7 US$1.8 US$10.5
Higher Education Higher education in Latin America, and notably in the countries covered in this report, is facing challenges associated with growing enrollments, policy initiatives toward lifelong learning, importation of US-based higher education structures, quality assurance, competition brought on by increased numbers of private institutions and courses/programs offered through distance provision, higher costs of operating and maintaining physical plants and laboratories, access to science education (all levels and especially for women) and student unrest. This study reports a considerable number of chemical sciences programs (including significant numbers of chemical engineering programs) with 200 faculties of chemical sciences offering over 564 degrees, mostly at the undergraduate level with enrollments the last decade seeing a slight increase for the region as a whole.
www.acs.org/international 11 Country Pop. National No. of No. of Annual Annual (millions) Higher Ed Higher Inst’s with NationalC NationalC Enroll- Ed Inst’s Chem hem hem ment Public / Sciences Sciences Sciences Private Degrees FTE – FTE – Est. Low Est. High AR 36 1,069,616 48 24 21,392 42,784 BR 165 1,716,263 75 23 34,325 68,650 CL 15 367,094 27 10 7,341 14,683 MX 96 1,532,846 117 77 30,656 61,313 VE 22 550,783 25 5 11,015 22,031
Learned Societies and Trade / Professional Associations In addition to the 18 academies dedicated to exact, physical and natural sciences reported here, there are over 44 different chemically related trade associations and professional societies. The former tend to have a pure science orientation; the latter are active in varying degrees in the promotion of local manufacturing of chemical substances, in certifying the competence of practitioners, in initiating and promoting programs of Responsible Care, in publishing, in convening annual meetings, and in representing the interests of membership in affairs of regional and international trade. There are multiple chemical societies in each country representing a range of chemist interest. The ‘national’ chemical societies tend to be dominated by academic interests, and there appear to be opportunities for greater participation of women chemists in society governance.
Government Government agencies with chemically related interests focus on issues of regulation development and enforcement (especially environmental monitoring and remediation – to some extent borrowed from regulations developed in the USA) export / import policies for chemical products, R&D financing, standards, bilateral / multilateral agreements, fellowships and scholarships, and industry-university collaboration. Science and technology priority areas for support include chemistry, biotechnology, materials science, industrial technology, instrumentation and S&T information.
Research & Development For 1998 UNESCO reported that only 10%-15% of universities in Latin America have real capacity to carry out R&D, but that the availability of instruments, equipment and facilities has increased significantly in recent years. We believe this to be especially true in the countries covered in this report. Chemistry in the Latin American region accounts for 15% of all basic research, coming after biology and before physics (10%). The five countries constituting this report make up 90% of all chemical publications from the region. Bibliographic indices for chemistry in Latin America attribute to the region no more than 1.8% of all scientific research; a few strictly Latin American publications are in circulation, among the most prominent from the region are Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química and Boletín da SBQ (Brazil). Useful research contributions have been made in recent years in phytochemistry, with a strong emphasis on the search by major international laboratories for pharmaceutical products. Another area where Latin American R&D has made considerable contribution is in advanced chemistry in catalysis and petrochemical processes specifically through the work of institutes affiliated with the petroleum industries in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela. There is a growing Internet usage and infrastructure among researchers in the region: there will be over 24.3 million Internet users in Latin www.acs.org/international 12 America by 2003; currently there are 5.7 Internet hosts for every 10,000 people; and 25.9 personal computers per 1,000 people for the countries covered in this study. Many of the multinational chemical companies operating in Latin America tend to conduct their R&D outside the region in more industrially advanced countries. Observation from the region has also been made that “researchers’ academic records can take second place to their political commitment to the dominant political forces, and thus, research activities have been plagued by insufficient funding and disruptive political instabilities.” Following is a breakdown of R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
1996 R&D Exp
2.5 %
2 of R&D Expenditure As Percentage of GDP
G 1.5 D P 1996 R&D Exp
1
0.5
0
USA Brazil Cuba Chile Mexico Panama Uruguay Colombia Argentina Venezuela El Salvador Nicaragua
www.acs.org/international 13 ACS Membership and Client Groups
In the countries covered in this briefing there is robust presence of ACS customers and members, and for the latter, considerable variation in their ACS division affiliations.
ACS Members in Latin America Interest Areas
ACS Divisions
Physical Agriculture and Food 5% Agriculture and Food Analytical 6% Analytical 8% Biochemistry Polymers/Plastics Biotechnology 9% Biochemistry Chemical Education 7% Pharmaceutical/Med Colloids and Surfaces 9% Biotechnology Computing/Molecular Modeling 5% Energy/Fuels Chemical Education Environmental 3% Inorganic Colloids and Surfaces 3% Marketing/Sales/Business Organic Materials 24% Computing/Molecular Modeling Organic 2% Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Materials Polymers/Plastics 3% Energy/Fuels 2% Physical Marketing/Sales/Bus Environmental 3% Inorganic 7% 4%
Total Full ACS Industry / M F Ed ACS ACS Members & Academic Attainment Member Custo- Avg Distrib D M B Median mers Membership Birth Year Duration AR 352 113 / 11yrs 22% 76% 87 26 70 12 5 1945 BR 855 131 / 12 yrs 26% 73% 109 22 78 15 8 1951 CL 170 36 / 8 yrs 18% 82% 32 4 22 4 6 1948 MX 868 219 / 10 yrs 32% 68% 179 40 96 32 37 1953 VE 124 30 / 14 yrs 42% 58% 24 6 14 5 6 1948 Totals 2369 529 / 11 yrs 431 98 280 68 62
Industry-University Relations and Other Collaborations Across Sectors Collaboration activities most prominently include basic research, consulting, contract research, quality control, course delivery, student / faculty visits. In terms of the specific areas of chemical enterprise, the following industries hold the most promise for advancing industry-university relations: environmental monitoring and remediation, industrial chemical waste minimization and reuse, fine chemical production, food chemistry, energy, polymers, natural products, and collaboration in policy formulation.
www.acs.org/international 14 In A World of Collaborative Opportunity:The ACS and Chemically Related Science and Technology in Latin America
To enhance ACS relations and collaboration across chemically related sectors in Latin America our activities can:
♦ involve aspects of local need, expertise and infrastructure; ♦ coincide with the interests of ACS and its cognate organizations in country; ♦ contribute to economic development; ♦ be global in scope and information-based; ♦ encourage technological innovation; ♦ break down barriers to access; ♦ involve small and medium-sized industrial enterprise, ♦ be flexible.
Attractive areas likely to be applicable and relevant to problems and issues in Latin America include:
1. the opportunity to invest, develop policies and train human resource in environmentally-benign processes and products as capital investments are made in Latin America,; 2. natural products chemistry and characterization of new compounds and their routes to production; 3. environmental monitoring and remediation, including industrial chemical waste minimization and reuse; 4. advanced chemistry in catalysis and petrochemical processes; 5. chemical aspects of health (including sanitation) and agriculture (including GM crops).
www.acs.org/international 15 Introduction “In this age of knowledge-based industries, the globalization of the economy, and the importance of multinational companies, the availability of a quality work force becomes one of the driving forces which determines where capital expenditures are optimally made and where research and development activities are located. One major component of a quality work force is the group of chemically-based professionals produced by our colleges and universities which presently make up 50% of the industrial research and development personnel in the USA. The distribution of this particular work force is pervasive. The intellectual engines provided by chemically training individuals are behind such diverse activities as semi- conductor processing and biotechnology. The concentration of such personnel in the chemical process industry, performance chemicals, and pharmaceutical research is well known. The availability of quality graduates in the chemical sciences and the related areas of biochemistry, biophysics and material sciences will therefore have a major impact on where companies will locate their R&D facilities and where their advance development and early production will be done. For US-based multinational chemical process companies to remain competitive (and as the engines of economic growth for the USA well into the next century), we will increasingly witness greater mobility of chemists and chemical processes across national borders.” Professor Mary Good, International Activities Committee Chair
Latin America affords remarkable opportunity for the transnational production and delivery of chemical products, processing regimes and services. This fact is all the more compelling with recent announcements of companies commiting billions in capital investment to the region. As these transnational activities accelerate in Latin America, there will be added demand for local availability of quality professionals from the chemical sciences tradition. Outreach to Latin America also benefits the Society and its membership in a number of ways. The benefits to the ACS of developing linkages within chemically related industry, higher education and professional associations in Latin America are as follows.
• Advance the ACS mission and the profession and industry it serves worldwide; • Facilitate the exchange of ideas and expertise among members and chemical professionals on a global level; • Explore and develop new markets for domestic members; • Enable members to compete effectively in the global marketplace; • Build and strengthen relationships with counterpart organizations in Latin America.; • Help domestic membership and staff succeed in a cross-cultural workplace and develop an "international mindset" – also in the partner country with the partner organization; • Maintain the competitive edge with societies and associations that represent similar industries or professions to ACS and have already gone international (UK RSC); • Gain industry intelligence from strategic alliances, partnerships and non-U.S. memberships; • Become the industry’s/profession’s global resource center; • Further educate the Society’s volunteer leadership and membership in general on Latin American trends and issues and develop access to various international services; • Enhance science policy and scientific literacy overseas.
The America Chemical Society recognizes that demand in Latin American cannot be filled with US highly skilled expatriate or U.S.-trained foreign chemists alone. Development of a local pool of quality- trained chemically based professionals will have a greater likelihood of success with cooperative effort between, within and among local allied chemical industry, higher education and professional societies.
www.acs.org/international 16 This research brief brings together preliminary information on key, chemically related sectors in Latin America. The purpose of this endeavor is to provide a basis for informed discussion on ways ACS can best organize itself for activity related to Latin America, activity providing effective and timely service to its membership – those with industrial and academic chemical interests as well the Society’s role in promoting regional economic development through chemical enterprise. Trade statistics indicate that five countries constitute the largest segment of the chemically related activity for the continent. The scope of this report covers those countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela. Narrative describing the chemical enterprise in other countries are also being accessioned to this report.
www.acs.org/international 17 Methodology
AR BR CL MX VZ
Literature Review
GOV’T HIGHER INDUSTRY EDUCATION
ASSN’S & RES SOCIETIES CTRS
SURVEYS, FOCUS GROUPS, AND INFORMANT INTERVIEWS
ANALYSIS OF ACS EXCHANGE AND COLLABORATIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA
www.acs.org/international 18 Latin America: In Brief Latin American Regional Economic History, Activities and Issues (Sources: http://www.latinvestor.com/economy.htm; http://www.tradeport.org/ts/countries/index.html; http://www.info.usaid.gov/economic_growth/trdweb/lac.htm)
The Latin America Region includes:
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Highlights
Latin American countries and their contribution to the region’s GNP : Argentina 10,10% Mexico 21,40% Brazil 38,20% Paraguay 0,80% Chile 4,50% Peru 3,40% Colombia 5,40% Uruguay 1,00% Ecuador 1,50% Venezuela 7,80%
For the region : population = 474 million ; GNP = 1.050 million ; GDP per capita = US$ 3.000; Exports = US$ 200 billion ; Imports = US$ 180 billion.
World Bank lending to Latin America and the Caribbean set a new record reaching over $7.7 billion in fiscal year 1999, according to the international financial institution's annual report, made public today. The Latin America and Caribbean region accounted for an all-time high of 27 percent of the Bank's total worldwide loan commitments of $28.9 billion, up from 21 percent in 1998. Lending to assist Brazil and Argentina in their response to the effects of the Asian crisis and Russian debt moratorium, and support to rebuild Central America after Hurricane Mitch accounted for much of the increase.
Latin America is second in major oil reserves worldwide. during the last decade the reserve growth rate has been around 4% per year and the annual production growth rate has been 3.4%, nearly three times the worldwide average. the region has 79 refineries with a total refining capacity of 6.96 MMbpd; this refining capacity is 9% of the worldwide total. According to estimates of the World Bank, the Latin American oil sector requires investments of more than US$ 180 billion between 1995 and 2010.
Of all the regions in the developing world, Latin America is the most urbanized in the closing years of the 20th Century. In 1997, 74% of the population of this region lived in towns and cities. Much of this shift has occurred in the last few decades. Since 1980, the proportion of the population residing in Latin American towns and cities increased from 65% to 74%. The Region added 135 million people to its urban population during this 17-year period. In Latin America one-half of the urban population - or 135 million people - live in only 20 large cities.
www.acs.org/international 19 Trade Agreements in Latin America A major challenge to the region is the ability to open its markets to promote competition . In this way the following are the Free Trade Regional Agreements in place : (a) NAFTA : USA and Mexico (b) Andean Pact : Venezuela , Colombia , Peru , Chile and Bolivia (c) MERCOSUR: Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay and Uruguay .
Regional integration is not a new phenomenon in Latin America. The Latin America Free Trade Association (LAFTA) was created in 1960 with the aim of eliminating trade barriers in the region over a period of 12 years. The main driving force of LAFTA was the idea that the integration process could foster the import substitution model of industrialization through greater economies of scale associated with the enlargement of market size. In 1980, LAFTA was replaced by the Latin America Integration Association (LAIA), created by the Treaty of Montevideo. The guiding principle of this association, which was different from that of LAFTA, was to stimulate preferential tariff agreements among its members.
At about the same time, Argentina and Brazil began to improve their diplomatic relations which had previously been characterized by disputes around border questions. Better diplomatic relations were not, however, immediately translated into economic integration. The debt crisis of 1982 led Brazil to raise trade barriers and to devalue its currency. The middle of the eighties marked the beginning of the return to democracy in Argentina and Brazil. This political development paved the way for the trade agreements. In 1986, the first agreement, PICE (Program for Integration and Economic Cooperation), was signed. This initiative was taken by the two governments and was apparently not motivated by demands of the private sectors nor the significant reduction of intra-regional trade that took place in the beginning of the 1980s. Two years after the signature of the PICE agreement and when concrete results were still to be achieved, Argentina and Brazil signed a new treaty aimed at creating a common market. This initiative was driven by factors such as perception that regional trade agreements would become pervasive worldwide; that developed countries were not interested in integration with Latin America; and that the outcome of the Uruguay Round would be far below the expectations of the two countries. Another contributing element was the unilateral liberalization that was underway in each country at the time; a process in which Argentina was perceived to be moving ahead of Brazil.
The Governments of Argentina and Brazil both decided that the common market should begin in 1995. The Treaty of Asunción, signed in March of 1991, created the Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR or Common Market of the South), which is a customs union between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay by the year 2006. Chile and Bolivia became Associate MERCOSUR members in 1996, joining the FTA but not the CET or the planned common market. MERCOSUR in Spanish or MERCOSUL in Portuguese are the acronyms for the Southern Common Market that unites Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, plus Chile and Bolivia as Associate Members, in the world’s fourth largest economic area. It is a large, rapidly growing market in the midst of one of the world’s most dynamic regions. Markets in this hemisphere have been the leading source of U.S. export growth in 5 of the last 6 years. It is one of the few regions in the world where the United States maintains a favorable trade balance.
20 MERCOSUR was created under the GATT and is an integral part of the process of trade liberalisation occurring amongst the four countries. The agreement aims at establishing a single market among these nations, based on the free movement of goods and services; the establishment of common external tariffs and trade policies; the co-ordination of macroeconomic and sectoral policies; and the harmonisation of legislation to strengthen the process of economic integration.
MERCOSUR is one of the largest and most dynamic integrated markets in the developing world, and close cooperation between Brazil and Argentina--historic competitors--is key to MERCOSUR's impressive growth. Argentina accounts for about 27 percent of MERCOSUR GDP; Brazil's share exceeds 70 percent. MERCOSUR countries have preferential trade arrangements with each other and have an average trade-weighted external tariff of 17 percent. Eighty-five percent of goods are included in MERCOSUR's common external tariff, with the balance to be phased into the common external tariff by 2006.
The Paris-based Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, which forecast a moderate return to economic growth next year and an acceleration in 2001 for Latin America, said a worsening of disagreements within MERCOSUR could put a strain on the economic health of the region.
``Failure to pass the fiscal reforms necessary to make public finances sustainable, an aggravation of trade conflicts within MERCOSUR, a negative reaction of financial markets to rising U.S. interest rates or a prolonged recession in neighbouring South American countries are all sources of considerable downside risk,'' the OECD report stated.
The OECD has forecasted Brazil's gross domestic product (GDP) will grow 3 percent in 2000 and 3.8 percent in 2001. Argentine growth was seen at 2.5 percent in 2000 and 3.5 percent in 2001.
One way to ensure there is no repeat of this year's foreign exchange strain on trade is through closer macroeconomic policy coordination, Lavagna said.
The member nations of MERCOSUR agreed in June to try to harmonise their economic policies along the lines of the European Union's landmark Maastricht treaty, which set joint limits for indicators including public debt as a proportion of GDP and inflation.
``Brazil's public debt is a bit more than 50 percent of GDP and Argentina's is around 40 percent, so the differences aren't that great,'' Lavagna said. Finally, while markets like the NYSE and NASDAQ are thriving, their counterparts in Latin America are struggling to survive with region- wide plunges in trading volume. From July 1997 to July 1999, the average daily trading volume fell by 75% in Sao Paulo, Brazil; 48% in Mexico City; 69% in Lima, Peru; 37% in Buenos Aires, Argentina and 74% in Bogota, Colombia. Many Latin America companies are leaving their home exchanges and beginning to trade in the USA due to the availability of American depository receipts, securities representing shares of foreign stocks that can be traded or used to raise capital in the USA.
21 Spanish Firms Revive Latin America Conquest By Anthony Faiola Washington Post Foreign Service Monday, February 14, 2000; Page A01
SANTIAGO, Chile—Half a millennium ago, Spanish conquistadors swept across a great southern swath of the New World, plundering, colonizing and fattening royal coffers with native gold. Now, more than 100 years after the last of their rebellious colonies won independence, Spain is back in Latin America--doing with mergers and acquisitions what it once did with swords and gunpowder.
To understand the depth of what's been dubbed the reconquista--or reconquest--of Latin America, look no further than Humberto Illanes' monthly bills. Spanish companies, including some still partially owned by the Spanish government, now own Chile's largest telephone company, power company and waterworks. In addition, Spanish banks control roughly 40 percent of the Chilean market.
"Every time I turn on the lights, make a phone call, cash a check or drink a glass of water, I'm putting money into pockets in Madrid," complained the head of the union at Banco Santiago, which was taken over last year by a Spanish financial group. "It's as if we're a colony again, paying taxes to the Spanish crown."
Spain, which only 20 years ago was a minor economic presence in the region, is now second to the United States in annual investment and is challenging the United States for regional influence for the first time since the Spanish-American War in 1898. In 1998, the last year complete statistics are available from both governments, U.S. investment across Latin America totaled $14.3 billion, while Spanish investment was $11.3 billion. Last year, Spaniards plunked down almost $20 billion, according to Spanish government estimates.
But the reconquest, analysts say, is far more than economic. It underscores the renewal of cultural and political bonds between Latin America and its colonial master. Despite growing resentment like that of Illanes, much of the region has embraced what Spain has been careful to cast as a new golden era of mutual exchange rather than the birth of a new economic empire.
Take, for example, the hot film "All About My Mother" that is generating Oscar buzz: It pairs Spain's best-known director, Pedro Almodovar, with one of Argentina's top actresses, Cecilia Roth. And as King Juan Carlos and other members of the Spanish royal family periodically touch down in the region on official visits, so Colombian rocker Shakira is holding court as the toast of teens in Madrid and Barcelona.
Spain Resurgent Spain is also extending a promise that its own model transition to democracy from the dictatorship of Francisco Franco can become a guide for its former colonies, now charting a similar course after the downfall of unelected regimes in all countries in the region
22 except Cuba. Implicit in that suggestion is a promise that Latin America will also emerge from the shadow of the United States.
Only by "reinforcing [and] consolidating the Ibero-American community of nations [through] our shared languages and cultures, and with our firm conviction in genuine democracy . . . can our peoples successfully face up to the challenges of the 21st century," Juan Carlos said on a recent visit to Cuba for an Iberian-American summit meeting.
For the United States, Spain has reemerged as a challenge to the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine, the principle of U.S. foreign policy that claimed the region as a sphere of exclusive American influence.
As Spain's economic might has grown here, so has its political voice--and some of its positions are polar opposites of Washington's. The decision to hold the Iberian-American summit in Havana, for example, highlighted widespread opposition shared by Spain and many Latin American governments to the U.S. embargo against Fidel Castro's Cuba. Spanish companies have helped lead investment in Cuba throughout the 1990s, providing the island with desperately needed hard currency.
"Spain understands Latin America in a way that no other country outside of Latin America possibly could," said Carlos Gasco, cabinet chief of Spain's Economy Ministry in Madrid. "We have used that to our advantage to build what we see as a long-term economic connection that is only going to keep binding us closer to Latin America."
Even in giant Brazil, which as a former Portuguese colony differs in language and culture from its neighbors, Spain is gaining economic importance. Spanish investment in Brazil's economy, the largest in Latin America, soared from $112 million in 1996 to $6 billion in 1998. Telefonica de Espana became one of the largest players in the privatization of Brazil's national telephone monopoly--winning the bid to buy Telesp, the local phone company for Sao Paulo, the world's third-largest city. The Spanish company now operates one of every four phone lines across Latin America.
But in a region where the historical image of colonial Spain is only marginally better than that of a bullying Uncle Sam, the new bonds are creating a measure of friction. Nowhere is that more evident than in Chile, a country of 15 million where massive Spanish investment--symbolized by the futuristic Telefonica tower, the tallest skyscraper in Santiago--has mixed with Madrid's "meddling" into domestic politics.
Indeed, Spanish judge Baltasar Garzon's crusade to put Chile's aged former dictator, Gen. Augusto Pinochet, on trial in Madrid for crimes committed during his 17 years in power has fanned Chilean nationalism. Then-President Eduardo Frei boycotted the Iberian-American summit last year, and leading Chilean businessmen and right-wing politicians have called for Santiago to break diplomatic ties with Madrid. Incoming Spanish executives have been met with the cold shoulder--one was even denied membership in an exclusive Santiago country club because he is Spanish.
23 "What gives the Spaniards the moral authority to be our judges and masters?" said Cristian Labbe, a Pinochet supporter and mayor of Providencia, an affluent neighborhood in Greater Santiago. The Spanish Embassy in Chile is located in his bustling urban center, and Labbe lashed out the only way he could: temporarily suspending the embassy's trash pickup. "The last time I checked the history books, Latin America had won its independence from Spain. But you wouldn't know it from their haughty actions," he said.
The cultural memory of the ruthless Spanish conquest of Latin America dies hard. Conquistadors fanned out over the New World in the early 16th century, driven by a lust for gold. They found it in abundance, especially in what are now Mexico and Peru, where Hernan Cortes decimated the Aztecs and Francisco Pizarro did the same to the mighty Incas. The Spanish campaign would end in the annihilation of millions of indigenous people and leave their descendants on the margins of society.
"Especially now that they've come back, the Spanish should be made to make reparations for the slaughter and robbery committed by them and their descendants," said Maria Catrileo Airemilla, a leader of Chile's Mapuche Indians, who successfully resisted the conquistadors, but nevertheless endured loss of life, land and culture during the conquest and afterward.
In the first decades of the 1800s, the great Latin America liberators led drives for independence from Spain. Although the descendants of wealthy Spanish families went on to become Latin America's aristocracy, emotional bonds to the motherland gradually eroded--especially in countries such as Argentina, which experienced massive immigration from other European nations, and Mexico and Peru, where racially mixed populations are now predominant.
Spain's reemergence as a power in the region dates to 1986, when it gained entry to the European Union. A decade after the end of Franco's dictatorship, Spain shed its image as Europe's rube cousin as financial reforms ignited the economy. Spanish companies became flush with cash and eager to enter the global economy. They looked first to their distant cousins across the Atlantic.
Latin America was just then entering its own era of economic reform, privatizing government- run enterprises and dropping investment barriers as never before. There have been some stormy seas. Spain's Iberia airline continues to lose millions on investments in the national airline of Argentina. But other Spanish companies, aided by their own recent experiences at rapid modernization, have largely met with extraordinary success. Today, Telefonica, for instance, makes more money in Latin America than it does in Spain.
The Cultural Connection "Culture has played a significant role," said Mateo Budinich, general manager of Telefonica CTC in Chile. "We have a shared language, but each nation is extremely different in Latin America. The Spanish are sensitive to that, while at the same time capitalizing on the similarities in our cultures to smooth the way in business deals."
A vital key for the Spanish has been their stronger stomachs for Latin America's economic volatility. Even as U.S. investors panicked after the devaluation of the Brazilian currency sparked a recession in Latin America last year, Spanish investment reached a peak. Repsol, the Spanish oil giant, gobbled up Argentina's largest private company, energy titan YPF, for $13.5
24 billion, the largest Spanish investment in Latin American history. Telefonica pumped billions more into a massive expansion into Brazil.
And as corporate Spain established a beachhead here, it has opened the door for its subsidiaries and smaller Spanish firms. Many Latin Americans today buy their clothes from Zara--Spain's cutting-edge version of The Gap--and scoop up romance and science fiction novels from the massive Spanish publishers who now virtually monopolize the markets in many Latin countries. The Spanish have won lucrative contracts to build ports in Chile and reconstruct colonial buildings in Havana. New firms are launching Internet startups in a region considered to be the fastest-growing high-technology market in the developing world.
"I think the difference between Spanish and U.S. companies in Latin America is that the Spanish have been less afraid of the risk involved," said Raimundo Monge, head of corporate strategy for Spain's Banco Santander in Chile. The bank expanded dramatically in Chile last year--a 25 percent increase in profits over 1998--despite the country's worst recession in 16 years. "During the bad times like last year or the Mexican peso crisis [in 1995], we've continued to invest heavily while U.S. firms like Citibank have decided to curb their commitments to the region."
"But we're in this for the long run. Remember, the Spanish have known for a long time that Latin America is a gold mine."
Spain Reaches Out
Spanish companies have acquired companies in Latin America at a fast pace in recent years, and some Latin Americans have dubbed the acquisition spree the "reconquest."
Here are some of the biggest recent Spanish investment deals:
Repsol (Spain) bought YPF (Argentina)
* Industry: Oil sector * Year of purchase: 1999 * Price tag: $13.5 billion
Telefonica de Espana (Spain) bought Telesp (Brazil)
* Industry: Telecommunications * Year of purchase: 1998
BSCH (Spain) bought Banco Santiago (Chile)
* Industry: Banking * Year of purchase: 1999
Endesa Espana (Spain) bought controlling stake in Enersis (Chile)
25 * Industry: Electric Utilities * Year of purchase: 1999
SOURCES: Spanish Ministry of the Economy, staff reports
26 Latin America and the Globalization Index (source: Foreign Policy, A.T. Kearney)
Foreign Policy magazine has developed a globalization index based upon four factors: technology – measured by Internet use; personal contact – as determined by arrivals of foreign tourists and long distance telephone calls; goods and services – based on levels of international trade; and finance – including foreign investment. Chile ranked first, Venezuela second, Argentina third, Mexico a close fourth, Peru fifth, Brazil sixth, and Colombia seventh.
27 The Latin American Chemical Industry Moving Targets (Source: Deborah Gaskell, Chemistry in Britain, December 1999)
In recent years the global chemical industry has seen Asia as its prime investment target: now companies are beginning to turn their sights on Latin America, reports Deborah Gaskell
For many people, Latin America evokes predominately negative images; of dictatorships, drug smuggling and hyper inflation. Yet, abiding as these associations may be, they are not a true reflection of Latin America today, according to Volkmar Müller, managing director of Dresdner Management Consulting (DMC).
Speaking at this year's meeting of the ECMRA (the European Association for Business Research Planning and Development in the Chemical Industry) held recently in Paris, Müller pointed out that important changes have been taking place in the regional economies of Latin America, making the region increasingly attractive to investors in the chemical sector. Most Latin American countries, he reported, have seen advances in the process of democratisation during the past 10 years. There has also been an increased liberalisation in the market place and growth in privatisation. And, he added, the region's debt structure has changed for the better.
There are still some things in the region that have yet to change though; internal savings are still low, the region is heavily dependent on foreign capital, and both the region's infrastructure and social situation remain unsatisfactory.
The 1998 Asian financial crisis, which spread into Latin America via Russia, had a dampening impact on the region's growth. Prior to 1998, a number of countries had been reporting extremely high rates of gross domestic product (GDP) growth - some considerably higher than those seen in Europe and the US. But when the Asian crisis hit, all of the countries in Latin America saw their GDP growth rates fall sharply, some falling to barely above zero, while Venezuela fell into negative figures.
In Argentina, for instance, GDP growth rose from 5.5 per cent in 1996 to 8.1 per cent in 1997, and then fell back down to 3.9 per cent in 1998. Mexico managed to hold up best out of all the countries, with its growth slipping from 6.8 per cent in 1997 to 4.8 per cent in 1998, while Peru suffered a huge decline - from 6.9 per cent in 1997 to 0.3 per cent in 1998.
The region was struck another blow this year, by the devaluation crisis in Brazil. As a result of this devaluation, by the largest of all Latin American countries, most of the other countries in the region were forced to make downward adjustments in their forecasts for 1999.
In spite of this latest setback, however, Müller expects the major Latin American countries to see continuous growth in their GDP over the next decade (Fig 1). Argentina, Brazil and Chile, which currently have the highest GDP per capita, are also expected to have the highest GDP per capita growth rates until 2010. Chile's per capita GDP is forecast to rise by 23 per cent to US$6452,
28 Argentina's by 11 per cent to $10,281 and Brazil's by 4 per cent to $5047. In Venezuela, meanwhile, GDP per capita is expected to increase by 20 per cent to $4620.
The GDP of major countries in Latin America (US $1000m) Source: Dresdner Management Consult Research
Argentina, in particular, has managed to turn itself round economically in recent years. Notably, it has succeeded in reducing its inflation rate from over 1000 per cent to below that of Europe. This has partly been achieved through Argentina's alignment with the US dollar.
The expected expansion in Latin America looks set to open up significant chemical investment opportunities in the region. Chemical companies looking for investment targets would do well to consider the region. Müller believes that Latin America compares favourably to China, for example, because it offers both political and economic stability.
The chemical industry is a significant sector throughout Latin America, with the region's large quantities of natural resources, such as oil and gas, providing the feedstocks for the petrochemical sector.
Brazil is the largest country in Latin America, according to most criteria - including population, GDP, and chemical output - although, from the point of view of chemicals, Müller believes that Argentina is currently the most interesting market. Despite a significant difference in size between the two countries - for instance, Argentina's $2600m chemical output (1998 figure) is a fraction of Brazil's $39,500m - Argentina's chemical sector has the highest growth potential, with a forecast growth rate for the next 10 years of 11 per cent. This is reflected in Argentina's expected investments of $6800m for 1998-2000 - $800m more than the expected investments in Brazil.
Within Argentina's chemical industry, the most dynamic and interesting sector is agrochemicals, with a predicted growth rate of over 20 per cent. The pharma (life sciences), cosmetics, detergents and cleaning agent sectors are also expanding. In trade terms, Argentina's expanding
29 chemical output is not expected to affect the market for foreign investment - forecasts suggest 5 per cent growth in exports and 10 per cent growth in imports. Against Argentina, however, are its comparatively high production costs, particularly its electricity and labour costs.
The agrochemical sector is also the highest growth sector in Brazil, with sales forecast to rise from $2600m in 1998 to $2800m in 2000. On the down side for Brazil, Müller pointed out, is that its chemical industry still employs a lot of old machinery.
Of the remaining Latin American countries, most are extremely small. Colombia, for instance, is burdened by a lot of red tape and the government is said to want to exert control over industry.
30 Trade with the USA in Chemicals and Related Products - EXPORTS
8000
7000
6000
5000 1994 1995 4000 1996 1997
US$ Millions 3000 1998 2000
1000
0 Argentina Brazil Chile Mexico Venezuela Countries
Source: Department of Commerce, 1998
31 Trade with the USA in Chemicals and Related Products - IMPORTS
1800
1600
1400
1200 1994 1000 1995 1996 800 1997 Millions US$ 600 1998
400
200
0 Argentina Brazil Chile Mexico Venezuela Countries
Source: Department of Commerce, 1998
Latin America And The Energy Sector REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TRANSITION: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS (Source: US Dept of Energy, 1999)
From many perspectives, Latin America represents a particularly dynamic and exciting region of the world. Political and economic reforms during the past few years promise to provide a good environment for growth and investment. Within this context, growth in demand for energy, refined products and petrochemicals is expected to exceed global averages for the foreseeable future. To meet projected demand levels for both refined products and petrochemical feedstocks, industry participants must consider a wide range of issues and emerging trends.
•Energy and Refining •Privatization, demonopolization and government ownership: oil/gas, refining, distribution, etc. •Prospects for continued strong economic growth and associated rapid increases in total energy use and electricity demand and pricing •Oil and gas fields: locations/reserves/pipelines/distribution/ownership/logistics •Prospects for a change in the mix of energy sources, in particular with regard to promotion and use of natural gas and alcohol (gasohol)
32 •Refined product quality changes, which are evolving rapidly but at different rates across the region •Rapid growth in petrochemical feedstock demand, with associated shifts in the mix of feedstocks that will be utilized •Projected changes in petroleum trade patterns, both with other regions as well as between Latin American countries •Petrochemicals •Privatization in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico is changing chemical industry business practices and competitiveness. Privatization in other countries will occur. •Foreign investment in privatized companies will have an impact as well. •Deregulation has created a free market economy and has opened doors to imports resulting in changing competitive cost pressures. •Understanding feedstock availability and transfer price mechanisms for domestic use and exports will be required to assess domestic pricing policies, profitability and net trade (imports/exports). •Free trade agreements are being formed to provide a competitive advantage to member countries. •Consolidation and restructuring will be required as there are too many single product companies. •Cost reduction/reengineering programs are increasing to improve competitive positions •Major expansions/debottlenecking will occur in the post-privatized environment that will include additional foreign investment as well as strategic alliances.
Privatization of Latin American Petroleum
Latin America is an area of rapidly growing exploration and development activity for U.S. energy companies. Privatization of petroleum operations in Latin America has occurred against a backdrop of sweeping free market economic reform. Central to Latin American economic reforms has been the privatization of a range of state-owned industries--from phone companies, to natural gas and electric utilities, to petroleum companies. The various countries of Latin America, however, have pursued different routes to privatization. At one extreme lies Argentina, which completely privatized its formerly-state owned petroleum company, YPF. At the other end of the spectrum lies Mexico, which has largely maintained its state-owned petroleum monopoly, Pemex, although allowing more latitude to foreign investors in Mexican petrochemicals. In general, privatization has allowed Latin American companies more freedom to pursue joint ventures with foreign companies. It has also led to an upswing in overall Latin American petroleum investment and may have encouraged the acquisition of some Latin American petroleum companies by foreign firms as well as the acquisition of foreign companies by some Latin American firms.
33 Latin America and Energy Consumption – in Millions of BTU’s (Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/brazenv.html)
34 The Latin American Petrochemical Industry
Robert J Bauman, Chem Systems (Source: www.ci.mond.org/9519/951913.html)
Latin America can be divided into three geographic sections: Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America. With Mexico now part of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), some people consider it to be part of North America rather than Latin America, but the realities are that Mexico's culture, structure, issues and problems are similar to those of other Latin American countries. The residual impact of the Mexican financial crisis on other Latin American financial markets is strong evidence of this relationship.
With a population of about 470 million people, Latin America has always been a strong potential market for chemicals and plastics. There were, however, significant impediments to large, continuous increases in per capita consumption. These included economic instability (inflation and devaluation), strong government controls including trade/investment barriers, and political uncertainties. One result was that only a few foreign companies invested in the Latin American petrochemicals industry - most of which had to settle for a minority equity position (with the government also as an equity shareholder) or a position of no growth from their initial position. This is changing and there is therefore a strong, renewed interest in Latin America on two fronts – capital investment and as an export market.
Perhaps the best way to begin is to define the Latin American petrochemical industry and then examine the impact that some of the recent changes will have on the industry. Chemical production exists in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Trinidad and Venezuela. Brazil has the largest, most developed petrochemical industry, followed by Mexico. Some of the other countries are very small in size and in the number of products produced. Trinidad only produces methanol and some methanol derivatives. With its small population base, it is an export-oriented facility capitalising on its low cost feedstock advantage.
Feedstock positions
Feedstock position has always been a critical issue for the petrochemicals business. Argentina is self-sufficient in oil and has an abundance of natural gas with proven reserves throughout the country. As such, its chemical industry (olefins, methanol and fertilisers) is based on natural gas. Mexico and Venezuela have large oil reserves and are net exporters. They also have an excellent natural gas position which has been very favourably priced to promote petrochemicals development. Chile and Colombia have a small oil refinery position resulting in a limited feedstock availability for petrochemicals with the exception of the large natural gas reserves in the south of Chile which have provided world-scale methanol production.
Brazil, on the other hand, does not have a large domestic oil and gas base. Instead it used to rely on imports for energy and petrochemical feedstocks. This led to a programme being set up in the 1960s to use agriculturally derived ethanol for fuel and as a petrochemical feedstock to reduce
35 the country's dependency on oil imports. A number of ethanol-to-ethylene plants were built. In time they became uneconomical relative to ethane- and naphtha-based ethylene plants because they required government subsidies. As the subsidies were withdrawn these old plants closed.
With a population of 160 million people, Brazil, through the state-owned oil company Petrobras, became one of the world's largest purchasers of petroleum and petroleum products (for example, naphtha). In order to develop a naphtha-based petrochemical industry, a programme was started that included subsidised feedstock prices, tariff protection, planned site development, price controls and government equity participation.
Feedstock in most of the other Latin American countries is relatively small or non-existent. As such, there are no known plans to build any petrochemical plants in any Central American or Caribbean country. As a result, these countries, with a population base of more than 60 million people, will remain net importers of chemicals and plastics. Similarly, there are no known plans to build any petrochemical plants in the other countries of South America that currently do not have production facilities. These countries, with a combined population of 50 million people, will also remain important net importers of chemicals and plastics.
Ethylene is a good product to use as a base to review petrochemical development. It is the largest petrochemical/plastics feedstock produced in the world. Moreover, it is not a readily traded commodity (less than 3% of global production is exported), so having an ethylene position translates into derivative production leading to the development of an integrated petrochemical industry. Latin American ethylene capacity is about 4.0 Mt/ annually). This represented about 8% of the total global ethylene capacity. Four countries have a significant ethylene production/consumption base: Argentina,Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela. These four countries also have 65% of the Latin American population.
36 Petrochemical Production 1999 Source: APLA, 1999
1999 Petrochemical Production - Selected Countries Latin America (millions of tons)
Venezuela
Mexico
Chile
Brazil
Argentina Styrene Cumene Ethylene Benzene Butadiene Propylene Para Xylene Acrylonitrile Ortho Xylene Ethylene Oxide
Acrylonitril Ethy lene Ortho Par a Benzene Butadiene Cumene Styrene Ethylene Propylene e Oxide Xylene Xylene
Argentina 124 113 305 16 24 Brazil 80 852 308 166 227 2416 261 90 1248 169 Chile 44 Mex ico 65 105 117 1152 300 26 82 178 Venezuela 32 479 19 25 93
% Change From Petrochem Production '98 Argentina +5.8; Brazil +6.9; Chile -2.2; Mexico -12.7; Venezuela -11.7 Total +0.3
37 The Petrochemical Sector and MERCOSUR Source: The Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (IDB-INTAL), 1998
•The effect of international trade on the petrochemical industry (PCI) is relatively modest. At the beginning of the 1990s, only 8% of western Europe’s plastics production was exported extra- regionally. The United States and Japan respectively exported 11% and 15% of their production. •Although the developing countries have increased their share of world petrochemical exports, a substantial internal market is required to sustain plants that are efficient in scale and technology. •The entry of companies into the PCI in developing countries depends on technology imports, while the determinants of sectoral competitiveness are the availability and price of raw materials and the cost of fixed investment. •In MERCOSUR, only Argentina and Brazil have a PCI. Paraguay has no local production and in Uruguay the supply of petrochemical is very limited, although there is a chemical industry of some significance which is highly dependent on imported inputs. •Analyzing the three-year period 1994-1996, it is evident that Brazilian petrochemical production was approximately nine times greater than that of Argentina, visible consumption was six times greater, and exports were five time higher. •MERCOSURís CET for products in this sector did not differ greatly from those previously applied in Argentina and Brazil, but in general it was higher than those in Paraguay and Uruguay. Consequently, the latter countries have made intensive use of the CET is exceptions regime in an effort to maintain favorable supply conditions from extra-subregional countries. •Very few petrochemical products come under MERCOSUR ís adjustment regime, and practically all of them are traded with zero tariff. •Argentine and Brazilian companies increasingly view the MERCOSUR countries as part of the domestic market. This means that they are not using MERCOSUR to regulate internal crises but as a market to be permanently addressed. Hence progress is being made towards a division of market share between firms in the sector at the sub-regional level. In other words, oligopolistic competition in the PCI tends to encompass MERCOSUR as a whole. •In both Argentina and Brazil, exports have been redirected away from third markets and towards MERCOSUR throughout this decade. •In Paraguay and Uruguay, no clear trends are evident with regard to the origin of petrochemical imports by geographic region, although MERCOSUR is the main supplier in both cases. •Petrochemical trade between Argentina and Brazil has increased strongly in the past decade. •The reorientation of Argentine and Brazilian exports towards MERCOSUR especially in the wake of the present crisis has allowed firms in the sub- region to maintain high-level use of their productive capacity. •MERCOSUR is an opportunity for firms located in Argentina and Brazil, since they are considered competitive in terms of costs, technology and scale, and they have access to a bigger market under preferential conditions (both as regards tariffs and geographic proximity) compared to producers in third countries. •Transformations in organization, quality, processes, etc., do not seem attributable to MERCOSUR per se, but to the trade liberalization and deregulation carried out since the start of this decade. However, the establishment of MERCOSUR did generate new business strategies, including the installation of commercial offices in the partner country, the formulation of complementarity schemes between the affiliates of transnational companies, direct investments in the neighboring country, partnerships between Argentina and Brazilian firms, etc. •MERCOSUR’s economic process must have a minimum level of policy coordination to forestall appreciable differences in the incentives that each country offers. A sufficient degree of coordination has not yet been reached. Nevertheless, Argentine and Brazilian producers ñ and
38 the chambers of commerce that represent them do not express any significant concern about the "asymmetries" that might exist between the two countries. However, there is greater concern about the possibility of extending the integration process to other countries or regions which differ substantially in their policies in this sector.
The Agrochemical Market in Latin America (Chemical Market Report, 9/13/99)
The region’s crop protection and seed markets are growing and developing while Asia is recovering from economic turmoil and Europe continues to impose regulatory obstacles against genetically-modified crops. The market is ½ the size of the US market, but it is growing twice as fast. During the last 15 to 20 years, the market in Latin America for crop protection chemicals has grown more rapidly than its overall farm sector. Initial indications are that shipments of agrochemicals exceeded US$4.4 billion in 1998, 15% higher than during the previous year and more than twice the levels recorded in 1990. Since 1990 the market in Latin America has grown at an 11% clip versus a growth rate of 6.6% in the US for the same period.
INTERVIEW-Aventis sees rise in Latin America Sales
BOGOTA, March 1 (Reuters) - German-French life sciences group Aventis SA, which industry experts predict will be the first company to produce genetically modified (GM) rice commercially, expects to boost its overall sales across Latin America by more than 30 percent this year. "Latin America accounts for 20 percent of Aventis' sales worldwide and it represented $600 million in sales for us last year," said Jean Yves Ravinet, the company's regional director. "We intend to reach a total of $800 million in 2000," he told Reuters in an interview.
Ravinet, who was in Bogota for the launch Wednesday of a local unit of Aventis CropScience, said the growth in sales would stem largely from the company's agricultural business.
But it would also be driven by stronger growth in some of the larger economies in the region this year after financial turmoil across much of Latin America in 1999.
Aventis was formed last year from the merger of Germany's Hoechst AG and France's Rhone-Poulenc SA.
Ravinet did not comment specifically on the development and sale of GM crops for Latin America. But the company has defended the safety of GM crops vigorously in the past, saying it does not believe they will cause harm to people or the environment.
It has also said it plans to begin commercial production of GM rice as early as this year in South America and the United States. In the interview, Ravinet said companies involved in the production of GM seed and crops -- dubbed "Frankenstein Foods" by their detractors in Europe - - were responsible for at least some of the controversy they have stirred up.
39 "It's true that there's a certain rejection (of GM foods). But that rejection is our own fault because of the lack of good explanations," he said. "With biotechnology, instead of incorporating a whole set of genes into a plant we can select only what interests us and keep the fundamental part of an original variety intact."
Retail Pharmaceutical Sales: Selected Counties in Latin America Position in World Market (Source: IMS Health)
1999 Pharmaceutical Sales - Total Selcted World US$ 207.5 Billion
Argentina 2% Mexico Australia/NZ 2% 1% Brazil US 2% Canada Germany Japan France 23% US 41% Italy UK Spain Spain Japan 3% Brazil Mexico UK Canada 4% Italy 2% Argentina 5% Australia/NZ France Germany 7% 8%
40 Percentage Shares of World Chemical Demand in 2010
Western Europe North America 25% 23%
Australasia 1% Latin America 7% Japan Other Areas 11% 4% C&E Europe China Indian SC 4% 11% 4% Other Far East 10%
41 Percentage Shares of World Chemical Output in 2010
Western Europe North America 26% 24% Latin America 6% Australasia 1% Other Areas 4% Japan 11% China Indian SC 11% 3% C&E Europe 4% Other Far East 10%
42 Other Chemically related Latin American Regional Developments
Higher Education in Latin America
Key Trends
Enrollment rates (as of 1994) vary from 39 percent of the age cohort in Argentina, to 27 percent in Chile, about 14 percent in Mexico, and 11 percent in Brazil, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Private enrollments comprise 64 percent of the students in Colombia, 70 percent in El Salvador, and 58 percent in Brazil, in contrast to 6 percent in Uruguay, 20 percent in Argentina, and 25 percent in Mexico.
The proportion of women in the workforce in this South American oil-producing country climbed from 17 percent in 1950 to 30 percent in 1990 and to 43 percent by 1998.
Fifty percent of women form part of the labor force in Brazil and Colombia, 41 percent in Mexico and 39 percent in Chile, according to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), a regional United Nations agency.
Source: SIMON SCHWARTZMAN, Organization of American States, 1999
“Globalization,” the buzzword of the third millennium, is nothing new for Latin American universities. The first academic institutions in the region were established in the 16th century by the Catholic Church. The national states created after the independence movements of the early 19th century tried to copy the then modern, technically oriented French educational institutions. In recent decades, American research universities and graduate schools became the model to follow. Today, however, the old pattern of adoption and copy of foreign models has become just a small part of a much broader trend of international integration, which has as one of its consequences a series of features, problems, and concerns that affect most higher educational systems in similar ways, while eliciting different and often contradictory responses.
Mass Higher Education In Latin America as elsewhere, mass higher education developed in the 1960s and in later years not as purposeful projects of govern-ments and university administrators, but as a consequence of large-scale social, economic, and cultural changes beyond anyone’s control. 1 In different ways in different countries, a combination of forces were driving the enormous increase in demand for higher education: the concentration of populations in large cities; the entrance of women into the labor market; the gradual expansion of basic and secondary education; the development of the youth culture; the movement of adults to acquire new qualifications, certifications, and job opportunities; the new skills required by modern industry and services; and the expansion of the welfare state and public services. As of 1990, the higher education enrollments had reached a gross rate of 40 percent in Argentina, 33 percent in Peru, 26 percent in Costa Rica, and 20 percent in Cuba. In these countries and in others like Mexico (with an enrollment rate of 14 percent), the public, national universities opened their doors to almost everybody who could apply, becoming among the largest higher education institutions in the
43 world. In other places, like Brazil, Colombia, and Chile, the public and more traditional universities resisted the onslaught, trying to maintain their traditions and areas of competence. A new tier of higher education institutions developed, mostly as private endeavors, sometimes at the provincial and local levels. Their enrollment rates did not grow as much—11 percent in Brazil, 14.2 percent in Colombia, and 20.6 percent in Chile. These figures are also a reflection of the relative size of the urban centers and the new middle classes in each country. Mixed situations occur everywhere. Elite institutions have opened courses in more popular subjects for less-qualified students; open-admission universities created and maintained niches of competence and excellence; and a small, well-endowed group of private institutions emerged to cater to the children of the elites.
Institutional Change and Differentiation The need to accommodate an increasingly large number of students in a traditional university setting is just the most obvious aspect of a much deeper problem, which is how to adapt traditional institutions to a completely new set of social groups, functions, and demands. In spite of the cultural traditions coming from the Iberian peninsula, and the growing economic presence of Britain in Latin America since the years of independence, it is to France that Latin American politicians and intellectuals looked for the institutional models for their new states, including their institutions of higher learning. Many explanations could be given for this fact: Anglo-Saxon culture and traditions were more alien, and their language more remote. More to the point, perhaps, were the revolutionary rhetoric and France’s effort to build a modern nation through the strength of the state, an appealing model when civil society was so weak and the economy so poorly developed as in Latin America.
The new, public higher education institutions were to train the lawyers, engineers, military officers, and medical doctors to build the new nations, and the students in these institutions did not expect any less from their careers. General education was to be provided in the early period to the selected few, usually by the Church, and vocational and practical training for the masses was to occur on the job, if ever. Higher education was reserved for the new professions, and the new graduates were to become the intelligentsia of their societies. This explains the long tradition of student politics in Latin America, as well as the universities’ usual disregard for scientific scholarship and technical expertise, with the usual and notable exceptions.
This arrangement is now being challenged from all sides. From the bottom, large numbers of applicants are hoping to get the same access to prestigious positions and income as the old elates, but willing to settle for recognized skills and a valid credential in the labor market. From the top, a new, small but vocal generation of foreign-trained academics and international advisers is calling for scientific research and advanced technical prowess, without which modernization and economic development will not materialize. And, from all sides, new ways of doing politics and gaining power are emerging, not respecting the status credentials of the old elite, and a competitive market in which traditional academic and family entitlements did not count as in the past.
The old universities had to change, and in fact have been doing so in recent decades, even if erratically most of the time. Countries that had kept their public universities protected allowed a new tier of higher education institutions to develop, copying as well as they could the established
44 models, but offering evening classes, not requiring much in terms of performance, and charging students what they could pay. Countries that opted for open access to all students got used to enormous rates of student retention and dropouts in the first years, and all developed “graduate” programs to enhance the selection of their elites, and to answer the demands for research and scholarship.
Graduate Education and Research To preserve, and even to enhance, the old centers of quality and excellence was probably the easy part, although not without its problems. It is always easier, and much cheaper, to take care of a selected group of students and their teachers than to change large higher education systems as a whole, or to adapt them to an extended and highly differentiated set of new clients.
It is not by chance that what is “graduate” in the United States is called “postgraduate” in Latin America and Europe, and what is “graduate” in these regions is called “undergraduate” in the United States. Undergraduate, college education, as conceived in the United States and the United Kingdom, was always understood as part of secondary education on the European continent and in Latin America. “Postgraduate” education was never situated in specialized institutions, course programs, and “graduate schools,” which are recognized as an American invention.
Undergraduate Education The combination of growing enrollments and the import of the U.S. model of graduate education transformed and downgraded large sections of the existing graduate higher education system in Latin America to a kind of undergraduate level. This was seldom done on purpose, although the 1968 university reform in Brazil did create something called “basic courses,” which were to last for one or two years as a preparation for professional degrees and which failed almost everywhere. With the expanding youth culture, most 18-year-old students do not know how to choose a profession. Yet the notion that they should work on their general skills for some years after secondary school is very alien to the Latin American tradition, in spite of the absence of anything similar to European standards of good-quality, college-like secondary education. In addition to general education, undergraduate programs need to provide vocational training, teacher education, and continuous, lifelong education. Eighteen-year-olds coming straight from acceptable secondary schools and aiming at long-term university degree programs are a minority within the larger student population comprised of older students, returning students, those that are in midcareer, and those who lack the necessary training to enter an academic-level program.
In practice, a large portion of the new demand for higher education was in the form of evening classes and four-year programs in fields such as administration, economics, accounting, and law, which seldom led to actual professional standing (only a small percentage of the students with law degrees in Brazil actually apply for and pass the bar examinations). Rather, these programs provide a credential their graduates can show when hunting for jobs, and at best some basic and general knowledge and skills that may be of practical value to graduates.
A special case is the training of teachers in basic and secondary education—careers that are low- prestige and low-paying and usually embraced only in the absence of other opportunities.
45 Modern, mass higher education systems should be able to differentiate among these groups and their demands and provide each with the training necessary and compatible with their skills, aspirations, and needs. Very little of that is being done in Latin America, and it is probably unrealistic to expect such a vast undertaking from the central bureaucracies—which are still in place in most countries in the region—as they try to steer their higher education systems in some direction.
Finance The most that governments can do is to manage the limited resources they have, given the mounting costs of higher education, in a context of increasing competition over public funds and the stark need to balance public budgets. The growth of public expenditures in higher education, which took place almost everywhere, was not just a consequence of expanding enrollments. The old faculties had been staffed by lawyers, medical doctors, and engineers who earned most of their incomes from their work as professionals. The rising expenditures went to pay the salaries of the large numbers of full-time academic and non-academic employees staffing the new institutions. In public universities, these academic and nonacademic employees often receive the benefits of civil servants and are protected from firing, with assured promotion based on seniority and generous retirement benefits. These high costs, when combined with academic selectivity and inefficiencies in the allocation of resources, can lead to very high per capita expenditures.
In 1990, Brazil spent about U.S.$9,000 per year, per student in federal institutions; compared with about U.S.$1,500 for Chile, Costa Rica, and Venezuela; around U.S.$1,000 for Argentina, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, and Uruguay; and around U.S.$500 or less for Bolivia, Cuba, Ecuador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Peru.
These figures are imprecise, since there is no clear definition of a “student,” and the costs may include things like retirement benefits and teaching hospitals. The figures may in some cases reflect the laws and benefits relating to public employees rather than the quality of higher education provided by each country.
But public expenditure is just one part of the story. The estimation for 1998 was that Brazil would spend about U.S.$14 billion a year on higher education, U.S.$6 billion coming from the central government for the 350,000 students in federal universities, U.S.$5 billion from state governments for the 250,000 students in state institutions, and about U.S.$3 billion in tuition paid by the approximately 1.2 million students in private institutions. Brazil obviously needs to raise higher education enrollments to levels similar to those in other countries in the region and in the world, but it is unlikely that much higher levels of public support will be forthcoming. Other Latin American countries are also unlikely to increase their expenditures to anything similar to Brazil’s per capita levels in the near future.
The possible alternatives are to use public resources more efficiently, bringing in more students without increasing funding; to expand the share of the private sector in the financing of higher education, charging tuition in public institutions (which is done in countries like Chile and some parts of Argentina, for instance, but is still taboo in Brazil); and to increase the cost of tuition everywhere. Tuition costs may reduce demand but may create social inequities, which
46 have to be compensated by needs-based fellowships and student loans. The problems of financing higher education in Latin America are not only a matter of limited resources but, in large part, a question of how to better use what is already there.
Institutional Reform To make better use of money, and to provide the students with what they expect, deep institutional reforms are necessary. Most governments in the region have tried them, always encountering strong resistance, and with different degrees of success. There is a growing consensus on what has to be done. Public money for public universities has to be given according to clear criteria of performance and products delivered, not just according to historical trends or political influence. More broadly, a system of coordination based on the bureaucratic authority of the state needs to give way to one based more on competitive markets—not just markets of buyers and sellers of educational products in the private sector, but of providers and users of good-quality academic and educational products. In the ideological disputes that surround higher education reform, this plea for more market-based, instead of bureaucratic regulation, is often derided as “privatization.”
However, the public sector can and probably will remain a key provider of funds for higher education; its way of acting will have to change, from bureaucratic management to the creation of mechanisms to promote competition in quality and performance among institutions.
The third corner of Burton Clark’s well-known “coordination triangle,” besides government and market, namely oligarchy, also has a role to play in the new context. The cozy arrangements, by which prestigious professors and academics used to make most of the decisions related to their work without explanation, cannot be maintained once systems get so complex and differentiated, with many conflicting goals and interests. Diffuse notions of prestige, competence, and quality have to be replaced, or at least complemented by more precise information stemming from well- conceived tests, performance measures, and statistical analysis. Still, academic and professional authority will always be needed.
Evaluation and accreditation committees are being established everywhere, creating rankings, allocating resources, and evaluating new and existing programs. Prestigious scholars and professors are the only ones with the legitimacy to establish the rules of the new “academic markets,” and to act as counterweights to the bureaucratic and centralizing tendencies of governments.
Reforms at the coordination level have to be followed by changes at the institutional level. The decisions to be made by university administrators in this new context of intense competition, complex tasks, and scarce resources are very different and much more difficult than those of the past, when the only things to be decided were who should teach what in each semester, and who would participate in the various academic commissions. Most public higher education institutions in Latin America, however, still function as in the old days, with decisions taken after lengthy faculty meetings, and without help from professional administrators and staff. The new context requires more power and authority for the central administration, external supervision, and a better system of making difficult decisions on personnel, academic programs, and enrollment policies. There is still a long way to go in this direction, especially in public
47 institutions, given the need to change rules related to the civil service, and also to alter the relative power of different groups within the institutions.
The New Challenges The issues outlined above—regarding mass higher education, under-graduate and graduate education, financing and institutional reform— have been on the higher education agenda in Latin America for many years, and are far from being resolved in most places. The main reason for this slow pace is the high political costs of reform. Students, academics, and administrators do not know much about the complexities of change in higher education, and often have good reason to mistrust their governments. Moreover, they feel they might be directly affected by reforms leading to closer evaluation of what a lecturer does in class, or whether a student is really learning, or whether money is being spent wisely. Many sectors in society would favor these reforms: employers hoping for more-qualified employees, families looking for good schools for their children, less-privileged persons looking for more suitable learning opportunities, governments needing to cut spending or to make better use of their resources. But these potential supporters of change are scattered, while the stakeholders within higher education institutions are well organized, able to demonstrate against the government, and have easy access to the press. No wonder that some of the biggest transformations in higher education in Latin America were accomplished by authoritarian regimes. However, to thrive, higher education institutions require personal involvement and legitimacy, which are characteristics of free and democratic societies. In Chile and Brazil, democratic regimes tried to build on what military governments had left in terms of effective institutional improvements, while getting rid of the authoritarian components of the previous years.
While reform is likely to be slow and erratic, there are new challenges that can increase the pace of change. The most important is probably the fact that Latin American universities are gradually losing their monopoly on granting diplomas and professional credentials. Until recently, Uruguay had just one university, and the idea that private institutions could compete with it was inconceivable. Today, other institutions are emerging, and the Universidad de la República is feeling the pressure of competition. In Argentina and Mexico, provincial universities were slow to appear, and were always looked upon with mistrust by the large national universities in Buenos Aires and Mexico City. Even in Brazil, with a large private sector and strong Catholic universities, the private sector is still widely mistrusted, and the government holds the right to decide who can and cannot teach, what is to be taught (albeit in very general terms), and whether specific academic programs meet the standards defined by the ministerial authorities. This supervisory power is justified by the need to control the quality of teaching and protect the students and the public—but with the side effect of restricting competition in the more regulated sectors of the job market and of stifling creativity and innovation.
What remains of this monopolistic or quasimonopolistic power seems to be eroding very rapidly. The job market is reducing its reliance on educational credentials, and requiring more competence and skills, which can be provided not only by formal educational institutions and formal programs, but also by a host of new entrepreneurs, who are discovering the new possibilities of the “education industry.” Educational institutions in the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries are starting to establish alliances, partnerships, and franchises in different parts of the world, including Latin America. Distance learning is still in its infancy
48 but has the potential to wreak havoc with national and regional barriers. The international mobility of students, which until recently had been limited to graduate students, is providing an alternative to the increasing costs of domestic private education for undergraduates in higher income brackets.
In this scenario, institutions that depend upon a steady flow of public money, uncomplaining students, and a monopolistic hold on the education market are bound to disappear or deteriorate, losing their best professional staff and academic faculty. Latin American higher education institutions are finally becoming aware of this new situation and starting to adjust to it, rather than merely waiting for broader systemwide changes. Because of this, there are good reasons for hope.
Post secondary and higher education have also expanded remarkably with an annual increase of 8.5 percent between 1960 and 1992. Moreover, education at this level has been extended geographically, has become more institutionally diverse, and offers new specialties. Latin America has a broad and diverse system which includes traditional and new universities, professional or polytechnic institutes, and technical training centers to cope with the growing demand for post secondary education (Brunner1990; Winkler, 1990; Levy, 1997). CARICOM countries offer higher education to 200 young people for each 100,000 inhabitants (World Bank, 1992). This rate is likely to double or triple during the next decade. Nineteen percent of the population in each age group eventually enters higher education. The high repetition rate during the first two years of higher education tends to be even higher for students who are older when they begin. Students who fall behind at the primary or secondary level tend to have more difficulty completing post secondary studies without repetition. The university system in the region, moreover, requires prospective students to choose a career, even though many of them are still unsure about their professional interests. Recently introduced programs similar to the U.S. bachelors degree allow this decision to be postponed (Lolas, 1996).
In recent decades, the educational situation of women has achieved parity with that of men in terms of both quality and coverage. Population censuses demonstrate that the wide disparities in schooling between the sexes that was evident in the 1950s has disappeared. A slight discrepancy at the post secondary level, and among certain minorities, persists (Schiefelbein and Peruzzi, 1991; UNESCO, 1995; World Bank, 1995). In several countries, especially in the Caribbean, female enrollment is surpassing that of men at the university level (World Bank, 1992; ECLAC, 1994), although women continue to be disproportionately represented in fields traditionally categorized as feminine (Stromquist, 1996). In many countries, and particularly CARICOM countries, achievement levels are higher for girls than for boys in primary and secondary school (Steward, 1996). This is not the case for indigenous groups in the region: indigenous women remain at a disadvantage in terms of access to education. It is worth pointing out that increasing young women's access to education will contribute to reduced illiteracy by improving support in the home for future generations of children. And, it will have a positive impact on population growth (reducing the number of unwanted pregnancies).
It is also necessary to invest in higher education: in technology, so that students at this level have access to computers and the Internet as early as possible, and in research and postgraduate training, Given high costs and the bias toward elite groups, a growing portion of funding for
49 higher education should come from the private sector. At the same time, the type of public funding must change. To date, governments have provided funds based on "per capita subsidies", number of academics, and direct bargaining with the institutions. Direct government support should decrease in a new funding system. Government sending should concentrate on: scholarships and loans for needy students, certain areas of higher education, such as research and postgraduate studies, which offer additional benefits in terms of promoting development, and less prestigious institutions or those in underdeveloped regions. Government support for institutions should be based on formulas and incentives that promote increased efficiency, quality and equity and on open competition for postgraduate studies and research projects. Investment in technology and higher education should be linked with recovery and more emphasis on institutional accountability for outcomes (Reisberg, 1997).
50 Research, Technology and Higher Education in Latin America Despite the recognized importance of scientific and technological research for the region's development and competitive insertion into the international sphere (Sander, 1996b; Haddad, 1997), emphasis is still placed on traditional academic education and accepted knowledge, rather than on fostering the ability to refine theories and to be creative. The use of obsolete technologies, outdated texts, and lecture-style teaching which makes the teacher the primary source of knowledge, should be avoided (Schiefelbein, 1994). These should be replaced in the classroom setting by a receptiveness to modernity and contemporary forms of expression that stimulate the academic and productive growth of teachers and students (Muñoz, 1990). Emphasis must be placed on efforts to incorporate modern information science into secondary education at the administrative and educational levels. The system should encourage and publish research, not only in public universities but in all institutions of higher education in the region (Castro et al, 1996).
Industry-based training constitutes its only sustainable competitive advantage. Rapid technological growth requires the ability to learn throughout one's lifetime and to adapt to change. The scientific and technological revolution is premised on the ongoing discovery of new processes that constantly render existing knowledge obsolete. The existing educational process, therefore, which is essentially based on the transfer and accumulation of knowledge, is incompatible with this historic moment. Memorization of facts and mastery of specific skills has been replaced by the ability to apply them to unexpected situations, adapt to constant technological change, adopt new methods, organize new functions and tasks, and constantly be prepared to assimilate new information and ideas (Haddad, 1997). The profile of the new worker in modern industry includes initiative, responsibility, and additional training in the use of sophisticated, smart tools (Barbee, 1992).
51 Latin America and Student / Scholar Exchange (Source: Institute of International Education, 1999)
Since the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the number of Mexican students studying in the United States has grown. Mexico is the 10th largest sending country for international students in the United States with 9,641 students in 1998 / 1999. Canada, Mexico and Brazil collectively account for over 52% of all foreign student enrollments from the Western Hemisphere and 8% of all enrollments worldwide.
Foreign Students at US Instiututions, 1998/1999 Source: IIE
52 1998 / 1999 Foreign Scholars in the USA
Leading fields of specialization
Health sciences 26% Physical sciences 15% Life sciences 15% Engineering 13% Social sciences 4% Agriculture 3% Mathematics 3% Computer and information sciences 3% SOURCE: IIE
53 US S&E Doctorates Awarded to Citizens of Latin America (source: http://www.nsf.gov)
Awarded Doctorates to Science & Engineering Students from Latin America
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Argentina 65 62 86 53 56 49 66 67 72 52 Brazil 100 119 133 151 157 137 204 143 152 156 Chile 50 54 48 52 42 38 36 29 24 34 Mexico 104 128 115 139 142 128 158 132 164 159 All LA Nations Total 500 561 561 577 619 530 657 553 619 617
54 Science and Technology in Latin America Latin America Needs Science Culture (Source: Professor Ivan Chambouleyron, State University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Editorial in 10 Jan 2000 edition in Chemistry & Industry)
Latin American politicians often talk about science and technology (S&T), highlighting the benefits of a good local scientific establishment. Generally, these political statements are not based on a clear understanding of the role that S&T plays in the modern world, and do not lead to solid financial commitments to research institutions. Thus, the role of S&T in Latin America is often more political than academic – it is simply part of the political game.
With a few exceptions, appointments to decision-making positions within academic research are unrelated to professional prestige and experience. The system favors scholars whose primary concern is politics rather than academia. Researchers’ academic records generally take second place to their political commitment to those in power. As a result research activities are plagued by insufficient funding and disruptive political instabilities.
The system also leads to programs being established without clear scientific objectives, and to support being given to research teams that the necessary scientific background or experience. Money for research is not only scarce, but is frequently poorly distributed and badly spent.
Although this may not apply to all Latin American institutions, it is generally valid for the region. The pattern does much to explain why Latin America’s contribution to the production is so small.
After World War II, the national research councils were established throughout Latin America, as were the modern universities with research programs. Efforts were directed mainly at creating and maintaining research institutions and laboratories – that is, at the top level of scientific activity.
There was no corresponding effort aimed at the scientific development of society as a whole. Education policies have never given priority to science education in primary and secondary public schools. In other words, consideration of popular science education has been limited.
Science museums for the general public were almost non-existent, as were science journalists able to spread science news in an understandable way.
This situation, which prevails today, reflects the official belief – although never explicitedly expressed – that the science Latin America needs requires a limited number of top scientists only, not a scientifically literate population.
Such a belief permeates research agendas and fund-allocation budgets and resutls in modern or ‘adavanced’ projects being encouraged without due consideration of the limitations in local expertise and industrial infrastructure. These projects often waste resources and lead to frustration.
55 At the same time, there is insufficient consideration given to the development of science programs that are modest, yet of fundamental importance in strengthening the scientific culture. Without decisive action in this direction, science in Latin America will continue to be a curiosity and, at most, a source of personal prestige for some gifted scientists. The large, ever-widening, technological gap that separates the region from the industrialized world will persist unless bridges are built between science and popular culture.
We live in a world in which scientific and technical information is available in greater quantities and at increasing speeds. The value of this information lies in our capacity to communicate it and, essentially, in the number of people able to grasp what it means. Science in a country always mirrors society, not the other way around.
The situation in Latin America reveals one of the greatest challenges in establishing independent R&D capacity in developing countries, namely, to balance the distribution of support between resources to spread scientific culture and those to strengthen local research teams. Both deserve adequate funding and training.
In particular, the task of spreading scientific culture at the primary and secondary school level appears to be out of reach for the majority of Latin American countries. The difficulty may be partly circumvented if national and multination companies take up the challenge.
One possible scheme would include, for example, industrial enterprises ‘ adopting’ schools and establishing simple, robust ‘science’ laboratories in theme. Materials to demonstrate the fundamental laws of physics, chemistry and biology are not expensive and may be built in the machine shop of any medium-sized enterprise. A ‘heavier’ investment could include a personal computer and a binocular microscope.
Setting up laboratories in this way would have to be complemented with an appropriate training for local teachers or volunteers. It would involve some teaching by scientists, engineers, and technicians from the industrial enterprises involved in the scheme.
This proposal could provide a unique, beautiful opportunity for thousands of children living in poor countries. And the creation of a technically literate population would certainly bring benefits to future industrial projects.
Information Technology and Latin America
By the end of 2005, Jupiter Communications Inc. is projecting $ 8.3 billion of e-commerce transactions in Latin America, compared with just $ 194 million of Internet transactions last year. At the same time, the number of users is expected to soar to 66.6 million from 10.6 million today.
Present and Future of the Internet in Latin America:
A TILAN Research Report Fernando Rodríguez-Alvez, June 1999
56 How many Internet users are there in Latin America? Today it is estimated that about 7 million (1) people use the Internet in Latin America, although other analysts believe the number might be close to 10 million (2). Some studies cite as many as 13 million users throughout the region (3).
Differences of opinion over the actual number of users in Latin America, and the rate of growth of the Internet in the region, often hide the issue of the number of users as a percentage of the entire population. If we assume the number of Internet users in Latin America is 10 million, this still comes out to less than two percent of the population, compared with estimates ranging from 33% to 40% of the population in the United States.
Who are the Internet users in Latin America? According to one study published at the end of 1997(4), 90% of Latin American Internet users were from the upper middle and high socio- economic classes. Also, 80% of those interviewed said that English was not an obstacle for their use of the Internet.
Many commercial ventures, some based in the U.S. and some based in Latin America, see the small proportion of users in the region as a potential gold mine, concluding that the potential for growth in Latin America for services such as Internet access and e-commerce is enormous. For example, according to Fernando Espuelas, CEO of StarMedia Network, a Web Portal focusing on Latin America, about one-fifth of the population of the region belongs to the middle class and their per capita income make them serious potential customers of Internet services (5). Research conducted by Nazca S&S, the Latin American network of Saatchi & Saatchi Worldwide, suggests that by the year 2000, approximately 34 million people in Latin America will be using the Internet.
The contrary argument asserts that most of those in the region who can afford to be on the Internet already are, and that significant growth will not occur until general economic conditions and income distribution improve. Latin America has one of the world's most unequal distributions of wealth. To cite one example, there are seven Mexicans on the Forbes magazine list of the worlds wealthiest billionaires, while 40 million Mexicans, nearly half of the population, subsists on the official minimum wage of about US$100 per month. In Brazil, Latin Americas largest economy, the official minimum wage is even less than Mexico's, at about US$80 per month.
To give another idea of the scope of the problem, currently no country in Latin America has per capita GNP of over US$9,000.
GNP per capita (Dollars) Argentina:8,570 Uruguay:6,020 Chile:5,020 Brazil:4,720 Mexico:3,680
57 Venezuela:3,450 Panama:3,080 Costa Rica:2,640 Peru:2,460 Colombia:2,280 Source: World Bank Report 1998/99.
The most connected countries in Latin America, measured in terms of the number of users, are also the most populated countries in the region: Brazil and Mexico. While Brazil is believed to have 2 million Internet users, Mexico has around 800,000 users. These two are followed by Argentina and Chile, with more than 220,000 users each.
People with Internet Access (as a percentage of total population)
United States: 20.0% Chile: 1.35% Brazil: 1.20% Mexico: 0.90% Argentina: 0.80% Source: Lanic calculations based on various sources.
Infrastructure Issues
Beyond issues of income and size of the economies, there are other factors that will play a major role in determining the pace of growth for Internet usage in the region. Many of these have to do with access to the basic infrastructure necessary for connecting to the Internet, such as computers and phone lines. According to Annika Alford, research manager for the Latin American Department at International Data Corporation (IDC), "basic telephony costs remain the single largest inhibitor to greater growth in Internet usage in Latin America." (6) However, cable Internet access is becoming a new force to provide this service in Latin America. For instance, 43.7% of all households in Argentina are connected to cable TV, which puts this country at a tremendous advantage if affordable alternatives for cable-based Internet access can be effectively brought to market.
% of Home w/Cable TV Argentina: 43.7 Brazil: 19.2 Mexico: 17.9 Chile: 5.7 Colombia: 2.2 Uruguay: 2.2 Venezuela: 1.8 Guatemala: 1.4 Paraguay: 1.3 Grupo Clarin, 1998.
58 The other major infrastructure issue is personal computers. At the beginning of 1998, it was estimated that there were 14 million PCs in the region. Lower computer prices and economic growth in the region have led to increased demand for PCs, but "inexpensive PCs will do little good, if the cost of long-distance telephone connections required to access the Internet remain as high as they are today," said Paul Cosntance in the Inter-American Development Bank's America Magazine.
PC's per 100 inhabitants United States: 35.6a Germany: 18.3a France: 17.6a Chile: 4.5b Argentina: 4.3b Mexico: 4.1b Brazil: 4.0c Venezuela: 4.0b Colombia: 2.9b a- eStats, January 1999 b- Forbes Magazine, June 1998 c- Revista Exame, 1998
English Only?
The Internet, while clearly a global medium, is still heavily dominated by the English language. In 1996, the Internet Society conducted a survey sampling 60,000 of the 30 million computers around the world with Internet addresses. The study revealed that of the 17 most common languages in the world, English was by far the most frequently encountered -- accounting for no fewer than 82% of home pages on the WWW. German was second with 4%; followed by Japanese 1.6%; French 1.5% and Spanish 1.1%. Other Internet experts assert that more than 90% of the Internet sites are posted in English. More recently, a study by the Agence de la Francophonie, Union Latina and the NGO Funredes found that English is still the language that appears most frequently on the Internet at about 75%, while French accounts for 2.8%, Spanish 2.5%, and Italian 1.5%.
The number of Spanish-language sites on the WWW is growing rapidly, spurred in part by the recent launching of heavily-financed Spanish-language portal sites such as Yahoo! en Español, StarMedia, and QuePasa.com. However, much of the content on WWW remains inaccessible to the majority of the Latin American population, which does not speak English.
According to U.S. International Data group some 7mn Latin Americans will be online at the end of 1999 and that for the year 2002 some 16mn Latin Americans will be connected. Holding presently 45% of the Internets users in Latin America, Brazil accounts for $67mn in online sales (88% of the Latin America’s online sales). Argentina’s online sales reached
59 $1.5mn. The following percentages represent the information market composition for key countries in the region and other countries representing the rest of Latin America (ROLA).
Latin American IT Market, 1998 (Source: IDC)
ROLA 11% Argentina Argentina Venezuela 12% 5% Brazil Chile Mexico Colombia 16% Mexico Colombia Brazil Venezuela 5% 47% ROLA Chile 4%
60 Internet Infrastructure (Source: World Development Report 1999/1998)
COUNTRY DAILY TV SETS PHONE MOBILE PC’S PER INTERNET SCIEN- NEWS- PER 1000 LINES PHONES 1000 HOSTS TISTS & PAPERS PEOPLE PER 1000 PER 1000 PEOPLE PER 10,000 ENGI- PER 1000 PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE NEERS PEOPLE PER 1 MILLION PEOPLE AR 138 347 174 16 24.6 5.32 350 BR 45 289 96 16 18.4 4.2 165 CL 100 280 156 23 45.1 13.12 364 MX 113 193 95 11 29.0 3.72 95 VZ 215 180 117 35 21.1 2.06 334
61 Research and Development in Latin America (Source: NSF, 1998)
Chemistry articles, by selected country Latin America: 1981-95, selected years
Number of scientific & technical articles published in: Region/country 1981 1985 1989 1992 1995 Chemistry World 54,432 55,268 56,126 59,500 61,221 United States 10,880 11,585 12,405 12,926 12,900 Argentina 135 214 225 218 232 Brazil 180 155 168 250 333 Chile 60 78 80 93 75 Other S. America6552516384 Mexico 59 67 87 108 192 Other C. 31 16 27 32 42 America
SOURCES: Institute for Scientific Information, Science Citation Index; CHI Research, Inc., Science & Engineering Indicators
62 Distribution of scientific and technical articles for selected countries Latin America by field: 1981-95, selected years (Percentages)
Articles published in: Articles published in: Field 1981 1985 1989 1992 1995 1981 1985 1989 1992 1995 World United States Clinical medicine 31.5 32.2 32.2 31.5 30.7 36.3 36.7 35.9 35.2 35.3 Biomedical research 15.0 16.6 17.0 16.8 16.4 16.5 17.8 18.8 19.4 19.7 Biology 10.6 9.0 8.5 8.1 8.0 11.1 9.5 9.0 8.4 7.8 Chemistry 14.8 14.2 13.9 14.0 14.0 8.2 8.4 8.8 9.0 9.0 Physics 12.3 13.9 15.2 15.7 16.9 9.9 11.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 Earth & space sciences 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.8 6.6 Engineering & technology 8.3 7.2 6.3 7.0 7.0 9.4 7.9 6.8 7.6 7.2 Mathematics 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.0 Mexico Argentina Clinical medicine 45.2 33.4 32.0 23.7 19.2 30.3 25.9 25.0 25.1 24.1 Biomedical research 11.6 15.3 14.8 16.6 16.0 20.4 21.7 16.9 15.1 16.7 Biology 7.6 11.8 13.2 16.9 16.1 12.1 10.3 11.5 13.8 14.3 Chemistry 9.1 9.1 9.9 11.0 13.6 15.1 18.0 17.0 17.3 14.7 Physics 15.7 20.1 17.3 18.3 22.9 12.7 15.8 19.7 17.6 19.5 Earth & space sciences 5.1 5.3 6.7 6.1 7.5 3.4 3.0 4.4 4.0 4.4 Engineering & technology 4.2 3.2 4.0 5.1 3.4 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 Mathematics 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.0 Brazil Chile Clinical medicine 21.2 20.3 18.5 25.2 22.9 44.7 42.4 43.7 44.2 41.3 Biomedical research 18.5 22.7 24.8 17.9 18.0 20.0 12.0 16.5 13.3 14.1 Biology 14.3 10.2 8.5 8.9 9.6 10.9 12.3 10.8 9.7 11.7 Chemistry 12.5 10.6 9.5 9.8 12.1 10.7 13.7 12.7 13.4 10.7 Physics 19.4 23.3 24.5 24.1 25.4 2.5 7.4 5.4 6.1 8.1 Earth & space sciences 5.9 4.8 6.2 6.4 5.1 8.4 7.0 5.4 9.5 9.0 Engineering & technology 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.9 4.5 1.8 2.6 2.9 1.9 2.4 Mathematics 3.2 3.5 3.6 2.8 2.5 1.1 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.6
SOURCES: Institute for Scientific Information, Science Citation Index; CHI Research, Inc., Science & Engineering Indicators
63 Coauthored and internationally coauthored scientific and technical articles for selected countries in Latin America
Multi-author articles Internationally coauthored All articlesa (percent of total) (percent of coauthored) Country 1981 1995 1981 1995 1981 1995 Worldb 368,934 438,767 33 50 17 29 United States 132,278 142,792 43 58 18 32 Argentina 892 1,581 35 58 34 53 Brazil 1,438 2,760 46 67 53 64 Chile 561 700 41 67 50 67 Mexico 648 1,408 52 66 53 67
SOURCES: Institute for Scientific Information, Science Citation Index; CHI Research, Inc., Science & Engineering Indicators
There is some concern with the globalization of chemical enterprise, R&D flows will remain small to negligible both into and out of Latin America. R&D investment by U.S. companies and their foreign subsidiaries in the chemicals (including pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals) industry accounts for the largest share and greatest growth of foreign-based R&D activity. Indeed, drug companies accounted for 20 percent of total 1995 overseas R&D ($2.6 billion of the $13.1 billion total)—equivalent to 25 percent of the pharmaceutical industry's domestically financed R&D. Of other major R&D-performing manufacturers, recent trends show the overseas R&D investment share of total R&D financing rising considerably for scientific instruments and the food industry. Firms tend to adopt a global approach to R&D for one of two basic reasons:
1.Multinational firms seek a foreign R&D presence to support their overseas manufacturing facilities or to adapt standard products to the demand there. This arrangement constitutes a home-base exploiting site, where information tends to flow to the foreign laboratory from the central home laboratory. 2.The foreign site is established to tap knowledge from competitors and universities around the globe, constituting a home-base augmenting site, where information tends to flow from the foreign laboratory to the central home laboratory.
Chemically Related Research Networks in Latin America The Latin American Network for Research in Bioactive Natural Compounds (LANBIO) aims at integrating regional research efforts on relevant local problems with the idea of: i) acquiring a deeper understanding of natural phenomena through a multidisciplinary approach to research, and ii) obtaining bioactive products from local natural resources and exploiting them for the benefit of the region. Specific objectives of LANBIO are:
• to develop a system of laboratories in Latin America cooperating through research in the field of Natural Products, linking and complementing their facilities through the active
64 exchange of scientists, compounds and information, and jointly planning and executing research activities. • to design strategies for and assign priorities to the joint exploration of natural resources from the region, and to foster coherent regional development by supporting less developed laboratories. • to promote contacts between the academic community of scientists and commercial enterprises that may transform research activities into commercial products.
Three categories of members exist presently in LANBIO: full (active leading scientists), associate (younger scientists with high potential for becoming full members), and assistant (young researchers participating in LANBIO activities). The present members already constitute a rich group of scientists that includes biologists, pharmacologists, biochemists, ecological chemists, natural products chemists and synthetic organic chemists.
LANBIO is governed by a Board, presently constituted by: Federico Dajas (Executive Secretary), Fernando García de Mello, Hermann M. Niemeyer (Chairman), Alejandro Paladini, and Alejandro Urzúa.
Federico Dajas Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable División Neuroquímica Avda. Italia 3318 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay Phone 59 8 811 012, 811 662 Fax 59 8 247 2603 Email [email protected]
Hermann M. Niemeyer Laboratorio de Química Ecológica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile Phone + 56 2 271 1116, + 56 2 678 7260 Fax + 56 2 271 7503 Email [email protected]
Latin America and the Caribbean and US Foreign Development Assistance (Source: http://www.info.usaid.gov/pubs/cp2000/lac/lac_over.html)
Introduction
The LAC region has experienced significant progress in recent years. A decade ago, our programs operated amidst the debt crisis, Central American conflicts, cold war divisions, astronomical levels of inflation, a decade of declines of GDP per capita, and a decade-long failure of LAC countries to invest in their social and physical infrastructure. Throughout the region, the 1990s have brought higher standards of living, a return to positive economic growth
65 rates, a consolidation of macro-economic reforms, and social investment that has yielded significant reductions in both fertility and child mortality rates. The shift from dictatorships to democratic governance has also been consolidated over the last ten years as we have witnessed first-time-ever transitions of power from one democratically elected government to another in credible and successful elections, reductions in human rights violations, and a strong start toward building inclusive, democratic institutions.
There are, nonetheless, real dangers that the region's advances could easily be reversed. Cynicism is growing in countries where the promises of democracy and liberalized economic policies have yet to produce tangible improvements in the lives of ordinary citizens. The LAC region still has the worst income distribution in the world (which has become even more skewed during the 1990s) and 40% of the population remain in dire poverty. The situation is even worse in Honduras and Nicaragua where, even prior to Hurricane Mitch in November of 1998, 73% and 76% of the population, respectively, lived in poverty. Additionally, corruption and lack of transparency in government remain a major challenge exacerbated by the influence of drug money, citizens in many nations stay in prisons for years without formal criminal charges or due process before impartial systems of justice, and the region continues to hold the world's record for murdered journalists. These factors undermine both citizens' confidence in their elected officials and investor confidence throughout the region. Moreover, unlike poverty of the past, poverty today takes place with new democratic governments in office -- meaning that citizens are beginning to question whether they are participants in, and beneficiaries of, their nation's economic and democratic achievements.
The recent global financial crisis -- which originated in Asia and resulted in falling commodity prices around the world and reduced world demand for LAC exports -- has also highlighted the fragility of economic progress in the LAC region. The financial crisis contributed to a decline in the GDP growth rate in the LAC region from 5.1% in 1997 to an estimated 2.5% in 1998 and estimated .6% in 1999. It also prompted a massive flight f short-term capital from the region. Additionally, Brazil's current economic turmoil already has begun to affect liquidity, export prospects and economic growth for other LAC economies. If unchanged, these declining growth trends in the region, one of our major export markets, will reverberate negatively in the U.S. economy as well.
The worst crises, however, to have hit the region in 1998 were natural disasters, from El Nino's drought and fires and floods earlier in the year causing destruction in Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, to Hurricanes Mitch and Georges, which within a few days destroyed billions of dollars worth of development in Central America and the Caribbean that took decades to achieve. Shocks such as these, whether financial or natural, disproportionately affect the poor. There is, thus, reason for concern that these recent crises could set the region back from its path towards sustainable growth with equity; and could result in levels of illegal immigration to the United States rivaling that of the 1980s, as the LAC region's poor seek refuge and better opportunities in the United States.
66 U.S. National Interests
Developments in the LAC region have a clear impact on the economic, social and political well being of the United States. First, our interests are linked to seeing the evolution of stronger democracies in the region. Second, our economies are closely linked as 49% of LAC imports come from the United States and these now account for about 40% of all U.S. exports. Mexico is our second largest trading partner after Canada and by 2010 it is estimated that U.S. trade with our hemisphere's partners will exceed U.S. trade with the European Union and Japan combined. Third, due to our close geographic proximity, there is strong cross-border pressure that often results in illegal immigration and the spread of communicable diseases. Fourth, protection of the hemisphere's natural resource base enhances our quality of life in the United States, and its destruction, as we saw during the fires in Mexico, can affect the quality of the air, land and water in our country.
Despite growing economic opportunities, our close proximity to the region poses some serious demographic concerns, since almost 75% of illegal immigrants to the U.S. come from the LAC region. Although Mexico is by far the largest country of origin, illegal immigration from other nations has also been significant. El Salvador alone has been the source of more illegal immigration to the United States than all of Europe, Asia and Africa. USAID's programs are critical for achieving the U.S. Government's (USG's) strategic goal to "address the underlying causes of large-scale illegal migration by promoting regional stability, democracy, and broad- based growth, particularly in Central America and the Caribbean."
To both reduce pressure of the LAC region's poor to seek refuge and better opportunities in the United States, and enhance political stability and economic prosperity in all of the Americas, it is critical that the U.S. Government ensure that LAC countries continue in their transitions from conflict to peace and reconciliation, from dictatorships to democracy, and from controlled economies with massive inequity to open markets and determined efforts to alleviate poverty. To accomplish this, the United States must continue supporting democratically elected governments throughout the region, consolidating peace agreements in Central America, encouraging emerging democracies such as Haiti, and supporting activities that enhance the likelihood of a peaceful democratic transition in Cuba. The United States must also support efforts to enhance economic growth, improve income distribution, and decrease poverty and food insecurity in the region. Equally critical, the United States must ensure that post-hurricane reconstruction in Central America not only replaces what was destroyed, but, indeed, transforms these societies in a way that supports the economic and political gains of the last decade and lays the foundation for sustainable growth.
The Development Challenge
To accomplish the goals described above, continued U.S. leadership in support of the Summit of the Americas' agenda is crucial. The Summit meetings in Miami, Santa Cruz and Santiago produced an historic common agenda for the region -- an agenda that reflects converging values, North and South, in democracy and human rights, education, economic growth and poverty reduction, environmental protection and sustainable development. Our ability to consolidate the
67 progress already achieved, as well as to help shape the future, depends on our commitment, working closely with our partners, to assist the countries of the region to confront the myriad challenges and threats that still exist.
Political Stability, Democratic Governance and Transitions to Peace: USAID assistance plays a crucial role in supporting the transitions from war to peace in Guatemala, on the Peru/Ecuador Border, and in Colombia. In Guatemala the USG is supporting implementation of the Guatemalan Peace Accords. Signed in December 1996, the Accords contain over 400 commitments that are making fundamental changes to the economic and political life of the country. The USG joined other donors in pledging a total of $1.9 billion over four years (1997- 2000) to support this historic effort and the FY2000 request contains the balance of our pledge to complete this commitment to the first phase of implementing the Accords. USAID also proposes to support, with ESF funds, the Peru-Ecuador border integration program that will undertake small-scale development projects to improve socio-economic conditions in the severely underdeveloped border region . In Colombia, the USG is actively supporting the newly elected Colombian Government in seeking a lasting peace and an effective counternarcotics campaign.
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: A key Summit objective is to reduce regional poverty by half in the LAC region by 2015. However, recent estimates show that absent measures to improve income distribution and increase growth, the region will fail to reach the 2015 target. USAID is thus committed to helping the countries of the region to increase economic participation of the poor by assuring access to credit and financial services, to formal title to property and land, and to education and productive resources. And, because many of the region's poor are small farmers found in marginal, rural areas, USAID is committed to enhancing the agricultural productivity and sustainable resource management of such areas . USAID also supports the countries of the region which have renewed their commitment to regional integration as part of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). This requires a substantial improvement in the ability of some Latin American countries to implement free trade policies, and to enforce sanitary and phytosanitary standards, fair labor practices, and trade-related environmental policies.
Another objective of the Summit Plan of Action is to focus on "second generation reforms" -- those addressing human capital development; the removal of the barriers that keep the poor from participating fully in the national life of their countries; and the ability of governments to carry out essential public services reliably, efficiently and impartially. First generation reforms, which concentrated on dismantling inappropriate government intervention in the economy and strengthening fiscal, monetary, and foreign exchange policies, have been largely successful. Further consolidation of these first generation reforms is needed at the same time that countries address "second generation" governance reforms to transform the essential functions of the state. Critical reforms include strengthening local government and decentralizing responsibilities, resources and power, They also involve fundamental revisions in the rule of law, real independence of the judiciary and effective due process; as well as the prudential regulation of financial institutions (including those that serve the poor), and speedy and effective judicial resolution of commercial disputes.
68 Drug Trafficking: Illegal production and trafficking of narcotics is the greatest plague of the Americas. Illicit drugs corrupt leaders and institutions within the LAC region and constitute the leading cause of violent crime in the United States. The USG, in support of its strategic goal to "reduce the entry of illegal drugs into the United States," has a comprehensive program in place to take the profit out of the cultivation and processing of narcotics. USAID plays a pivotal role in this initiative by helping Latin American governments improve law enforcement systems and educate citizens about the dangers of drugs. USAID also helps key source countries provide environmentally sound, economically sustainable alternatives to crops produced for illegal drug production, and improve their administration of justice to deal with narcotics traffickers and narcotics-related crime.
USAID is pleased that coca reduction programs in Peru and Bolivia have begun to produce significant results. In Peru, with the participation of 239 communities, coca production has decreased a dramatic 56% over the past three years, thus slashing the supply of cocaine by 220 metric tons. In Bolivia, coca production decreased by 22% over the same period. Moreover, as a result of USAID alternative development funding in Bolivia, the land area devoted to licit crops in a major coca growing area is now three times the area devoted to coca cultivation.
Human Capacity Development: Considerable progress in education has been made in LAC over the past three decades, including significant gains in overall access to basic education. However, poor quality schooling undermines the system and access to secondary schooling remains limited. Repetition and dropout rates in Latin America are also the highest in the world. Nearly one of every two students repeats the first grade and only 60% of students complete primary school. In the face of the Summit goal of universal primary education by 2010, these levels must be improved. To address these problems, USAID activities focus on assuring equity, enhancing quality and increasing efficiency of education in Latin America and the Caribbean.
In addition to educating children, there is a need to ensure that children stay in school and out of the workplace -- a key issue raised at the Santiago Summit. To do this it is critical to ensure that children not only have access to quality education, but also that poverty -- the key factor that forces children into the workplace or onto the streets -- is reduced.
Health and Population: Curtailing the Spread of Epidemics: U.S. assistance to the region is also critical to achieving the strategic goal to "protect human health and reduce the spread of infectious diseases." These diseases include cholera, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, dengue fever, chagas and measles, some of which could reach epidemic levels following the floods and destruction of clean water sources caused by Hurricanes Mitch and Georges. The accelerating transmission of HIV within Latin America and the Caribbean is also particularly disturbing -- nearly two million HIV infections have been recorded in the LAC region and the epidemic is growing by about 1,000 cases per day.
These problems are daunting and high fertility and child mortality rates persist in some countries. Nonetheless, the health and population sector in the LAC region has, overall, made significant progress with USAID support. In the area of child survival, for example, increased vaccination coverage in LAC-presence countries has met USAID's 85% mid-decade target. Deaths due to diarrhea and pneumonia are also decreasing in most LAC countries. It is also cause for optimism
69 to see that the total fertility rate for the LAC region is on track for a 5% decline between 1996 and 1999. However, it is sobering to note that Haiti is an extreme outlier with a very high fertility rate of 4.8 children per woman (1996). Yet even in Haiti, between 1997 and 1998 there was a 50% increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods in areas supported by USAID programs.
Protecting the Hemisphere's Resources: Rapid population growth in the LAC region puts pressure on all systems, including natural resources. Environmental degradation, the irreplaceable loss of natural resources and biodiversity, and pollution spread from the borders of Latin America into the U.S. A good example is the 1998 fires in Central America and Mexico, whose smoke affected air quality in the southern U.S. for weeks -- underscoring how environmental degradation in the region can have direct implications on the health of the people of the United States.
In addition, the LAC region has the world's highest rates of deforestation and loss of habitat. Such figures are alarming when one considers that the LAC region contains 40% of the globe's species, roughly 50% of the world's remaining tropical forests, and globally important coral reefs and marine ecosystems. Additionally, of the world's 25 most biodiverse countries, nine are in the LAC Region (e.g., Brazil, Mexico, and the Andean countries). To address these concerns, USAID focuses on preserving biodiversity, through encouraging passage of biodiversity-related legislation; supporting natural resource management, including sustainable forestry and agricultural practices; supporting Global Climate Change activities, including clean energy alternatives; and reducing urban and industrial pollution.
Natural Disasters: 1998 brought some of the worst natural disasters to Central America and the Caribbean than have ever been experienced in the recorded history of this hemisphere.
Hurricanes: The nations of Central America -- not long ago the center of military conflicts and plagued by enduring poverty -- over the last decade have made incredible strides to consolidate democracy, open their economies and address their major development problems. Unfortunately, the most powerful and destructive storm of this century -- Hurricane Mitch -- devastated these countries, especially Honduras. In a few days it destroyed what took decades to achieve. Losses are estimated to total up to 70% of GDP in both Honduras and Nicaragua. Victims of these disasters are left without homes, schools, jobs, health facilities and clean water; and severe flooding has provided a breeding ground for the transmission of gastrointestinal, respiratory and infectious diseases. Hurricane Georges also caused massive levels of destruction to countries of the Caribbean, particularly the Dominican Republic, where 60% of the bridges, 60% of the national forests and 75% of the agriculture sector were destroyed. In total, for the countries of Central America and the Caribbean, the hurricanes resulted in 9,500 people killed and 25,000 wounded or missing; as well as total damages of approximately $10 billion.
To address the devastation caused by these hurricanes, the USG launched the largest foreign disaster response in U.S. history -- one that involved almost every part of the USG and provided more than $300 million of immediate relief, delivered by USAID, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Defense. To move beyond relief, USAID is refocusing some of it programs to reconstruct what was lost and help these devastated countries reactivate their
70 economies. Because additional resources are required so that the United States can contribute its fair share of the total international donor assistance needed to address critical reconstruction needs, an emergency package of nearly $1 billion in FY 1999 supplemental resources has been proposed for hurricane reconstruction and debt relief. More than a dozen Cabinet agencies will be involved in the reconstruction and relief efforts, being coordinated by USAID. In addition, this proposal allocates $10 million of FY 1999 supplemental resources to Colombia to help address needs arising from its recent earthquake.
USAID hurricane reconstruction support, which will be implemented quickly, efficiently and with minimal chance for diversion of funds, will focus on: preventing the outbreak of infectious diseases; resupplying medicines and medical supplies; restoring and rebuilding water distribution and sewage systems; repairing critical infrastructure, including farm-to-market roads; assisting small farmers to reestablish crop and livestock production; ensuring access to credit and technical assistance to support housing, small farmers and microenterprises; helping countries and municipalities delineate habitable lands for relocation/development; providing temporary balance-of-payments support to Honduras; resupplying damaged and destroyed schools; and encouraging redevelopment that is more environmentally sound, so the countries of Central America and the Caribbean are better prepared to deal with future natural disasters, should they occur.
Fires: Just as the effects of the hurricanes were exacerbated by environmentally hazardous development practices (e.g. slash-and-burn agriculture, deforestation, construction on flood plains and poor watershed management), so too were the effects of the 1998 fires of Mexico, Central America and Brazil exacerbated by inappropriate land-use practices. The start and spread of the fires were the result of El Nino which caused drought throughout the region. The fires destroyed over a million acres of land, destroyed critical tropical forests, threatened some of the world's richest and most fragile biodiversity, and severely affected air quality and airport operations throughout Central America and Mexico. Moreover, the fires in Latin America released a level of greenhouse gases that rivals that produced by the region's industrial and energy sectors. USAID, working with the U.S. Forest Service and Department of Defense, responded quickly to help suppress the fires. Support included assessment teams, technical assistance, fire fighting and safety equipment, and aircraft. To help these countries better prepare for such disasters in the future, USAID proposes to work with the Mexican, Brazilian and Central American governments to implement preventive measures needed to mitigate the effects of future fire seasons. Support will focus on the promotion of sustainable agricultural and forest management practices.
External Debt and Debt Relief
Although the LAC debt situation has improved enormously since the crisis of the 1980s, as a result of economic recovery and the implementation of growth-enhancing policy reforms, in a number of the poorer countries the debt burden remains an obstacle to economic growth. To address this the international community has developed the Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative, under which certain highly indebted poor countries that have a track record of strong economic policies and economic reforms can receive debt reductions. Bolivia has already
71 successfully concluded this process and Nicaragua is in the beginning stages. Honduras was in the process of being evaluated for possible HIPC treatment when Hurricane Mitch struck.
Additional debt relief under the Paris Club, Naples Terms and HIPC is planned for the countries devastated by the Hurricanes (particularly for the highly indebted countries of Honduras and Nicaragua). However, because as much as 60% of Central American debt is to multilateral creditors which cannot be rescheduled, the World Bank has established the Central American Emergency Trust Fund to which donor countries can make contributions that will be utilized by recipient countries to make debt service payments. Commitments already exceed $100 million. The lion's share of resources will go to Honduras and Nicaragua.
Program and Management Challenges
USAID has taken major steps to enhance the impact and sustainability of its programs; and link its programs more closely to U.S. foreign policy interests. USAID has also had to respond to constantly changing and unforeseen needs throughout the LAC region, including the hurricanes and fires of Central America and the Caribbean; U.S. foreign policy imperatives that led to decisions to maintain development programs in Panama and Colombia; and political openings created by peace efforts along the Peru/Ecuador border and positive national elections in Colombia and Ecuador.
USAID has responded to these needs and opportunities, within lower budget and staffing levels, by finding better ways of doing business. This has included closer cooperation with other donors, streamlined procurement procedures that reduce the number of procurement and financial management transactions; and regionalization of Mission services wherever feasible.
Other Donors
Among major donors, the United States ranks second in Official Development Assistance after the United Nations. The other lead donors in the region are Japan, the European Commission and Germany. USAID's coordination and collaboration with other donors is a critical and expanding focus of its strategy in the LAC region, particularly as U.S. Government assistance has declined over the last decade. USAID has strong working relations with the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), the European Union (EU) and Japan, as well as several U.N. organizations. Primary partners are the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the World Bank, the Pan American Health Organization and the Organization of American States.
As a key source of development finance in the LAC region, the IDB is a natural partner for USAID in implementing the commitments made by President Clinton at the Santiago Summit of the Americas held in April, 1998. For example, in support of the Presidential Initiative on Food Safety, USAID expertise in adequate safety standards for US food imports is contributing to the IDB's design of food safety programs in Central America and the Caribbean. In support of Summit education initiatives, efforts are underway for USAID to collaborate with the IDB and World Bank on regional initiatives in areas such as education standards, technology and teacher training.
72 Within the context of the Transatlantic Initiative, USAID collaborates closely with the European Commission (EC) on critical democratic governance activities, as well as the Guatemalan Peace Accords. Within the context of the Common Agenda, USAID collaborates closely with Japan on critical environmental initiatives, including conserving globally important ecosystems and their biodiversity; protecting the Panama Canal Watershed; addressing key regional environmental challenges in the Caribbean; and developing Haiti's agricultural sector in an environmentally sustainable manner.
Because USAID has been a pathbreaker in judicial reform, education for indigenous populations, alternative dispute resolutions and other democracy-building areas In the LAC region, other donors are now increasing their support to areas once left to the U.S. government. This includes programs dealing with justice, legislative support, crime and violence, anticorruption, accountability, local government, and national institutional strengthening. For example, in Honduras, Bolivia, Guatemala and El Salvador, the IDB and World Bank are working together to develop major judicial reform initiatives that build on existing USAID activities. Additionally, USAID initiatives have contributed to the IDB's recent expansion of microenterprise assistance.
In addition to close working relations with other donors, USAID implements its programs in close collaboration with other U.S. Agencies, including State, Environmental Protection Agency, Education, Interior, Commerce, Justice, Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development, Health and Human Services, Labor, U.S. Trade Representative, National Security Council and the Inter- American Foundation. Many of these U.S. Agencies have been working closely with USAID and other donors in developing a coordinated and complementary reconstruction response to Hurricanes Mitch and Georges.
FY 2000 Program
The resources requested by USAID for the LAC region in FY 2000 total $653.3 million. Of this, $233 million is Development Assistance (DA), $76.2 is Child Survival and Disease, $160.5 million is Economic Support Funds, $50 million is International Narcotics Control funds, and $135.6 is P.L. 480 Title II.
The activities planned for FY 2000 will directly contribute to achieving the shared vision for the hemisphere as ratified by the Summit of the Americas and its follow-up process. USAID's program will provide impetus to a second generation of reforms vital for substantially accelerating growth, improving income distribution, ensuring political stability and increasing participation in decision-making by all segments of society. Additionally, the USAID request will provide critical hurricane reconstruction support to help the countries of Central America and the Caribbean regain what was lost in the storms and reactivate their economies.
The USAID FY 2000 program will contribute to the following results:
•Strengthening democratic institutions, promoting broad citizen participation, and promoting respect for human rights; •Expanding economic growth, reducing poverty and improving income equality; •Reducing levels of illegal emigration to the United States; •Stemming the flow of illegal narcotics to the United States; •Reducing fertility and population growth, improving
73 maternal and child health, and slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. •Increasing sustainable development and sound environmental practices; and •Improving the quality of education.
74 ACS Members in Selected Countries of Latin America and Their Reported Collaboration Activities – 1999
(Source: ACS Latin American Survey – N=65)
ACS Members Industry - Higher Ed Collaboration Themes AR, BR, CL, MX, VE 1999
Pharm Prod Food Chem 7% 4% Energy Rubber Energy 13% Metals 3% Ag Chem's Ag Chem's 4% 12% Basic Chem Prod Polymers Fine Chem's
Fine Chem's Metals 19% Basic Chem Prod Rubber 13% Pharm Prod Polymers Food Chem 25%
75 ACS Members Industry / Higher Ed Collaboration Activities AR, BR, CL, MX, VE 1999
Internship 1% Course Delivery 2% Environmental Monitoring Basic Res Basic Res 9% Faculty Visits 19% Quality Control Student Visits Faculty Visits 14% Consulting 8% Contract Res Quality Control Contract Res Student Visits Environmental Monitoring 16% 12% Consulting Course Delivery 19% Internship
76 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors - Argentina
77 National Overview – Argentina (Source: World Factbook, 1999; http://www.freelunch.com/economy/)
Geography
Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
Geographic coordinates: 34 00 S, 64 00 W
Map references: South America
Area: total: 2,766,890 sq km land: 2,736,690 sq km water: 30,200 sq km
Area—comparative: slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US
Land boundaries: total: 9,665 km border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km
Coastline: 4,989 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
Terrain: rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Salinas Chicas -40 m highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,962 m
Natural resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
Land use: arable land: 9%
78 permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 52% forests and woodland: 19% other: 19% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 17,000 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
Environment—current issues: erosion results from inadequate flood controls and improper land use practices; irrigated soil degradation; desertification; air pollution in Buenos Aires and other major cities; water pollution in urban areas; rivers becoming polluted due to increased pesticide and fertilizer use
Environment—international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
Geography—note: second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage)
People
Population: 36,265,463 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 27% (male 5,078,061; female 4,888,883) 15-64 years: 62% (male 11,299,155; female 11,315,522) 65 years and over: 11% (male 1,526,682; female 2,157,160) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.3% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 19.96 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 7.67 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
79 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 19.03 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.54 years male: 70.9 years female: 78.34 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.68 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality: noun: Argentine(s) adjective: Argentine
Ethnic groups: white 85%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 15%
Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 90% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 6%
Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.2% male: 96.2% female: 96.2% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name: conventional long form: Argentine Republic conventional short form: Argentina local long form: Republica Argentina local short form: Argentina
Data code: AR
Government type: republic
National capital: Buenos Aires
Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia), and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Buenos Aires; Catamarca; Chaco; Chubut; Cordoba; Corrientes; Distrito Federal*; Entre Rios; Formosa; Jujuy; La Pampa; La Rioja; Mendoza; Misiones; Neuquen; Rio
80 Negro; Salta; San Juan; San Luis; Santa Cruz; Santa Fe; Santiago del Estero; Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur; Tucuman note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica
Independence: 9 July 1816 (from Spain)
National holiday: Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
Constitution: 1 May 1853; revised August 1994
Legal system: mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Fernando de la Rua (December1999) left of center Alliance Party; the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president.
Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; formerly, three members appointed by each of the provincial legislatures; presently transitioning to one-third of the members being elected every three years to a nine-year term) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; one-half of the members elected every two years to four- year terms)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate
Political parties and leaders: Justicialist Party or PJ [Carlos Saul MENEM] (Peronist umbrella political organization); Radical Civic Union or UCR [Fernando DE LA RUA]; Union of the Democratic Center or UCD (conservative party); Dignity and Independence Political Party or MODIN (right-wing party); Front for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four party coalition) [leader Carlos ALVAREZ]; Action for the Republic [Domingo CAVALLO]; New Leadership [Gustavo BELIZ]; several provincial parties
Political pressure groups and leaders: Peronist-dominated labor movement; General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); business organizations; students; the Roman Catholic Church; the Armed Forces
International organization participation: AfDB, AG (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINUGUA, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MTCR, NSG
81 (observer), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNPREDEP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Diego Ramiro GUELAR chancery: 1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6400 through 6403 FAX: [1] (202) 332-3171 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: JAMES D. WALSH U.S. Ambassador to Argentina embassy: 4300 Colombia, 1425 Buenos Aires mailing address: International mail: use street address; APO address: Unit 4334, APO AA 34034 telephone: [54] (1) 777-4533, 4534 FAX: [54] (1) 777-0197
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May
Economy
Economy—overview: Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Nevertheless, following decades of mismanagement and statist policies, the economy in the late 1980s was plagued with huge external debts and recurring bouts of hyperinflation. The Argentine economy continues to suffer the effects of the global financial crisis of the last two years. Although the low commodity prices that resulted from slumping global demand have hurt Argentina since the start of the crisis, the most substantial impact has been felt only in the past year, following crisis in Russia and Brazil.
The persistent decline in investment is a result of the worsening borrowing conditions in Argentina. The country risk premium was higher through much of the third quarter given uncertainty surrounding the outcome of October presidential elections. This, together with rising interest rates in the U.S., has made it more difficult for large firms to borrow internationally, and as they borrow more from local banks, smaller borrowers find themselves squeezed out.
While many Argentine businesspeople and economists are doubtful that the tax increases will do anything more than further limit economic activity, they are necessary to comply with a law passed this year. It requires Argentina to limit its 2000 deficit to $4.5 billion and to phase out the deficit by 2003. Meeting the deficit target will also allow Argentina to renew credit lines with the IMF and improve the country’s ability to borrow on international markets.
82 Other indicators from Argentina are improving, however, as the unemployment rate for October fell to 13.8%.
GDP: purchasing power parity—$348.2 billion (1997 est.)
GDP—real growth rate: 8.4% (1997 est.)
GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$9,700 (1997 est.)
GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 7% industry: 36% services: 57% (1995 est.)
Inflation rate—consumer price index: 0.3% (1997)
Labor force: total: 14.5 million (1995 est.) by occupation: agriculture 12%, industry 31%, services 57% (1985 est.)
Unemployment rate: 13.7% (October 1997)
Budget: revenues: $55 billion expenditures: $59 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Industries: food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
Industrial production growth rate: 8.7% (1997 est.)
Electricity—capacity: 19.61 million kW (1995)
Electricity—production: 65.72 billion kWh (1995)
Electricity—consumption per capita: 1,960 kWh (1995)
Agriculture—products: wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beets; livestock
Exports: total value: $25.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997) commodities: meat, wheat, corn, oilseed, manufactures, fuels partners: Brazil 26.1%, US 8.5%, Chile 7.0%, Netherlands 5.7%, Italy 3.5% (1995)
Imports: total value: $30.3 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
83 commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, transport equipment, agricultural products partners: Brazil 20.8%, US 20.7%, Italy 6.3%, Germany 6.2%, France 5.2% (1995)
Debt—external: $115 billion (1997 est.)
Economic aid: $NA
Currency: 1 nuevo peso argentino = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: pesos per US$1—0.99950 (January 1998), 0.99950 (1997), 0.99966 (1996), 0.99975 (1995), 0.99901 (1994), 0.99895 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 4.6 million (1990)
Telephone system: 12,000 public telephones; extensive modern system but many families do not have telephones; despite extensive use of microwave radio relay, the telephone system frequently grounds out during rainstorms, even in Buenos Aires domestic: microwave radio relay and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network international: satellite earth stations—2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 260, FM 100, shortwave 6
Radios: 22.3 million (1991 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 231
Televisions: 7.165 million (1991 est.)
Transportation
Railways: total: 37,910 km broad gauge: 24,124 km 1.676-m gauge (142 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,765 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 11,021 km 1.000-m gauge (26 km electrified)
Highways: total: 218,276 km paved: 63,518 km (including 567 km of expressways)
84 unpaved: 154,758 km (1996 est.)
Waterways: 11,000 km navigable
Pipelines: crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural gas 9,918 km
Ports and harbors: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia
Merchant marine: total: 34 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 268,492 GRT/388,524 DWT ships by type: cargo 11, container 2, oil tanker 13, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 6, roll- on/roll-off cargo 1 (1997 est.)
Airports: 1,411 (1997 est.)
Airports—with paved runways: total: 137 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 25 1,524 to 2,437 m: 55 914 to 1,523 m: 44 under 914 m: 8 (1997 est.)
Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 1,274 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 65 914 to 1,523 m: 635 under 914 m: 570 (1997 est.)
Military
Military branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic (includes Naval Aviation, Marines, and Coast Guard), Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Aeronautical Police Force
Military manpower—military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower—availability: males age 15-49: 9,056,532 (1998 est.)
Military manpower—fit for military service: males: 7,344,910 (1998 est.)
85 Military manpower—reaching military age annually: males: 332,008 (1998 est.)
Military expenditures—dollar figure: $4.6 billion (1997)
Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 1.5% (1997)
Internet in Argentina: Basic Statistics (1998/1999)
Percent of Population with Internet Connection: 0.8% Personal Computers per 1000 Inhabitants: 24.6 Telephones per 1000 Inhabitants:174 Television per 1000 Inhabitants: 347 Newspapers per 1000 Inhabitants:138 Illiteracy Rate: 4 %
Transnational Issues Disputes—international: short section of the southwestern boundary with Chile is indefinite; claims UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); claims UK-administered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica
Illicit drugs: increasing use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US US and Country Contacts - Argentina (Source: International Trade Administration, 1999)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Michael W. Liikala, Counselor for Commercial Affairs James Sullivan, Deputy Senior Commercial Officer Michael L. McGee, Commercial Attache Ellen Lenny-Pessagno, Assistant Commercial Attache
Tel: (54-1-) 777-4533/4534 ext. 2226/2227 Fax: (54-1-) 777-0673 E-mail: [email protected]
Chemicals Alvaro Mendez 2416
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Gary C. Groves, Counselor for Agricultural Affairs Fax: (54-1-) 777-3623 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.usia.gov/posts/baires.embassy/
SECRETARIA DE INDUSTRIA, COMERCIO Y MINERIA (Secretariat of Industry, Commerce and Mining) Av. Julio A. Roca 651
86 1322 Buenos Aires Tel: (54-1-) 349-3408/09 Fax: (54-1-) 349-5422
SECRETARIA DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, PESCA Y ALIMENTACION (Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food) Av. Paseo Colon 982 1063 Buenos Aires Tel: (54-1-) 349-2500/2502 Fax: (54-1-) 349-2504
CAMARA ARGENTINA DE COMERCIO (Argentine Chamber of Commerce) Av. L.N. Alem 36, P.B. 1003 Buenos Aires Tel: (54-1-) 343-9423/7783/5679/5949 Fax: (54-1-) 331-8051/5 Internet: http://www.cac.com.ar E-mail: [email protected]
CAMARA DE LA INDUSTRIA QUIMICA Y PETROQUIMICA DE ARGENTINA Av. Leandro N. Alem 1067 - piso 14 - (1001) - Buenos Aires Tel: (5411) 4313-1000 - (5411) 4313-1059 Fax: (5411) 4312-4773 http://www.ciqyp.org.ar/
CAMARA DE COMERCIO DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS EN ARGENTINA (American Chamber of Commerce in Argentina) Viamonte 1133, Piso 8 1001 Buenos Aires Tel: (54-1-) 371-4500 Fax: (54-1-) 371-8400 Internet: http:\\www.amchamarg.com E-mail: [email protected]
UNION INDUSTRIAL ARGENTINA (Argentine Industry Association) Av. Leandro N. Alem 1067, Pisos 10 y 11 1001 Buenos Aires Tel: (54-1-) 313-2561/2611 Fax: (54-1-) 313-2413 Internet: http://uia.org.ar E-mail: [email protected]
WORLD BANK FIELD OFFICE Av. Leandro N. Alem 628-30, Piso 12 1003 Buenos Aires
87 Tel: (54-1-) 313-6816, (54-1-) 313-6851, (54-1-) 313-4586 Fax: (54-1-) 313-1233
And the following organizations have chemical interests:
CIPRA (Cámara de Industrias de Proceso de la Rep. Argentina), CIAFA (Cámara de la Industria Argentina de Fertilizantes y Agroquímicos); CASAFE (Cámara de Sanidad Agropecuaria y Fertilizantes); UIPBA(Unión Industrial de la Provincia de Buenos Aires), UICBA (Unión Industrial de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires); CAIP (Cámara Argentina de la Industria Plástica); ALPHA (Asociación Industrial de Artículos de Limpieza Personal, del Hogar y afines); CIFIM (Cámara de la Industria de Fibras Manufacturadas), FAIC (Federación Argentina de la Industria del Caucho)
88 Chemically Related Trade and Industry in Argentina (Source: Chemical Industry Notes, 1999, 2000, 2001)
Highlights ♦ There are a reported 2300 chemical and related product companies in Argentina: 40 of which are petrochemical; 200 chemical and agrochemical; others are pharmaceutical, coatings, synthetic fiber, cleaning and personal care and allied chemical industries. ♦ The chemical and related product industry in Argentina generates annual revenues of US$10.75 billion and employs 64,400 individuals. ♦ Total petrochemical product (in millions of metric tons) is 1988: 2.4; 1992: 2.4; 1997: 3.3; projected 2001: 7.0. ♦ The top three third country chemical suppliers to Argentina are ICI, Bayer, BASF. ♦ Best sales prospects for the Argentine chemical market lie in glycols, agrochemicals, fertilizer, and mining raw materials. ♦ Overall in 1997 Argentina exported just over US$ 1 billion of chemicals and chemically- derived products accounting for over 12% of total exports; 13% of total imports. ♦ Argentina has one of the world’s highest per capita comsumptions of pharmaceuticals and is the 10th largest pharmaceitical market in the world with total drug sales of more than $4 billion a year, $1 billion more than Mexico and $3.7 billion less than Brazil. ♦ Begun in 1996, the US$ 600 million Mega Natural Gas Treatment Project is the biggest gas- processing plant in South America. It is composed of Repsol-YPF (38%), Petrobrás (34%), and U.S.-based Dow Chemical (34%). ♦ Latin America's first ``virtual market'' for the buying and selling of agricultural products will debuted up on Argentina's Internet Saturday, November 13, 1999 by officials from firm Sistemas Electronics SA (SES). The project cost US$4.5 million and addressed features agriculture machinery, chemicals, tools, and various services of interest to rural producers. ♦ Textile washing product sales in Argentina in 1997 totaledUS$386 million and is project to grow to US$500 million + in 2000. ♦ Argentina leads Latin America in oil and fat exports above 5.6MMT annually; its total oilseed production (1999) is 25.5 MMT with soybeans accounting for about 70%. ♦ South America's No.2 economy has undergone fundamental free-market reforms in the last decade through privatizations and the introduction of foreign competition. More than 500 companies in Argentina have been bought out by multinationals for more than $50 billion. ♦ Argentine holding company Techint is now one of the world leaders in manufacturing seamless steel tube for the oil sector through its control of Argentina's Siderca SACI and Mexico's Tamsa. ♦ Autos and parts account for about 30 percent of trade among Mercosur trade bloc members Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Argentina and Brazil are the trade block's auto giants. Argentine industry has been hard hit, despite a recent expansion in the sector. Six years ago, Argentina had 460 parts makers who employed 47,000 workers and now counts 400 such companies where 34,000 people work. ♦ The Argentine government’s minerals policy is now based on four strategic areas: encouraging private investment; ensuring protection for investors’ work; ensuring structural stability between the production of metals, nonmetallic minerals, and construction materials that can assist in modernizing the country’s small-and medium-scale mining sectors; and promoting minerals-related activity that is compatible with
89 sustainable development.
♦ The $ 180-million argentine polyvinyl chloride (PVC) market is growing faster than the Mercosur average, and its one domestic producer, Solvay affiliate Indupa, is scrambling to increase capacity. But the free-trade structure of Mercosur has prompted Indupa to look beyond supplying its own markets and to focus on producing PVC for the entire Mercusur region.
90 US Trade with Argentina, 2000, (US$'000) (Source: www.ita.doc.gov) Commodity Exports Imports Food and Live Animals 71.96 557.26 Beverages and Tobacco 4.87 56.25 Materials, Inedible, 104.55 88.13 Except Fuels Mineral Fuels, Lubricants 46.42 938.41 and Related Materials Animal and Vegetable Oils, 5.63 18.12 Fats and Waxes Chemicals and Related 1,013.86 145.24 Products, N.E.S. Manufactured Goods 235.81 584.54 Classified Chiefly by Material Machinery and Transport 2,290.73 112.46 Equipment Miscellaneous Manufactured 385.67 214.13 Articles Commodities and 153.73 130.87 Transactions, N.E.S.
TOTAL * 4,313.22 2,845.35
91 US Exports - Argentina, 2000 (Source: www.ita.doc.gov) Exports
Machinery and Miscellaneous Transport Equipment Manufactured Articles 53% 9% Food and Live Animal 2%
Manufactured Goods Commodities and Classified Chiefly by Transactions, N.E.S. Material Chemicals and Related 4% 5% Products, N.E.S. 24%
Beverages and Tobacco 0.11% Mineral Fuels, Materials, Inedible, Animal and Vegetable Lubricants and Except Fuels Oils, Fats and Waxes Related Materials 2% 0.13% 1%
92 US Trade with Argentina, 2000, (Source: www.ita.doc.gov) Imports
Food and Live Animals Commodities and 20% Transactions, N.E.S. 5% Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles Beverages and Tobacco 8% 2% Machinery and Transport Equipment 4%
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Materials, Inedible, Except Material Fuels 20% 3% Chemicals and Related Mineral Fuels, Lubricants Products, N.E.S. and Related Materials 5% 32% Animal and Vegetable Oils, Fats and Waxes 1%
93 Chemical Commodity Trade – US Argentina 95-99 (Source: www.ita.doc.gov) Exports in US$ ‘000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
5 Overall Chemicals And Related 762 956 1,005 1,033 952 Products Chemical and Related Products in Top 20 Commodities 515 Organo-Inorganic & Heterocyclic 53 81 99 107 108 Compounds 591 Insecticides, 77 91 99 77 74 Disinfectants 542 Medicaments (Including 17 22 45 74 72 Veterinary Medicaments) 575 Plastics 45 63 72 71 63 513 Carboxylic Acids, Halides, & 38 41 44 52 62 Derivatives 598 Miscellaneous Chemical 48 48 59 51 57 Products 514 Nitrogen-Function Compounds 42 61 60 54 55
Chemical Commodity Trade – Argentina 95-99, (Source: www.ita.doc.gov) Imports in US$’000
5 Chemicals And Related Products 120 90 125 178 141 No Chemical nor Related Products in Top 20 Import Commodities
94 Chemically Related Company Case Studies – Argentina (Source: www.cosmos.com.mx and corporation websites)
Case: BASF Argentina Av. Corrientes, 327 (1043) Buenos Aires Teléfono: 317-9600 Fax: 317-9700 Casilla de Correo 4800 (1000) Correo Central
BASF Argentina S.A. Annual sales US$ 206 million
Rainer M. Blair, president of BASF Argentina also responsible for operations in Uruguay y Paraguay. Blair, age 33 was born in the USA replaced Dieter Wagner, who is now heading up The Diectorate of Fertilizer Production for BASF in Germany. BASF Argentina invoices over U$S 300 million annually for agricultural products, plastic products, pharmaceuticals, paints, animal feed and chemicals in the following areas.
Health and Nutrition Pharmaceuticals, vitamins and additives for human nutrition/pharmaceuticals and for animal nutrition, pharma ingredients, food & beverage ingredients, personal care ingredients, aroma chemicals, specialty polymers, fertilizers and crop protection products
Colorants and Finishing Products Dyestuffs, dyes for the oil industry, adhesion promoter, pigments, finishing products, process chemicals, coatings, printing systems, dispersions
Chemicals Basic chemicals, catalysts, industrial chemicals, plasticizers, solvents, glues, intermediates, specialty chemicals, surfactant raw materials, chemicals for motor vehicles and additives
Plastics and Fibres Polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, engineering plastics, foamed plastics, polyurethane products and systems, PUR elastomers, fiber products
Oil and Gas Crude oil, petroleum products, such as fuel oil and fuels, natural gas.
BASF has been in Argentina since 1950. In that time it operated under the name Unión Química SRL. En 1969 BASF began operating under the name Argentina S.A. In the same year, the company began construction on the la Planta General Lagos. In 1972 it began production. In 1995 BASG Argentina inaugurated la Planta de Premezclas Lutavit in Tortuguitas and in En 1997 its distribution center in Tortuguitas.
95 Case: Repsol - Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales (YPF) S.A. Avenida Presidente Roque Saenz Peña 777 1364 Buenos Aires, Argentina http://www.ypf.com/ypframe.htm
Repsol / YPF Petrochemical Products In June 1999, Spain's oil, natural gas and chemicals group, Repsol, completed its $13.5 billion takeover of Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales (YPF), Argentina's largest oil and gas company, creating the world's tenth largest oil and gas company (by market capitalization), with revenue of more than $26 billion, and 4.1 billion barrels of oil reserves. YPF alone had been the dominant oil and gas presence in Argentina, and the new company, Repsol-YPF, will have a major presence throughout Argentina and the rest of Latin America, plus has other operations in North Africa, North America, and Europe. Repsol-YPF will control about 50% of the Argentine energy market, both upstream and downstream. YPF itself produced over half the country’s 902,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of crude in 1998, and almost half its natural gas. YPF, with sales of an estimated $6.1 billion in 1998, was by far the largest Argentine company.
Roberto Monti is President and CEO of Repsol - YPF S.A. in April 1998. He was born in Argentina in 1939. Graduated as Electrical Engineer from the Universidad de Buenos Aires in1962. In 1963 joined Schlumberger Argentina as Wireline Field Engineer assigned to locations in Neuquén, Mendoza and Comodoro Rivadavia. Stayed with that Company 32 years occupying different positions in Venezuela, USA, Indonesia, Iran and France. In 1989 was promoted to President for the Eastern Hemisphere and South America Wireline & Testing and during the period 1993-95, President for Dowell Worldwide. In 1995 he accepted the challenge of running Maxus Energy Corporation, in Dallas, Texas, a company that has been acquired by YPF.
Repsol-YPF Petrochemical Products - Aguarrás, Metanol, Aromático Pesado 220, Ortoxileno, Benceno, n-Pentano, Buteno-1PEX- AE, Ciclohexano, Paraxileno, n-Heptano, Solvente B, n- Hexano, Solvente C, Isodecanol Solvente F, Isoheptanol, Solvente G, Isononanol, Tolueno, Isotridecanol, Xileno Mezcla Lineal Alquil Benceno, Poliisobutilenos
Other Selected Chemical and Related Product Companies - Argentina
ARGENTINA NATIONAL STARCH & CHEMICAL S.A N. Avellaneda 1357 1642 San Isidro Tel: +54 11-4743-2066 Fax: +54 11-4742-2971 Adhesives, Food/Industrial Starches, Specialty Synth. Polymers
ATANOR S.A. Pte. J. D. Perón 646/50- 3° piso- CP: 1038- Capital Federal 393- 5172/81/83/89;393-5111/14/23/31/46;327-2330/31;394-2851/2883/8699 393-6427 Insecticide, herbicide
96 BAYER ARGENTINA S.A. Ricardo Gutiérrez 3652 1605 Munro, Buenos Aires Argentina Tel: (54-1) 762-7116, 762-7431, 762-7265 y 762-7296 Fax: (54-1) 762-7467, 762-7010 E-mail: [email protected] Sodium Dichromate, Fertilizers, Fungicides, Insecticides, Lacquer, Polyurethane Chemicals, For Plastics, Chromium Sulphate,
CADELCO S.A. Presidente: Mendez J. Apoderado San Martín 365, 4o. piso Of. 401 1004 Buenos Aires, Capital Federal Argentina Tel: (054-1) 394-3522 Fax: (054-1) 394-3522 E-mail: [email protected] Bentonite, Bentonite, Ceramic
CHEMIPLANT S.A. Aldecoa 1277- CP: 1870- Avellaneda- Buenos Aires 208-0281/3217;228- 7047/7058 208-3217 Insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, curasemilla
CHEMOTECNICA SINTYAL S.A. Carlos Berg 3669- CP: 1437- Capital Federal 918- 8100/8300 918-3921 Insecticide, herbicide, fungicide CASAL DE REY Y CIA. S.R.L. PRODUCTOR EXPORTADOR Directivos: Fundada: Capital: Empleados: Actividad: Av. Roque Saenz Peña 943 - P.8 - Of. 83 1035 Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Argentina Tel: (54) 4326-3368, 4326-0949, 4326-0957, 4326-0471 Fax: (54) 4326-3368 E-mail: [email protected] Coconut Oil, Castor Oil, Varnishes, Sodium Molybdate Calcium Octoate, Cobalt Octoate, Copper Octoate, Strontium Octoate, Lithium Octoate, Manganese Octoate, Lead Octoate Zinc Octoate, Zirconium Octoate, Chemicals, Industrial Chemicals, For Cosmetics And Beauty Products, Chemicals, For Paints, Varnishes, Enamels And Lacquer, Chemicals, For Plastics, Driers
DOWELANCO ARGENTINA S.A. Av. Leandro N. Alem 896- 12° piso- CP: 1001- Capital Federal 319-0100 312-0127 Insecticide, herbicide, fungicide
97 GLEBA S.R.L. Calle 520 y Ruta Prov. 36- CP: 1903- Melchor Romero- La Plata- Buenos Aires 021-91-3062/3684 Insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, nematicide, rodenticide
ICONA S.A. Rodney 350/54- CP: 1427- Capital Federal 854-2231/2359/7712;855-5154 856- 2655 Insecticide, herbicide, fungicide
MASPRO S.A. Cno. Gral. Belgrano 2590- CP: 1874- Villa Domínico- Buenos Aires 246- 8753/8590/9450/6236 246-9559 Fungicide
MERCK QUÍMICA ARGENTINA S.A.I.C Artilleros 2436 - C.P.(1428) - Capital Federal - Buenos Aires - Argentina Tel.: 54(11) 4787-8100 - Fax: 54(11) 4783-7369 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.merck.com.ar/ Pigmentos, Cristales Líquidos, Síntesis de Sustancias Farmacéuticas Básicas, Sistemas de Separación Cromatográfica, Sistemas de Test Analíticos y de Diagnóstico
MONSANTO ARGENTINA S.A.I.C. Av. Maipú 1210- 6° piso- CP: 1006- Capital Federal 313- 2429/3136/4230/4520 313-2447 Herbicide
PASA Maipú 1 Piso 9 (1084) Buenos Aires - Argentina Tel.: (54 11) 4344-7200 4344-PASA(7272) Fax: (54 11) 4344-7222 fertilizers, urea, hexane, aromatics, caucho, rubber, nitrile, SBR, NBR, parafins, naphta, styrene, butadiene, and propellents;,
Q.E.A.C.A. S.A. Av. Madero 942- 5° piso- CP: 1106- Capital Federal 310-1363 al 1365 313- 7571 Insecticide, herbcide ROHM AND HAAS LATIN AMERICA INC. Directivos: Fundada: Capital: Empleados: Actividad: Carlos Pellegrini 1149, 7o. piso 1019 Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Argentina Tel: (54-1) 328-0506 Fax: (54-1) 328-0504 E-mail: [email protected] Fungicides, Insecticides, Mancozeb, Agrochemicals, Propanil
ZENECA S.A.I.C. Av. Leandro N. Alem 1134- 12° piso- CP: 1001- Buenos Aires 311- 2928;312-0221/5542 311-4511, Insecticide, herbcide
ZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZ ARGENTINA, S.A. Av. Belgrano No. 553, piso 5 Depto. "Q"
98 Capital Federal, Argentina Tel: (541) 342-4350 y 342-2017; Fax: (541) 342-2017 E-mail: [email protected] Chemicals, For Textile Industry, Chemicals, For Leather
99 Higher Education - Argentina (Source: UNESCO; World of Learning; RELAQ)
Structure of system Higher education is provided by the national, provincial and private universities and institutions devoted to higher studies in the fine arts or to technical and professional studies, as well as teacher-training colleges. Universities are autonomous. The Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional coordinates policies of the national universities and their relationship with public and private, national and foreign bodies; draws up proposals for the national recognition of complete and partial studies and degrees and diplomas; and the national validation of foreign qualifications. The Sistema Interuniversitario del Cuarto Nivel was established in 1985 and furthers university education at the highest level. Private universities are autonomous but must be recognized by the State and their statutes, courses and programmes must be approved by it. They may award degrees and qualifications which are valid nationally if recognized by the central government. Main types of higher education institutions in country
Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL Translation: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD PROVINCIAL Translation: PROVINCIAL UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA Translation: PRIVATE UNIVERSITY Main laws/decrees governing higher education Name of law/decree: 23569/88 Institution type: Universities Name of law/decree: 24.195 Date: 1 April, 1993 Administrative structure of higher education Name of body: Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional (CIN) Role: Coordinates university activities, recommends the creation of faculties; participates in university policy planning and makes recommendations to the Ministry. Address: Street: Pacheco de Melo 2084 City: Buenos Aires Postal code: 1126 Fax: 54-1-8062269 Name of body: Ministerio de Cultura y Educacion Address: Street: Pizzurno 935 City: Buenos Aires Postal code: 1025 Telephone: 54-1-8128410 Fax: 54-1-8126493 Internet: http://www.mcye.gov.ar Academic year: Classes start: April Classes end: December Languages of instruction: Spanish
100 Highlights ♦ Of the total 99 universities in Argentina, 48 are privately operated. ♦ The number of private, non-profit universities in Argentina has doubled since 1990. ♦ Private institutions enroll one in seven undergraduates and one in four graduate students.
Faculties of Chemical Sciences – Argentina (Source: http://www.quimica.com.ar/univer.html; http://www.redhucyt.oas.org/RLQ/; World of Learning, 1999; and university websites)
Facultades de Química de Argentina
Universidad de Belgrano: (Privada) Zabala 1851 (1426) Capital Federal Tel: 011 4 7811494 ó 4 7812924 ó 4 7813364 - Fax: 011 4 7849303 Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas Licenciatura en Tecnología de Alimentos
------Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA): Viamonte 430 (1052) - Capital Federal Tel: 011 4 3119030 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física. Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria (1428) Capital Federal, Argentina 011 4 7815020 al 4 7815029 (Interno Secretaría 297) Línea Directa: 011 4 7820468 Fax: 011 4 7820441. Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Electroquímica Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Fotoquímica Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Química Analítica Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Química Inorgánica Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Química Teórica Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Radioquímica Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Termodinámica de Procesos Irreversibles Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas orientación Termodinámica Química Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas INQUIMAE: Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía.Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria (1428) Capital Federal, Argentina 011 4 7815020 al 4 7815029 (Interno Secretaría 297) Línea Directa 011 4 7820468 Fax: 011 4 7820441
------Universidad CAECE (Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Exactas): Privada Av. de Mayo 1400 (1085) Capital Federal Tel: 011 4 3813229 / 4 3819767 / 4 3814426 / 4 3816422 / 4 3811033
101 ------Universidad Federal de la Patagonia Austral: Lisandro de la Torre 860 (9400) Río Gallegos - Santa Cruz Tel: 02825 4 23505 Licenciatura en Química
------
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Casilla de Correo 61 -Suc.16- Pabellón Arg. -Ala 1- Ciudad Universitaria (5000) CORDOBA Te: 0351 4 602124 Fax: 0351 4 694724. Departamento de Química Biológica Departamento de Físico Química Departamento de Química Orgánica CEQUIMAP (Centro de Química Aplicada) Lic. en Química Lic. en Química Farmaceútica Especialidad en Bioquímica Clínica Maestría en Química Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas
------Universidad Nacional Católica de Córdoba: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Naturales Camino Alta Gracia Km. 7,5 (5000) CORDOBA Te: 0351 4 212210/ 4 940696 Fax: 0351 4 940786 Licenciado en Química
------Universidad Nacional de Jujuy: Av. Bolivia Nº 1239 - (4.600) S.S. de Jujuy - Argentina Tel.: 0388 4 235800, 0388 4 235385 (directo Rector) Fax: 0388 4 231373 Facultad de Ingeniería Gorriti Nº 237 - (4.600) S.S. de Jujuy -- Argentina Tel.: 0388 4 223933 - 0388 4 227359 Fax: 0388 4 231553 Ingeniería Química Profesorado de Química de Nivel Superior (Requiere título de Profesor de Química Nivel Medio) Licenciatura en Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia
------Universidad Nacional de La Plata:
Facultad de Ingenieria Departmento Ingenieria Quimica 1 esq. 47-1900 La Plata Department phone: 54 21 82-1600 Department FAX: 54 21 25-9471
Professors:
102 Barreto, Guillermo F. Cunningham, Roberto E. Farina, Italo H. Ferretti, Osmar A. Iglesias, Omar A. Martinez, Osvaldo M. Mascheroni, Rodolfo H. Pessacq, Raul A. (Head) Vilche, Jorge R. Zaritzky, Noemi E.
Assistant Professors: Bevilacqua, Alicia E. Caminos, Rolando A. Canale, Guillermo J. D.~Sorbo, C. L. Duarte, Susana I. Pereira Elsner, Cecilia I. Gervasi, Claudio A. Giner, Sergio A. Graieb, Jorge A. Grattoni, Carlos A. Mazza, German D. Navarro, Agustin F. Pesarini, Carlos E. Polito, Oscar A. Salvadori, Viviana O. Santana, Ines M. Siri, Guillerno J.
Calle 7 Nro. 776 Entre 47 y 48 (1900) La Plata - Buenos Aires Tel: 0221 4 34349/4 219423
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales: Calle 47 y 115 1900 LA PLATA Te; 0221 4 226977/79/81, 0221 4 215570 / 4 520295 Fax: 0221 4 226947 Licenciatura en Química Orientaciones: Química Orgánica, Físico Química, Química Inorgánica, Tecnología de materiales y Procesos Químicos, Tecnología de los procesos Biológicos Doctorado en Química
------Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santa Fe: Santiago del Estero 2829 (3000) Santa Fe Tel: 0342 4 536860 Fax: 0342 4 553727 Facultad de Ingeniería Química Licenciado en Química
103 Maestría en Tecnología Química Maestría en Química Maestría en Tecnología de Alimentos Maestría en Ciencia de Alimentos Doctorado en Tecnología Química Doctorado en Química
------Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata: Alberdi 2695 (7600) Mardel Plata Bs. As.Tel: 0223 4 921705 Fax: 0223 4 921704 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Licenciado en Química
------Universidad Nacional de Rosario Avenida Pellegrini 250 - (2000) Rosario. Santa Fé Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Licenciatura en Química Profesorado en Química Instituto Politécnico Superior General San Martín Departamento de Química
------Universidad de Nacional de Salta Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Licenciado en Química
------Universidad Nacional de San Luis Av. Ejército de los Andes 950 (5700) San Luis Tel: 03652 4 26744/46/47 Interno 293 - Fax: 03652 4 30224 Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Licenciatura en Química Profesorado en Química
------Universidad Nacional del Sur: Av. Colón 80 (8000) Bahía Blanca Tel. y Fax: 0291 4 552542 E-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Química e Ingeniería Química Lic. en Química Lic. en Ingeniería Química Maestría en Química Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (PROMAT) Doctorado en Química Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (PROMAT)
------Universidad del Salvador (Privada):
104 Viamonte 1846 (1056) Capital Federal Tel: 01 811-2270 Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Licenciado en Ciencias Químicas
------Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero: Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria Avenida Belgrano 1912 4200 SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO Te: 0385 4 221322/ 4 224547 Fax: 085 22-2595 Licenciado en Química
------Universidad de Morón: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales Cabildo 134 (1708) MORON Te: 011 4 483-1023 (Int.180-181) Fax: 011 4 6278551 Licenciado en Ciencias Químicas
------Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Estafeta Postal N° 9 (5800 ) RIO CUARTO Te: 0358 4 676221/23 Fax: 0358 4 677224/ 4 676224 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Química y Naturales Licenciado en Química
------Universidad Nacional de Catamarca: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Av. Belgrano 300 (4700) SAN FERNANDO DEL VALLE DE CATAMARCA Te: 03833 4 20900 Fax: 03833 4 35094 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Licenciado en Química.
------Universidad Nacional de La Pampa: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Avenida Uruguay y Perú 151 (6300) SANTA ROSA - LA PAMPA- Te: 02954 4 22026/4 25166 Fax: 02954 4 32679 Licenciado en Química. Orient. Agrícola
------Universidad del Nordeste: Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura 9 de Julio N° 1449 (3400) CORRIENTES Te: 03783 4 24638/4 23126 Fax: 03783 4 23968 Licenciado en Química
------Universidad Pontificia Católica Argentina:
105 Facultad de Química Juan Rogelio Bacón Mendoza 4197 2000 ROSARIO- SANTA FE- Te: 0341 4 380853/4 304844 Licenciado en Química
------Universidad Juan Agustín Mazza: Facultad de Ingeniería Av.Acceso Oeste Lateral Sur 2245. Barrio San José de Guaymallén (5519) MENDOZA Telefax: 0261 4 317088 Licenciado en Química Industrial
------Universidad Nacional de Tucumán: Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia Ayacucho 491 (4000) TUCUMAN Te: 0381 4 310122 int.365 Fax: 0381 4 311462 y 4 311486 Licenciado en Química
106 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies - Argentina (Source: ACS/IAO; RELAQ) Argentine Association of Chemical Engineers (Asociación Argentina de Ingineria Química) Av. Belgrano 485 Piso 1° 1092 Buenos Aires Telephone: 54. 1. 331. 3955 / 34. 7666 Fax: 54. 1. 331. 5477
Biochemical Association of Argentina (Asociación Bioquímica Argentina) (30.viii.1995) (wl95) Venezuela 1823 1096 Buenos Aires Telephone: 54.1. 38-2907 Established 1934
Argentine Society of Biochemical Research and Molecular Biology (Sociedad Argentinas de Investigación Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular) (09.vii.1997 ; iubmb www) President: Dr. Ricado Boland Secretary: Dr. Marta Hallok Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeneria Genetica y Biologia Molecular SAIB Vuelta de Obligado 2490 1428 Buenos Aires Telephone: 54. 1. 784 5516 / 54. 1. 783 2871 Fax: 54. 1. 786 8578
Chemical Association of Argentina (Asociación Química Argentina) (3.ii.1999) (wl98/sl/iupac www) Sánchez de Bustamante 1749 1425 Buenos Aires Telephone & fax: 54.11. 4822. 4866 E-mail: [email protected] Established 1912 (5000) President: Dr. Ernesto Castro Executive Secretary: Dr. Eduardo Bottani Journals: Anales de la Asociacion Quimica Argentina/Industria y Quimica
National Committee of Catalysis (Comite Nacional de Catalisis) (CONACA) (acsbks) Calle 47, No. 257 1900 La Plata
107 Physical Chemistry Association of Argentina (crf96) Diag. 113 y 64 INIFTA La Plata 1900 Sociedad Argentina de Investigadores en Química Organica SAIQO) (crf96) Avenida Santa Fe 1145 Buenos Aires
108 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Argentina (Source, World of Learning, 1996)
Academia Argentina de Ciencias de la Empresa Dirección: Lima 717 (1073) Cap. Fed. Tel: 4372-5454 Fax: 4383-4309
Academia Argentina de Ciencias del Ambiente Dirección: Av. Angel Gallardo 470 (1405) Cap. Fed. Tel:4824-0307 4743-5473
Academia Argentina de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dirección: Junín 956 (1113) Cap. Fed. Tel:4961-7111 4961-6133
Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinaria Dirección: Av. Alvear 1711 2º piso (1014) Cap. Fed. Tel: 4811-1657 Fax: 4811-3066
Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Buenos Aires Dirección: Av. Alvear 1711 3º piso (1014) Cap. Fed. Tel: 4811-1657 Fax: 4811-3066
Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Córdoba Dirección: Av. Velez Sarsfield 229 (5000) Córdoba Tel: (03 51) 4332089 Fax: (03 51) 4216350
Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Dirección: Av. Alvear 1711 4º piso (1014) Cap. Fed. Tel: 4811-2998,4 815-9451 Fax: 4811-6951 e-mail: : [email protected] http://www.ancefn.org.ar
Academia Nacional de Ingeniería Dirección: Av. Quintana 585 3º piso (1129) Cap. Fed. Tel: 4807-1137 Fax: 4807-0671 E-mail: [email protected]
109 Chemically Related Research - Argentina (Source: SECyT, 1999) Highlights ♦ Total R&D spending for Argentina as US$1.47 billion or .45% ofGDP. ♦ R&D personnel in Argentina number 43,200 – twenty percent are employed in industry; ♦ Under the Ministry of Education there is a Secretaria de Ciencias y Tecnica. One of its sub- agencies is CONICET; most of CONICET's funding goes to the numerous research institutes in Argentina (such as INIFTA) so little is left for individual grants. ♦ The other subagency of SCT is ANPCYT (Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica). ANPCYT is turn has two subagencies. ♦ One is FONCYT or Fund for S&T which supports basic and applied research. It is essentially the Ministry of Education's granting agency (and is, apparently, better able to make individual grants than CONICET). ♦ The other is FONTAR Fund for Technology (the equivalent of Chile's FONDEF). It funds innovation and technology modernization within the private sector and is well-funded and furthers academic-industrial collaboration. Research Centers – Argentina
CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA INDUSTRIA QUIMICO-FARMACEUTICA ARGENTINA Tel/Fax 4312-0137/0153 e-mail [email protected]
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial CEFIS Parque Tecnologico Miguelete Av. Gral Paz entre Albarellos y Constituyentes - San Martin C.C. 157 - 1650 - Buenos Aires Phone: (541)753-5749 / (541)755-6102 Fax: (541)753-5749 [email protected]
Universidad de Buenos Aires
PINMATE
Norma Elvira Amadeo Catalytic reactors
Miguel Angel Laborde Catalytic reactors
Universidad Nacional de la Plata
110 CINDECA
Guillermo F. Barreto, Chemical Reactor modeling & simulation, Chemical kinetics
Noemí Mirta Blanco Fine chemistry, Catalytic reactors
Carmen Victoria Caceres Fine chemistry, Heterogeneous catalysis
Osmar Alberto Ferretti Chemical reactor modeling & simulation
María Gloria González Catalytic reactors, Heterogeneous catalysis, Environmental catalysis
Luis R. Pizzio Fine chemistry
Esther Ponzi Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalyst preparation
Horacio Thomas Fine Chemistry, Catalyst preparation
Patricia Vázquez Fine chemistry
Avedis Yeramian Chemical kinetics, Catalytic reactors
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
INTEMA
Rosita Fenoglio Environmental catalysis, Catalyst preparation
Universidad Nacional de Salta
INIQUI
Acosta, Delicia Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalytic reactors
111 Sofia Colque Catalyst preparation, Heterogeneous catalysis
Monica Farfan Catalyst Preparation, Catalyst characterization
Elio Gonzo Catalytic reactors, Chemical reactor modelling & simulation
Universidad Nacional de San Luis
INTEQUI
Norma Elvira Abello Catalyst preparation, Catalyst characterization, Chemical kinetics
Luis Arrua Catalytic reactors, Catalyst characterization
Luis Cadus Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalyst characterization
Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Institute of Research on Catalysis and Petrochemistry - INCAPE
Carlos Apesteguia Environmental catalysis, Fine chemistry, Catalytic reactors, Chemical kinetics
Borgna, Armando Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalyst characterization)
Castro, Alberto Antonio Fine chemistry, Catalytic reactors, Chemical kinetics)
Di Cosimo, Juana Isabel Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalyst preparation, Catalytic reactors, Chemical kinetics)
Figoli, Nora Heterogeneous catalysis)
Garetto, Teresita Environmental catalysis, Catalytic reactors)
L'Argentière, Pablo Cesar
112 Catalyst preparation)
Lombardo, Eduardo A. Heterogeneous catalysis, Environmental catalysis, Catalyst characterization)
Marchi, Alberto Heterogeneous catalysis, Fine chemistry
Miro, Eduardo Catalytic reactors, Environmental catalysis
Parera, José Miguel Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalytic reactors, Chemical kinetics
Petunchi, Juan Omar Catalytic reactors, Environmental catalysis
Querini, Carlos Catalytic reactors, Environmental catalysis
Scelsa, Osvaldo Fine chemistry, Catalyst preparation, Catalytic reactors
Sedran, Ulises Catalytic reactors, Chemical reactors modeling & simulation
Ulla, María Alicia Heterogeneous catalysis, Environmental catalysis, Catalyst characterization
Universidad Nacional del Sur
PLAPIQUI
Damiani, Daniel E. Homogeneous catalysis, Environmental catalysis, Catalyst preparation
Gigola, Carlos E. Heterogeneous catalysis, Environmental catalysis, Catalyst preparation
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - FRC
CITeQ
Anunziata, Oscar Chemical kinetics, Catalyst preparation
113 Herrero, Eduardo Renato Fine chemistry, Heterogeneous catalysis
Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas (CADIC) CC 92, 9410 Ushuaia Teirra del Fuego tel: 964.923010
Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y de Principios Naturales (CEFAPRIN) Obligado 2490 1428 Buenos Aires
Centro de Estudios Fotosinteticos y Bioquimicos (CEFOBI) Suipacha 531 Rosario, Santa Fe tel: 31480 Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Tecnologia de Pinturas (CIDEPINT) Calle 52 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires
Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Procesos Cataliticos (CINDECA) Calle 47 N, #257 La Plata, Buenos Aires
Centro de Tecnologia en Recursos Minerales y Ceramica (CETMIC) Camino Cementario y 506 1897 Gonnet, Buenos Aires
Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnologico para La Industria Quimica (INTEC) Guemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe
Instituto de Investigacion de Productos Naturales y de Sintesis Organica (IPNAYS) Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe
Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas (INIBIB) Camino Vecinal La Carrindanga, KM 7, CC 857 8000 Bahia Blanca tel: 91.31342
Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacoligas (ININFA) Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires tel: 961.6784
114 Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial (INTI) Centro de Investigacion sobre Contiminacion por Oxido de Etileno Av Leandro N. Alem 1067 1101 Buenos Aires tel: 313.3013; fax: 313.2130
Centro Argentino de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CAICYT) Moreno 431 1091 Buenos Aires tel: 34.1777
Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Junto 2859, CC 555 3000 Santa Fe tel: 42.23843; fax: 42.556147
Labs
MICROQUIM S.A. Director Técnico: Dr. Alejandro Bosotto Girardot 1689 (1427) Ciudad de Buenos Aires (011) 4554-1451/7860 Certificación realizada: Análisis físico, químicos y microbiológicos de productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos, alimentos, elementos de tecnología médica, productos agroquímicos, aguas, efluentes, suelos biológicos y de ecotoxicología.
LABORATORIO ASENJO S.R.L Director Técnico: Lic. Héctor O. Asenjo Avda. Julio A. Roca 543. (1686) Hurlingham. Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (011) 4665-9039/0164 Certificación realizada: Análisis físico, químicos y microbiológicos de alimentos aguas. Aguas de calderas. Efluentes líquidos, barros residuales. Metalurgia, minerales, petróleos, elastómeros, galvanoplastía. Ensayos biológicos.
A.B.S QUALITY S.R.L Directora Técnica: Dra. María Fabeiro Monte 6048. (1440) Ciudad de Buenos Aires. (011) 4687-9011/4106 Certificación realizada: Análisis físico, químicos y microbiológicos de alimentos, aguas y efluentes. Análisis espectrofotométricos de metales, por chispa y plasma. Ensayos físicos de tracción, metagráficos. Metrología. Resistencia de materiales en cámaras climáticas. Ensayos y análisis de plásticos, gomas, textiles, papeles, combustibles, grasas minerales, lubricantes. Controles ambientales (aguas, efluentes y barros).
115 ALIMENTARIA SAN MARTIN S.R.L Director Técnico: Ing. en Alimentos Mario Ismach Avda. San Martín 888. (1850) San Martín. Pcia. de Buenos Aires (011) 4755-2049/ 4753-1928 Certificación realizada: Análisis físico, químicos y microbiológicos de alimentos, aguas, efluentes industriales afines. Agentes de limpieza, conservantes, elementos de embalaje para la industria alimentaria. Análisis de combustible líquidos para dichas industria.
FOOD CONTROL S.A. Director Técnico: Dr. Ricardo Sobol Santiago del Estero 1154. (1075) Ciudad de Buenos Aires. (011) 4304-4141/ 4306-3663 Certificación realizada: Análisis de alimentos y bebidas en sus distintos aspectos (físico, químico y microbiológico, materias primas, productos intermedios hasta la evaluación sanitaria y auditorias de locales, personas y procesos involucrados en la elaboración de alimentos. Agua y efluentes. Interlaboratorios a nivel internacional de distintos tipos de nuestras (Vitamina A en alimentos secos, distintos cátiones en aguas, antioxidantes en aceites comestibles).
SEMAT Director Técnico: Dra. Cristina Tagliacozzo Alsina 1144. (1702) Ciudadela. Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (011) 4657-7222 Certificación realizada: Análisis químicos y metalográficos de metales ferrosos y no ferrosos, ensayos mecánicos y físicos sobre metales. Espesores, cámara climática, combustible, lubricantes, plastómeros, pinturas. Area ambiental: compuestos orgánicos volátiles y barros.
CROMAQUIM S.R.L Director Técnico: Dr. Víctor D. Szewczuk. República Argentina 2815. (1822) Valentín Alsina. Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (011) 4228-5706 Certificación realizada: Area Medio Ambiente: Análisis de aguas, efluentes líquidos, suelos, barros, emisiones gaseosas y de ambientes laborales (Normas EPA-NIOSH-OSHA) (Absorción Atómica-GC-HPLC con HEAD SPACE-IR). Area Farmacéutica: según normas F.A.-USP-NF-BF EUROPEA. Area bromatológica: según normas C.A.A-A.O.A.C. Area microbiológica: controles higiénicos, microbiológicos y de esterilidad.
TECNO FOOD Director Técnico: Dr. Daniel Rossotti Segurola 423. (1407) Ciudad de Buenos Aires. (011) 4672-3338 Certificación realizada:
116 Laboratorio de análisis y ensayos bromatológicos, fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de alimentos.
LABORATORIO DE MICROBIOLOGIA DR. MIGNONE Director Técnico: Dr. Marcelo Mignone Av. Rivadavia 18451 piso 8 Dto. A (1708) Morón. Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (011) 4483-3044 Certificación realizada: Análisis microbiológicos de aguas, alimentos, cosméticos, combustibles, lubricantes, efluentes líquidos, detergentes, desinfectantes, plásticos, adhesivos, pinturas y aguas de torres de enfriamiento.
LABORATORIOS I.A.C.A. Director técnico: Dr. Roberto O. Gentilli Av. San Martín 65 local 105 Galería Plaza.. (8000) Bahía Blanca. Pcia. de Buenos Aires (0291) 455-8558 Certificación realizada: Area analítica: Aguas - Aire - Alimentos - Barros - Cosméticos - Efluentes Industriales – Emisiones Gaseosas - Fertilizantes - Materias Primas - Productos agropecuarios - Productos químicos -Residuos sólidos - Suelos.
INDUSER Director Técnico: Dr. Alejandro Eiroa Caseros 1609 . (1832) Lomas de Zamora. Pcia. de Buenos Aires (011) 4283-1555 Certificación realizada: Análisis de suelos, Residuos sólidos, Análisis de agua y efluentes líquidos, Microbiología de agua, Calidad de aire laboral, Emisiones gaseosas (Normas EPA-NIOSH-OSHA-ASTM) (Determinaciones por Absorción Atómica y Cromatografía Gaseosa).
ESTUDIO Y LABORATORIO DE ANALISIS INDUSTRILES Director Técnico: Dra. María A. Bartucci de Hickethier Montesquiu 428. (1437) Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
(011) 4942-9511 Certificación realizada: Aguas Efluentes, Barros, Suelos y residuos sólidos. Tensioactivos y Coadyuvantes, Solventes, Subproductos Agropecuarios, Averías, Productos orgánicos e inorgánicos, (CG-Absorción Atómica), Productos para matafuegos según Norma Iram.
LABORATORIO WORK - LAB S.A. Director Técnico: Dr. Guillermo H. Maiaru Solís 550. (1078) Ciudad de Buenos Aires. (011) 4384- 7124 Certificación realizada:
117 Análisis fisicoquímico y microbiológico de agua, Efluentes, Barros. Componentes tóxicos (Metales, Cianuros. Por Absorción Atómica-CG) Drogas de abuso: Cocaína, Heroína, Anfetaminas, marihuana, Barbitúricos, Benzodiacepinas, Anticonvulsionantes.
ECO - SUPPLIER S.A. Director Técnico: Dr. Silvio A. Ferraro Independencia 584. (1629) Pilar.Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (02322) 4-31400 Certificación realizada: Análisis fisicoquímico y microbiológico de aguas y efluentes. Estudio y control de Plantas de tratamiento de efluentes.
PROANALISIS S.A. Director Técnico: Lic. Ricardo Petersen Angel J. Carranza 1947. (1414) Ciudad de Buenos Aires (011) 4777-6333 Certificación realizada: Análisis de Medio Ambiente: Calidad de Aire, Emisiones Gaseosas, Análisis de aguas, Efluentes, barros, Suelos y Residuos Sólidos. Higiene y Seguridad: Ruido, Iluminación, Carga térmica, Emisión de Gases y Polvos. Análisis físicoquímico y microbiológico de Alimentos, Productos Farmacéuticos, Aguas, Fertilizantes y Agroquímicos. Cromatografía gaseosa: CG-E de Masas, H.P.L.C., Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica, Espectrometría UV-Visible, T.Q.C., Fotometría de llama y radioinmunoanálisis, para el análisis de: Residuos de Agroquímicos, Productos Veterinarios y contaminantes en Alimentos, Aguas y Efluentes. Principio Activo de Productos Veterinarios y Farmacéuticos.
LABORATORIO AMERICANO Directora Técnica: Lic. Silvana G. Barcia Avda. Pellegrini 2732. (2000) Rosario. Pcia. Santa Fe (0341) 4473333 Certificación realizada: Análisis físico y microbiológico de aguas - Alimentos. Efluentes líquidos. Informes nutricionales
LABORATORIO DE BROMATOLOGIA DRA. MAUCO - DR. PEREZ CAMBET Directora Técnica: Dra. María Mauco Mitre 785. (7000) Tandil. Pcia. Buenos Aires. (02293) 426028 Certificación realizada: Análisis físico y microbiológico de aguas. Alimentos. Efluentes líquidos.
LABORATORIO DR. MONTANI Director Técnico: Dr. Juan Carlos Eloy Montani G. Rodriguez 922. (7000) Tandil. Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (02293) 443430 Certificación realizada:
118 Análisis físico y microbiológico de aguas efluentes líquidos. Sólidos. Barros sedimentables.
MERCOTEC ARGENTINA Director Técnico: Lic. Héctor J. Ituarte H. Cortés 104.(1872) Avellaneda. Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (011) 4204-3477 Certificación realizada: Análisis físicoquímico de aguas Efluentes líquidos, sólidos y semisólidos - Suelos - Barros – Medio Ambiente - Emisiones gaseosas (Normas EPA-NIOSH-OSHA-ASTM).
LABORATORIO DEL DR. BERTELLO Rivadavia 195 1º A (1642) San Isidro. Pcia. de Buenos Aires (011) 4747-6025/4743-5473
LABORATORIO DE ANALISIS DE AGUAS COOP. ELECTRICA DE AZUL LTDA. San Carlos y 6 (7300) Azul Pcia. de Buenos Aires. (02281) 431-600/602
ORGANOMETALLIC RESEARCH CENTRES IN ARGENTINA (source: http://www.scc.um.es)
EA Ruveda, Unr, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Conicet, Inst Quim Organ Sintesis, Casilla Correo 991, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina
JC Podesta, Univ NaCl sur, Dept Quim & Ingn Quim, Inst Invest Quim Organ, Avda Alem 1253, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina
119 ACS Member Characteristics – Argentina (Source: ACS Info Central, 1999)
ACS Members in Argentina - Interests Areas
Agriculture and Food Physical Analytical Agriculture and Food 8% Biochemistry 13% Polymers/Plastics Biotechnology 5% Chemical Education Analytical Pharmaceutical/Med Colloids and Surfaces 9% 12% Computing/Molecular Modeling Biochemistry Energy/Fuels Organic 12% Environmental 12% Biotechnology Inorganic 5% Marketing/Sales/Business Materials Materials Chemical Education 4% 3% Organic Colloids and Surfaces Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Mketing/Sales/Bus 3% 3% Polymers/Plastics Physical
Inorganic Energy/Fuels Computing/Molecular 4% Environmental 1% Modeling 3% 3%
120 Compiled ACS Member Questionnaire Results - Argentina
1) In which sector are you employed? (Please select one item)
Industry: 3 Higher Education: 9 Professional and/or Trade Association: 1 Government: 1 Other: 1 Research and development
2) Do you and/or your colleagues participate in any professional scientific activities involving Chemically Related industry / higher education collaboration? Yes: 9 No: 5 NA: 1
3) If your answer to Item #2 is Yes, are you personally involved in the activity? Yes: 6 No: 7 NA: 2
If yes, please specify: Investigating the chemical degradation of herbicides** We offer training courses both to San Martin University and to groups of members from trade Associations and Enterprises. I am the person who organises the course, and I also teach some subjects.
4) Are your colleagues involved? Yes: 9 No: 4 NA: 2
5) What type of industry is involved in the collaboration?
Energy: 0 Agricultural Chemicals: 4 Basic Chemical Production: 2 Polymers: 4 Fine Chemicals: 1 Metals: 1
121 Rubber: 0 Other: 6 Please specify: Ferrolectric Films** environmental problems** Ethanol producers and citrus essential oils and juices** Pharmaceutical Products, Oils. NA: 2
6) What companies are participating in the collaboration?
Several small and medium size processing industries Plásticos Bernabó** Panex. S. A. (metals)** -YPF (main petroleum and petrochemical industry). Just beginning.-Small agrochemical companies -Pharmaceutical companies** Ipesa S.A.** Mostly local companies** Ph. Dr. Hector E. Di Loreto, who is working in synthesis of agrochemicals in IPESA S. A. - Production of agrochemicals, collaborate with me in basic investigation of kinetics and mechanism of chemical degradation of herbicides** Asociación Química Argentina,Cámara Arg. de la Industria del Aluminio y Metales Afines Cámara Arg. de Proveedores de la Industria Farmacéutica Alimentaria y Cosmética, Cámara de la Industria de Procesos de la Rep. Arg. Cámara de la Indsutria Química y Petroquímica** Cía. Química Suttley Arg. .R.L.,COOPERALA,PC- GEN,ICI Argentina,Imextrade S.A.,IPA Argentina, Laboratorio Pablo Cassará S.R.L,Pantoquimica S.A.I.C., Sherwin Williams Arg. Unifarma S.A. ,YPF S.A. ,Indupa S.A. Dow Química Arg. ,Petroquímica Cuyo Laboratorio Kampel Martian S.A.
7) Where is the industrial site or laboratory located? Location of the Laboratory: INTEMA, University of Mar del Plata, Argentina, e-mail: [email protected] Location of the industries: Most of them in Provincia de Buenos Aires** YPF is in La Plata (around 60 km) from BsAs. Other are in Bs.As. or near sorroundings** Zárate, Argentina** Tucuman Province, Argentina
8) What type of activity is carried out in the collaboration?
Basic Research: 2 Faculty Visits: 2 Student Visits: 1 Consulting: 4 Contract Research: 6 Quality Control: 6 Environmental Monitoring: 3 Other: Please Specify: 0 NA: 2
122
9) What do you feel are the characteristics of a successful university / industry collaboration in Argentina?
The money contribution of the company and the technology transfer of our laboratories to it** It is absolutely necessary to have a counterpart in the industry with a university degree** in many cases one has to discuss problems with technicians. When the counterpart has a PhD degree and knows the research group, the cooperation works very well** I think that the university/industry collaboration in Argentina is almost non existing, excepting for some consulting** Personnel in each place should get more involved** I think that a collaboration university/Industry in Argentina has very strong opportunities to be successful. There are no many because there is poor communication between University and industry. And I think that there are not many companies who actually do R&D in Argentine, most of the work comes already done from outside, speaking about international Companies** or in the case of National Companies they buy the "know how from outside" or they perform it "in-house" to avoid the fear concerning to confidentiality** Aplicar todo el potencial científico a la solución concreta de problemas que afectan a la comunidad. Por ejemplo: Mal de Chagas,diarrea infantil, contaminación ambiental** Higher knowledge of target matter and also a relative cheap service** Rarely successful, university work is concerned frequently with basic research not related to industry** Cooperation and Development agreements** I feel that the major improvement was the one that came out from applying the Argentinian Technological innovation law, that changed the relationship University-industry This Law allows the researchers involved in a collaboration program to get extra pay for that work, that was a great incentive for our professionals. ** I think that there are administrative problems which delay such collaborations, and the confidentiality big issue **
10) What facilitates development of such collaborations?
The technological development of our country ** A successful beginning with quality controls is usually the basis of future contracts for development **work ** Personal contact ** None, as far as I know. ** To know each other. Visits of Faculties and graduate students to the plants. Know about industry real problems. Some supplementary salary for the university personnel. Good management. Industry should put some money for undergraduate and graduate research, under contracts. ** I think collaborations can be successfully carried on if there is a strong intention from the Companies to do them. Moreover, may be the University should show to the Companies what can they do. ** Como no hay una estrategia global de colaboración cada caso particular tiene características propias. En algunos casos solo la buena voluntad de ambos sectores es la que permite llevar a cabo tal colaboración. ** Improvement of certain intermediate syntheses ** When the research activities and the laboratory techniques used in the university are well known in industry. ** More contacts between university research centers and industry. Less pressure on researchers to publish, to give them time to study the problems related to industry. **
123 Governmental laws ** The progressive use of applied research in enterprises and Trade Associations.
11) What hinders or is problematic for development of such collaborations?
Fundamentally the money contribution from the place industries. ** from the academic side problems begin when answers are not provided at due time. In a cooperation with the industry, time is the most important variable ** Poor interaction between University/Industry ** The most important industries are from industrilized countries, so that research and development is made in the faciliites they have in their own countries. Small o medium size industries do not seem to be interested in any collaboration, mainly because they are more concerned with financial problems rather than thinking in imprveing their products or procedures. One main problem is that industries employ chemists at the level of technician. They don't seem to need PhDs. ** A long history of mutual isolation. It depends on the magnitude of the industry. Probably small and medium enterprises are realizing it could be cheaper to look for local agreements. But not all the Universities are prepared for giving such an aid. Probably Buenos Aires is. Personal contacts are crucial. Big industries of foreign origin seem to deal with technological problems by relating to their main associated firm, although probably they do need good local personnel for quality control problems. ** No existen inversiones a largo plazo en Investigación y Desarrollo (R&D). No existen facilidades impositivas para quien invierta en R&D. Existen muchísimas trabas burocráticas. No es bien conocido el potencial humano y tecnológico de nuestras Universidades por la mayoría de quienes podrían invertir en tales colaboraciones ** Times in University are not the same than Industry (slighty slower)** Academic career goals are overestimated by the research workers. On the other hand the incentives offered by industry are scarce or insufficient. The industry has little confidence in the possibilities of rapid solutions of its problems via the universities. University research facilities are frequently obsolete. The universities are also tied up by bureaucratic procedures and chronic lack of financial support ** a)Industrial interest for self developmental projects b) Institutional decisions ** The economical situation of our country, due to which both the enterprises and Trade Associations cannot spend their money on research, development and training.
12) What, in your opinion, would improve the quality and sustainability of university / industry collaborations, and have you encountered or do you expect to encounter issues of intellectual property - how can this, too be improved?
Again, here, it is necessary to say that the important part in this relationship is the economic one. The intellectual property improved with an attractive politic for both parts ** In a country like Argentina collaborations will surely improve when PhD graduates make their way into the industry** most of them remain in the academic sector or go abroad. Of course, in some areas (like in biotechnology) one can also push researchers to create their own enterprises ** 1 - The industrialists have to be aware that the university research is not "free", they have to put money. 2 - The reserchers to be aware that the industrialists look for "concrete ideas" for sucesseful project with definite ending time. 3 - The national authorities must to promote rather specific
124 project industrial-research together than big forum for the bureaucracy. ** Medium and large industries need to incorporate PhDs to their tehcnical staff. They will be the link with universities, becasue there is the knowledge they have got. ** Some advise related to specific techniques in quality control is being done, for different medium industries (pharmaceutical, agrochemicals and so on). This offers no problems of intellectual property. This could occur with development contracts, I have no experience on that. ** I think this is a deep point. I do not really know what is the University actually doing to promote collaborations. To answer this question I should be better informed. ** Por supuesto que una mejor situación economica daría mas tranquilidad a nuestros empresarios. Para comenzar una colaboración permanente hace falta confianza entre ambos sectores. Tambien sería necesario que ciertos niveles académicos no vieran al trabajo en la Industria como una actividad de segunda clase. Existen serios problemas en general con legislación sobre propiedad intelectual y patentes. ** Researchers at University are dedicated mainly to "papers" production resulting "neccesary branch"of our activity the collaborative words in order to get a lot of money. ** The outline of the university models to be much more scientific - technical. The industry can possibly, identify and stimulate selected research centers capable to contribute to the specific industrial activities. ** University promotion of these collaborations. So far University did not promote collaboration with Industry. Hence, contacts occur at personal level between researcher – Industry ** With educational programmes, on issues of intellectual property and industry property. **
13) Which particular university / industry collaborations would you identify as outstanding? If at all possible, please provide contact name, position, company, address, telephone, fax, email and www address.
The university/industry with a lot of communication and mutual collaboration. Each one contributing to make the best. ** That depends according to areas and regions, it may be in the biotechnology field is outstanding ** There seems to be a succesful cooperation between a dairy enterprise(Company name: Sancor) and some biochemists at the University of Tucuman. ** I am just aware of one Electrochemical project between Industry and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UBA. In the University told me that there is a new collaboration coming soon in corrosion with YPF ( Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales). ** Conozco un caso muy importante. Desarrollo de leche con microorganismos que ayudan a prevenir y curar la diarrea infantil crónica. CONICET(National Research Council)- Universidad de Tucumán - SanCor(Industria Lactea) ** University of Buenos Aires/several industries. University of La Plata/Ipesa S.A. ( 14) For university / industry collaborations which involve scientist, researcher, or student mobility across national borders, what skills or 125 capacities should a participant have to be successful? The scientist, researcher or student are should be very well prepared for the task that will develop and also, they should be paid according to their functions.This way assures an almost total success. ** This mobility refers mostly to consultants and of course expertise in the field is required ** I think: Excellent backgeound in basic science and applied science and reserch motivation. Its all, the other things will come with the time. ** the ability to see the problems from the industry point of view, which is not easy for academics, in Argentina. ** In addition to a good basic capability in chemistry, probably the personal qualifications should be critical. ** Creo que los graduados en Química de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, especialmente los que tienen alguna experiencia en investigación o han iniciado estudios de Doctorado (2 o mas años) estan perfectamente capacitados para desenvolverse en cualquier parte del mundo en este tipo de tareas. Salvo por el manejo de un idioma extranjero, que puede ser mas o menos dificil para cada caso particular, creo que tienen todas las cualidades para ejercer esta tipo de colaboración. ** Grey matter, well basic scientific formation and experience. ** A participant must have a good experience in laboratory work, in planning and performing experiments. ** The participant should have a wide knowledge about the subject he/she is going to study, together with computer shills and English language knowledge. ** 15) Other comments or thoughts on university / industry collaborations in Argentina? What aspects of the chemical industry sector do you see as most promising for industry / university collaboration? The Argentine indiustries are not very concerned for the investigation. This makes the universities relationship to be little. Also, The socioeconomic crisis of our country hinders this relationship and to create alternative unworried way. ** small and medium size enterprises ** The most prominisng sectors seems those related to food production:agriculture, fertilizers, pesticides, winery, cattle, dairy products, food processing, biotecnology, quality control and environment. ** Food, pharmaceutical, environment ** Argentina es un pais en desarrollo y como tal enfrenta muchos problemas. Es muy importante que los paises desarrollados miren hacia nosotros y nos ayuden a mejorar todo lo relacionado con la educación. Por otra parte debemos entender que sin una verdadera colaboración entre todos los sectores de la sociedad es imposible seguir generando conocimiento y tecnología para nuestro bienestar y el de las generaciones por venir. Creo que en un país como el nuestro está todo por hacerse. Todos los sectores de la industria pueden (y deben!) crecer y aliarse con la Universidad para crecer. Petroquímica, alimentos, medio ambiente, medicamentos, etc. son todos sectores muy promisorios que necesitan del aporte de la investigación básica y desarrollar tecnología a través del trabajo conjunto Industria / Universidad. ** Pharma- Agrochemistry mainly. ** Research in pharmacological industry/university collaboration, I think is a promising area. ** The development of the know how for local chemical industries, up to now mostly imported from more developed countries. ** Agro - alimentary Industry. It should be noted that industry in Tucuman is mainly Sugar Cane and Citrus. ** I see the environmental estudies as most promising for our country. ** Los profesionales mas interesados en este tema de Calidad provienen de industrias de alimentos y de Petroquímica. Cabe destacar que en Bahía Blanca se encuentra una planta Petroquímica muy grande, con varias empresas satélites. ** 126 Funding Organizations with Interests in Argentina Lampadia Foundation Postfach 86 FL-9490 Vaduz Liechtenstein Lampadia provides funding for Argentina through: Fundación Antorchas Calle Chile 300 1098 Buenos Aires, Argentina Tel: +54-11-4331-9905 Fax: +54-11-4331-5673 [email protected] http://www.fundantorchas.retina.ar/index.html Josef E. Oppenheimer, President 1998 Appropriations: US$5.5 million (53% education) The Fundación Antorchas is a non-profit legal entity constituted in Argentina. Its aim, as laid down in its statutes, is to promote activities that help improve the well-being of the community. To achieve this objective, Antorchas focuses on three major areas: education and scientific research; culture; and community development. The Foundation’s main function is to assist the work of other bodies and individuals. AT&T Foundation 32 Ave. of the Americas, 24th Fl. New York , NY 10013 (212) 387-4801 Purpose and Activities: Support for programs that serve the needs of people in communities where AT&T has a significant business presence around the world; for initiatives that use technology in inventive ways; for innovative programs that focus on helping people achieve self-sufficiency and lead productive lives; and programs that AT&T employees are actively involved with as contributors and/or volunteers. Assets Amount: $88,572,927 AM Total Giving: $37,849,558 Grants Amount: $36,709,657 Average Grant: 20000-100000 Matching Gifts Amount: $1,139,901 Science-Related Grantmaking Programs: Support environmental projects or initiatives, particularly in the areas of technology, education, volunteerism, sustainability and clear water. The AT&T foundation supports education programs that focus on the use of technology to enhance teaching and learning. Through the AT&T Learning Network Grants Program, as well as through invitational grants, the foundation 127 concentrates on the role of technology in education and its capacity to connect students, teachers, classrooms, institutions and communities. The program provides funding to projects which demonstrate effective and innovative uses of technology in supporting families, schools, and communities to accomplish the following: 1) Encourage family involvement in education; 2) Provide professional development opportunities for educators and assist in the preparation of future teachers; and 3) Develop and implement plans to promote lifelong learning and community collaboration. Special consideration will be given to: 1) Projects that involve collaboration among families, schools, colleges, universities, educational organizations, and/or community-based organizations; and 2) Schools, institutions, organizations, and projects located in areas where AT&T has large concentrations of employees and business operations. To apply, submit a brief letter of introduction and description of the project to the appropriate AT&T Regional Contributions Manager. Regional Contributions Managers will determine eligibility for AT&T Foundation consideration. The foundation will then invite full proposals and applications from projects of interest. In addition to the AT&T Learning Network Grants Program, the foundation also identifies national organizations, programs and/or projects of particular interest, and invites proposals for consideration. Through this initiative, the foundation supports projects that address issues of technology in public policy; systemic education reform; academic standards, assessment and accountability; and access to educational opportunities by all segments of society. ** Matching Gift Program: The purpose of the matching gift program is to encourage employees, both active and retired, to support their communites by stimulating and magnifying their gifts to eligible nonprofit organizations. The progam offers employees, retirees and members of the AT&T Board of Directors an opportunity to join in the foundation's support of higher education and arts and culture by providing a dollar-for-dollar match of employees' donations. The process for matching gifts is simple. All employees need to do to register a gift for matching is make one telephone call, no forms are necessary (if you are a U.S.- or Canada- based AT&T employee and would like to register a gift of $25 or more or receive additional information about the program, please call 800-424-6030). Geographic Limitation: Giving on a national and international basis including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Spain, Russia, and United Kingdom. Program Limitations: No support for religious organizations for sectarian purposes, political campaigns, local chapters of national organizations, social sciences or health sciences programs, medical or nursing schools, or junior and community colleges, industrial affiliate programs or technical trade associations, medical research projects, disease-related health associations other than AIDS-related programs, operating expenses or capital campaigns of local health or human service agencies other than hospitals, or sports teams, or sports-related activities. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for capital development, endowments, deficit financing, construction or renovation, or land acquisition; does not purchase advertisements and sponsorships or donate equipment. Publications: Biennial report (BR); Informational brochure (IB) Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustees:* Richard J. Martin*, Chair.; Esther Silver-Parker*, Pres.; Marilyn Reznick, V.P., Education Prog.; Suzanne Sato, V.P., Arts and Culture Prog.; Mitzi Vaimberg, V.P., Civic and Community Svc. Prog.; Vivian Nero, Secy.; Robert E. Angelica, Treas.; Timothy J. McClimon, Exec. Dir.; Harold W. Burlingame; R. Steven Davis; John C. Guerra, Jr.; William H. Oliver; Maureen B. Tart 128 Staff: 16 Application Information: First obtain guidelines by written request. Detailed program limitations and addresses of regional Contributions Managers provided in guidelines. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter (no more than 3 pages). Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Monthly. Final notification: None. Write: Ronald Dabney, Comm. Mgr. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Annual campaigns; Emergency funds; Program development; Fellowship funds; Technical assistance; Consulting services; Employee matching gifts; Matching/challenge support; Arts, alliance; Arts, multipurpose centers/programs; Arts, cultural/ethnic awareness; Arts councils; Media/communications; Visual arts; Museums; Performing arts; Performing arts centers; Dance; Music; Arts, services; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Teacher school/education; Engineering school/education; Continuing education/lifelong learning; Libraries/library science; Education, Community/cooperative; Natural resource conservation & protection; Wildlife preservation & protection; Medical care, rehabilitation; Public health; Health care; Mental health/crisis services; AIDS; Safety/disasters, volunteer services; Disasters, preparedness & services; Youth development; Human services; Women, centers & services; International exchange; International affairs; Civil rights; Economic development; Community development; Philanthropy/voluntarism; Science; Public affairs; Canada; France; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Germany; Russia; Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; India; China; Korea; Japan; Australia; Arts education; Arts/cultural programs; Community development, volunteer services; Business & industry; Children & youth, services; Family services; Education, PTA groups; Education; Science; Mathematics; Engineering DuPont Corporate Contributions Program c/o Ext. Affairs Dept., DuPont and Co. 9541 Nemours Bldg. Wilmington , DE 19898 (302) 774-2036 Purpose and Activities: DuPont's Contributions Program is committed to improving the quality of life and enhancing the vitality of communities in which the company has a major business presence. Its mission is to integrate such activities on a global scale with DuPont's overall goals and objectives. All contributions, therefore, must serve to maintain institutions and services which impact DuPont and its employees, the local community, and society in general. This includes programs which address special company interests or areas of expertise, organizations that provide resources and information upon which the company depends, nonprofit organizations whose functions are important to the company and society, programs which contribute to the well-being of employees as well as their community, and volunteer efforts. Main areas of support are education and the environment. In addition, DuPont provides considerable support to the arts, health and human services organizations, and community and civic activities in communities where substantial company operations are located. The Committee on Contributions and Memberships is responsible for K-12 educational monetary donations and business memberships. Individual business units with locations throughout the world support programs relevant to their respective manufacturing, research, marketing, scientific, or community interests. 129 Total Giving: $46,300,000 Grants Amount: $37,000,000 Highest Grant: $1,500,000 Lowest Grant: $500 Average Grant: 500-5000 In-Kind Amount: $9,300,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Education: DuPont supports quality education at all levels. The company helps to strengthen colleges and universities that are leaders in scientific research and supply them with trained professionals and new knowledge, primarily in the physical sciences, life and health sciences, engineering and business. K-12 education and math and science programs also receive special attention. The Committee on Educational Aid distributes grants to supplement the normal budget of selected academic departments in colleges and universities. Grants for research projects, endowments, and capital expenditures are not normally considered. ** Environment: DuPont supports initiatives aimed at improving the public's understanding of important environmental issues. Programs supported generally involve collaborative efforts with government, industry and the community at all levels; address environmental solutions which are held in high value by society; have identifiable and measurable goals; and have a positive impact on DuPont's environmental commitment. ** Health and Human Services: DuPont's principal channel for contributions and volunteer help in support of its communities is the United Way in locations where the company has substantial operations and employees. Appropriate management assistance is provided to conduct effective employee campaigns. The company also provides support for hospital capital campaigns and health projects where facilities are used by employees and their families. An important consideration is whether the project will improve the quality of health care in a cost-effective manner. Other recipients include occupational medicine programs, organizations serving youth, minorities, the elderly and the handicapped, and education/prevention and research. In social welfare, the company is interested in poverty issues, the homeless, the elderly, childcare, disabled/handicapped, literacy, teen pregnancy, infant mortality, housing development, economic development, and youth, including at-risk youth. ** Minority Business: DuPont's commitment to the minority business community is formalized in the company's TEMPO (To Encourage Minority Purchasing Opportunities) program, which is dedicated to an increasingly efficient and effective working partnership with minority suppliers to create more opportunities leading to more business for both sides of the partnership. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas of company operations in U.S. and Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, and Venezuela; national and regional programs also supported. Program Limitations: No support for sectarian religious groups, fraternal organizations, veterans' groups, political organizations or campaigns, or disease-specific organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for endowments, student loans, surplus equipment, or advertising; generally no operating funds. Staff: 9 Application Information: Major regional or national organizations or programs in Wilmington, DE, write to headquarters in care of Committee on Contributions and Memberships, DuPont External Affairs; other projects should be addressed to nearest company site; most education grants are initiated by DuPont, but applications are accepted; requests for higher education grants should be sent to the Committee on Educational Aid, DuPont CR&D. Application form not required. Initial approach: Letter or proposal with cover letter; send request to headquarters or 130 nearest company facility. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): Major requests should be received by Aug. Board meeting date(s): Corporate Committee meets in May and Oct.; major grants considered at annual budget review in Oct. Final notification: For grants which are included in DuPont's contribution budget, early Jan.; other grants, shortly after committee meeting. Write: Scott Nelson, Mgr., Contribs. and Community Affairs Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Emergency funds; Program development; Seed money; Fellowship funds; Scholarship funds ; Research; Donated equipment; Donated products; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Health care; Health organizations; Housing/shelter, development; Women, centers & services; Urban/community development; Community development; Federated giving programs; Engineering & technology; Science; Economics; Public policy, research; Minorities; Women; Canada; Belgium; France; Netherlands; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Switzerland; Germany; Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela; Indonesia; Singapore; Korea; Japan; Hong Kong; Australia; New Zealand; Visual arts; Museums; Performing arts; Libraries/library science; Secondary school/education; Business school/education; Engineering school/education; Physical/earth sciences; Mathematics; Engineering; Government/public administration; Human services; Youth, services; Aging, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Voluntarism promotion; Disabled; Aging; Community development, small businesses. National Scientific and Technological Research Council Address: International Relations Tel: +54-1-9536507 Rivadavia 1917 Fax: +54-1-9534345 1033 Buenos Aires E-mail: [email protected] In-Charge: Prof. Alejandro Liotta, President Contact with WAITRO: Prof. Alejandro L. Frere, Director of Interinstitutional Relations History CONICET was founded in February 1958 for the promotion and financing of national research. It is linked with the State Secretariat for Science and Technology with a 16 member management board of directors. CONICET finances some 200 research institutes, centres and back-up laboratories. It has about 3000 researchers in the Researcher Career, 2500 support personnel, 1800 fellows in Argentina and about 200 fellows abroad. Objectives To promote the development of science and technology. To co-ordinate scientific activity and to orientate scientific research in accordance with the basic necessities and aims of the country. 131 Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Applied and basic biology, chemistry and physics, geo-sciences, medicine, techno-economic studies, industrial engineering and social sciences. Facilities and Services Scientific Documentation Center, advisory services, centralized scientific equipment services, financial support to institutes and R&D projects. Publications The CONICET Bulletin is issued six times annually. Interests in International R&D Co-operation In all areas of CONICET's activities. Available Programmes/Opportunities Seminars, workshops, etc. National Institute of Industrial Technology (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial) Address: Casilla No. 11, S 28 Tel: +54-1-7535769 1428 Buenos Aires Fax: +54-1-7535769 1033 Buenos Aires In-Charge: Contact with WAITRO: Dr. E. Grünhut, Head of International Relations History INTI is an autonomous organization within the Ministry of Industry created in 1957 by the Argentine Government to assist Argentine industry in solving the technological, training and management problems arising from its development and operation. This assistance is given to industry in the form of applied technical research, testing and investigation, courses, lectures, symposia, etc., carried out at their main laboratories or through the research centres of the INTI System. Objectives To assist industry in solving the technological, training and managerial problems arising from its development and operation. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Food technology, leather, paper and textile technologies, rubber technology, 132 metrology, materials behaviour and testing (fatigue, creep, fracture, testing, etc.) and quality control. Specialized Fields: Techno-economic studies, productivity studies, industrial engineering. Facilities and Services Basic and applied research, development, pilot plant operations, industrial implementation of research results. Publications A quarterly review and a weekly bulletin. 133 For More Information on Argentina http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ar.html CIA World Factbook - Argentina http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/argentina.html U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy's International section - Argentina http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/argentina_0199_bgn.html U.S. State Department Background Notes - Argentina HTTP://www1.usatrade.gov/ U.S. International Trade Administration, Country Commercial Guide - Argentina http://usembassy.state.gov/baires_embassy/ U.S. Embassy in Argentina http://www.tda.gov/region/latin.html U.S. Trade and Development Agency - Latin America and the Caribbean http://travel.state.gov/argentina.html U.S. State Department's Consular Information Sheet - Argentina http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/energy/argentin.html International Trade Administration, Energy Overview of Argentina http://www.embassy.org/embassies/ar.html Argentina's Embassy in Washington, DC http://www.ypf.com.ar/ Repsol-YPF http://www.mecon.gov.ar/default.htm Argentina's Ministry of Economy and Public Works http://www.latinworld.com/sur/argentina/ LatinWorld's section on Argentina http://www.natlaw.com/argentina/topical/eg/areg.htm Argentina Laws related to Energy http://www.astra-capsa.com/ ASTRA, Argentine oil and gas producer http://natlaw.com/argentina/argentin.htm National Law Center InterAm Database -- Argentina http://www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/argentina/ LANIC -- Argentina http://www.aladi.org The Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) http://www.arpel.org ARPEL, Regional Association of Oil and Natural Gas Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean http://www.secier.org.uy/ The Regional Electric Integration Commission of Latin America (CIER) http://www.latinamericangas.com/ Latin American Gas online news http://www.iea.org/stats/files/selstats/keyindic/nmc/argent.htm International Energy Agency Information on Argentina 134 http://www.latinvestor.com/economy.htm#ARGENTINA Argentine Economy Links http://www.latinvestor.com/invest.htm#ARGENTINA Argentine Investment Links http://www.all-links.com/newscentral/southamerica/argentina.html International Newspapers Online: Argentina http://www.icons.umd.edu/americas/rescent/arg.htmUniversity of Maryland Americas Research Information Center, Argentina http://www.bomchilgroup.org/argsep98.htmlAssociation of Latin America 135 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors – Brazil 136 National Overview - Brazil (source: CIA World Factbook, 2000 http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html; US Library of Congress - http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/) Location: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Geographic coordinates: 10 00 S, 55 00 W Map references: South America Area: total: 8,511,965 sq km land: 8,456,510 sq km water: 55,455 sq km note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo Area—comparative: slightly smaller than the US Land boundaries: total: 14,691 km border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km Coastline: 7,491 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber Land use: 137 arable land: 5% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 22% forests and woodland: 58% other: 14% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 28,000 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south Environment—current issues: deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities Environment—international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography—note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador People Population: 169,806,557 (July 1998 est.) note: Brazil took a census in August 1996 which showed a total of 157,079,573; this figure is about 5% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, which is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for 1991; since the full results of the census have not been released for analysis, the numbers shown for Brazil do not take into consideration the results of this 1996 census Age structure: 0-14 years: 30% (male 26,090,859; female 25,132,122) 15-64 years: 65% (male 54,199,642; female 55,769,122) 65 years and over: 5% (male 3,499,272; female 5,115,540) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 1.24% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 20.92 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 8.53 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) 138 Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 36.96 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.36 years male: 59.39 years female: 69.59 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.33 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian Ethnic groups: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1% Religions: Roman Catholic (nominal) 70% Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.3% male: 83.3% female: 83.2% (1995 est.) Government Country name: conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil conventional short form: Brazil local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil local short form: Brasil Data code: BR Government type: federal republic 139 National capital: Brasilia Administrative divisions: 26 states (estados, singular—estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal) National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822) Constitution: 5 October 1988 Legal system: based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age Executive branch: chief of state: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995); Vice President Marco MACIEL (since 1 January 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995); Vice President Marco MACIEL (since 1 January 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 4 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2002) election results: Fernando Henrique CARDOSO reelected president; percent of vote - 53% Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members from each state or federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected after a four year period, two-thirds elected after the next four-year period) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Federal Senate - last held 4 October 1998 for one-third of Senate (next to be held NA October 2002 for two-thirds of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 4 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2002) election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PMDB 27, PFL 20, PSDB 16, PT 7, PPB 5, PSB 3, PDT 2, PPS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PFL 106, PSDB 99, PMDB 82, PPB 60, PT 58, PTB 31, PDT 25, PSB 19, PL 12, PCdoB 7, other 14 Judicial branch: Supreme Federal Tribunal, 11 judges are appointed for life by the president and 140 confirmed by the Senate Political parties and leaders: Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Paes DE ANDRADE, president]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Jose JORGE, president]; Workers' Party or PT [Jose DIRCEU, president]; Brazilian Workers' Party or PTB [Rodrigues PALMA, president]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Leonel BRIZOLA, president]; Brazilian Progressive Party or PPB [Espiridiao AMIN, president]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Artur DA TAVOLA, president]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto FREIRE, president]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Joao AMAZONAS, chairman]; Liberal Party or PL [Alvaro VALLE, president] Political pressure groups and leaders: left wing of the Catholic Church, Landless Worker's Movement, and labor unions allied to leftist Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies International organization participation: AfDB, AG (observer), BIS (pending member), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIPONUH, MONUA, MTCR, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOP, UNPREDEP, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Rubens Antonio BARBOSA chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 238-2700 FAX: [1] (202) 238-2827 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and San Francisco Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Anthony S. HARRINGTON embassy: Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra 801, Lote 3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal Cep 70403-900 Brazil mailing address: Unit 3500, APO AA 34030 telephone: [55] (61) 321-7272 FAX: [55] (61) 225-9136 consulate(s) general: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo consulate(s): Recife Flag description: green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress) 141 Economy - overview: Possessing large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and is expanding its presence in world markets. In the late eighties and early nineties, high inflation hindered economic activity and investment. The Real Plan, instituted in the spring of 1994, sought to break inflationary expectations by pegging the real to the US dollar. Inflation was brought down to single digit annual figures, but not fast enough to avoid substantial real exchange rate appreciation during the transition phase of the Real Plan. This appreciation meant that Brazilian goods were now more expensive relative to goods from other countries, which contributed to large current account deficits. However, no shortage of foreign currency ensued because of the financial community's renewed interest in Brazilian markets as inflation rates stabilized and the debt crisis of the eighties faded from memory. The maintenance of large current account deficits via capital account surpluses became problematic as investors became more risk averse to emerging market exposure as a consequence of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the Russian bond default in August 1998. After crafting a fiscal adjustment program and pledging progress on structural reform, Brazil received a $41.5 billion IMF-led international support program in November 1998. In January 1999, the Brazilian Central Bank announced that the real would no longer be pegged to the US dollar. This devaluation helped moderate the downturn in economic growth in 1999 that investors had expressed concerns about over the summer of 1998. Brazil's debt to GDP ratio of 48% for 1999 beat the IMF target and helped reassure investors that Brazil will maintain tight fiscal and monetary policy even with a floating currency. GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.057 trillion (1999 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 0.8% (1999 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,150 (1999 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 14% industry: 36% services: 50% (1997) Population below poverty line: 17.4% (1990 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 47.9% (1995) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (1999) Labor force: 74 million (1997 est.) 142 Labor force - by occupation: services 42%, agriculture 31%, industry 27% Unemployment rate: 7.5% (1999 est.) Budget: revenues: $151 billion expenditures: $149 billion, including capital expenditures of $36 billion (1998) Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment Industrial production growth rate: -2.6% (1999 est.) Electricity - production: 316.927 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 4.92% hydro: 91.02% nuclear: 0.99% other: 3.07% (1998) Electricity - consumption: 336.242 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998) Electricity - imports: 41.5 billion kWh note: imports electricity from Paraguay (1998) Agriculture - products: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef Exports: $46.9 billion (f.o.b., 1999) Exports - commodities: manufactures, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee Exports - partners: US 18%, Argentina 13%, Germany 5%, Netherlands 5%, Japan 4% (1999) Imports: $48.7 billion (f.o.b., 1999) Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, electricity Imports - partners: US 23%, Argentina 12%, Germany 10%, Japan 5%, Italy 5% (1999) Debt - external: $200 billion (1999) Economic aid - recipient: $1.012 billion (1995) 143 Currency: 1 real (R$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: reals (R$) per US$1 - 1.804 (January 2000), 1.815 (1999), 1.161 (1998), 1.078 (1997), 1.005 (1996), 0.918 (1995) note: from October 1994 through 14 January 1999, the official rate was determined by a managed float; since 15 January 1999, the official rate floats independently with respect to the US$ Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones - main lines in use: 19 million (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 4 million (1997) Telephone system: good working system domestic: extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations international: 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to MERCOSUR Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station Radio broadcast stations: AM 1,365, FM 296, shortwave 161 (of which 91 are collocated with AM stations) (1999) Radios: 71 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 138 (1997) Televisions: 36.5 million (1997) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 197 (1999) Transportation Railways: total: 27,882 km (1,122 km electrified); note - excludes urban rail broad gauge: 4,057 km 1.600-m gauge narrow gauge: 23,489 km 1.000-m gauge dual gauge: 336 km 1.000-m and 1.600-m gauges (three rails) (1999 est.) Highways: total: 1.98 million km paved: 184,140 km unpaved: 1,795,860 km (1996 est.) Waterways: 50,000 km navigable 144 Pipelines: crude oil 2,980 km; petroleum products 4,762 km; natural gas 4,246 km (1998) Ports and harbors: Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria Merchant marine: total: 174 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,964,808 GRT/6,403,284 DWTships by type: bulk 34, cargo 28, chemical tanker 5, combination ore/oil 9, container 10, liquified gas 10, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 59, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off 11, short-sea passenger 1 (1999 est.) Airports: 3,277 (1999 est.) Airports - with paved runways: total: 541 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 138 914 to 1,523 m: 346 under 914 m: 32 (1999 est.) Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 2,736 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 1,306 under 914 m: 1,357 (1999 est.) Military Military branches: Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes naval air and marines), Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police (paramilitary) Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 47,732,285 (2000 est.) Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 32,029,873 (2000 est.) Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 1,830,195 (2000 est.) Military expenditures - dollar figure: $13.408 billion (FY99) Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.9% (FY99) Transnational Issues 145 Disputes - international: two short sections of boundary with Uruguay are in dispute - Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River Illicit drugs: limited illicit producer of cannabis, minor coca cultivation in the Amazon region, mostly used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for the US and Europe; increasingly used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling 146 U.S. and Country Contacts – Brazil (Source: International Trade Administration, 1999) Ministry of Agriculture Secretariat of Agriculture & Livestock Defense Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bloco D, Anexo B 70043-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/218-2828 Fax: 55/61/224-3995 Brazilian Central Bank Banco Central do Brasil SBS - Edif¡cio Sede do Banco Central do Brasil 70074-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/214-1020/214-1000 Fax: 55/61/224-4119 http://www.bcb.gov.br Bank of Brazil BB - Banco do Brasil S/A SBS, Quadra 4, Lote 32, Bloco C, Ed. Sede III 70073-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/310-2000 http://www.bancobrasil.com.br National Bank of Economic Social Development BNDES - Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Av. Rep£blica do Chile, 100 11 floor, Centro 20031-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Phone: 55/21/225-4350/277-7447 Fax: 55/21/262-8513/225-5179 http://www.bndes.gov.br Ministry of Science and Technology MCT - Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia Esplanada dos Ministerios Bloco E, 4 floor 70067-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/317-7500 http://www.mct.gov.br Ministry of Communications Ministerio das Comunicacoes 147 Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco R, 8th floor 70044-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/311-6000 Fax: 55/61/223-2755 http://www.mc.gov.br Brazilian Long Distance Telephone Company (EMBRATEL) Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicacoes S.A. Av. Presidente Vargas, 1012 Edif¡cio Sede, 15 floor 20179-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Phone: 55/21/216-8182 Fax: 55/21/233-6446/223-4168 http://www.embratel.gov.br EMBRATUR - Ministry of Industry and Commerce SCN - Q2 - Bloco G - 3 floor 70710-500 Brasilia, DF Phone.: 55/61/224.9100 Fax.: 55/61/322.2486 Contact: Dr. Caio Luiz Cibella de Carvalho, President http://www.embratur.gov.br Brazilian Industrial Property Institute INPI - Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial Prana Maua 7, 18 floor - Centro 20081-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Phone: 55/21/291-1223 Fax: 55/21/263-2539 Ministry of Aeronautics Ministerio da Aeronautica Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco M 70045-900 Bras¡lia, DF Phone: 55/61/313-2345 Fax: 55/61/313-2110 Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism (MICT) Ministerio da Industria, do Comercio e do Turismo Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bloco J, 6 floor 70096-900 Bras¡lia, DF Phone: 55/61/225-8105 http://www.mict.gov.br Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX-MICT) 148 Secretaria de Comercio Exterior Esplanada dos Ministerios Bloco J, 8 floor, Sala 812 70056-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/329-7085 Fax: 55/61/329-7075 http://www.mict.gov.br Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX-MICT) Secretaria de Comercio Exterior Esplanada dos Ministerios Bloco J, 8 floor 70056-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/329-73420 Fax: 55/61/329-7075 Contact: Luciana Fonseca Damascena Vieira (Tariff Queries) Ministry of Finance Ministerio da Fazenda Esplanada dos Minist?rios - Bloco P, 4o. Andar 70048-900 Bras¡lia, DF Phone: 55/61/314-2000 Fax: 55/61/223-5239 http://www.fazenda.gov.br Secretariat of Internal Revenue Service Secretaria da Receita Federal Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco P, 7o. Andar, sala 733 70048-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/314-2000 Fax: 55/61/321-0488 Ministry of Mines and Energy Ministerio das Minas e Energia Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco U 70065-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/319.5555 and 223.9059 Fax: 55/61/226-1866 http://www.mme.gov.br Ministry of Foreign Relations Ministerio das Relacoes Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministerios Palacio do Itamaraty 70170-900 Brasilia, DF 149 Phone: 55/61/211-6161 Fax: 55/61/223-7362 http:// www.mre.gov.br Ministry of Health Ministerio da Saude Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco G, 5o. Andar 70058-900 Brasilia, DF Phone: 55/61/315-2425 Fax: 55/61/224-8747 http://www.ms.gov.br Brazilian Petroleum Company PETROBR S - Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Av. Rep£blica do Chile 65, 24 floor, Centro 20035-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Phone: 55/21/534-4477 Fax: 55/21/240-9394 Department of Civil Aviation DAC - Departamento de Aeronautica Civil Aeroporto Santos Dumont, 4 floor 20021-340 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Phone: 55/21/220-6927 Fax: 55/21/220-0587 U.S. Mission In Brazil Brasilia - BSB: Tel: 55/61/321-7272 Fax: 55/61/225-9136 Charge D'Affairs James Derham Economic Counselor Brian Stickney Deputy Senior Commercial Officer Americo "Mack" Tadeu Email: [email protected] Agricultural Counselor Finn Rudd Homepage: http://www.american-embassy.org.br Street address: Embaixada Americana, av. das Na? es, Q.801, L. 3, Brasilia, Brazil. 70403-900 Mailing Address: U.S. Embassy Brasilia, Unit 3500, APO AA 340430 150 Sao Paulo - SP: Tel: 55/11/881-6511 Fax: 55/11/280-2479 Consul/General Gwen Clare Consul/Economic Affair Kenneth Davis Agricultural Officer Robert Hoff Street address: Rua Padre Jo o Manuel, 933. S o Paulo, SP. 01411-001 Tel: 55/11/853-2811 Fax: 55/11/853-2744 Senior Commercial Officer Miguel Pardo de Zela Commercial Officer Alan Long Principal/Post Commercial Officer Julia Rauner-Guerrero Email: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.focusbrasil.org.br Street address: Rua Estados Unidos, 1812. S o Paulo, SP. 01427-002 Rio de Janeiro - RJ: Tel: 55/21/292-7117 Fax: 55/21/220.0439 Consul General Cristobal Orozco Counsul Economic Affairs Robert Taylor Tel: 55/21/292-7117 Fax: 55/21/240.9738 Principal Commercial Officer Judith Henderson Email: [email protected] Street address: Av. Presidente Wilson, 147 Castelo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 20030-020 Belo Horizonte - BH: Tel: 55/31/213.1571 Fax: 55/31/213.1575 Principal Commercial Officer Sean Kelley Email: [email protected] Street address: Rua Timbiras, 1200, 17th floor. Belo Horizonte, 151 MG. 30140-060 U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES All those telephone numbers without area codes are Washington DC (202) AGRICULTURE (USDA) Patricia Sheikh, Trade Policy Tel: (202) 720-6887 Charles Alexander, Trade Promotion Tel: (202) 690-0159 Steve Hammond, U.S. Import Policies and Program Division Tel: (202) 720-2916 AID Babette Prevot Tel: (202) 647-4359 BXA Bob Dunn Tel: (202) 482-3984 Fax: (202) 482-5650 CENSUS/Population John Reed, Demographer Tel: (202) 457-1358 Trade Figures, Foreign Trade-L.A. Countries Tel:(301) 457-3041 COMMERCE (USCS) Richard Lenahan(USCS), Regional Director Tel: (202) 482-2736 COMMERCE (ITA) John Anderson, Director of the Southern Cone Divison Tel: (202) 482-1743 Carlos Cavagno, Brazil Desk Tel: (202)482-3872 Paulo Mendes, Brazil Desk Tel: (202) 482-3872 152 COMMERCE (BEA) Ray Malaloni, Outward Investment Tel: (202) 606-9865 Greg FouchInward, Investment Tel: (202) 606-9831 COMMERCE (Import Administration) Stephen McCollough, Latin American Industry Specialist Tel: (202) 482-4202/5834 Brian Albright, AD/CVDs Tel: (202) 482-3762 CUSTOMS Douglas M. Browning, International Affairs Tel: (202) 927-0440 Gregory Saxton, U.S. Customs Officer Tel: (202) 927-1771 DEFENSE Lorraine McMillan, Brazil Desk Tel:703-6952520 ENERGY Moustafa Soliman, Latin America Tel: (202) 586-5904 EPA Carmeryl Hill-Macon, Latin America Program Tel: (202) 260-6009 EXIMBANK Marion Hinchman, Senior Loan Officer Tel: (202) 565-3410 Deborah Moranese, Loan Officer Brazil Tel: (202) 565-3416 John Beckham, Promotion Officer Tel: (202) 565-3913 HHS-FDA Marilyn Veek, International Affairs/Americas Tel: 301-443-4480 INTERIOR (Minerals) Alfredo Gurmendi Latin America Tel: 703-648-7745 153 INTERNET ASSOC. Tel: 201-928-4008 LABOR Suda Haley, Officer; Foreign Affairs Tel: 219-6257 MARINE FISHERIES Dennis Weidner, Latin America Tel: 301-713-2286 Sennen Salapare, Latin America Tel: 301-713-2383 NIST Joanne Overman, NCSCI/NIST Tel: 301-975-4037 Mary Saunders, Brazil Tel: 301-975-2396 Raymond Kammer, Deputy Director Tel: 301-975-4119 Sharrill Dittmann, Chief, Calibration Program Dr. Stanley Warshaw, Policy Advisor Tel: 301-482-3022/5620 NOAA Chuck Woldridge, NESDIS Tel: 301-457-5214 NTDB Hotline: 800-STAT-USA Trade Information Center Hotline: 800-USA-TRAD USGS Floyd Grey Tel: 602-670-5582 602- 670-5113 NTIA Nancy Eskenazi, Brazil Tel: (202) 482-1864 482-1865 OPIC Lila Granda, Insurance Tel: (202) 336-8664, fax: (202) 408-5142 Bruce Camerun, Business Development Tel: (202) 336.8745 PTO 154 Richard Wilder, Brazil Tel: 703-305-9300 STATE/ARA Donald Planty, Director, Brazil and Southern Cone Tel: 647-6541 Eric Luftman, Economic Officer 647-2326 736-7481 Diana Page, Political Officer Tel: 647-0443 STATE/ECP Dennis Finnerty, Regional Organizations Tel: 647-2345 TDA Albert Angulo, Regional Director, Latin America Tel: 703-875-4357 Nathan Young, Program Officer Tel: 703-875-4357 TRANSPORTATION Gwen Baker, Latin America Tel: 366-9521 366-7417 TREASURY Anthony Marcus, Brazil Desk Tel: 622-1218 USIA Michael Korff, Brazil Desk Tel: 619-6835 Sarah Dupree, Senior Program Officer Tel: 619-5245 Bruce Wharton USTR Peter Allgeier, Associate USTR Tel: (202) 395-5190 395-3911 Karen Chopra, Director Southern Cone Tel: 395-5190395-9675 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, Washington, 155 D.C.* World Bank (IBRD) Gobind Nankami Brazil, Director 458-4641 Agriculture & Environ Constance Bernard 458-5175 Country Operations Dany Leipziger Paul Meo 473-8452 Jim Steve 473-1869 Infrastructure Div. Asis Faiz 473-0001 Inter-American Devevelopment Bank U.S. Executive Director Larry Harrington 623-1031 Int'l Monetary Fund (IMF) Jose Fajgenbaum Division Chief, Brazil 623-8637 OAS U.S. Mission to the OAS John Bowen 647-9482 Department of State SICE(Foreign Trade database) Robin A. King 458-3659 Chief, Trade Unit Miguel Rodriguez Mendosa 458-3181 156 Chemically Related Trade and Industry in Brazil (Source: Chemical Industry Notes, 1999, 2000, 2001) Highlights ♦ Sales of more than US$ 50 billion annually by the chemicals and pharmaceuticals industries make Brazil the 7th largest chemical producing country worldwide. ♦ Of these figures, chemical products accounted for 40% sales and pharmaceuticals 21% - local demand accounted for 91% of the sales. ♦ The multinational companies which post the largest sales in Brazil concentrate on specialty chemicals and consumer products. ♦ Key chemical capacities (metric tons/year): butadiene: 264; chlorine: 1,305; EO: 231; EG: 271; Formaldehyde: 522; MDI: 30; PVC: 659. ♦ The chemical industry is the largest industrial sector in Brazil, and when considered as a whole, represents more than 18% of the manufacturing added value. ♦ Chemical Sector Shipments - 2000 (US$ billion - without taxes): Industrial Chemicals 22.4; Pharmaceuticals 6.0; Perfumes and Cosmetics 3.5; Fertilizers 2.7; Agrochemicals 2.4; Soaps and detergents 2.3; Paints and coatings 1.5; Man-made fibers 0.9; Others 0.6; Total 42.3 ♦ Although producing more than US$ 40 billion annually of chemical products, Brazil has been a traditional net importer of such products, and the deficit has increased in the past few years. ♦ Last year (2000) figures show a chemical products trade deficit of US$ 6,593 million. Exports reached US$ 4,030 million and imports were US$ 10,623 million. ♦ Brazil is Latin America’s largest producer of steel with an 1999 annual output projected at 25.1 million tons. ♦ Brazil represents more than half of the estimated US$5.7 billion detergents market for the MERCOSUL countries of South America. ♦ According to Jupiter, about 5.8 million of Latin America's 10.6 million Internet users last year were Brazilians, while the country accounted for 63% of all e-commerce transactions in the region. ♦ In 1999, Brazilian companies added close to 700,000 metric tons of new capacity to make polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate, expanding their installed plastics production base of 3 million tons per year by almost 25%. ♦ Most of these facilities were installed at or near the Triunfo petrochemical complex in southern Brazil to take advantage of expansion of the site’s ethylene plant--one of Brazil’s three ethylene complexes--from 685,000 to 1.13 million metric tons per year. ♦ Looking at the Brazilian chemical industry as a whole, the net revenues for this sector in 1999 are US$ 36.2 billion, down some 15% in US dollars compared to 1998. ♦ The total shipments of industrial chemicals in 2000 was around US$ 22.4 billion, and with this value the total shipments of the chemical sector was around US$ 42.3 billion. ♦ Per capita chemical sector consumption in Brazil went from 10.2 kilograms in 1990 to 21.3 kilograms in 1999 . Total consumption increased 10.1% per year, going from 1.47 MM tons in 1990 to 3.48 MM tons in 1999. ♦ Brazil contains the second largest oil reserves in South America (after Venezuela), 157 at 7.4 billion barrels. US Intl Trade with Brazil Overall and Chemicals and Related Products (source: www.ita.doc.gov) U.S. Trade by Commodity with Brazil (Millions of Dollars) SIT rev 3 Commodity 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2,000 C ______EXPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 268 361 208 347 144 13 1 Beverages And Tobacco 92 57 24 14 6 1 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 386 418 557 324 239 25 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related 446 574 515 406 304 23 Materials 4 Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And 22 10 15 17 5 0 Waxes 5 Chemicals And Related Products 2,236 2,262 2,728 2,774 2,538 2,853 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly 855 831 1,084 925 770 67 By Material 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 5,869 6,700 8,943 8,690 7,851 938 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 1,043 1,221 1,535 1,348 1,085 103 9 Commodities & Transactions Not 226 265 304 311 307 35 Classified Elsewher . TOTAL 11,444 12,699 15,912 15,157 13,249 15,361 Key Chemically Related US Export Commodities in the Top 20 in US$ ‘000 (source: www.ita.doc.gov) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Organo-Inorganic & Heterocyclic Compounds 250 275 403 432 338 Insecticides, Disinfectants 106 114 171 227 208 Medicaments (Including Veterinary Medicaments) 47 77 126 164 204 Plastics 148 155 180 181 175 Miscellaneous Chemical Products 76 103 144 164 160 158 ______IMPORTS ______1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Food And Live Animals 1,089 1,072 1,138 1,153 1,319 1,082 Beverages And Tobacco 143 297 309 113 143 145 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 805 687 829 877 973 1,136 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related 129 161 145 262 290 794 Materials Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And 31 23 29 20 16 16 Waxes Chemicals And Related Products 399 459 446 471 488 675 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly 2,452 2,171 2,276 2,256 2,463 2,920 By Material Machinery And Transport Equipment 1,950 2,019 2,468 3,106 3,569 4,299 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 1,501 1,509 1,475 1,372 1,351 1,657 Commodities & Transactions Not 316 365 514 492 701 1,130 Classified Elsewher TOTAL 8,815 8,762 9,630 10,122 11,314 13,854 Brazilian Chemical Output '98-00 in $USbn source: ABIQUIM ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 Industrial Chemicals 18.5 17.1 22.4 Pharmaceuticals 8.2 6.1 6 Costmetics & Toiletries 4.1 3.1 3.5 Fertilzers 2.9 2.2 2.7 Soaps & Detergents 2.2 2.2 2.3 Agrochemicals 2.6 2.3 2.4 Paints & Coatings 2 1.4 1.5 Synthetic Fibers 1.1 0.9 0.9 Others 0.6 0.5 0.6 Total 42.2 35.8 42.3 159 Leading Chemical Companies in Brazil (source: www.abiquim.br) COMPANY 1997 SALES (US$M) ORIGIN MAIN PRODUCTS Copene 1222 Brazil Basic Organic Products BASF 1096 Germany Plastics, Dyes, Paints Agrochemicals White Martins 1013 USA Industrial Gases Copesul 758 Brazil Basic Organic Products OPP 752 Brazil Polyolefins DuPont 596 USA Intermediate Chemical Products, Fibers, Agrochemicals Bayer 594 Germany Plastics, Intermediates for Polyurethane, Dyes, Agrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Consumer Products PQU 574 Brazil Basic Organic Products Trikem 572 Brazil PVC, Chlorine, Caustic Soda Rhodia 542 France Intermediate Chemical Products, Agrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals Manah 415 Brazil Fertilizers Dow 388 USA Polystyrene, Intermediates for Polyurethane, Chlorine, Caustic Soda, Agrochemicals Fertilizantes Serrana 384 Argentina Fertilizers Ultrafertil 364 Brazil Fertilizers Oxiteno 363 Brazil EO Derivatives and Surficants Solvay 361 Belgium PVC, hdPE, Chlorine, Caustic Soda Rhodia-Ster 338 France PET Petroflex 326 Brazil SBR, Polybutadiene Polibrasil 323 Brazil Polyproylene Politeno 300 Brazil Polyethylene Cyanamid 298 USA Agrochemicals Ipiranga Petroquimica 297 Brazil Polyolefins 160 Chemically Related Company Case Studies – Brazil (Source: www.cosmos.com.mx and corporate websites, 1999) Bombril S/A formerly known as Bombril-Cirio S/A AV. BRIG. FARIA LIMA, 2601-12 ANDAR SAO PAULO SP 01473-900 Telephone: +55 11 8167877 Website: http://www.bombril.com.br Employees: 4,805 main activities are the manufacturing of hygenic products for domestic and industrial consumption such as steel wool, powder, liquid detergents, scouring powders, disinfectants, ammonia, fabric softeners and other related products. Chairman: S. CRAGNOTTI Sales/Revs 1998: 291,792,263 Copene - Petroquimica do Nordeste S.A. RUA ETENO, 1561, COPEC CAMACARI BA 42810-000 Telephone:+55 71 832543 Website: http://www.copene.com.br main activities are the production, sale and distribution of organic chemicals, petrochemicals such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, MTBE and production of steam, water, compressed air, electric power and other related products and activities. Chairman: E. GEISEL Sales/Revs 1998: 1,033,972,769 Companhia Petroquimica do Sul - COPESUL BR 386 - RODOVIA TABAI/CANOAS - KM 419 TRIUNFO RS 95853-000 Telephone: +55 51 4571100 Employees: 882 main activities are the manufacturing, marketing, import and export of chemical and petrochemical products such as: ethylene, propylene PG + CG, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylenes, aromatic residue, MTBE, C9 stream, pytolysis gasoline, LPG, and raffinate II. COPESUL is also engaged in the production and distribution of water, pressurized gasses and other related products and activities. The company's main raw-material supplier is PETROBRAS. Chairman: E.E. VIEIRA Vice-Chairman: A.F. CUNHA FILHO Sales/Revs 1998: 598,857,621 Manah S/A Executive Office: AV DO ANASTACIO, 740 PQ. SAO DOMINGOS SP 05110-900 Telephone:+55 11 8391800 Website: http://www.manah.com.br 161 main activities are the manufacturing and marketing of fertilizers, mineral supplements and other related activities. The company as developed an exclusive process for the production of magnesian multiphosphate, leading to significant productivity gains in tropical soils. Chairman:F. PENTEADO CARDOSO FILHO Vice-Chairman, Director: W. ARMELIN Sales/Revs 1998: 520,381,233 Politeno Industria e Comercio S/A's Executive Office: RUA BENZENO, 2391 CAMACARI BA 42810-000 Telephone: +55 71 8324145 activities include the manufacture, processing, sale, import,export and transportation of low density linear polyethylene, paints and derivatives, thermoplastics and other petrochemical products. Major consumers are the packing (food, industrial packing, shopping bags), bottles and toy industries. Director, Superintendent J.P. SARTORI Director, Administrator & Finance R.S. DAMASO Sales/Revs 1998: 371,092,322 Triken SA formerly known as CPC - Companhia Petroquimica Camacari Executive Office: C. DAS ARVORES SALVADOR BA 01827-900 Telephone: +55 11 51805700 Website: http://www.trikem.com.br main activities are the manufacture, sale, import and export of plastic and chemical products, mainly MVC and PVC (polyvinil chloride), a thermoplastic resin widely used worldwide, specially in the civil construction, packaging and shoe industries. Trikem main associated companies are: Nordeste Quimica SA-Norquisa (Brazil), Companhia Quimica do Reconcavo- CRQ (Brazil), CPC-Cayman Lta. (Cayman Iland), SLG-Incorporated (Cayman Islands), Cia Alagoas Industrial-CINAL (Brazil), Salgema Mineracao Ltda. (Brazil) and Odebrecht Miniracao e Metalurgia Ltda. (Brazil). Chairman: A. CUNHA Sales/Revs 1997: 714,305,660 UNIPAR - Uniao de Industrias Petroquimicas SA's Executive Office: RUA ARAUJO PORTO ALEGRE, 36 RIO DE JANEIRO RJ 20030-010 Telephone: +55 21 2971177 Website: http://www.usiminas.com.br activities are the production and commercialization of petrochemicals and chemicals such as: cumene, carbocloro, carbon black, polyisobutylenes, basic petrochemicals, emulsion SBR, latex, low density polyethylene, etc.UNIPAR's main product, cumene is used in the production of phenol and acetone. The group is comprised of 8 companies among affiliated and associated. 162 The company's exports are mainly to Europe and South America. Chairman: R. CAMPOS SOARES Sales/Revs 1998: 368,087,372 Oxiteno S/A Industria e Comercio's AV BRIG LUIZ ANTONIO, 1343-7 ANDAR SAO PAULO SP 01350-900 Telephone: +55 11 2836677 The main activity is the manufacturing of ethene oxide, ethylene glycols, glycol ether, ethanolamyn, etc, as well as commercialization, export and distribution of petrochemicals products and chemicals. It is the only EO, EG, and ethanolomines producer in Brazil or its Mercosur trading partners. It operates directly or through its affiliates in the Polos Petroquimicos de Maua, Camacari and plants located in Tremembe, Cubatao and Santa Cruz. President: P.G. CUNHA Director:P. WONGTSCHOWSKI Director:J.C. COIMBRA Director: A.G. ABICHARA Sales/Revs 1997: 323,560,300 Petropar S/A RUA SIQUEIRA CAMPOS, 1163 PORTO ALEGRE RS 90010-001 Telephone: +11 51 2115444 main activities include the marketing, exporting and importing of fertilizers, chemical and petrochemical products, machinery, accessories and implements for the agricultural segment, seeds, pesticides and other related products, such as live stock for reproduction. Other activities include the production of cellulose, paper and containers, such as aluminium cans and plastic botles. President: S.M. LING Vice-President: W. LING Sales/Revs 1997: 124,106,103 Votorantim Group Al Santos 1357, 6 Andar 01470-900, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil Tel: 55-11-269-4000 Fax: 55-11-269-4056 www.vcp.com.br VCP started to take shape in 1988, when the Votorantim Group acquired the project known as Celpag, located in the town of Luiz Antônio (SP). In 1991, the first paper machine started operations, and in the following year the pulp production line. In 1992, the Votorantim Group acquired control of Indústria de Papel Simão and after restructuring took on its present form. VCP has four production units, all in the State of São Paulo, each one named after the municipality in which it is located. They are: Jacareí Unit (manufacture of pulp and printing and writing paper), Luiz Antônio Unit (manufacture of pulp and Art gloss and offset paper), Piracicaba Unit (Art gloss, thermal and carbonless paper) and Mogi das Cruzes Unit (manufacture of specialty papers, offset and board). 163 WASHINGTON, March 29 (Reuters) - Votorantim Celulose e Papel SA, the big Brazilian paper and pulp company, filed on Wednesday for an initial public offering of American Depositary Shares that it hopes to list on the New York Stock Exchange. Votorantim filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to offer 7,920,000 ADSs, with the Sao Paulo- based company selling 2,047,648 while stockholders sell the other 5,872,352. In addition, there will be a concurrent offering in Brazil of 440 million preferred shares, 113,758,240 of which are being offered by the company and 326,241,760 by shareholders. The filing said 6,336,000 ADSs are being offered in the United States and Canada, while 1,584,000 are being offered outside of those countries. Each ADS represents 500 preferred shares, said Votorantim, which is seeking an NYSE listing of the ADSs under the symbol . The initial public stock sale is being underwritten by Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley and Salomon Smith Barney. Votorantim predicted it would make about $34 million in net proceeds from the U.S., international and Brazilian offerings. It plans to use the money for an ongoing capital investment program and general corporate purposes. The company said it would not receive any proceeds from the ADSs or preferred shares sold by its stockholders. Votorantim is one of the largest paper and pulp companies in Brazil and the leading Brazilian producer of wood-free printing and writing papers and specialty papers based on net sales and total assets, the filing said. It is part of the Votorantim Group, one of the largest privately held Brazilian groups of companies, whose three core businesses are cement, aluminum and paper and pulp. In 1998 paper and pulp accounted for about 20 percent of the Votorantim Group's net operating revenues. The group is also involved in financial services, chemicals and agribusiness, the filing said. 164 Higher Education - Brazil (Source: UNESCO; World of Learning; RELAQ) Structure of system Higher education is provided in federal, state, municipal, private universities and other institutions, federations and independent establishments. The universities are composed of faculties or schools; their internal organization is based on the departamento which is linked to schools, faculties or centers. The two supreme bodies are the Conselho Universitario (University Council) and the Conselho de Ensino e Pesquisa (Council for Graduate Studies and Research). The main characteristic of university administration is its collegial functioning. Federations are associations of institutions which offer more varied, better integrated courses and greater administrative efficiency. The establishments of higher education consist of faculties, schools, centres, academies or institutes with relatively few students which offer instruction in one or two subjects. They are mostly private. The two main bodies responsible for postgraduate education, science and technology at postgraduate level are the Fundação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq). The Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Brasileiras (CRUB)is a liaison body on which are represented all the federal, state and private universities. All levels of higher education use the semester system. A National Council for Education (CNE) was recently created to replace the Federal Council for Education. Main types of higher education institutions in country Type of institution: UNIVERSIDADE PUBLICA FEDERAL Translation: PUBLIC FEDERAL UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDADE PUBLICA ESTADUAL Translation: PUBLIC STATE UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDADE PUBLICA MUNICIPAL Translation: PUBLIC CITY UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDADES CONFESSIONAIS Translation: RELIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES Type of institution: UNIVERSIDADES COMUNITARIAS Translation: COMMUNITY UNIVERSITIES Type of institution: UNIVERSIDADES PRIVADAS Translation: PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES Type of institution: FUNDACOES UNIVERSITARIAS Translation: UNIVERSITY FOUNDATIONS Main laws/decrees governing higher education Name of law/decree: 5.540/68 Date: 28 November, 1968 Institution type: Higher education and integration with secondary school Administrative structure of higher education Name of body: Ministry of Education and Sports Role: Administration of Higher Education in the Country Address: Street: Esplanada dos Ministerios - bloco L City: Brasilia State/Province: DF 165 Highlights ♦ The federal universities in Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais) and mostly at the public universities supported by the São Paulo state (the Universities of São Paulo and Campinas) employ most of the active researchers in Brazil, in all fields. ♦ In Brazil today, only 16 percent of academic faculty in hold a doctoral degree— concentrated in a few places, such as the universities in the State of São Paulo—compared with 25 percent with M.A.s, 36 percent with some kind of specialist degree, and 22 percent with an undergraduate diploma. ♦ To control the quality of graduate education, the Brazilian Ministry of Education maintains an elaborate and well-reputed system of peer review evaluation for the 1,293 programs half of which doctoral degrees. ♦ Most students in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MS and PhD programs in Brazil have a BS in Chemistry or Chemical Eng., but it is also usual to have people graduated in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physics and Biology. ♦ There is no general rule for admission, but most courses usually make an interview and take a knowledge exam of the candidates. ♦ Brazil’s government spends heavily on higher education: 1.2% of GDP , compared with 0.7% in Argentina and an average of 0.9% among the richer countries of the OECD . ♦ Although the total number of university places has grown by 50% since 1980, the proportion of young people in higher education is still well below the international average. ♦ The number of doctorates awarded in the chemical sciences in Brazil grew from 157 in 90/91 to 380 in 96/97 with the average completion time being 60 months. ♦ In 1996, Brazil introduced a controversial national exam known as the provao, aimed at testing universities by testing their final year students. Inspectors are sent in to check on the state of libraries and laboratories, staff qualifications, and teaching methods. Around a hundred courses have been placed under threat of closure unless they shape up quickly. Faculties of Chemical Sciences- Brazil (Source: Relaq and university websites, 1999) Universidades en Brasil Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME) Departamento de Engenharia Química Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC/PR) Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1.155. Prado Velho. CEP 80215-901 Curitiba, PR. Tel. (041) 330-1515. RIEP - Tel. (041) 330-1614 Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia - CCET Engenharia Química Química Industrial Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBS Farmacia Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB) Faculdades de Filosofia Ciências e Letras Ciências Licenciatura Plena com habilitação em Química Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Rua Professor Augusto Vianna, s/n Canela 40.000 Salvador, Bahia Tel: (071)245-2811 y 245-0878 Instituto de Química Campus Universitário de Ondina Salvador - BA. Brasil, CEP.:40.170-290 Tel.:(071) 237-5784 Fax:(071) 237-4117 Departamento de Química Orgânica Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica Departamento de Química Analítica Departamento de Físico-química Lic. em Química Lic. em Química Industrial Mestrado em Química Orgânica Mestrado em Química Inorgânica 170 Mestrado em Química Analítica Mestrado em Físico-Química Doutorado em Química Analítica Faculdade de Farmácia Escola Politécnica Departamento de Engenharia Química Engenharia Química Mestrado em Engenharia Química Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução Campus Universitário - Multiuso I Sala 49 70000 Brasília - DF Tel: (61)348-2533 Fax: (61)349-7499 Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC Centro de Ciências Depto. de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica Campus do Pici - Bloco 940 Fortaleza - Ceara CEP:60455-760 Telefone: (085) 288.9977 Fax: (085) 288.9978 Química Química Industrial Licenc. Química Mestrado em Química Orgânica Mestrado em Química Inorgânica Doutorado em Química Orgânica Doutorado em Química Inorgânica Depto. de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Campus do Pici - Bloco 907 Fortaleza - Ceara CEP: 60455-760 Telefone: (085)288.9817 Fax: (085)288.9829 Mestrado em Bioquímica, na área de Bioquímica Vegetal Doutorado em Bioquímica, na área de Bioquímica Vegetal Centro de Ciências da Saúde Departamento de Farmácia Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210 171 Rodolfo Teófilo - Campus do Porangabuçu CEP 60.430-370 Fortaleza - Ceará - Brasil Telefones: (085) 243.9274 Farmácia Centro de Tecnologia Engenharia Química Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Campus Universitário Goiaberas 29.000 Vitória, Espírito Santo Tel: (027)227-4733 Centro de Ciências Exatas (CCE) Prédio IC-1 - 1º pavimento e prédio de laboratórios Av. Fernando Ferrari s/n - Campus Universitário Goiabeiras - Vitória-ES - CEP 29060-900 Fone (027) 335-2486 Departamento de Química Licenciatura em Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampuhla 31270-010 CP 1621, Belo Horizonte, MG tel: 31.448.1000; fax: 31.441.9354 Departamento de Química Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Química Mestrado nas áreas de Físico-Química, Química Analítica, Química Inorgânica e Química Orgânica. Doutorado Físico-Química, Química Inorgânica e Química Orgânica Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Novembro, 1.299, Centro Curitiba - PR CEP: 81530-900 Tel: (41)362-3038 Fax: (41)262-5643, 264-2791 Setor de Ciências Exatas Departamento de Química Licenciatura em Química Mestrado em Química, Área de Concentração Química Orgânica Mestrado em Química, Área de Concentração Química Inorgânica 172 Setor de Tecnologia Engenharia Química Mestrado em Tecnologia Química Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Campus Universitário, s/n Lagoa Nova 59.000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte Tel: (84)231-1314 y 231-1315 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Av. Paulo Gama, 110 Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil CEP: 90.046-900 Fone: +55 51 316-7000 FAX: +55 51 227-2295 Escola de Engenharia Departamento de Engenharia Química Rua Eng. Luíz Englert s/n2 Centro - Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 90040-040 Telefones: (051) 228-1633 R3110, (051) 228-1633 R3444 Fax: (051) 226-1171 Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química Faculdade de Farmácia Farmacêutico Bioquímico em Análises Clínicas Farmacêutico Bioquímico em Alimentos Farmacêutico Industrial Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas Biblioteca Setorial do Instituto de Química Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Pavilhão 43122 (antigo E-1) Bairro Agronomia 91540-000 Porto Alegre - RS Tel: (051)336-8399, 336-9822 Fax: (051)336-3699 e-mail: [email protected] Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/RS) Av. Ipiranga, 6881, Partenon 90001 - 970 Porto Alegre - RS 173 Tel: (51)236-9400 Setor Biomédico Faculdade de Farmácia Farmácia Setor Técnico-Científico Instituto de Química Química Biblioteca Central Irmão José Otão - PUCRS on Line LIGDOC: Serviço de Busca de Documentos a Distância Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPEL) Rua Félix da Cunha, 412 Centro 96.100 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Tel: (53)225-3455 Escola de Farmácia e Bioquímica Farmácia e Bioquímica Escola de Química Licenciatura en Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Faixa Camobi, Km. 9 Campus Universitário Caixa Postal No. 248 97.100 Santa Maria, RGS Tel: (55)226-1616 Fax: (55)221-6959 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Av. Brigadeiro Trompowsky, s/n. llha do Fundão 21941 - 590 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (021)290-0212, 230-3927 Instituto de Química Química Mestrado em Química Orgânica Mestrado em Química Inorgânica Mestrado em Físico-Química Mestrado em Bioquímica 174 Doutorado em Química Orgânica Doutorado em Química Inorgânica Doutorado em Físico-Química Doutorado em Bioquímica Escola de Química Química Industrial Engenharia Química Mestrado em Engenharia Química: Tecnologia de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos Doutorado em Engenharia Química: Tecnologia de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Mestrado em Química de Produtos Naturais Doutorado em Química de Produtos Naturais Instituto de Macromoléculas Mestrado em Química: Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros Doutorado em Química: Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Mestrado em Bioquímica: Química Biológica Doutorado em Bioquímica: Química Biológica Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ) Mestrado em Engenharia Química Doutorado em Engenharia Química Enrollment in undergraduate and graduate courses in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at UFRJ Course/Year 95 96 97 98 99 BS (Chemistry) 50 50 50 45 42 BS (Chem. Eng.) 240 230 230 230 230 MS (Chemistry)a 55 41 37 29 33 PhD (Chemistry)a 55 31 19 27 36 MS (Chem. Eng.)b 20-25 20-25 20-25 20-25 20-25 PhD (Chem. Eng.)b 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20 MS (Polymer)c 13 19 16 19 6 175 PhD (Polymer)c 13614713 MS (Chemical and Biochem. Process Tech.)d 30 35 39 26 51 PhD (Chemical and Biochem. Process Tech.)d 12 11 16 9 18 a MS and PhD in Organic, Inorganic, Physical Chemistry and Biochemistry. bMS and PhD in Chemical Engineering. Average values. cMS and PhD in Science and Technology of Polymer. dMS and PhD in Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology. Numbers may include specialization course, where students take the credits of graduate course, but do not defend a thesis. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Pública Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Maracanã 20.550 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (21)284-8322 Centro de Tecnologia e Ciências Instituto de Química Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO) Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 255 Gávea 22451 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (021)274-9922 Fax: (021)259-1893 Departamento de Química Biblioteca Central Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225-Ala Frings Gávea 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (021)529-9279 ou 529-9248 Fax: (021)274-4197 e-mail: [email protected] Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Química 176 Química Industrial Engenharia Química Farmácia Complexo Universitário do Norte Fluminense (CUNF) Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia (CCT) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC Público Campus Universitário, s/n Trindade 88010-970 Florianópolis - SC Tel: (048) 231-9219 Fax: (048) 231-9711 e-mail: [email protected] Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas e-mail: [email protected] Especialidad en Química Inorgánica Especialidad en Química Orgánica Especialidad en Química Analítica Especialidad en Físico Química Lic. en Química Departamento de Engenharia Química Centro Tecnológico Caixa Postal 476 88.040-900 Florianópolis, SC - Brasil Fone: +55 (0)48 231-9448 FAX: +55 (0)48 231-9687 E-mail: [email protected] Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais - EMC/UFSC Departamento de Química e-mail: [email protected] Maestría en Química Doctorado en Química Biblioteca Central Campus Universitário - Trindade Caixa Postal 476 88040-900 Florianópolis - SC Tel: (048)231-9310 ou 231-9511 Fax: (048)231-9603 177 e-mail: [email protected] Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Rua da Reitoria, 109, Butanta 05340-901 São Paulo - SP Tel: (11)210-0228, 211-0011 y 210-0309 Fax: (11)815-4272 Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentacão Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 950 Cidade Universitária 05508-900 Sáo Paulo - SP Tel: (011)818-3823 ou 818-3670 ou 813-7251 Fax: (011)212-8194 e-mail: [email protected] Pontíficia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC/SP) Rua Monte Alegre, 98 Perdizes 05.014 São Paulo - SP Tel: (11)263-0211 Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP Praça da Sé, 108 01.001 São Paulo - SP Tel: (11)232-7171 Biblioteca do Instituto de Química Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, s/n Caixa Postal 355 14800-900 Araraquara - SP Tel: (0162)32-2022 ramais 134/135 Fax: (0162)22-5987 e-mail: [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Caixa Postal 6045 Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Distr. de Barão Geraldo 13081 - 970 Campinas - SP Tel: (192)39-8596 178 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies – Brazil (Source: ACS/IAO, Relaq) Associação Brasileira da Indústria Farmacêutica (ABIFARMA) Rua Beira Rio, 57 - 7o andar Vila Olimpia 04548-050 Sãu Paulo - SP - Brasil Tel: (011) 820-3775 Fax: (011) 822-6628 Associação Brasileira da Indústria Farmacoquímica (ABIQUIF) Avenida Calógeras, 15 - 10 andar 20030-070 Tel: (021) 220-3005 Fax: (021) 220-3005 Associação Brasileira da Indústria Química e de Productos DerivadoS (ABIQUIM) Rua Santo Antonio, 184-17o. e 18o. andares Bela Vista 01314-900 São Pasulo - SP Tel: (011)232-1144 ramal 225 (Biblioteca) Fax: (011)232-0919 Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Óleos Essenciais, Productos Químicos Aromáticos, Fragrâncias, Aromas e Afins (ABIFRA) Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1570 Cj. 72 Jardim Paulistano 01452-001 São Pasulo - SP Tel: (011)813-5431 Fax: (011)212-4075 Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Química Fina, Biotecnologia e suas Especialidades (ABIFINA) Av. Nilo Peçanha, 151-4o. andar (Sala 415) 20020-100 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (021)240-2280 Fax: (021)220-9287 Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química (ABEQ) Rua Líbero Badaró, 152 - 11o andar - Centro 01008-903 São Pasulo - SP Tel: (011) 607-8747 Fax: (011) 604-4649 E-mail: [email protected] Home page: http://www.abeq.org.br 179 Associação Brasileira de Química (ABQ) Rua Alcindo Guanabara, 24 Conj. 1606 20031-130 Rio de Janeiro - RJ(brO Tel: (021)262-1837 Fax: (021)262-6044 Presidente Airton Marques da Silva Caixa Postal 12.152 60021-970 Fortaleza CE Tel. 0 XX 85 288 9974 Cel. 0 XX 85 981 9910 e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Presidente: Alvaro Chrispino Rua Rui Barbosa, 751 25962-090 Teresópolis RJ Tel. 0 XX 21 742 3782 Cel. 0 XX 21 9981 6419 e-mail: [email protected] Dir. Secretário/ Conselheiro: Claudio Costa Couto Caixa Postal 12.152 60021-970 Fortaleza CE Tel. 0 XX 85 281-3472 Cel. 0 XX 85 253-1607 Dir.Tesoureiro: Arikerne Rodrigues Sucupira Est. Francisco da Cruz Nunes, 6661 24350-310 Niterói RJ Tel. 0 XX 608-0044 Cel. 0 XX 9979-1984 e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Diretor Intercambio Internacional: Paulo Celso Isolani Inst. de Química/USP B-8 térreo sala 815 Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes,748 05508-900 São Paulo SP Tel: 0 XX 11 818 3876 e-mail: [email protected] ABIQUIM (Chemical Industry Association or the Brazilian Chemical Manufacturers Association) Rua Santo Antonio, 184 - 17º andar 01314-900 São Paulo, SP BRAZIL Fax No. 55-11-232.0919 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.abiquim.org.br/ 180 It was created in 1964, in order to represent the Brazilian chemical industry at ALALC (now ALADI), an Association to develop trade among the Latin American countries to deal with of issues, including tariff negotiations; statistics; coordination of Atuação Responsável® (Brazilian version of Responsible Care®); Total Quality Management; environment and safety related issues; product advocacy and others. ABIQUIM operates a 24-hour toll free telephone service for safety in the transportation of chemical products (Pró-Química) and coordinates special programs related to some areas of the chemical industry, such as Plastivida®, which deals with the use and recycling of plastics. ABIQUIM represents the Brazilian Chemical industry in the Mercosur Chemical Industry Council - CIQUIM and in the International Council of Chemical Associations - ICCA. Membership is 136 companies, from small to large manufacturers of industrial chemicals in Brazil. These companies produce basic and intermediate chemicals, petrochemical commodities, specialties and fine chemicals. Associação dos Laboratórios Farmacêuticos Nacionais (ALANAC) Rua Vieira de Moraes, 329 Campo Belo 04617-010 São Pasulo - SP Tel: (011)61-3036 Fax: (011)531-0847 ABRAFATI (paints and varnishes), Associação Brasileira dos Fabricantes de Tintas Av. Dr. Cardoso de Mello, 1340 – 6º andar – cj. 62 04548-000 São Paulo-SP Tel/Fax: (11) 3845-8755 [email protected] http://www.abrafati.com/ ABRAFAS (artificial and synthetic fibers) Associação Brasileira de Produtores de Fibras Artificiais e Sintéticas Av. Brig. Faria Lima, 1571 - 14 and.. - Conj. 14A Jardim Paulistano - CEP. 01451-918 São Paulo - SP. Tel : (55 - 11) 814 61 33 Fax : (55 - 11 ) 814 62 40 http://www.abrafas.org.br/ Brazilian Chemistry Committee for IUPAC Prof. Carol H. Collins (Executive Secretary) Instituto de Química da Unicamp, Caixa Postal 6154, 13081-970 Campinas - SP, Brazil TEL.: +55 (19) 788 2559 FAX: +55 (19) 788 2673 181 E-MAIL: [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Química Caixa Postal 26037, 05513-970 São Paulo - SP Brazil Tel.: +55 11 3032-2299; Fax: +55 11 814-3602 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.sbq.org.br The BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY (SBQ) was established in 1977, during an Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science. The SBQ is a society open to the participation of professionals in chemistry and similar areas. It is directed by an elected board of directors every two years and a Consulting board. SBQ has a membership of about 3000, in 23 regional divisions spread by all the country, and with 12 scientific divisions of Chemistry. Its activities include annual meetings with approximately 2000 participants with an average of 1400 professional papers and research presentations of research, and the publication of three magazines for the SBQ - Chemical Nova, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (JBCS) - Chemistry in the School. Presidente Eliezer J. de Lacerda Barreiro [email protected] - UFRJ Vice-presidente Paulo Cezar Vieira [email protected] - UFSCar Secretário geral Luiz Carlos Dias [email protected] - UNICAMP Primeiro secretário Nito Angelo Debacher [email protected] - UFSC Tesoureiro Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani [email protected] - UNESP Primeiro tesoureiro Mara Elisa F. Braibante [email protected] – UFSM 182 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Brazil (Source: World of Learning, 1996) Brazilian Academy of Science Anfilófio de Carvalho Street, 29/3rd floor • ZIP: 20030-060 • Rio de Janeiro, RJ • Brazil (021) 220-4794 and by fax at (021) 532-5807 [email protected]; www.abc.org.br 183 Chemically Related Research – Brazil (Source: World of Learning, 1996; MCT - Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, 1999) Highlights ♦ Brazil has over 21,500 R&D personnel (6,800 in industry). ♦ There are over 500 research institutes and 100 federal, state and private organizations involved in S&T activities. ♦ R&D expenditures in 1998 were US$5.8 billion or .78% of the GDP. ♦ Most R&D funding goes to universities and government research centers, but the government is attempting to redirect many R&D efforts to the private sector. ♦ Brazil has received over US$1 billion from the World Bank and IDB to improve R&D performance. ♦ After machinery and health, chemistry constituted the third most active area (1992-1996) in US patent filings with Brazil as the inventor country. ♦ The Brazilian Ministry of Science has identified computer technology, materials sciences and biotechnology as areas needing strengthening. Research Centers - Brazil NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR IONIZING RADIATION Instituto das Radiações Ionizantes/CNEN Margareth Maria de Araújo, Phys., M.Sc. Av. Salvador Allende, s/nº 22780-160 Recreio dos Bandeirantes - RJ - Brasil Phone: (+55 21) 442-1605/9592 Fax: (+55 21) 442-9675 e-mail: [email protected] FUNDACAO JORGE DUPRAT FIGUEIREDO DE SEGURANCA E MEDICINA DO TRABALHO - FUNDACENTRO CENTRO REGIONAL DA BAHIA - LABORAT'ORIO DE HIGIENE E TOXICOLOGIA RUA ALCEU AMOROSO LIMA, 142 - PITUBA CEP: 41820-770 SALVADOR - BA Fone: (071) 3411412 Fax: 3411446 FUNDACAO INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO - ITEP DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA E BIOTECNOLOGIA - LABORATORIO DE QUIMICA ANALITICA INORGANICA AV PROF LUIS FREIRE 700 - CID. UNIVERSITARIA CEP: 5740 -540 RECIFE - PE Fone: (081) 2714399 Ramal: 187 Fax: 2714744 184 INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZONIA - INPA - COORDENACAO DE PESQUISAS EM PRODUTOS NATURAIS ALAMEDA COSME FERREIRA 1576 - ALEIXO CEP: 69083-000 MANAUS - AM Fone: (092) 6433175 Fax: 6433176 E-mail: [email protected] FUNDACAO CENTRO TECNOLOGICO DE MINAS GERAIS - CETEC DIRETORIA DE TECNOLOGIA AMBIENTAL - SETOR DE MEDICOES AMBIENTAIS BELO HORIZONTE - HORTO CEP: 31170-000 BELO HORIZONTE - MG Fone: (031) 4861000 Ramal: 393 Fax: 4861333 Telex: 311031 E-mail: [email protected] COMISSAO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - CNEN CENTRO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA TECNOLOGIA NUCLEAR - COORDENADORIA DE APOIO TECNICO E CIENTIFICO CAIXA POSTAL 941 - CID. UNIVERSITARIA/PAMP. CEP: 30161-970 BELO HORIZONTE - MG Fone: (031) 4415422 Ramal: 260 Fax: 4433908 Telex: 1173 FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ - FIOCRUZ CENTRO DE PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU - LABORATORIO DE QUIMICA DE PRODUTOS NATURAIS AV. AUGUSTO DE LIMA, 1715 - BARRO PRETO CEP: 30190-002 BELO HORIZONTE - MG Fone: (031) 2953566 Ramal: 191 Fax: 2953115 E-mail: [email protected] FUNDACAO EZEQUIEL DIAS - FUNED DIRETORIA DE PRODUCAO FARMACEUTICA E IMUNOBIOLOGICOS - DESENVOLVIMENTO EM FARMACOS. AREA DE SINTESE EM FARMACOS RUA CONDE PEREIRA CARNEIRO, 80 - GAMELEIRA CEP: 30510-010 BELO HORIZONTE - MG Fone: (031) 3712077 Ramal: 280 Fax: 3322534 Telex: 392417 E-mail: [email protected] CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA MINERAL - CETEM/CNPq DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TECNOLOGIA AMBIENTAL - MERCURLAB RUA 4, QUADRA D - ILHA DO FUNDAO - CID. UNIVERSITARIA CEP: 21941-590 RIO DE JANEIRO - RJ Fone: (021) 2607222 Ramal: 296 Fax: 2602837 Telex: 2122761 E-mail: [email protected] COMISSAO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - CNEN INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIA NUCLEAR - SUPERVISAO DE APOIO QUIMICO 185 CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA - ILHA DO FUNDAO CEP: 21945-970 RIO DE JANEIRO - RJ Fone: (021) 2803113 Ramal: 174 Fax: 5902692 E-mail: [email protected] FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ - FIOCRUZ AV. BRASIL 4365 - MANGUINHOS CEP: 21941-590 RIO DE JANEIRO - RJ WWW.FIOCRUZ.BR Fone: (021) 5909490 Fax: 5909490 Presidente, Dr. Eloi de Souza Garcia, E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 260-0788 ramal: 142 Fax: (5521) 270-2496 / 260-6707 Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Ensino - VPPE Dr. Renato Sérgio Balão Cordeiro E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 590-4712 / 560-0788 ramal: 117 Fax: (5521) 260-6707 / 590-9741 Vice-Presidência de Serviços de Referência em Saúde - VPSRS Dr. Mauro Célio de Almeida Marzocchi E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 590-7544 / 560-0788 ramal: 108 Fax: (5521) 590-7544 Vice-Presidência de Ambiente, Comunicação e Informação - VPACI Dra Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 590-5144 / 560-0788 ramal: 127 Fax: (5521) 260-6707 Vice-Presidência de Tecnologia - VPT Dr. Akira Homma E-mail:[email protected] Tel.: (5521) 560-0788 ramal: 106 Fax: (5521) 260-6707 Chefia de Gabinete Dra Ana Lúcia Almeida de Larrive Tel.: (5521) 260-6040 / 560-0788 ramal: 145 Fax: (5521) 270-2496 Assessora de Política Institucional Olga D'Arc 186 E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 598-4305 Fax: (5521) 260-6707 Coordenadoria de Comunicação Social - CCS Assessor de Imprensa: Umberto Trigueiros Lima E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (0xx21) 270-5343 / 270-1788 Fax: (0xx21) 260-6707 / 270-5343 Assessoria de Planejamento - ASPLAN Assessor de Planejamento: Carlos Augusto Grabois Gadelha E-mail: [email protected] Pavilhão Figueiredo Vasconcelos Tel.: (5521) 290-0494 / 598-4232 Fax: (5521) 290-0494 Procuradoria Geral - PG Dr. Francisco Araújo E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 598-4315 / 598-4317 Tel Fax: (5521) 290-6071 Auditoria Interna - AUDIN Dr. Newton Janote Filho E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (5521) 260-0788 ramal : 130 Fax: (5521) 260-6707 Coordenadoria Regional de Brasília – COREB Diretor: Lenita Nicoletti Av. W.B. Norte - Quadra 510 - conjunto "A" Edifício Ex-INAM - sala 402 a 406, Brasília Tel.: (5561) 340-0847 / 340-9826 / 340-0724 Fax: (5561) 340-0340 / 340-0847 INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA - IME DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA - DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA-LABORATORIO DE CATALISE PRACA GENERAL TIBURCIO, 80 - PRAIA VERMELHA CEP: 22290-270 RIO DE JANEIRO - RJ Fone: (021) 2950595 Fax: 2759047 COMISSAO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - CNEN 187 COORDENADORIA DE FISICA E QUIMICA NUCLEAR - SUPERVISAO DE RADIOQUIMICA TRAVESSA R NUMERO 400 - CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA - BUTANTA CEP: 05508-900 SAO PAULO - SP Fone: (011) 8169182 Fax: 2123546 Telex: 83592 E-mail: [email protected] e [email protected] CENTRO TECNICO AEROESPACIAL - CTA INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS AVANCADOS - DIVISAO DE ATIVIDADES ELETROMAGNETICAS RODOVIA DOS TAMOIOS KM 5,5 - TORRAO DE OURO CEP: 12231-970 SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS - SP Fone: (0123) 413033 Ramal: 290 Fax: 414277 E-mail: [email protected] EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA - EMBRAPA CENTRO NACIONAL PESQUISA MONITORAMENTO AMBIENTAL - QUIMICA - TANQUINHO VELHO CEP: 13820-000 JAGUARIUNA - SP Fone: (0192) 8675633 Ramal: 2027 Fax: 0198675 FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA QUIMICA DE LORENA - FAENQUIL DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA QUIMICA - GRUPO DE PROCESSOS ORGANICOS E INORGANICOS RODOVIA ITAJUBA-LORENA KM 74,5 - CAMPINHO CEP: 12600-000 LORENA - SP Fone: (0125) 523922 Ramal: 257 Fax: 522809 E-mail: [email protected] FUNDACAO JORGE DUPRAT FIGUEIREDO DE SEGURANCA E MEDICINA DO TRABALHO - FUNDACENTRO COORDENACAO DE HIGIENE DO TRABALHO - COORDENADORIA DE RISCOS QUIMICOS RUA CAPOTE VALENTE, 710 - PINHEIROS CEP: 05409-002 SAO PAULO - SP Fone: (011) 8536588 Ramal: 2219 Fax: 8818251 INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ - IAL DIVISAO DE BROMATOLOGIA E QUIMICA - SECAO DE ADITIVOS E PESTICIDAS RESIDUAIS SAO PAULO - CERQUEIRA CESAR CEP: 01246-902 SAO PAULO - SP Fone: (011) 8530111 Ramal: 155 Fax: 8533505 Telex: 1136327 INSTITUTO BIOLOGICO - IB DIVISAO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL - SECAO DE FARMACOLOGIA 188 AV. CONS. RODRIGUES ALVES 1252 - VILA MARIANA CEP: 04014-002 SAO PAULO - SP Fone: (011) 5729822 Ramal: 147 Fax: 5710240 INSTITUTO BUTANTAN - IBU DIVISAO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO - LABORATORIO DE QUIMICA ORGANICA AV. VITAL BRASIL, 1500 - BUTANTA CEP: 05503-900 SAO PAULO - SP Fone: (011) 8137222 Ramal: 2131 Fax: 8151505 Telex: 83325 INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS - INPE CENTRO ESPACIAL DE CACHOEIRA PAULISTA - LABORATORIO ASSOCIADO DE COMBUSTAO E PROPULSAO ROD. PRESIDENTE DUTRA,KM 40 - CEP: 12630-000 CACHOEIRA PAULISTA - SP Fone: (0125) 611377 Ramal: 265 Fax: 611992 E-mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS TECNOLOGICAS - IPT DIVISAO DE QUIMICA - NUCLEO DE MATERIAIS DE REFERENCIA AV. PROF. ALMEIDA PRADO, N.532 - C.UNIVERSITARIA CEP: 05508-901 SAO PAULO - SP Fone: (011) 2682211 Ramal: 541 Fax: 8195740 Telex: 83144 LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE LUZ SINCROTRON - LNLS/CNPq DIVISAO CIENTIFICA - GRUPO INSTRUMENTACAO DE RAIO X RUA LAURO VANUCCI, 1020 - FAZENDA SANTA CANDIDA CEP: 13087-410 CAMPINAS - SP Fone: (0192) 542624 Ramal: 247 Fax: 512458 Telex: 197517 E-mail: e.mail: [email protected] LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ELETROTECNICA E ELETRONICA - LAC/COPEL LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ELETROTECNICA E ELETRONICA - COORDENADORIA DE P&D EM MATERIAIS RUA CORONEL DULCIDIO 800 - BATEL CEP: 80420-170 CURITIBA - PR Fone: (041) 3662020 Ramal: 266 Fax: 2663582 E-mail: [email protected] Centro de Pesquisas Leopoldo A. Miguez de Mello (CENPES) Setor de Informação Técnica e Propiedade Industrial (SINTEP) Cidade Universitária-Quadra 7 21949-900 Illha do Fundão - JR Tel: (021)598-6110/6112/6118 ou 590-4198 Fax: (021)598-6798 ou 590-6643 189 e-mail: [email protected] Centro de Tecnologia da Indústria Química e Têxtil (CETIQT) Núcleo Especializado de Informação Tecnológica Têxtil e de Confecção Industrial (NEITTCI) Rua Dr. Manuel Cotrim, 195 (Biblioteca - sala 306) Riachuelo 20961-040 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (021)201-7222 ramais 250 ou 258 Fax: (021)241-0495 Centro de Tecnologia Industrial (CETIND) Centro de Informação Tecnológica (CIT) Av. Luís Tarquinio Pontes, 938 Aracuí 42700-000 Lauro de Freitas - BA Tel: (071)379-4628 ou 379-3833 Fax: (071)379-3614 e-mail: [email protected] Centro Nacional de Pesquisa da Tecnologia Agroindustrial de Alimentos (CTAA) Avenida das Américas, 29501 23020-470 Guaratiba - RJ Tel: (021)410-1350 (directo) ou 410-1353 ramais 142/187 Fax: (021)410-1090 Companhia Petroquímica do Nordeste, S.A. (COPENE) Centro de Documentação e Informação (CEDIN) Rua Eteno, 1561 Complexo Básico 42800-000 Camaçari - BA Tel: (071)832-5521 ou 832-5522 ou 832-5526 Fax: (071)832-1733 ou 832-5097 e-mail: [email protected] Companhia Petroquímica do Sul (COPESUL) Setor de Informação e Documentação Técnica Rodovia Tabaí-Canoas BR 386 Km 419 Polo Petroquímico do Sul 95853-000 Triunfo - RS Tel: (051)457-1100 ramais 1275/1564/1585 Fax: (051)457-1321 ou 457-1135 Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ) Instituto de Química da USP Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748-Bloco 3 Superior - Sala 371 190 05508-901 São Paulo - SP ou Caixa Postal 26037 05599-970 São Paulo - SP Tel: (011)210-2299 Fax; (011)814-3602 e-mail: [email protected] Interfacial Phenomena/Thermodynamics & Separation in Brazil By Research Area Bioseparations Rahoma S. Mohamed(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Supercritical Extraction Rahoma S. Mohamed(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Adsorption Ribeiro Franco Moilton Jnior(Universidade Federal de Uberlndia) Frederico Wanderley Tavares(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Phase Equilibria Moilton Ribeiro Franco Jùnior(Universidade Federal de Uberlndiâ) Jacques Niederberger(Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro) Prof. Antonio Jos de Almeidahermodyn Meirelles(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Prof. Jos Vladimir de Oliveira(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Eduardo Cassel(Pontificia Universidade Catnlica Do Rio Greade Do Sol) Saul Gonalves d' Avila(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Marcelo Castier(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Prof. Martin Aznar(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Krishnaswamy Rajagopal(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Affonso C.C. Silva Telles(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Frederico Wanderley Tavares(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Silvana Mattedi(Universidade Federal da Bahia) Luiz Antonio Ferreira Coelho(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) 191 Design Jacques Niederberger(Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro) Marcelo Castier(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Prof. Paulo Csar da Costa Pinheiro(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Daiton de Freitas Rezende(Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missues) Separations Prof. Antonio Jos de Almeida Meirelles(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Supercritical Fluids Prof. Jos Vladimir de Oliveira(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Silvio A. B. Vieira De Melo(Universidade Tiradentes) Eduardo Cassel(Pontificia Universidade Catnlica Do Rio Greade Do Sol) Saul Gonalves d' Avila(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) M. Angela A. Meireles(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Daiton de Freitas Rezende(Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missues) Luiz Antonio Ferreira Coelho(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Statistical Mechanics Prof. Jos Vladimir de Oliveira(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Molecular Simulation Prof. Jos Vladimir de Oliveira(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Marcelo Castier(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Frederico Wanderley Tavares(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Luiz Antonio Ferreira Coelho(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Separation Process Eduardo Cassel(Pontificia Universidade Catnlica Do Rio Greade Do Sol) Saul Gonalves d' Avila(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) M. Angela A. Meireles(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Krishnaswamy Rajagopal(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Thermodynamics Prof. Martin Aznar(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Polymers 192 Prof. Martin Aznar(Universidade Estadual de Campinas) Asphaltenes Krishnaswamy Rajagopal(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Molecular Engineering Affonso C.C. Silva Telles(Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) ORGANOMETALLIC RESEARCH CENTRES IN BRAZIL (source: http://www.scc.um.es) Instituto de Quimica CP 6154, Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13081-970 Campinas, Brazil DIAS, Gilson H. M., Dr. E-mail: [email protected]; MORIGAKI, Milton, Dr. E-mail: [email protected]; URSINI, Cleber V.; HERBST, Marcelo (fullerene, platinum, metalcarbonyl) Instituto de Quimica, Dept. de Quimica Inorganica, Unicamp, CP 6154, CEP 13083-970, Campinas/SP, BRAZIL STEIN, Edison, Prof.; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone +550197887881; Fax: +550192393805; http:www.iqm.unicamp.br (Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry of Fe, Ru, Os, Co. Syntheses and electrochemical characterization of the metal complexes) AE Mauro, Unesp, Inst Quim Araraquara, CP 355, BR-14800900 Araraquara, Sp, Brazil DW Franco, USP, Inst Fis & Quim Sao Carlos, CP 369, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, Sp, Brazil EJS Vichi, Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, C Postal 6154, BR-13084 100 Campinas, Sp, Brazil ER Dockal, Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Quim, Caixa Postal 676, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, Brazil IVP Yoshida, Univ Campinas, Inst Chem, CP 6154, BR-13083970 Campinas, Brazil J Dupont, Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Inst Quim, AV Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-92501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 193 MD Vargas, Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, CP 6154, BR-13081 Campinas, Sp, Brazil MJ Dabdoub, Univ Sao Paulo, Ffcl, Dept Quim, AV Bandeirantes, BR-3900 Ribeirao Pre, Sp, Brazil 194 ACS Member Characteristics – Brazil (Source: ACS Info Central, 1999) 195 ACS Members in Brazil - Interests Areas Agriculture and Food Analytical Biochemistry Biotechnology Agriculture and Food Chemical Education 5% Colloids and Surfaces Computing/Molecular Modeling Analytical Energy/Fuels 14% Environmental Physical 6% Inorganic Marketing/Sales/Business Polymers/Plastics Biochemistry 4% Materials 5% Organic Pharmaceutical/Med 12% Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Biotechnology Polymers/Plastics 2% Physical Colloids and Surfaces 2% Organic 33% Environmental 5% Energy/Fuels Materials 4% 2% Mketing/Sales/Bus Inorganic 3% 4% 196 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses – Brazil 1) In which sector are you employed? (Please select one item) Industry: 2 Higher Education: 13 Professional and/or Trade Association: 0 Government: 0 Other - Please specify: Hospital R&D 2) Do you and/or your colleagues participate in any professional scientific activities involving chemically related industry / higher education collaboration? Yes: 12 No: 4 NA: 0 3) If your answer to Item #2 is Yes, are you personally involved in the activity? Yes: 8 No: 4 If your answer is Yes, please describe how. Giving courses and seminars and development of research projects. ** Research and teaching and mentoring graduate students ** One of our research areas is optimization of chemical processes. ** Purification and separation of Rare-earths ** Pest control using pheromones ** As an analytical chemist, I have helped to implement new methodologies and new instrumental techniques in industries and private laboratories. I also responsible (or collaborator) for the organization of short courses involving topics as sample preparation and ICP's to the industrial world. Nowadays I am organizing a web-site to transfer analytical chemical information to industrial chemists. 4) Are your colleagues involved? Yes: 8 No: 2 5) What type of industry is involved in the collaboration? Energy: 3 Agricultural Chemicals: 2 Basic Chemical Production: 2 197 Polymers: 1 Fine Chemicals: 5 Metals: 0 Rubber: 0 Other - Please specify: Oil Company, Food Industry. ** Food (coffee)- (methodology development for Carbohydrate determination)Drugs and Cosmetics, and Freezers and Refrigerators- (waste treatment) ** biotech ** biological macromolecules 6) What companies are participating in the collaboration? Brazilian Petroleun – PETROBRAS ** Several industries associated to the Associao Brasileira de Quimica ** CETEM/CNPq ** Cacique de Café Solúvel Hossmann, Krys Belt ** Dinamilho Carol ** Votorantin Celulose e Papel, ICASA Agronomic Laboratory, FEMTO Analytical instruments, and others in short courses ** 7) Where is the industrial site or laboratory located? Central de Analises Chemistry Department – UFSC ** University of Sao Paulo ** Londrina- Paraná- Brazil 8) What type of activity is carried out in the collaboration? Basic Research: 9 Faculty Visits: 1 Student Visits: 5 Consulting: 3 Contract Research: 4 Quality Control: 4 Environmental Monitoring: 4 Other - Please Specify: theoretical and practical courses ** There used to be a regular program where undergraduate students were trained for one year periods in the PETROBRAS research center. This practice has been dropped in last few years for lack of funding. ** 9) What do you feel are the characteristics of a successful university / industry collaboration in Brazil? Participation of graduate students, professors and researchers. ** The answer to this very HYPOTHETICAL situation would be to have a TRUE two-way collaboration. Too often, industry wants (free) input from the University but offers nothing significant in return. When there is a real need (such as in environmental monitoring) industry reluctantly contracts someone (who may be a private consultant or someone from an appropriate university department). Such a contract is short term and rarely, if ever, contributes anything to the university, except perhaps a few reais 198 (pseudo-dollars) of "overhead", in case the contract was made though an official university-related funding agency. However, the industry may try to have the contract done outside of such channels. ** Academia and Industry do not have a long history of collaboration in Brazil. As I supose it is all over the world, the industry is usually interested in short term results and the University, besides the research itself, is intended to graduate people. So, a medium to long term research is desirable in order to provide the students a solid formation. I think the success in making such a collaboration in Brazil and in any country will depend on how people from academia and industry mix up both interests. Neither too short nor too long terms. We need to have a collaboration that may help the Industry to solve problems and develop new technologies (new concepts - new challenges) and that may guarantee for the University the possibilities of graduating students and making publication, which are the basis of the academic world. However, I am not against more applied reserch in the University, where short term goals and conficenciality are required. I just do not think that this should be the only kind or the most important kind of collaboration between University and Industry. The industry should see the University as a place where innovation and new scientific concepts can be created, which may have impact on the technological knowledge, rather than see the University as a place where you can order or buy a service. ** In many sectors, the industry is not fully prepared to comply with several regulations. The University can contribute from better product development to quality control. Many times the Industry needs help on troubleshooting specific problems. ** Most commonly, the industry acquires expertise for dealing with some practical or theoretical problems and in exchange it pays for new equipment, fellowships, scholarships, and so on. In some cases, the industry may invest in academic research related to its field of activity with longer term potential return. ** Since Brazil has inumerous social and related problems, I believe any goal-oriented enterprise (like development of new products/processes, environmental-friendly technology, etc) are very welcome, not only in Brazil but also in Latin America. ** I am personally interested in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry. As far as I know there is not an extensive collaboration with the industry because the foreign laboratories do not do research in Brazil and the national industry is small. However, a few companies, a notorious example is Biobras, were created inside universities by faculty members. In the Sao Carlos campus of the University of Sao Paulo a foundation was created to advance this kind of collaboration. I know some people there and may send more details later. ** personal contact ** Absolutely necessary albeit still restricted ** For the industry: should be aware that investment in research is a long(or medium) term endeavor For academic personnel: should be willing to analize if their research interest can be applied ** Identifying university professors willing to work on relative short time and narrow focus projects aimed at solving industry related problems. ** The collaboration is still slow but the industry is requesting the exchange with the university at this time, mainly with relationship to the control of generated residues at Londrina- Paraná State ** I feel that in our area, this is a process that is beginning in Brazil. The country remained essentially closed to international commerce during decades. Nowadays it is very open and the need to compete becomes imperative. The most critical point is to make clear that the academic knowledge has an important role in the improvement of chemical processes. Sometimes academic professionals are seeing as typical government employees, and this does not have a good connotation in Brazil. 10) What facilitates development of such collaborations? 199 Scholarships, funds for mobilities of students and professors and for the projects. ** Sincerity on the part of both (groups of) participants. Recognition of the long range value of such a collaboration by the interested parties. ** In Brazil what certainly facilitates the collaboration is the previous friendship or professional relationship between the parts. We are still a small chemical community here in Brazil. So, many collaborations arises from the previous interchange between an University professor and an industry employee. For instance, some professors now in Brazil came from Industry (and vice-versa too). Also many PhD in the industry graduated under a certain University group and intend to keep collaborating (It is usual to do a PhD study while in industry, as an employee). Nowadays the government also has some special research programs which for a professor to apply for, he (she) must have a collaboration with an industry (not necessary a contract). Most of the times there is no money involved. ** The lack of qualified personal in great number and lack of research laboratories inside the industrial park. Most of chemical plants in Brazil are branches of the Major chemical industries from all of the world (Mainly from US, France, and Germany) and they do not do any research. ** The existence of a research center also at the company and in some cases a visible competitive advantage of the activity, which helps to attract funds from the government. ** Interpersonal skills and ability to create vision and hence buy in ** I believe that nowadays, many researches are trying to make such collaborations. Most important, brazilian universities are encouraging those enterprises. ** The existence of people wearing two hats, in the University and the Industry. ** seminars training programs for industry personnel ** Closer interation and interest specially from the industry ** Mixed meetings where both parties would look for points of mutual interest. ** Using university resources is a cost effective way of solving some industrial problems. ** The university contributes with the technology that the industry doesn't sometimes have. The necessity facilitate. ** Fast results and gain in productivity. ** 11) What hinders or is problematic for development of such collaborations? The actual situation of economy in Brazil with high interest, leaves the industry without investiment in research. ** Lack of examples of successful collaborations from past experience. ** The bureaucracy from the University side and the mentality of the managers which many times are not willing to pay a fair value for analysis or product development ** As I mentioned before, industry normally thinks in short term, while the University thinks as long term. In Brazil this is very much intensified. As a matter of fact, very few chemical industries have R&D Centres or are interested in research in Brazil. In part because most of the chemical plants belong to foreign enterprises, which R&D Centres are abroad. On the other hand, the Brazilian enterprises are too foccused on profit making. R&D sounds like a waste of money. On the other hand, the faculty members in brazilian Universities are still too academic in origin. Many have never interact or visit an industry. They are not used to work under deadline pressure, as are people in industry. In summary, there is still a conflict of interest between academia and industry that impare the launch of a more extensive collaboration. In addition, many industries in Brazil do not have R&D centres. I should confess that there have been a good progress on this issue, specially after the government established those special programs for University/industry collaboration. Nevertheless, in chemistry we are miles distant to what you have in US and 200 Europe and mostly large brazilian conglomerates like Petrobras use to have some kind of interaction with academia. ** Most companies have only a short term perspective, in part because the economy is not quite stable. Many Brazilian-based companies were bought by foreign ones. In such cases, a longer term vision dominates, but on the other hand many of such companies prefer to invest mostly in production. ** inertia and lack so far of successful models ** I believe many professionals (in the university) are not willing to accept those collaborations, since for many years, the governement paid almost all research done in Brazil. Today, many professionals, are not prepared to find new forms of financial support. ** Multinational companies do not make research in Brazil. ** differences on how the two groups regards the variable time; other big problem is the patent law in Brazil ** The actual situation of economy in Brazil with high interest, leaves the industry without investiment in research. ** economic instability ** Some prejudices as "Industry only is interested in problems that can be solved in a short time. Most of the time the problems are pure routine" "University people is too theoric and are not interested in real world problems" ** Much of this kind of work is not suitable for publication. Many university professors in Brasil are not interested in aplied research. ** The research financing in Brazil, even if related to the industry it is difficult and slow. A lot of times the industry only comes when results already exist in the university of something related. ** Most of the chemical companies in Brazil are multi-national, so there is no development of process or products over here. Once they start to do research here, the collaborations would be facilitate. ** The lack of culture for this type of association. The lack of a clear federal politics in R&D. ** 12) What, in your opinion, would improve the quality and sustainability of university / industry collaborations, and have you encountered or do you expect to encounter issues of intellectual property how can this, too be improved? It's necessary more orientation on how to do it. ** (1) Improvement of quality/sustainability will/would require guidelines based on prior experience of successful collaborations. (2) Problems of intellectual property will certainly arise. Most universities are very jealous of the "intellectual output" of their faculty and prohibit contracts which have restrictions on publications and/or patent ownership. (3) Recognition, by the industrial side, of the "special needs" of the university and its faculty. ** In terms of collaboration with brazilian industries I think that improvements can be made when the industry start thinking that R&D is not a waste of mony, but certainly an investment. They must also see the University as a place for developing new concepts and knowledge, which can change their technology at long term, rather than seeing the University as a place to call when a problem emerge (this is also important for University/industry collaboration, but cannot be the only way for collaboration). From the part of the University we should become more "professional" in the sense that our researches, even though fundamental in essence, should serve as a basis for new technological improvements. We must think that it is very healthy the collaboration with an industry and we should not avoid it or be affraid of doing so. There are many scientists in brazilian Universities that still thinks that "we should only do basic research and not be involved with industrial problems". This is a quite romantic point of view and extremely old fashioned. In summary, both parts must converge to an equilibrium point: Industry should think more long term and University more short term. 201 Concerning the intellectual property this will always be a problem. Who contracts a research normally thinks that is contracting a service (and this is true) and every information coming from this contract should, in principle, belongs to him. On the other hand, one of the major goal of the University is to provide universal knowledge. One of the best way to achieve this is through publication. Them, when establishing a collaboration between industry and academia this part should be very clear in the contract. I think that the industry should minimize too applied collaborations, where the data obtained is of great relevance to technological aspects. This kind of research should be carried out preferentially in the R&D labs and not in the University. On the other hand, whenever a patent possibility is highlighted, the University and the Industry should share the rights. I do not have great experience in this issue, but I know that Petrobras has a policy of sharing patents arisen from University collaboration in 3 parts: one for the petrobras, other for the University and the other for the faculty member responsible for the research. I do not know if the rate of sharing is equal for the 3 parts. ** The university/industry relationship varies from institution to institution and some universities are more open to this collaboration than others, however, I believe that if any industry is willing to have any sort of cooperation with the university, they can easily find one that will be able to competently execute the project. ** This is an important issue, but I do not have suggestions at the moment. I feel that intellectual property should be guaranteed to products or ideas when commercialized, but access should be free or very affordable when the use is for further research and development, especially in academics. ** Top level company management sponsorship ** I guess in many areas, we don't have ways to put in contact both sides. Usually, seminars or scientific meetings are very restrictive (industry-oriented or university-ralated matters). I believe intellectual property always, must be respected. Surely enough, I have to admit that in Brazil, we are not willing to accept it. However, I guess that this behavior is changing. ** Protection of intellectual property is problematic, even between academia and Brazilian entrepreneurs. The situation may improve with time, as these collaborations become more common. ** a good collaboration or consulting contract can resolve this issue by stipulating a non disclosure clause. All my contracts have such a clause. ** more orientation. ** Direct participation of industries[as a group] in the university's economical organization affairs. ** 1- Built up a platform of areas of common interest. 2- Define goals (industry)3- Define ways (university)** Pressure from funding institutions, stressing the importance of aplied research. ** It is necessary to look for information and intellectual formation gone back to the interests of the industry and society. The collaboration with industrialized countries whose relationships Industry / University is solid and that can change information. Mercosul is taking the state of Paraná to a frank agricultural and industrial development, considering the implanted politics of support to the industrialization. ** 13) Which particular university / industry collaborations would you identify as outstanding? If at all possible, please provide contact name, position, company, address, telephone, fax, email and www address. Here at the Intitute we have a good example of a long standing collaboration in the field of material chemistry. The colaborator is Prof. Marcus Vinicius Fonseca ([email protected]) which has a collaboration with a brazilian industry named Carboox. He serves as a consultant and 202 carry out specific research and control analysis for this industry. Indeed, Prof. Fonseca is one of the few examples that I know in Brazil of a faculty member that looks for collaboration with industries. ** I do not have much information on that. I know that Motorola has a good agreement with the University of Sao Paulo. I also know that the petroleum industry has fruitful collaborations with universities, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro. ** I'd like to suggest you to take a look in the following site: http://pcserver.iqm.unicamp.br/~ines/ This professor has a long experience in dealing with indistries. Also, UNICAMP, (www.unicamp.br), is considered the most agressive university on those matters. ** Petrobras and the COPPE of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro ** CENPES/Petrobras and Univ.Fed. Sao Carlos and EMBRAPA/Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul ** I know of a few projects with UFRJ, PUC RJ and UNICAMP, my coleagues may have more detailed information. ** Univeridade Estadual de Londrina: Suzana Nixdorf- e-mail: [email protected] Carlos Câmara- e-mail: [email protected] Aneli Melo- e-mail: [email protected] At this moment a have only the e-mails. ** One relevant point in university/industry collaborations here is the organization of short courses to up-to-date knowledge of industrial chemists. The Associacao Brasileira de Quimica (Brazilian Association of Chemistry) has a very good program that is working pretty well. Please check: http://www.allchemy.iq.usp.br ** 14) For university / industry collaborations which involve scientist, researcher, or student mobility across national borders, what skills or capacities should a participant have to be successful? To be a graduate student and involved in a research group. ** Willingness to work(and intellectual honesty). ** If we speak about collaboration between University and industries in different countries we must bear in mind that cultural differences is a barrier. For instance, the speed of response for latins and saxons is different due to several factor. We do not have here in Latin America the same facilities you have in US and Europe for buying chemicals or making equipment maintenance. On the other hand, we have good students and scientistists. For the industry I believe that they should think on making a collaboration to answer more fundamental questions or to develop new technological concepts or strategies. I do not think that too short term goals would work well due to distance and differences in response rates between industry and University, and in this case, from different nations with different countries. For the University I think that the scientists should bear in mind that the reality of their native country is different from the reality of the industry`s contracting country. They should be aware of the chemical scenario in the world and must have rapid acess to the chemical literature through the internet (preferentially). Indeed, for a rapid and efficient communication I think that a good access to the internet is a requirement for such a collaboration. However, many places in Latin America still have problems in accessing the internet. Finally, I believe that scientists and students should be highly creatives and pursue new answers and concepts for a determined problem. In my opinion, when a 203 foreign industry wish to collaborate with a University of a less developed country they are searching for new and also simple ideas or solution for their problems (new thoughts or new raw materials, etc). Therefore, I high degree of creativity and a good knowledge of the chemical literature together with an active scientific production is, in my opinion, the most important skills for a scientist to succeed in such an international collaboration. ** Computational, language, and interdisciplinary skills ** Solid background in the discipline, fluent English, and evidence of past achievements which stand out somehow. ** language skills and desire to succeed ** I believe: scientific skills, knowledge of the language and culture and personal initiative. ** A general answer to this question would also need some research. My personal experience is that my ability to make calculations about biopeptides is being useful in a collaboration with an university in Argentina. ** Speak Portuguese and English as their native language. Know the culture so as to be trusted. ** To be a graduate student and involved in a research group. ** English language , computation[basic and advanced] ** Fluency of local language ** Previous involvment of the student in aplied research. Comitment of the student's research group with industry. ** A good formation in the specialties that could be requested. The industry has been requesting solutions for the treatment or reuse of its residues, due to the concern of the society to the atmosphere.Therefore, the problems that need of solution they are very wide. ** To know portuguese or spanish is a must (from the USA to Brazil). ** 15) Other comments or thoughts on university / industry collaborations in Brazil? What aspects of the chemical industry sector do you see as most promising for industry / university collaboration? Environmental Chemistry, Food processing and Medicinal chemistry. ** (1) When considering local (Brazilian) industry, an important impediment to such collaborations is the very long list of Brazilian government regulations which inhibit founding / operation of small firms. Such regulations are relaxed or waived for "outside" firms to act as an incentive to invest in Brazil. The problem is the word "invest", usually considered to mean "make as large a profit as quickly as possible". Thus, there is little incentive for "outside" investment to make long term commitments, 204 which includes establishing meaningful collaborations with "local" universities (or industry). (2) Biodiversity is a very hot topic in Brazil at this moment. There are two lines of thought: One is "the forest is ours, strangers keep out", while the other would like to investigate the possibilities but realizes that considerable investment is needed to do all the screening, etc. Up to now, the multinationals which have shown interest in Brazilian biodiversity have wanted all the benefits to accrue to them - and have ignored, or even inhibited efforts by Brazilian university professors and their local collaborators. This is an area which offers MANY possibilities, and one in which Brazilian university professors have outstanding capabilities. However, whatever contacts that have been made (of which I am aware) have all been one-sided - "send me your extracts (for free, of course) and we'll tell you if there is anything there". As everyone knows, synthesizing a promising compound is usually more profitable than trying to obtain it by extraction from natural products, so whatever interesting compounds that are found in the extracts are "lost" to the multinational. This has created a certain cynicism on the part of our Brazilian colleagues. ** issue is of great interest also to me I took more than a few minutes to answer, so I could better reflect on several important points raised by the questionaire. If you need other assistance in this or other related issue I will be glad in helping you. I would appreciate you take a few minutes to visit the web-page of my research group at (http://www.iq.ufrj.br/~cmota) which has now an english version. ** answer: As I commented before, this kind of collaboration in Brazil is still rare due to two major facts: most of the chemical industries in Brazil do not have R&D centres and secondly because the brazilian entreprises still see R&D as a wasting of money and not as an investment. In recent years the brazilian government has launched special programs to incentivate the collaboration between University and industry. These programs are going well, but the majority of the money involved come from the government, so there is little risk for the industries. I participate in two (applying for a third one) of these programs, where I keep the collaboration with Petrobras. The subject of research in those programs are not too applied, but are of relevance to the industry and they are interested in. Concerning the most promissing sectors for collaboration I think that chances for a good success involving collaboration between University/industry in Brazil and abroad are petroleum, petrochemical and natural products. The first two fields have a long tradition to collaborate with University and in Brazil I think that, specially petroleum chemistry has a stronger tradition of collaborating with the University. Here with the end of the monopoly by Petrobras, the sector is expect to expand and large degree of competition is also expected. The petrochemical does not have a stronger tradition of collaboration with Universities but may improve or, at least, people working in petroleum process chemistry in Universities could do a good interaction with petrochemical industries, as both fields are related. Finally I think natural products is a sector whose collaboration between industry and University can grow very much. Brazil is a tropical country and has a big potential for discovering new chemicals from plants and fruits. The sector still do not involve a large amount of 205 money but is highly specialized. ** The multi-national companies are very self suuficient through their central research groups and prefer to import a key researcher than invest in local talent. Our Brazilian companies on the other hand generally want immediate replies to very simple technical questions without investing in qualified personnel, even at the technician's level much less at the university level. They also seem to expect professional help for free as they pay taxes which support our public universities. There are of course examples of successful cooperation between more enlightened companies and some colleagues, although unfortunately few and far between. My comments are not anonymous, as they have been expressed on many occasions in public. ACS might like to suggest to the many American chemical companies installed in Brazil that they can find local competence through our Brazilian Chemical Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Quimica). ** The most positive aspect I see is that the room for expansion. The market is currently retracted and many positions should be made available upon an acceleration of Brazilian economy. ** Key sectors are: uses of biomass (e.g., Brazil uses alcohol from sugar cane as fuel in cars, pure or mixed with gasoline), petroleum (exploration and petrochemical industry), materials chemistry, environmental monitoring. ** Intermediate chemical industry development ie at the coatings development stage as opposed to basic chemicals production as an example. ** I'd like to point out that São Paulo State, has done an excellent work in public funding, since Gov. Mário Covas assumed his position. FAPESP (www.fapesp.br) its major funding institution, has changed its viewpoint, and now offers, for example, grants for industry-universities projects. I believe, in few years, we'll begin to see the results of this initiative. Also, in the last 5 years, federal government has changed our traditional politics, allowing a more free-market economy, liberalizing imports and other important reforms, which I believe, has also changed the university's viewpoint. I guess, today, many researches are likely to accept and try to work out with industries. Few years ago, since there was no competition among industries, there was no interest in impoving a product. Now, (slowly but consistently) the collaboarations industry/university are begining to flourish. Also, since in the next year, brazilian GDP is stimated to grow at least 4%, I believe, those opportunities will become real. ** People see the Biotech enterprise as promising, because, although it is almost non-existing, it is becoming increasingly important. Thank for the opportunity to show my views. I am personally interested in this issue. ** extration of sea products [ algae,salts,minerals] ** The University and the Association of Industries should form o board of experts that would analize the main areas of common interest. ** Improving quality and productivity. ** The current denationalization of brazilian industry has had a devastating effect in its fledging chemical industry. As a result a disproportionally large percentage of chemists and chemical engineers ends up in the oil industry. Half of CRQ (Rio de Janeiro Chemists Guild) affiliates belong to PETROBRAS, acording to its latest bulletin. ** I know better the industries of Londrina- Paraná that are mainly in the section of Foods, batteries, pesticides and textile. The one of pesticides, multinational, has its doors closed for the exchange with the university for the research development, even with the interest for researchers of these university. The sections of Foods, as well as of batteries it maintains a good contact that can come to establish 206 interesting relationships. ** Drugs development for tropical diseases ** There is a lot of room for improvement in chemical processes towards implementation of environmental friendly processes. I feel that this efforts are underway. The training in quality control, e.g. validation of analytical methodologies, and the improvement of analytical industrial labs is also a must. 207 Funding Organizations with Interests in Brazil Vitae, Apoio à Cultura, Educação e Promoçao Social Rua Oscar Freire 379, 5 andar 01426-001 Sao Paulo, Brazil Tel: +55-11-3061-5299; Fax: +55-11-883-6361 Regina Weinberg, Executive Director 1998 Appropriations: US$5.4 million (42% education) Americas (AMERICAS) Program of the National Science Foundation Ph: 703/306-1706;Fax: 703/306-0474 www.nsf.gov Regional Coordinator:Harold Stolberg [email protected] Central and South America (except Mexico, Brazil): Beverly [email protected] Brazil: Susan Parris [email protected] Brazil: Jean Barile [email protected] Rockwell International Corporation Contributions Program 2201 Seal Beach Rd., Box 4250 Seal Beach , CA 90740 Purpose and Activities: Rockwell's giving priorities are: 1) Engineering/math/science education at both the K-12 and post secondary levels. At the post secondary levels, major grants are reserved for colleges/universities from which Rockwell has sucessfully recruited, schools whose research programs are of interest, and schools which are sources of lifelong learning for Rockwell employees. Lesser grants are awarded to schools in Rockwell communities. K-12 priorities include programs to improve educational delivery systems, to improve student learning, and to upgrade the capabilites of math and science teachers in Rockwell communities; and 2) Organizations which provide services in communities where Rockwell has facilities and employees. These include a broad range of health, human service, civic, cultural, and United Way organizations. Total Giving: $1,872,469 Grants Amount: $1,360,411 Highest Grant: $5,000 Lowest Grant: $36 Average Grant: 100-5000 In-Kind Amount: $512,058 Grantmaking Programs: ** Civic and Community: Grants are donated to organizations which support community improvement, provide job training and placement, and which concentrate on environmental conservation and ecology. ** Culture and the Arts: Contributions are directed to museums, public radio and television, symphony orchestras, libraries, cultural and performing arts organizations, and theaters for the performing arts, mainly in communities where the company operates. ** Education: The company provides grants to colleges and universities with large research programs as well as schools of interest to Rockwell International and schools from which Rockwell recruits employees. Rockwell also supports organizations which improve elementary and secondary school education in major facility communities. ** Health and Human Services: Company grants focus on hospitals, medical centers, health organizations, community 208 service organizations, and youth groups. Recipients inlcude YMCA, YWCA, United Way, and American Red Cross. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas where company has facilities internationally, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China/Hong Kong, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Program Limitations: No support for religious organizations for religious purposes or non-501(c)(3) organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Staff: 4 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles giving. Requests from organizations which provide services in communities where Rockwell has a presence should be sent to the manager of the nearest local Rockwell facility. Application form not required. Initial approach: Proposal to nearest company facility. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Monthly. Final notification: 2 months. Write: William R. Fitz Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Building/renovation; Equipment; Endowments; Program development; Conferences/seminars; Curriculum development; Fellowship funds; Scholarship funds; Research; Employee matching gifts; Donated equipment; Donated products; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Engineering school/education; Education; Health care; Health organizations; Human services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; International economic development; Federated giving programs; Mathematics; Engineering & technology; Engineering; Science; Government/public administration; Minorities; Canada; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Mexico; Brazil; China; Japan; Hong Kong; Australia; Community development; Employment; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Secondary school/education; Early childhood education; Youth, services; Hospitals (general); Health associations Damien Foundation Russ Bldg. 235 Montgomery St., Ste. 1120 San Francisco , CA 94104 (415) 421-7555 Purpose and Activities: "The foundation's aim is to empower those whose vision for humanity and the planet is democratic, fair and environmentally sound. The foundation supports grassroots organizations and projects whose work reflects compassion, consciousness and commitment. The foundation takes an international approach to grantmaking, awarding many of its grants in South America, especially in Brazil. The planet's delicate ecological situation is a challenge to which the foundation responds by directing a significant portion of our grants to environmental projects, particularly those that help raise awareness of the complex issues involved. Projects organized by women or that evoke women's transformative potential are encouraged. Communities that nurture the social, psychological and spiritual dimensions of the individual are favored." Assets Amount: $1,229,703 AM Total Giving: $76,900 Grants Amount: $76,900 Number of Grants: 6 209 Highest Grant: $30,000 Lowest Grant: $1,548 Average Grant: 5000-10000 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, with emphasis on Brazil; giving also in Europe. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustee:* Tara Lamont*, Pres.; Mark Rabine, Secy.; Humberto Mafra, Treas. and Exec. Dir. Application Information: Application form not required. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Varies. Write: Mark Rabine, Secy. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Program development; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Women, centers & services; Psychology/behavioral science; Women; South America; Brazil Brazilian Association of Technological Research Institutions Address: SCLN 109 bloco C Tel: +55-61-3403277 salas 202-204 Fax: +55-61-2733600 Brasilia, 70752-530 E-mail: [email protected] Home page: http://www.abipti.org.br In-Charge: Mr. Lynaldo de Albuquerque, Executive Director Contact with WAITRO: Mr. Lynaldo de Albuquerque, Executive Director History ABIPTI is a non-governmental organization created in 1984. It represents the Brazilian research community, linking about sixty of the main technological research institutes all over the country. Objectives ABIPTI's objective is to co-ordinate, harmonize and diffuse the results of the governmental and non-governmental technological research institutes. It represents the Brazilian research institutes. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Basic Industries Technologies (TIB), quality, metrology, science and technology information, science and technology management, standardization, productivity. Facilities and Services Consultancy and training: ABIPTI offers seminars, courses and studies in the same area of interest as the associated institutes. ABIPTI has also provided consultancy services to some Brazilian universities and small industries, a technological information centre called CAICT and 210 also an international department with the objective to provide international technical co- operation. Publications The Brazilian Lateness in the Field of Scientific and Technological Development; Science, Technology, Society, Development and National Power; Scientific and Technological Policy; The Inter-Regional Economic Imbalance: Science Technology and Region. Interests in International R&D Co-operation Technological institutions management, research evaluation, new areas of technical development, and international technical co-operation. Available Programmes/Opportunities Quality control in the research institutes, the role of research institutes in the nineties, territorial management, international technical co-operation. Technological Center Foundation of Minas Gerais Address: Av. José Cândidi da Silveira, Tel: +55-31-4892000 2000 aixa Postal 2306 Fax: +55-31-4862200 Horto 31170-000 Belo Horizonte E-mail: [email protected] Minas Gerais In-Charge: Contact with WAITRO: Dr. Evando Mirra de Paula e Silva, President History The Technological Center Foundation of Minas Gerais is a non-profit foundation created in March 1972. After January 1977, upon the creation of the State Secretariat for Science and Technology, CETEC became one of its affiliated institutions and the major objectives of the Institute are to assist the mining industry. Besides being an accredited executive institution to carry out parts of the Basic Plan of Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil, CETEC also provides technological assistance to the local industries. Objectives To study and solve technological problems arising from or related to the productive system. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Applied sciences, engineering, techno-economic and social studies, productivity studies, industrial engineering. 211 Facilities and Services Pilot plant operations, technical information, performance testing, standardization and quality control, library. Publications CETEC issues periodicals. Interests in International R&D Co-operation Applied sciences, engineering, food technology, metallurgy, etc. Available Programmes/Opportunities Training, seminars, workshops. National Institute of Technology Address: Av. Venezuela Tel: +55-21-2233166 20.081-310 RJ Fax: +55-21-2636552 82 Rio de Janeiro E-mail: [email protected] In-Charge: Ing. Alfredo Octavio Russo, Contact with WAITRO: Mr. Caetano Moraes, Sub-Director History INTI is an autonomous organization within the Ministry of Industry created in 1957 to assist industry in solving the technological, training and management problems arising from its development and operation. This assistance is given to industry in the form of applied technical research, testing and investigation, courses, lectures, symposia, etc., carried out at their main laboratories or through the research centres of the INTI System. Objectives To assist industry in solving the technological, training and managerial problems arising from its development and operation. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Food technology, leather, paper and textile technologies, rubber technology, metrology, materials behaviour and testing (fatigue, creep, fracture, testing, etc.) and quality control. Facilities and Services 212 Basic and applied research, development, pilot plant operations, industrial implementation of research results. Publications A quarterly review and a weekly bulletin. Interests in International R&D Co-operation In areas of R&Dactivity Available Programmes/Opportunities Seminars, workshops. Institute for Technological Research of the State of São Pulo (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo S.A.) Address: International Relations Division Tel: +55-11-2682211 Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" Fax: +55-11-8195730 P.O.Box 0141 E-mail: [email protected] São Paulo - SP In-Charge: Dr. Plinio Assmann, Superintendent Director Contact with WAITRO: Dr. Plinio Assmann, Superintendent Director History IPT was founded in 1899 as the Strength of Materials Bureau of the Escola Politécnica of São Paulo. In 1931 it became officially the laboratory for Materials Testing and in 1934 when it acquired its present name, it became an institute annex to the University of São Paulo. In 1944 it became an independent institute and in 1976 it was restructured as a state-owned, non-profit public corporation. As the result of an administrative reorganization, IPT´s technical activities are currently developed under eight technical divisions. Objectives To provide for the demand of science and technology of the public and private sectors in its areas of specialization, and to contribute to the development of science and technology. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Civil engineering, economics and systems engineering, geology, mechanics and electricity, metallurgy, forest products, chemistry and transportation technology. 213 Facilities and Services Training, systems of metrology and industrial standards, documentation centre and protection of patents, testing and analyses, technological development, data banks (Dialogue). Publications Technical bulletins, technical communications, manuals, textbooks, congress proceedings. Interests in International R&D Co-operation Technology transfer, linkages, contracts, training, seminars. Available Programmes/Opportunities Training, seminars, workshops. 214 For More Information on Brazil (source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/brazil.html) http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/brazil.html EIA - Historical Energy Data on Brazil http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/sumt.html Summit of the Americas Fact Sheet 215 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors - Chile 216 National Overview – Chile (Source: World Factbook, 1999) Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru Geographic coordinates: 30 00 S, 71 00 W Map references: South America Area: total: 756,950 sq km land: 748,800 sq km water: 8,150 sq km note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez Area—comparative: slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana Land boundaries: total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km Coastline: 6,435 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south Terrain: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,962 m Natural resources: copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 18% forests and woodland: 22% other: 55% (1993 est.) 217 Irrigated land: 12,650 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis Environment—current issues: air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification Environment—international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography—note: strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions People Population: 14,787,781 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 28% (male 2,134,701; female 2,043,112) 15-64 years: 65% (male 4,768,366; female 4,811,403) 65 years and over: 7% (male 426,924; female 603,275) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 1.27% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 18.28 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 5.55 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 10.39 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.16 years male: 72.01 years 218 female: 78.48 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.3 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Chilean(s) adjective: Chilean Ethnic groups: white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2% Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish Languages: Spanish Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.2% male: 95.4% female: 95% (1995 est.) Government Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Chile conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile Data code: CI Government type: republic National capital: Santiago Administrative divisions: 13 regions (regiones, singular—region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica Independence: 18 September 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September (1810) Constitution: 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989 Legal system: based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced 219 by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: President Ricardo Lagos (Jan 2000); note—the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government; elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election results: Lagos (Concertacion Party – coalition of socialists and Christian Democrats) 51.3%. Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (48 seats, 38 elected by popular vote; members serve eight-year terms—one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate—last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001); Chamber of Deputies—last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001) election results: Senate—percent of vote by party—NA; seats by party—Coalition of Parties for Democracy 20 (PDC 14, PS 4, PPD 2), Union for the Progress of Chile 17 (RN 7, UDI 10), independent 10; Chamber of Deputies—percent of vote by party— Coalition of Parties for Democracy 50.55% (PDC 22.98%, PS 11.10%, PPD 12.55%, PRSD 3.13%), Union for the Progress of Chile 36.23% (RN 16.78%, UDI 14.43%); seats by party— Coalition of Parties for Democracy 70 (PDC 39, PPD 16, PRSD 4, PS 11), Union for the Progress of Chile 46 (RN 24, UDI 21, Party of the South 1), right-wing independents 4 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema), judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court Political parties and leaders: Coalition of Parties for Democracy or CPD consists mainly of: Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Enrique KRAUSS]; Socialist Party or PS [Camilo ESCALONA]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Sergio BITAR]; Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Union for the Progress of Chile or UPP consists mainly of two parties: National Renewal or RN [Alberto ESPINA]; Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Jovino NOVOA] Political pressure groups and leaders: revitalized university student federations at all major universities; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church International organization participation: APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic representation in the US: 220 chief of mission: Ambassador Andres BIANCHI chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1746 FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador John O’Leary embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Santiago mailing address: APO AA 34033 telephone: [56] (2) 232-2600 FAX: [56] (2) 330-3710 Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag Economy Economy—overview: Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy. Civilian governments - which took over from the military in March 1990—have continued to reduce the government's role in the economy while shifting the emphasis of public spending toward social programs. Growth in real GDP averaged more than 7.0% in 1991-1997, and inflation is nearing a 40-year low. Chile's currency and foreign reserves also are strong, as sustained foreign capital inflows—including significant direct investment—have more than offset current account deficits and public debt buybacks. President FREI, who took office in March 1994, has placed improving Chile's education system and developing foreign export markets at the top of his economic agenda. Despite this progress, the Chilean economy remains largely dependent on a few sectors—particularly copper mining, fishing, and forestry. Success in meeting the government's goal of sustained annual economic growth of 5% depends largely on world prices for these commodities, continued foreign investor confidence, and the government's ability to maintain a conservative fiscal stance. In 1996, Chile became an associate member of Mercosur and concluded a Free Trade Agreement with Canada. GDP: purchasing power parity—$168.5 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 7.1% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$11,600 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 8% industry: 33% services: 59% (1995 est.) 221 Inflation rate—consumer price index: 6% (1997) Labor force: total: 5.7 million (1997 est.) by occupation: services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4% (1990) Unemployment rate: 6.1% (1997) Budget: revenues: $17 billion expenditures: $17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1996 est.) Industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles Industrial production growth rate: 4.2% (1997) Electricity—capacity: 5.504 million kW (1995) Electricity—production: 24.5 billion kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 1,730 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, fruit; beef, poultry, wool; timber; 1991 fish catch of 6.6 million metric tons Exports: total value: $16.9 billion (f.o.b., 1997) commodities: copper 37%, other metals and minerals 8.2%, wood products 7.1%, fish and fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1994) partners: EU 25%, US 15%, Asia 34%, Latin America 20% (1995 est.) Imports: total value: $18.2 billion (f.o.b., 1997) commodities: capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%, foodstuffs 5.7% (1994) partners: EU 18%, US 25%, Asia 16%, Latin America 26% (1995 est.) Debt—external: $26.7 billion (1997 est.) Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $50.3 million (1996 est.) Currency: 1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos 222 Exchange rates: Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1—452.60 (January 1998), 419.30 (1997), 412.27 (1996), 396.78 (1995), 420.08 (1994), 404.35 (1993) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones: 1.5 million (1994 est.) Telephone system: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations international: satellite earth stations—2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Radio broadcast stations: AM 179, FM 614, shortwave 11 Radios: NA Television broadcast stations: 11 Televisions: 2.85 million (1992 est.) Transportation Railways: total: 6,782 km broad gauge: 3,743 km 1.676-m gauge (1,653 km electrified) narrow gauge: 116 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,923 km 1.000-m gauge (40 km electrified) (1995) Highways: total: 79,800 km paved: 11,012 km unpaved: 68,788 km (1996 est.) Waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km Ports and harbors: Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso Merchant marine: total: 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 473,173 GRT/770,619 DWT ships by type: bulk 12, cargo 9, chemical tanker 4, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 4, passenger 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2 (1997 est.) Airports: 380 (1997 est.) 223 Airports—with paved runways: total: 52 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 6 (1997 est.) Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 328 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 74 under 914 m: 234 (1997 est.) Military Military branches: Army of the Nation, National Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines), Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile (National Police), Investigations Police Military manpower—military age: 19 years of age Military manpower—availability: males age 15-49: 3,919,465 (1998 est.) Military manpower—fit for military service: males: 2,909,927 (1998 est.) Military manpower—reaching military age annually: males: 128,442 (1998 est.) Military expenditures—dollar figure: $2.8 billion (1997); note—includes earnings from CODELCO Company; probably includes costs of pensions and internal security Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 3.5% (1997) Internet in Chile: Basic Statistics (1998/1999) Personal Computers per 1000 Inhabitants: 45.1 Telephones per 1000 Inhabitants: 156 Television per 1000 Inhabitants: 280 Newspapers per 1000 Inhabitants: 100 Illiteracy Rate: 5 % Transnational Issues Disputes—international: short section of the southeastern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims 224 Illicit drugs: a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits 225 U.S. and Country Contacts – Chile (Source: International Trade Administration, 1999) Country Government Agencies Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (Ministry of Foreign Relations) Catedral 1158, Piso 3; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-3567 Fax: (56-2) 696-2165; 696-0924 Ministerio de Hacienda (Ministry of Finance) Teatinos 120, Piso 12, Oficina 32; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-0706 Fax: (56-2) 671-6479 E-mail: [email protected] Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Reconstruccion (Ministry of Economy) Teatinos 120, Piso 10; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 698-3115 672-5164 Fax: (56-2) 698-9476 Ministerio de Trabajo y Prevision Social (Ministry of Labor and Social Security) Huerfanos 1273, Piso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-6443 696-4654 Fax: (56-2) 671-6539 E-mail: [email protected] Ministerio de Obras Publicas (Ministry of Public Works) Morande 59, Piso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 361-2777 361-2776 Fax: (56-2) 672-5281 Ministerio de Salud Publica (Ministry of Public Health) Mac Iver 541, Piso 3; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 639-4084 639-4001 Fax: (56-2) 632-2405 E-mail: [email protected] Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo (Ministry of Housing and Urban Development) 226 Alameda Bdo. O'Higgins 924, Piso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 639-8267 Fax: (56-2) 633-3892 Ministerio de Agricultura (Ministry of Agriculture) Teatinos 40, Piso 9; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-5896 696-4496 Fax: (56-2) 671-6500 E-mail: [email protected] Ministerio de Mineria (Ministry of Mines) Teatinos 120; Piso 9, Oficina 5; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-1544 696-5872 698-9865 Fax: (56-2) 698-9262 Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones (Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications) Amunategui 139, Piso 3; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 672-6503 ext. 2302 Fax: (56-2) 672-4531 E-mail: [email protected] Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales (Ministry of National Property) Juan Antonio Rios 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 633-9305 Fax: (56-2) 633-6521 E-mail: [email protected] Government-Related Agencies Comision Nacional de Energia (National Energy Commission) Teatinos 120, Piso 7; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 365-6800 Fax: (56-2) 365-6834 E-mail: [email protected] Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles (Superintendency of Electricity and Fuel) Tel: (56-2) 696-4226, Ext. 306 Fax: (56-2) 672-7708 Centro de Investigacion Minera y Metalurgica (CIMM) 227 (Mining and Metallurgy Research Center) Parque Antonio Rabat 6500, Vitacura; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 218-4311 242-7446 Fax: (56-2) 208-3991 E-mail: [email protected] Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear (Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission) Amunategui 95; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 699-0070 Fax: (56-2) 699-1618 E-mail: [email protected] Corporacion Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO) (National Copper Corporation) Huerfanos 1270; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 690-3221 690-3238 Fax: (56-2) 690-3288 E-mail: [email protected] Empresa Nacional del Carbon S.A. (ENACAR) (State Coal Producing Enterprise) Ismael Valdes Vergara 670, Of. 701; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 664-2830 Fax: (56-2) 664-2835 Empresa Nacional del Petroleo (ENAP) (State Oil and Gas Producing Enterprise) Ahumada 341, Piso 3; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 280-3000 Fax: (56-2) 638-0164 Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (SERNAGEOMIN) (National Geological and Mining Agency) Santa Maria 0104, Providencia; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 737-5050 Fax: (56-2) 737-2026 E-mail: [email protected] Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion (National Development Corporation) Moneda 921, Piso 8, Oficina 809; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 631-8200 Fax: (56-2) 638-4003 E-mail: [email protected] 228 Comite de Inversiones Extranjeras (Foreign Investment Committee) Teatinos 120, Piso 10; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 698-4254 Fax: (56-2) 698-9476 E-mail: [email protected] Banco del Estado (State Bank of Chile) Alameda Bdo. O'Higgins 1111; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 670-7000 Fax: (56-2) 670-5711 Servicio de Impuestos Internos (Internal Tax Service) Teatinos 120, Piso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 692-1600 Fax: (56-2) 692-1669 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http:\\www.sii.cl Servicio Nacional de Aduanas (National Customs Service) Plaza Sotomayor 60; Valparaiso, Chile Tel: (56-32) 20-0500 Fax: (56-32) 23-0591 Beaucheff 1525; Santiago, Chile Superintendencia de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras (Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions) Moneda 1123, Piso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 699-0072 Fax: (56-2) 671-1654 Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (Superintendency of Securities and Insurance) Teatinos 120, Piso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-2194 Fax: (56-2) 698-7425 Direccion de Promocion de Exportaciones -- PROCHILE (Export Promotion Agency) Alameda Bdo. O'Higgins 1315; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-0043 Fax: (56-2) 696-0639 229 Superintendencia de Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (Pension Fund Administration) Huerfanos 1273, Piso 2; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-6074 Fax: (56-2) 698-5305 Banco Central (Central Bank) Agustinas 1180; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 670-2000 Fax: (56-2) 697-2271 Comision Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA) (National Environmental Commission) Obispo Donoso 6; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 240-5600 Fax: (56-2) 244-1262 E-mail: [email protected] Corporacion Nacional Forestal (CONAF) (National Forestry Commission) Avda. Bulnes 285, Piso 5, Oficina 501; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-6677 Fax: (56-2) 671-5881 E-mail: [email protected] Servicio Agricola y Ganadero (SAG) (Agriculture and Livestock Service) Bulnes 140, Piso 8; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-2323 Fax: (56-2) 672-1812 E-mail: [email protected] Oficina de Estudios y Politicas Agricolas (ODEPA) (Office of Agricultural Policies and Studies) Teatinos 40, Piso 8; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 696-0671 696-3241 Fax: (56-2) 671-0953 E-mail: [email protected] Servicio Nacional de Pesca (National Fisheries Service) Yungay 1731, Piso 4; Valparaiso, Chile Tel: (56-32) 21-7390 Fax: (56-32) 25-9564 230 E-mail: [email protected] Servicio Nacional de Turismo (SERNATUR) (National Tourism Service) Providencia 1550; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 236-1420 Fax: (56-2) 236-1417 E-mail: [email protected] Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Depto. Concesiones (Ministry of Public Works, Concessions Dept.) Merced 753, Piso 9; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 361-3602 Fax: (56-2) 639-0233 Direccion General de Obras Publicas (General Directorate of Public Works) Morande 59, Piso 3; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 672-7989 Fax: (56-2) 672-7989 Superintendencia de Obras Sanitarias (Superintendency of Sanitary Works) Moneda 673, Piso 7; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 382-4000 Fax: (56-2) 382-4003 E-mail: [email protected] Servicio de Salud Metropolitano del Ambiente (Metropolitan Environmental Service) Bulnes 175, Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 699-3339 671-4304 Fax: (56-2) 699-3339 Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado (FFCC del E) (Chilean State Railways) Alameda Bdo. O'Higgins 3322, Piso 3; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 335-5980 Fax: (56-2) 335-5970 E-mail: [email protected] Empresa Portuaria de Chile (EMPORCHI) (Chilean Ports Management Company) Blanco 839; Valparaiso, Chile Tel: (56-32) 257-167 Fax: (56-32) 256-189 231 Miraflores 222; Santiago Tel: (56-2) 632-5252 Direccion General de Aeronautica Civil (Civil Aviation Administration) Avda. Miguel Claro 1314; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 205-2092 Fax: (56-2) 209-5000 E-mail: [email protected] Junta de Aeronautica Civil (Civil Aviation Commission) Amunategui 139, Piso 7; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 698-5594 Fax: (56-2) 698-3148 Country Trade Associations/Chambers of Commerce Empresa Chilena de Empresas de Turismo (ACHET) (Chilean Association of Chilean Tourism Agencies) Moneda 973, Oficina 647; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 699-2140 696-5677 Fax: (56-2) 699-4245 Corporacion Chilena de la Madera (CORMA) (National Wood Corporation) Agustinas 814, Oficina 407; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 638-4194 Fax: (56-2) 639-7485 Federacion de Productores de Fruta de Chile (FEDEFRUTA) (National Fruit Producers' Association) San Antonio 220, Oficina 301; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 632-5274 Fax: (56-2) 632-7327 E-mail: [email protected] Asociacion Chilena de Empresas Mayoristas y Representantes de Turismo (ACHMART) Antonio Bellet 77, Oficina 1004; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 235-2177 Fax: (56-2) 244-3325 Asociacion de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras 232 (Banks and Financial Institutions Association) Ahumada 179, Piso 12; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-7149 Fax: (56-2) 698-8945 Asociacion de Distribuidores de Combustibles de Chile (National Fuel Distributors Association) Miguel Claro 1431, Oficina 101, Providencia; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 205-5456 204-1495 Fax: (56-2) 204-1495 Asociacion de Distribuidores de Software San Sebastian 2839, Oficina 605, Las Condes; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 246-3630 Fax: (56-2) 246-3867 Asociacion de Empresas de Servicio Publico (Public Utility Companies Association) Andres Bello 1051, Oficina 2001, Providencia; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 235-7374 236-1204 Fax: (56-2) 235-7374 E-mail: [email protected] Asociacion de Industrias Metalurgicas y Metalmecanicas (ASIMET) (Metallurgic and Metalmechanic Industries Association) Av. Andres Bello 2777, Piso 4; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 203-3002 Fax: (56-2) 203-3025 Asociacion de Productores y Representantes de Productos Lubricantes (ASOLUB) (Lubricant Producers and Representatives Association) Providencia 2601, Oficina 11; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 231-7406 Fax: (56-2) 231-7406 Asociacion Gremial de Corredores de Propiedades y Promotores de la Construccion (ACOP) (Association of Real States and Construction Promoters) Providencia 2008-A, Piso 2; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 366-0414 Fax: (56-2) 233-5110 233 Asociacion Gremial de Empresarios Hoteleros de Chile (Metropolitan Area Hoteliers Association) V. Subercaseaux 41, Of. 102; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 639-7600 Fax: (56-2) 638-7651 Asociacion Gremial de Industriales Quimicos (ASIQUIM) (Chemical Industry Association) Av. Andres Bello 2777, Of. 501; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 203-3350 Fax: (56-2) 203-3351 E-mail: [email protected] Asociacion Gremial de la Mediana y Pequena Industria de Chile (AMPICH) (Chilean Small- and Mid-Size Industry Association) Republica 371; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 689-6363 Fax: (56-2) 689-4260 Asociacion Gremial de Medianos y Pequenos Industriales Metalurgicos (CORMETAL) (Small- and Mid-size Metallurgic Industry Association) Ejercito 426; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-4150 697-1933 Fax: (56-2) 671-0873 Asociacion Gremial Nacional de Duenos de Establecimientos Comerciales (SIDECO) (National Association of Commercial Establishment Owners) Huerfanos 779, Of. 801; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 633-1108 633-1109 Fax: (56-2) 632-5698 Asociacion Nacional de Importadores (National Association of Importers) Santa Lucia 302, Piso 5; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 639-7859 Fax: (56-2) 639-7859 Asociacion de Exportadores de Chile (Chilean Exporters Association) Cruz del Sur 133, Piso 2; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 206-6604 206-4163 234 Fax: (56-2) 206-4163 Camara Chilena de la Construccion (Chilean Construction Chamber) Marchant Pereira 10, Piso 3, Providencia; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 233-1131 Fax: (56-2) 232-7600 E-mail: [email protected] Chilean-American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM) Americo Vespucio Sur 80, Piso 9; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 290-9700 Fax: (56-2) 206-0911 E-mail: [email protected] Camara de Comercio de Santiago (Santiago Chamber of Commerce) Santa Lucia 302; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 360-7000 Fax: (56-2) 633-3395 E-mail: [email protected] Camara Nacional de Comercio, Servicio y Turismo de Chile (National Chamber of Commerce, Services and Tourism) Merced 230; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 365-4000 Fax: (56-2) 365-4001 E-mail: [email protected] Instituto Textil de Chile (Chilean Textile Institute) Av. Andres Bello 2777, Oficina 502; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 203-3056 203-3057 Fax: (56-2) 203-3059 Asociacion de Franchising de Chile (AFICH) (Chilean Franchising Association) Merced 230; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 336-3622 264-9128 Fax: (56-2) 264-9134 E-mail: [email protected] Web page: www.emprendedores.cl Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (SOFOFA) (Chilean Industrial Society) Av. Andres Bello 2777, Piso 3, Edificio de la Industria, 235 Las Condes, Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 203-3100, 203-3142 Fax: (56-2) 203-3101, 203-3141 Visit USA Committee Chile Zurich 221, Of. 13 Tel: (56-2) 342-1634 Fax: (56-2) 202-1523 Web page: www.gw.cl./visitusa World Trade Center Nueva Tajamar 481, Oficina 101; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 339-7000 Fax: (56-2) 339-7001 236 Chemically Related Industry and Trade – Chile (Source: Chemical Industry Notes, 1999, 2000, 2001) Highlights ♦ Last year Chile generated US$ 1.6 billion in chemical industry sales. ♦ Chemical companies employ more than 12,000 people in the country. ♦ The Chilean chemical industry represents more than 4% of the country’s GNP and 14% of its manufacturing GNP. ♦ Chile’s highest production volume chemical is sulfuric acid – which is largely produced and consumed by the country’s huge copper refining industry. ♦ Of the US$1.6 billion in Chilean chemicals sold last year, US$775 million worth was exported, led by iodine, methanol, and potassium nitrate. ♦ Europe is Chile’s largest chemical export destination (EU 25%, US 15%, Asia 34%, Latin America 20%) ♦ Chile’s chemical imports were valued at US$1.3 billion last year with the largest category being organic colorants (Imports: EU 18%, US 25%, Asia 16%, Latin America 26%) ♦ Chile’s Escondida mine is the world’s largest privately held copper supplier, producing an estimated 800,000 metric tons per year. ♦ Chile produces 4+ mt of copper each year out of a world production of 10mt. ♦ Asia is Chile’s main market for copper accounting for 42% of exports with Japan alone buying 23% of Chile copper exports. ♦ With 59 pharmaceutical companies based in the country, Chile has one of the most robust pharmaceutical industries in South America. Thirty nine are Chilean owned (including market leader Laboratorio Chile), 15 European and 8 North American manufactures. US Trade with Chile 1995 – 2000 source: www.ita.doc.gov U.S. Trade by Commodity with Chile (Millions of Dollars; Total Exports and Imports SIT rev 3 Commodity 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 C ______EXPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 143 101 97 105 132 91 1 Beverages And Tobacco 23 31 26 13 12 7 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 125 94 90 75 55 56 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related Materials 71 134 154 46 50 86 4 Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And Waxes 7 5 2 8 1 2 5 Chemicals And Related Products 458 489 492 466 370 422 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By 346 373 473 372 234 240 Material 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 2,004 2,418 2,468 2,379 1,733 2054 237 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 279 326 394 357 328 335 9 Commodities & Transactions Not Classified 156 161 180 166 163 160 Elsewher . TOTAL 3,613 4,132 4,375 3,985 3,079 3455 Chemical Products in Top 20 US Export Commodities to Chile 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 523 Metallic Salts And Peroxysalts Of Inorganic Acids 28 40 48 39 39 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 ______IMPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 699 896 884 977 1,111 1,327 1 Beverages And Tobacco 55 105 136 125 118 137 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 362 353 394 484 476 418 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related Materials 24 16 9 22 25 75 4 Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And Waxes 1 0 0 0 0 .20 5 Chemicals And Related Products 90 89 118 160 168 186 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By 431 548 555 475 773 800 Material 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 8 11 12 18 23 23 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 98 85 79 77 78 94 9 Commodities & Transactions Not Classified 164 152 110 115 162 169 Elsewher . TOTAL 1,931 2,256 2,299 2,453 2,936 3,228 Chemical Products in Top 20 US Import 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Commodities to Chile 522 Inorganic Chemical Elements 33 45 70 78 68 512 Alcohols, Phenols & Halogenated Derivatives 6 4 11 34 46 523 Metallic Salts And Peroxysalts Of Inorganic Acids 25 18 16 22 27 238 Chemically Related Industry Case Studies – Chile (Source: www.cosmos.com.mx and corporate websites) SQM Nitratos S.A. Miraflores 222, Piso 10 Santiago, Chile Telephone (56 2) 632-6888 Fax (56 2) 632-3249 SQM is the world's largest producer of natural Nitrates 900,000 metric tons/year; the world's largest Iodine producer 4,500 metric tons/year; and Chile's largest Sulfate producer 50,000 metric tons/year. The company was established in 1968, is publicly traded in the NYSE (Ticker : SQM) and in the Santiago Stock Exchange. SQM sells its products to over 60 countries through its worldwide distribution network. Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile S.A. (SQM) derives its revenues from the chemical and mining industries. SQM is one of the largest companies in Chile and is the world's only producer of natural nitrates and is also one of the world's largest producers of iodine. SQM has affiliated companies and agencies operating in 75 countries. The company was awarded the ISO 9003 quality certificate for its iodine products. Sale of fertilizer accounted for 51% of 1997 revenues; iodine and by-products, 24%; industrial chemicals products, 14% and other sales, 11%. Chairman:J. PONCE LEROU Vice-Chairman: P. DE SOLMINIHAC TAMPIER Chief Executive Officer: P. CONTESSE GONZALEZ Sales/Revs 1998: 515,980,337 SQM, a world leader in specialty fertilizers, posted a 2000 net profit of $27.1 million, down from $48.0 million in 1999. Sales last year totaled $501.8 million, 80 percent of which came from exports 239 Higher Education – Chile (Source: World of Learning, 1996, Relaq) Higher Education System Structure of system Higher education is provided by universities and professional institutes. Planning and development strategies for post-secondary education are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education. The main coordinating body is the Consejo de Rectores de Universidades Chilenas, presided over by the Minister of Education. The oldest universities and institutos profesionales enjoy academic autonomy. The creation of new private universities, however, is subject to authorization from the Ministries of Internal Affairs and of Education. They are also subject to academic control by an older university, which must approve study plans and curricula and organize and supervise examinations for students who follow studies to obtain an academic degree or a professional qualification. The same provision is valid for the new institutos profesionales. Higher education is not free. Students with limited resources may have access to a system of crédito fiscal universitario, which is allocated to universities in proportion to the number of disadvantaged students enrolled. New private universities and institutos profesionales are not entitled to this. Main types of higher education institutions in country Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA Translation: PUBLIC UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA Translation: PRIVATE UNIVERSITY Type of institution: INSTITUTO PROFESIONAL Translation: PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE Main laws/decrees governing higher education Name of law/decree: Decreto con fuerza de ley no 3541, no.1 Date: 30 December, 1980 Institution type: universities Administrative structure of higher education Name of body: Consejo de Rectores de Universidades Chilenas Role: Coordinates higher education Address: P.O. Box: 14798 Street: Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins 1371, piso 4o City: Santiago Telephone: 56-2-696-4286 Fax: 56-2-698-8436 Name of body: Ministry of Education Role: Develops strategies for post-secondary education and authorizes the creation of private universities. Street: Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins 1371 City: Santiago Telephone: 56-2-671-0292 Fax: 56-2-671-6164 240 Academic year: Classes start: March Classes end: December Languages of instruction: Spanish 241 Key Trends in Higher Education - Chile Today, universities offer over 3,000 different courses. Most courses remain geared to professional qualifications, imparting knowledge rather than broader skills. Mid-stream changes of course are virtually impossible. The state-supported University of Chile, the country’s largest, has introduced an initial two-year syllabus common to all students. 242 Chemical Science Faculties – Chile (Source: Relaq, university websites, 1999) Universidades en Chile con Carreras en Química •Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Facultad de Química Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Tel: (562) 552-2375, anexo 4410 Fax: (562) 552-5692 Química Química y Farmacia Magíster en Ciencias Exactas con mención en Química Doctorado en Ciencias Exactas con mención en Química Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 340 Tel: (562) 222-4516, anexos 2819, 2820, 2821 Fax: (562) 222-5515 Bioquímica Magíster Bioquímica Universidad Austral de Chile Area de Ciencias Básicas Lic. en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímica •Universidad Católica del Norte Facultad de Ciencias Avenida Angamos 0610 Antofagasta, Chile Tel/Fax: 56-55-241-756 Departamento de Química Tel: 56-55-244-872 Fax: 56-55-240-319 Química con mención en Metalurgia Extractiva 243 Química con mención en Medio Ambiente Licenciatura en Química Analista Químico •Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (UCV) Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Matemáticas Instituto de Química Av. Brasil Nº 2950, Valparaíso Fono: (56) (32) 273100 Fax: (56) (32) 273397 Licenciatura en Bioquímica Licenciatura en Química Licenciatura en Química Industrial Magister en Ciencias con mención en Química Doctorado en Ciencias con mención en Química Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela de Ingeniería Química Av. Brasil Nº 2147,Valparaíso Tel: (56) (32) 273720 Fax: (56) (32) 273807 Ingeniería Civil Química Magister en Ciencias de la Ingeniería con mención en Ingeniería Química •Universidad de Chile Santiago Facultad de Ciencias Las Palmeras N 3425, Pabellón G-2 piso Casilla 653 Tel: (562) 271-2982, 271-2975 Química Química Ambiental Magíster en Ciencias Químicas Doctorado en Química Santiago 1 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas 244 Escuela de Graduados Vicuña Mackenna 20 Casilla 233 Tel/Fax: (562) 635-5117, 222-8493, 222-0069 anexos 18-20 Bioquímica Química y Farmacia Química Magíster en Bioquímica Magíster en Química Magíster en Ciencias de los Alimentos Magíster en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Doctorado en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Doctorado en Química Doctorado en Bioquímica Doctorado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería con mención en Química Santiago Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Beaucheff 850 Casilla 2777 Tel: (562) 678-4268 Ingeniería Civil con mención en Química Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, mención Química Magíster en Ciencias, mención Química Doctorado en Química •Universidad de Concepción Campus Concepción Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Lic. en Química Lic. en Química Analítica Magíster en Ciencias con mención en Química Doctorado en Ciencias con mención en Química Facultad de Farmacia Lic. en Química y Farmacia Lic. en Bioquímica 245 Facultad de Ingeniería Lic. en Ing. Civil Química Facultad de Pedagogía, Humanidades y Artes Lic. en Pedagogía en Biología y Química •Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Casilla 54-D Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración Departamento de Ingeniería Química Ing. en Alimentos Ing. Civil Industrial, mención Agroindustria Ing. Ambiental •Universidad de La Serena Campus Andrés Bello Avenida Baúl Biltrán S/N La Serena Casilla 54-D Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Química Pedagogía en Química y Ciencias Naturales Químico Laboratorista •Universidad de Santiago de Chile Facultad de Ingeniería Ingeniería Civil en Química Ingeniería de Ejecución en Química Magister en Ingeniería Civil en Química Magister en Ingeniería de Ejecución en Química Facultad de Química y Biología Química Bioquímica Magister en Química 246 Doctorado en Química •Universidad de Tarapacá Campus Velásquez Av. General Velásquez No. 1775 Facultad de Ciencias Químico Laboratorista Pedagogía en Química y Ciencias Naturales •Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Casa Central Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso Tel: (+56) (32) 626364 Fax: (+56) (32) 660504 Dirección Postal: Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso Ingeniería Civil Química Ingeniería de Ejecución Química Licenciatura en Química Industrial Licenciatura en Química con mención en Medio Ambiente Departamento de Procesos Químicos Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso FonoFax: (+56) (32) 626402 Ingeniería Civil Química Ingeniería de Ejecución Química, mención Operaciones Ingeniería de Ejecución Química, mención Control Ingeniería de Alimentos 247 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies – Chile (Source: ACS/IAO, Relaq) Asociacion Gremial de Industriales Quimicos (ASIQUIM) (Chemical Industry Association) Av. Andres Bello 2777, Of. 501; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 203-3350 Fax: (56-2) 203-3351 E-mail: [email protected] Asociacion Gremial de Laboratorios Farmaceuticos (AGRELAF) (Pharmaceutical Laboratories Association, formed by members of the Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturing Association) Contact: Roberto Cid, President Carmencita 25, Piso 7; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 231-2000 Fax: (56-2) 234-3400 Asociacion Gremial de Medianos y Pequenos Industriales Metalurgicos (CORMETAL) (Small- and Mid-size Metallurgic Industry Association) Ejercito 426; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 671-4150 697-1933 Fax: (56-2) 671-0873 Biochemical Society of Concepcion (Sociedad de Bioquímica de Concepción) Casilla 237 Escuela de Química y Farmacia y Bioquímica Concepción Established 1957 President: Prof. Dr. Mario Pozo López Secretary: Froilán Hernández Cartes Camara de la Industria Cosmetica de Chile (Chilean Cosmetics Industry Chamber) Contact: Alvaro Marquez, President Gral. Bustamante 24, Piso 3, Of. E, Providencia; Santiago, Chile Tel: (56-2) 274-3816 251-8749 Fax: (56-2) 204-9501 E-mail: [email protected] Camara de la Industria Farmaceutica de Chile (Pharmaceutical Industry Association -- formed by members of the Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturing Association and European Pharmaceutical Laboratories) Hernando de Aguirre 1981, Providencia; Santiago, Chile 248 Tel: (56-2) 225-2959 225-2461 Fax: (56-2) 205-2060 Chilean Chemical Society (Sociedad Chilena de Química) (16.vi.1998) (society corres. / s. israel corres/ nscs list) Paicaví 170 Depto 19 (new address) Casilla de Correo 2613 Concepción Telephone: 56. 41. 227815 (new no.) Fax: 56. 41. 240280 Website: www.schq.cl Established 1945 (1000) President til march 2001: Professor J. Guillermo Contreras K. (E-mail: [email protected]) (Fax: 56. 41. 235819) Secretary General: Dr. Eduardo Delgado Ramirez (E-mail: [email protected]) (Fax: 56. 41. 235819) Journal: Boletin de la Sociedad Chilena de Quimica – 1951 (q) Chilean Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Sociedad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Chile) (9.vii.1997) (iubmb www) Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology University of Chile Las Palmeras 3425 Nunon PO Box 653 Santiago Telephone: 56. 2. 678 7231 Fax: 56. 2. 271 3981 Established 1972 (110) President: Dr. Jorge Babul Secretary: Dr. Ana Preller Pan-American Association for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (22.01.98) Dr. Manuel Krauskopf Instituto de Bioquímica Universidad Austral de Chile PO Box 567 Valdivia Chile Telephone: 56. 63. 221 333 Fax: 56. 63. 219 410 E-mail:[email protected] 249 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Chile (Source: World of Learning, 1996) Instituto de Chile Almirante Montt 453 Clasificador 1349 Correo Central, Santiago tel: 382847 Academia Chilena de Ciencias Almirante Montt 453 Clasificador 1349 Correo Central, Santiago tel: 6382847; fax: 6332129 Academia Chilena de Ciencias Naturales Medinacelli 1233 Santiago 250 Chemically Related Research Centers – Chile (Source: World of Learning, 1996; CONICyT, 1999) El Centro de Investigación Minera y Metalúrgica Av. Parque Antonio Rabat 6500 - Vitacura - Santiago - Chile Phone: (56-2) 364 33 00 Fax: (56-2) 364 33 10 E-Mail: [email protected] Centro de Investigacion y Planificacion del Medio Ambiente CIPMA Holanda 1109, Santiago, Chile.Casilla 16362, Santiago 9 Fonos: 3341091-3341096 Fax: 3341095 http://www.cipma.cl/index.html Instituto de Investigaciones Ecológicas Chiloé IIECH Casilla 81 Correo 58, Santiago, Chile Fono: 56 - 2 - 678-7359 Fax: 56 - 2 - 271-2983 http://codon.ciencias.uchile.cl/~iiech/ Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos Centro de Estudios Científicos de Santiago (CECS) AV. PRESIDENTE ERRAZURIZ 3132 TELEFONO (56-2) 2338342 FAX (56-2) 2338336 CASILLA 16443, CORREO 9, SANTIAGO, CHILE email: [email protected] WWW: http://einstein.cecs.cl Corporación de Investigación Tecnológica INTEC-CHILE Av. El Cóndor 844 - Edificio Azul - Ciudad Empresarial Huechuraba - Santiago - Chile Fono: 56-2-2428100 Fax: 56-2-2428314 contáctenos : [email protected] Insituto de Investigacion y Control (IDIC) Av. Pedro Montt # 2050 Santiago Phone: (562)556-6031 Fax: (562)555-0945 Sr. Juan Pablo Vengoa / Division Petroleo Precision Hispana Av. Ejercito # 521 251 Santiago Phone: (562)695-6789 Fax: (562)698-4985 Centro de Estudios de Medicion y Certificacion de Calidad CESMEC Av. Marathon # 2595 Santiago Phone: (562)238-0556 e-mail: [email protected] Desarrollo de Tecnologia y Sistemas (DTS) Rosas # 1444 Santiago e-mail: Sr. Sergio Fuentes B. 252 Centro de Información de Recursos Naturales (CIREN) Manuel Montt 1164 - Providencia Santiago, Chile Casilla 14 99 5 Teléfono 223-6641 Fax 209-6407 Servicio de Información:[email protected] Dirección Ejecutiva:[email protected] Dirección de Proyectos:[email protected] El Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario Marambio Canales Luis Director Nacional [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias http://www.inia.cl Dirección Nacional Fidel Oteiza 1956, Piso 11 Casilla 16077, Correo 9 Santiago, Chile 664 0585 Teléfono (56 2) 225-2118 Fax (56 2) 225-8773 [email protected] The Mining and Metallurgical Research Center (CIMM) Av. Parque Antonio Rabat 6500 - Vitacura - Santiago - Chile Phone: (56-2) 364 33 00 Fax: (56-2) 364 33 10 E-Mail: [email protected] Fundacion Chile Director General Eduardo Bitran Colodro [email protected] CHILE University of Chile Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiochemistry Santiago CHILE Contact: Prof. Dr. M. Margarita Prendez Telephone: +56 2 777 00 35/ +56 2 777 01 17 253 Telefax: +56 27 378 920 Sectors: Outdoor air, Indoor air Keywords: 10130 ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATES 25172 POLLUTANT SOURCE IDENTIFICATION 28106 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Activities Related to Measurements and Monitoring: Particulate matter under 10 ‘m control monitoring Development and control of new analytical techniques Identification of pollution sources Verification of models Instrumentation: Andersen Cascade Impactor. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Ionic Chromatography. ORGANOMETALLIC RESEARCH CENTRES IN CHILE (source: http://www.scc.um.es) Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Quimica & Biologia, Dept Quimica Aplicada, Casilla 307-2, Santiago, CHILE MOYA, S. A., E-mail: [email protected] (ascitic tumors; antimetastatic; antitumor; polyoxyethylene; rhodium complexes; catalysis; selective reduction under water gas shift reaction conditions; ruthenium carbonyl complexes) B Oelckers, Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Chem, Casilla 110-V, Valparaiso, Chile M Scotti, Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Inorgan, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile E Roman, Cimm, AV Parque Antonio Rabat 6500, Casilla 170, Correo 1, Santiago, Chile M Valderrama, Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Inorgan, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile 254 255 ACS Member Characteristics – Chile (Source: ACS Info Central, 1999) ACS Members in Latin America Interest Areas Physical Agriculture and Food 5% Agriculture and Food Analytical 6% Analytical 8% Biochemistry Polymers/Plastics Biotechnology 9% Biochemistry Chemical Education 7% Pharmaceutical/Med Colloids and Surfaces 9% Biotechnology Computing/Molecular Modeling 5% Energy/Fuels Chemical Education Environmental 3% Inorganic Colloids and Surfaces 3% Marketing/Sales/Business Organic Materials 24% Computing/Molecular Modeling Organic 2% Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Materials Polymers/Plastics 3% Energy/Fuels 2% Physical Marketing/Sales/Bus Environmental 3% Inorganic 7% 4% 256 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses – Chile 1) In which sector are you employed? (Please select one item ) Industry:1 Higher Education: 5 Professional and/or Trade Association: 0 Government: 0 Other - Please specify: 2) Do you and/or your colleagues participate in any professional scientific activities involving Chemically Related industry / higher education collaboration? Yes: 1 No: 5 3) If your answer to Item #2 is Yes, are you personally involved in the activity? Yes: 1 No: 0 Vigilancia tecnologica. Obtencion de patentes , Cursos de Propiedad Intelectual 4) Are your colleagues involved? Yes: 1 No: 0 5) What type of industry is involved in the collaboration? Energy: 0 Agricultural Chemicals: 0 Basic Chemical Production: 0 Polymers: Fine Chemicals: 1 Metals: 0 Rubber0 Other - Please specify: 6) What companies are participating in the collaboration? Laboratories 7) Where is the industrial site or laboratory located? in Santiago 8) What type of activity is carried out in the collaboration? Basic Research Faculty Visits Student Visits Consulting: 1 Contract Research Quality Control: 1 Environmental Monitoring___ Other - Please Specify: 9) What do you feel are the characteristics of a successful university / industry collaboration in Chile? 257 confidence, professional skills ** Trust, Confidentiality, Government as mediator, information exchange database ** Creo hay muy pocas colaboraciones Universidad/Industria en Chile. Creo que las características óptimas para una buena colaboración es primero una credibilidad mayor de parte de la industria hacia las Universidades. ** if it existed, it would have to start through the hiring of PhD's to carry out industrial research. ** That industry want to developed research with university collaborations ** I think that such collaboration should be defined on the basis of very specific projects. These should be done by graduate students under the scientific advice of the University Professor and paid by the Industry, some kind of fellowship. This is a first step that is necessary to allow more important projects to be conceived. ** 10) What facilitates development of such collaborations? communication, small initial projects ** Showing success stories ** Mutual knowledge, which may be obtained by hiring more university graduates. ** Mayor confianza de los empresarios hacia una "inversión a largo plazo" lo que se traduce a una inversión para el desarrollo de sus problemas a nivel de investigación Universitaria. ** My University will have the equipment and qualified people to develope new ideas ** Call for specific research projects in different fields of chemistry. ** 11) What hinders or is problematic for development of such collaborations? burocracia y problemas administrativos y de rendicion de cuentas ** Lack of information ** Ignorance on the part of local industrial people ** Bajos presupuestos en las Universidades, además de una mala infraestructura, con lo cual, al presentar un proyecto en conjunto, las industrias ven ésto como una inversión de muy alto costo contra la poca confianza al sistema educacional. ** In my country the industry don´t have many relationship with the University. Our Industry have few developed and in generald their import many things ** Confidence. To establish a fruitful collaboration it is necessary to know the "other side" people and to understand the way they approach a given problem. Building bridges to mutual understanding is the very first step to get collaboration between University and Industry. ** 12) What, in your opinion, would improve the quality and sustainability of university / industry collaborations, and have you encountered or do you expect to encounter issues of intellectual property; how can this, too be improved? dictaciOn de cursos y seminarios a la empresa que sean co-financiados. En Diciembre de 1998 quisimos dictar un curso sobre Marcas y, por razones Economicas, un tuvimos suficientes alumnos y el curso no se pudo dar. Hizo falta becas. ** Government body that gives incentive to this. ** I wish there were issues of intellectual property in Chile! ** Primero, enfrentar los problemas de la industria con proyectos claros y cierta infraestructura en las Universidades, y segundo y muy importante poder incluir tanto en el sistema, como en la mentalidad de la comunidad Universitaria que el desarrollo de Ciencia básica es TAN importante como el desarrollo de problemáticas a nivel de industria o simplemente el desarrollo e investigación en problemas a nivel de país (por ejemplo, problemas de medio ambiente, contaminación, etc..) ** Again, once a join research project starts the condition to last in time are crucial. In Chile intellectual 258 property is not an issue in which industry is very much interested, I don't think that this is a crucial issue by now. 13) Which particular university / industry collaborations would you identify as outstanding? If at all possible, please provide contact name, position, company, address, telephone, fax, email and www address. None ** Por lo que decia antes: falta de confianza, aqu se nos pide confidencialidad. Nadie quiere comprometerse y menos que lo comprometan.... ** 14) For university / industry collaborations which involve scientist, researcher, or student mobility across national borders, what skills or capacities should a participant have to be successful? dominio del ingles, comunicacin expedita (telefono, e-mail, fax), sin problemas de estadia o pasajes, motor propio, es decir, seguridad iniciativa y conocimiento del tema, disciplina, buenos contactos y suerte. ** Understanding of cultural differences and work ethic differences ** Good scientific training, good language skills. ** Good scientific training, good language skills. ** Creo que mas que las capacidades de los estudiantes y profesionales es la libertad de éstos de poder innovar y desarrollar en la Industria y no remitirse a solo control de calidad y análisis rutinarios. ** Be a Ph.D. ** 15) Other comments or thoughts on university / industry collaborations in Chile?; What aspects of the chemical industry sector do you see as most promising for industry / university collaboration? Propiedad intelectual, transferencia de tecnologia ** There is a percieved conflict of interest as most university professors have some source of outside income. Good areas are biotech and natural products ** Mining, forest products, food industry, specialty chemicals. ** Creo que en el área de minería y de farmacéuticos se podría hacer mucho mas con el apoyo de estos industriales. Particularmente, mi área de química de compuestos de coordinación, sentimos estar muy alejados de cualquier colaboración. Obviamente creo es posible encontrar muchos puntos en los cuales se podrían hacer colaboraciones en conjunto. ** Research in Pharmaceutical products and developments in new materials through the use of computational chemistry. 259 Funding Organizations with Interests in Chile Fundación Andes San Patricio 4099, Casilla 19000 Correo 19 Teléfono: 56(2)228 55 76 Fax: 56(2)228 78 83 Santiago-CHILE E-mail: [email protected] http://www.fundandes.cl Tomás Chotzen M., Presidente del Consejo Directivo 1998 Appropriations: US$5.6 million (46% education) The Andes Foundation works to improve the conditions of life in Chile. In order to fulfill this objective, it stimulates, it supports and it finances projects and programs in the education areas and sciences, culture and social development. The main emphasis is centered on the development of human resources at the highest academic levels, as a form to build Chile’s scientific capacity. Also it builds communities of researchers in national academic research centers as well as foreign centers. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute Office of Grants and Special Progs. 4000 Jones Bridge Rd. Chevy Chase , MD 20815-6789 (301) 215-8870 Purpose and Activities: A nonprofit scientific and philanthropic organization whose principal purpose is "the promotion of human knowledge within the field of the basic sciences (principally the field of medical research and medical education) and the effective application thereof for the benefit of mankind." The Institute is qualified as a medical research organization, not as a private foundation, under the federal tax code. Through its Medical Research Program, the Institute's staff scientists conduct fundamental biomedical research throughout the U.S. in the fields of cell biology, genetics, immunology, neuroscience, and structural biology. Through its Office of Grants and Special Programs, the Institute awards grants to help strengthen education in biology and related sciences, funds research resources at U.S. medical schools, and supports fundamental research abroad. The emphasis of the grants program is on graduate, undergraduate, and precollege and public science education. Graduate support is primarily for fellowships awarded under three programs: 1) Predoctoral (Ph.D., Sc.D.) Fellowships in Biological Sciences. Deadline: early Nov.; 2) Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students. Deadline: early Dec.; and 3) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians. Deadline: early Dec. Through the current phase of the Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program, grant awards are made directly to colleges and universities for 1) student research and broadening access in the sciences; 2) science equipment and laboratory renovations; 3) faculty and curriculum development; and 4) outreach programs in the sciences and mathematics with elementary and secondary schools and with junior and community colleges. No undergraduate competition was held in 1997. The Institute continues to monitor trends in science education and science, including public and private support. Assets Amount: $12,922,454,000 AM Total Giving: $86,905,070 260 Grants Amount: $62,199,909 Number of Grants: 251 Highest Grant: $2,000,000 Lowest Grant: $26,000 Average Grant: 15000-2000000 Scholarship Amount: $24,729,091 NO. OF SCHOLARSHIPS: 823 Highest Scholarship: $242,000 Lowest Scholarship: $26,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Graduate Program: Predoctoral Fellowships in Biological Sciences support up to five years of full-time study toward the Ph.D. or Sc.D. degree in specified biological disciplines; Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students provide funding for one year of full-time research for students enrolled in U.S. medical schools; and Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians support three years of full-time research. ** Undergraduate Program: Student Research and Broadening Access offers funding for undergraduate research efforts; Equipment and Laboratory Development broadens student research opportunities and expands instruction in biology and other disciplines; Science Curriculum and Faculty Development supports restructuring of programs and courses; and Precollege Outreach supports development of science programs at elementary, middle, and high schools, particularly those in urban and rural areas. ** Precollege and Public Program: Has awarded grants to museums, aquaria, botanical gardens, zoos, and biomedical research institutions to support innovative education programs to interest youngsters in science and improve science literacy through programs targeting students, teachers, and families. ** Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Initiatives: Supports programs in the greater Washington, D.C., area that link schools with major scientific institutions or that provide or enhance exposure to laboratory experiences for students in kindergarten through 12th grade. ** Research Resources: Has awarded grants to U.S. medical schools to sustain their research mission and supports institutions that serve as unique international resources for research and teaching. ** International Program: Has awarded grants to support the research of outstanding biomedical scientists abroad. ** Program Assessment: Awards funds to selected organizations to measure results of Institute grant initiatives, and to assist the development of new initiatives through studies of national trends in science education, research, and philanthropy. Geographic Limitation: Giving on a national and international basis. Research grants have gone to scientists in Canada and Mexico (1991), Australia, New Zealand and the U.K. (1992) and 10 countries of the Baltics, Central Europe, and the former Soviet Union (1995). Graduate, undergraduate, and precollege grants are made nationwide; foreign grants to scientists are made in a moving target of selected countries. Some graduate fellowships are given outside the U.S. Grants to leading scientists in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela have been awarded Program Limitations: No support for Biomedical research in the U.S., except to scientific investigators employed by the Institute; no grants or fellowships except to individuals or institutions competing under established science education programs. Support Limitation: No grants for conferences or publications. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers: Purnell W. Choppin, M.D., Pres.; Stephen M. Cohen, V.P. and C.F.O.; W. Maxwell Cowan, M.D., Ph.D., V.P. and Chief Scientific Off.; Joan S. Leonard, V.P. and Genl. Counsel; Joseph G. Perpich, M.D., J.D., V.P., Grants and Special Progs.; C.F. Wolfe, V.P. and C.I.O.; 261 Mark W. Smith, Cont. Trustees: Hanna H. Gray, Ph.D., Chair.; James A. Baker III; Alexander G. Bearn, M.D.; Frank William Gay; James H. Gilliam, Jr.; Garnett L. Keith; Jeremy R. Knowles; William R. Lummis; Irving S. Shapiro Staff: 3140 Application Information: Applicants should consult guidelines in the Institute's publication "Grants for Science Education" or in specific program announcements prior to application. Fellowships and grants are awarded on the basis of national or international competitions. Proposals for the Undergraduate Science Education Program are by invitation only. In addition to the science education programs, grants are awarded to biomedical scientists in specified countries under the international program. Awards in all programs are based on peer review. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter, proposal, or application, depending on program. Deadline(s): Request program announcements for program-specific deadlines. Board meeting date(s): Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Final notification: Each grants program has an individual notification date; program brochures and announcements should be consulted. Write: Dr. Joseph G. Perpich, V.P., for genl. inquiries; Stephen A. Barkanic, Prog. Off., Undergraduate Prog.; Dr. Barbara Filner, Prog. Off., Graduate Prog.; Dr. Jill G. Conley, Prog. Off., International and Prec* Descriptors: ; Building/renovation; Equipment; Program development; Curriculum development ; Fellowship funds; Research; Program evaluation; Grants to individuals; Secondary school/education; Higher education; Medical school/education; Education; Biomedicine; Medical research; Biological sciences; Minorities; Asians/Pacific Islanders; African Americans; Latinos; Native Americans; Canada; Europe; Soviet Union (Former); Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Venezuela Schering-Plough Corporate Giving Program 1 Giralda Farms P.O. Box 1000 Madison , NJ 07940-1000 (973) 822-7412 Purpose and Activities: The company focuses most of its philanthropic endeavors on institutions and organizations that will have a direct impact on its employees and the communities where they live and work. Community affairs activities and corporate contributions are directed primarily at community health, educational partnerships, the environment, citizenship and in- kind contributions. Grantmaking Programs: ** Community Health: As a leader in the health care industry, Schering-Plough is committed to the support of community-based health programs. The company is an active participant in drug abuse education and offers programs that help patients gain access to medicines at affordable prices and provide free medicines to indigent patients. ** Citizenship and Community Affairs: Responsible corporate citizenship demands attention to environment issues. On the local level Schering-Plough's goal is to operate as a responsible corporate citizen and good neighbor. ** In-Kind Contributions: An important aspect of Schering- Plough's philanthropic activity is the donation of equipment, products and services to nonprofit organizations. In-kind contribution of equipment and services were also an important aspect of the company's philanthropic activity. Several nonprofit organizations are now the proud owners of a varied inventory of used Schering-Plough equipment, from vans to computers to refrigeration units. Employees also contributed their skills. ** International Giving: As a 262 worldwide business, Schering-Plough believes its social responsibilities extend around the globe. In each country where Schering-Plough is an important member of the business community, local management is sensitive to the needs of the people there and works to improve their quality of life. The company is particulary attentive to health care issues and seeks to address them through sponsorship of clinics and through educational programs. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas where corporate sponsor has major facilities in CA, FL, IL, NE, NJ, PR, TN, and TX; giving also abroad in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Publications: Corporate giving report (CR) Governing Body/Executive Staff: Members: Hugh A. D'Andrade; Richard J. Kogan*; Jack L. Wyszomierski Trustees: Raul E. Cesan; Donald R. Conklin; Joseph C. Conners; Geraldine U. Foster; Richard J. Kinney Application Information: Application form required. Initial approach: Letter to nearest facility manager. Deadline(s): Feb. 1 and July 1. Board meeting date(s): Spring and Fall. Write: Andrew Hageman, Mgr., Corp. Philanthropy Descriptors: ; Employee volunteer services; Employee matching gifts; Employee-related scholarships; Donated equipment; Donated products; In-kind gifts; Museums; Theater; Music; Arts/cultural programs; Business school/education; Adult/continuing education; Adult education--literacy & basic skills; Reading; Education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Health care; Substance abuse, services; Alcoholism; Health organizations; Medical research; Food services; Youth development, citizenship; Human services; Children & youth, services; Youth, services; Women, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Homeless, human services; International relief; International affairs; Rural development; Voluntarism promotion; Engineering & technology; Science; Government/public administration; Public affairs, citizen participation; Public affairs; Minorities; Women; Homeless; General charitable giving; Canada; Austria; France; Greece; Ireland; Italy; United Kingdom; Portugal; Spain; Egypt; South Africa; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Ecuador; Venezuela; India ; Indonesia; Thailand; Australia. Technological Research Corporation (Corporación de Investigación Tecnológica) Address: Av. Del Cóndor 844 Tel: +56-2-2428100 Ciudad Empresarial, Huechuraba Fax: +56-2-2428314 P.O. Box: Casilla 100, Correo 24 E-mail: [email protected] Santiago Home page: http://www.intec.cl/ 263 In-Charge: Ms. Sally Bendersky, Executive Director Contact with WAITRO: Ms. Maria Elena Torres History It was founded in 1968 with the purpose of giving technological support to local companies. Solid linkages have evolved with customers, contributing to a high percentage of INTEC income. Objectives INTEC has undergone some changes and has developed new objectives: To support the innovation capability of the productive sector stimulating new technological development; to supply selected technology services when no other supplier is available; to contribute to the creation and development of a Chilean technological market. Other fields are: Biohydrometallurgy, quarantine treatment of fresh fruits, design of electronic equipment for air pollution control and defense purposes, technological information, sample analysis and testing, consultancy and training in new technologies. Interests in International R&D Co-operation Technology transfer research, company (SME) and RTO diagnostics, atmospheric and climatology studies, water quality, alternative energies, beef genetics, geological and groundwater modelling. Available Programmes/Opportunities Training programmes, seminars, workshops. 264 For More Information on Chile source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/chile.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/chile.html EIA - Energy Data on Chile http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/sumt.html Summit of the Americas Fact Sheet http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ci.html CIA World Factbook - Chile http://travel.state.gov/chile.html U.S. State Department's Consular Information Sheet - Chile http://www.state.gov/www/regions/ara/chile_home.html U.S. State Department on U.S.-Chile Relations http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/chile/ Library of Congress Country Study on Chile http://www.usembassy.cl/ U.S. Embassy in Chile http://www.ita.doc.gov/ U.S. International Trade Administration http://www.natlaw.com/chile/chile.htm National Law Center InterAm Database - Chile http://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/chile/chile.html University of Chile - Welcome to Chile http://www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/chile/ LANIC - Chile http://www.ecee.org/pubs/assess/Chile/Chile.htm Opportunities for the U.S. Energy Efficiency Industry in Chile http://www.latinworld.com/sur/chile/ LatinWorld's section on Chile http://www.mercosur.org/ Mercosur - Southern Cone Free Trade Association http://www.aladi.org The Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) http://www.arpel.org ARPEL, Regional Association of Oil and Natural Gas Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean http://www.secier.org.uy/ The Regional Electric Integration Commission of Latin America (CIER) http://www.latinamericangas.com/ Latin American Gas online news http://www.embassy.org/embassies/cl.html The Embassy of Chile in Washington, D.C. http://www.enap.cl/ ENAP - Chile's National Oil and Gas Company http://www.latinvestor.com/economy.htm#CHILE/ Chilean Economy Links 265 http://www.latinvestor.com/invest.htm#CHILE Chilean Investment Links http://www.enersis.com/ Enersis - Chile's Energy Group http://www.gener.com/ Gener - Chilean electricity generator http://www.Chilectra.cl/ Chilectra - Electricity Company http://www.all-links.com/newscentral/southamerica/chile.html International Newspapers Online - Chile http://www.icons.umd.edu/americas/rescent/chile.htm University of Maryland Americas Research Information Center - Chile http://www.dams.org/default.asp World Commission on Dams http://www.lonelyplanet.com/dest/sam/chile.htm Lonely Planet Guide: Chile 266 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors - Mexico 267 National Overview – Mexico (Source: World Factbook, 2000, 1999) Geography Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US Geographic coordinates: 23 00 N, 102 00 W Map references: North America Area: total: 1,972,550 sq km land: 1,923,040 sq km water: 49,510 sq km Area—comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Texas Land boundaries: total: 4,538 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km Coastline: 9,330 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: varies from tropical to desert Terrain: high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high plateaus, and desert Elevation extremes: lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m Natural resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 39% forests and woodland: 26% 268 other: 22% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 61,000 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts Environment—current issues: natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border Environment—international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography—note: strategic location on southern border of US People Population: 103 million (July 2000 est. – expected increase nearly 50% by 2030) Age structure: 0-14 years: 36% (male 17,883,007; female 17,193,082) 15-64 years: 60% (male 28,932,074; female 30,511,443) 65 years and over: 4% (male 1,808,581; female 2,224,589) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 1.77% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 25.49 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 4.91 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 25.82 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.63 years 269 male: 68.62 years female: 74.79 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.91 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Mexican(s) adjective: Mexican Ethnic groups: mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6% Languages: Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89.6% male: 91.8% female: 87.4% (1995 est.) Government Country name: Republica de Mexico conventional long form: United Mexican States conventional short form: Mexico local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos local short form: Mexico Data code: MX Government type: federal republic operating under a centralized government National capital: Mexico Administrative divisions: 31 states (estados, singular—estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas Independence: 16 September 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1810) 270 Constitution: 5 February 1917 Legal system: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced) Executive branch: chief of state: President Vicente Fox Quesada; note – the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with consent of the Senate elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held December 2000 Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats, expanded from 64 seats at the last election; half are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and half are allocated or on basis of each party's popular vote) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are directly elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; remaining 200 seats are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote, also for a three-year term) Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia), judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate Political pressure groups and leaders: Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM); Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN); Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO); National Peasant Confederation (CNC); Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT); Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC); Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers (CROM); Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX); National Chamber of Transformation Industries (CANACINTRA); Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations (COECE); Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services (FESEBES) International organization participation: AG (observer), APEC, BCIE, BIS (pending member), Caricom (observer), CCC, CDB, EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECD, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Juan Jose BREMER chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 728-1600 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Austin, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Los Angeles, 271 Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico) consulate(s): Albuquerque, Boston, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Corpus Christi, Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Douglas (Arizona), Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Laredo, McAllen (Texas), Midland (Texas), Nogales (Arizona), Orlando, Oxnard (California), Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, San Jose, Santa Ana (California), Seattle Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jeffery DAVIDOW embassy: Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal mailing address: P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78044-3087 telephone: [52] (5) 211-0042 FAX: [52] (5) 511-9980, 208-3373 consulate(s) general: Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana consulate(s): Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nuevo Laredo Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band Economy Economy—overview: Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. The number of state-owned enterprises in Mexico fell from more than 1,000 in 1982 to fewer than 200 in 1998. The Fox administration is privatizing and expanding competition in sea ports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity, natural gas distribution, and airports. Mexico still needs to overcome many structural problems as it strives to modernize its economy and raise living standards. Income distribution is very unequal with the top 20% of income earners accounting for 55% of income. The inefficient agricultural sector employs 20% to 25% of the labor force but produces only 8% of GDP. Trade with the United States and Canada has nearly doubled since NAFTA was implemented in 1994. Mexico is pursuing additional trade agreements with most countries in Latin America and with the European Union to lessen its dependence on the United States, which accounts for 80% of Mexico's total trade. GDP: purchasing power parity—$540 billion (2000) GDP—real growth rate: 4.4% (2000) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$5,460 (2000) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 8% industry: 33% services: 59% 272 Inflation rate—consumer price index: 15.7% (1997 est.) Labor force: total: 36.6 million (1996) by occupation: services 28.8%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing 21.8%, commerce 17.1%, manufacturing 16.1%, construction 5.2%, public administration and national defense 4.4%, transportation and communications 4.1% Unemployment rate: 3.7% (1997 est.) urban; plus considerable underemployment Budget: Total Exports: $152 billion Total Imports: $160 billion Export partners: US 85%, Canada 2.1%, Japan 1%, Spain 1%, Chile 1%, Brazil 1% Import partners: US 74.8%, Japan 4.1%, Germany 3.5%, Canada 1.8%, South Korea 1.4%, Italy 1.2%, France 1.1% Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism Electricity—capacity: 35.466 million kW (1995) Electricity—production: 145.199 billion kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 1,533 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products Currency: 1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones: 11,890,868 (1993 est.) Telephone system: highly developed system with extensive microwave radio relay links; privatized in December 1990; opened to competition January 1997 domestic: adequate telephone service for business and government, but the population is poorly served; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network international: satellite earth stations—5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); launched Solidaridad I satellite in November 1993 and Solidaridad II in October 1994, giving 273 Mexico improved access to South America, Central America and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections Radio broadcast stations: AM 800, FM 500, shortwave 17 Radios: 22.5 million (1992 est.) Television broadcast stations: 238 Televisions: 13.1 million (1992 est.) Transportation Railways: total: 20,567 km standard gauge: 20,477 km 1.435-m gauge (246 km electrified) narrow gauge: 90 km 0.914-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 252,000 km paved: 94,248 km (including 6,740 km of expressways) unpaved: 157,752 km (1996 est.) Waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km Ports and harbors: Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz Merchant marine: total: 53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 899,224 GRT/1,312,505 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 1, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 7, oil tanker 29, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 3 (1997 est.) Airports: 1,810 (1997 est.) Airports—with paved runways: total: 231 over 3,047 m: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 25 1,524 to 2,437 m: 94 914 to 1,523 m: 78 under 914 m: 25 (1997 est.) 274 Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 1,579 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 65 914 to 1,523 m: 472 under 914 m: 1,040 (1997 est.) Heliports: 1 (1997 est.) Military Military branches: National Defense Secretariat (includes Army and Air Force), Navy Secretariat (includes Naval Air and Marines) Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age Military manpower—availability: males age 15-49: 25,114,890 (1998 est.) Military manpower—fit for military service: males: 18,280,523 (1998 est.) Military manpower—reaching military age annually: males: 1,077,800 (1998 est.) Military expenditures—dollar figure: $2.2 billion (1997) Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 0.3% (1997) Internet in Mexico: Basic Statistics (1998/1999) Percent of Population with Internet Connection: 1.1% Personal Computers per 1000 Inhabitants: 29 Telephones per 1000 Inhabitants: 95 Television per 1000 Inhabitants: 193 Newspapers per 1000 Inhabitants: 113 Illiteracy Rate: 10.5 % Transnational Issues Disputes—international: none Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 1997—4,000 hectares, a 22% decrease from 1996; potential production—46 metric tons, about a 15% decrease from 1996) and cannabis continues in spite of increased government eradication; major supplier of heroin and 275 marijuana to theUS market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America; increasingly involved in the production and distribution of methamphetamines U.S. and Country Contacts – Mexico (Source: International Trade Administration, 1999) 1) Mexican Government Agencies Secretaria de Comercio y Fomento Industrial (SECOFI) (Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development) Alfonso Reyes No. 30, Piso 9 Colonia Hipodromo-Condesa 06140 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 729-9101/ 9102 Fax: (011-52-5) 729-9307 Secretaria de Comercio y Fomento Industrial (SECOFI) (Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development) Puente de Tecamachalco No. 6 Lomas de Tecamachalco 53950 Naucalpan, Edo. de Mexico Tel: (011-52-5) 729-9475/ 9476/ 9478 Fax: (011-52-5) 729-94-84 Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial (Mexican Institute of Industrial Property and Technological Development) Periferico Sur No. 3106 Colonia Jardines del Pedregal 01900 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 624-0401/ 0402 Fax: (011-52-5) 624-0406 Secretaria de Educacion Publica (SEP) (Secretariat of Public Education) Mariano Escobedo No. 438, 7o Piso Colonia Nueva Anzures 11590 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 230-7630 Fax: (011-52-5) 250-0380 Secretaria de Comercio y Fomento Industrial (SECOFI) (Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development) Morena No. 811, piso 2 Colonia Narvarte 276 03020 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 639-3575/4575 Fax: (011-52-5) 639-0814 Secretaria de Energia (SE) (Secretariat of Energy) Avenida Insurgentes No. 890, Piso 15 Colonia Roma Sur 03100 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 448-6070/ 6071/ 6072 Fax: (011-52-5) 448-6325 Secretaria de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca (SEMARNAP) Lateral Anillo Periferico Sur 4209 - Piso 6 Fracc. Jardines de la Montana 14210 Mexico, D.F. Tel: 628-0602/ thru 0605 Fax: 628-0644 Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transporte (SCT) (Secretariat of Communications and Transport) Edificio "C" - Piso 1 - Ala Oriente Xola y Avenida Universidad Colonia Narvarte 03028 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 519-4468/ 530-7390 Fax: (011-52-5) 519-48-71 2) Mexican Trade Associations/Chambers of Commerce American Chamber of Commerce of Mexico, A.C. Lucerna No. 78 Colonia Juarez 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 724-3800 Fax: (011-52-5) 703-2911 United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce CONCANACO-SERVYTUR Balderas No. 144, Piso 3 Colonia Centro 06079 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 709-2281 Fax: (011-52-5) 709-1177 277 Camara Nacional de Comercio de la Ciudad de Mexico - (CANACO) (National Chamber of Commerce of Mexico City) Paseo de la Reforma No. 42 - Piso 3 Colonia Centro 06048 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 592-0371 Fax: (011-52-5) 703-2958 Confederacion de Camaras Nacionales de Comercio, Servicios y Turismo - (CONCANACO-SERVITUR) (Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce) Balderas No. 144, Piso 3 Colonia Centro 06079 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 709-5910/ 1117 Fax: (011-52-5) 709-1177 Camara Nacional de la Industria de la Transformacion (National Manufacturing Industry Chamber) Avenida San Antonio No. 256 Colonia Ampliacion Napoles 03849 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 563-61-12 Fax: (011-52-5) 598-58-88 Confederacion de Camaras Industriales de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (CONCAMIN) (Confederation of Industrial Chambers of Mexico) Manuel Ma. Contreras No. 133, Piso 2 Colonia Cuauhtémoc 06500 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 535-6589 Fax: (011-52-5) 535-6871 Asociacion Nacional de Import adores y Exportadores de la Republica Mexicana, A.C. (ANIERM) Association of Importers and Exporters of Mexico Monterrey No. 130 Colonia Roma 06700 Tel: (011-52-5) 584-9522 Fax: (011-52-5) 584-5317 278 Asociacion de Instituciones Financiara Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York Torre Optima Paseo de las Palmas 405 - Piso 16 Lomas de Chapultepec 11000 Mexico, D.F. Tel: 540-9333 Fax: 540-9548 U.S. Embassy, Mexico City Paseo de la Reforma No. 305 Colonia Cuauhtemoc 06500 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 211-00-42, Ext. 3730 Fax: (011-52-5) 207-89-38 Mail: P.O. Box No. 3087 Laredo, TX 78044-3087 U.S. Trade Center, Mexico City Liverpool No. 31 Colonia Juarez 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 591-01-55 Fax: (011-52-5) 566-11-15 Mail: P.O. Box No. 3087 Laredo, TX 78044-3087 U.S. Agricultural Trade Office Edificio Virreyes, PH-2 Monte Pelvoux No. 220 Lomas de Chapultepec 11000 Mexico, D.F. Tel: (011-52-5) 202-04-34 Fax: (011-52-5) 202-05-28 Mail: P.O. Box No. 3087 Laredo, TX 78044-3087 U.S. Consulate General, Monterrey Avenida Constitution No. 411 Pte. 64000 Monterrey, NL Tel: (011-52-8) 45-21-20 Fax: (011-52-8) 42-51-72 Mail: P.O. Box No. 3098 Laredo, TX 78044-3098 279 U.S. Consulate General, Guadalajara Progreso No. 175 44100 Guadalajara, Jalisco Tel: (011-52-3) 625-29-98 Fax: (011-52-3) 625-35-76 Mail: P.O. Box No. 3088 Laredo, TX 78044-3088 U.S. Consulate General, Tijuana Commercial Officer Tapachula 96 22420 Tijuana, Baja California Norte Tel: (011-52-6) 681-7400 Fax: (011-52-6) 686-5211 Mail: P.O. Box 439039 San Diego, Ca. 92143-9039 7) Washington-based U.S. Government Country Contacts U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration Office of NAFTA 14th Street & Constitution Avenue, N.W. Room No. 3022 Washington, D.C. 20230 Tel: (202) 482-0507 Fax: (202) 482-5865 Flash Fax: (202) 482-4464 (Flash Fax is a system through which firms can receive a wide variety of documents on doing business in Mexico automatically via fax) U.S. Company Advisement/Advocacy at the IDB Commerce Department Liaison Unit Office of U.S. Executive Director Inter-American Development Bank 1300 New York Avenue, N.W. Mail Stop E0209 Washington, D.C. 20577 Tel: (202) 623-3822 Fax: (202) 623-2039 Export-Import Bank of the United States Loan Officer for Mexico International Business Development 811 Vermont Avenue, N.W. 280 Washington, D.C. 20571 Tel: (202) 565-39-21 Fax: (202) 565-33-80 U.S. Trade and Development Agency Program Director Latin American and the Caribbean 1621 N. Kent Street, Rm. 309 Rosslyn, VA 22209 Tel: (703) 875-4357 Fax: (703) 875-4009 U.S. Department of State Bureau of Inter-American Affairs Office of Mexican Affairs 21st and C Streets, N.W., Rm. 4258 Washington, D.C. 20520 Tel: (202) 647-9894 Fax: (202) 647-5752 Office of the United States Trade Representative Director of Mexican Affairs 600 17th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. Tel: (202) 395-3412 Fax: (202) 395-3911 8) U.S.-based Partners Relevant for Mexico United States Chamber of Commerce Latin American Affairs 1615 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20062-2000 Tel: (202) 463-5490 Fax: (202) 463-3126 United States-Mexico Chamber of Commerce 1730 M. Street N.W. Suite 112 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel: (202) 296-5198 Fax: (202) 728-0768 United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 281 1030 15th Street, N.W., Suite 206 Washington, D.C. 20005 Tel: (202) 842-1212 Fax: (202) 842-3221 Inter-American Development Bank Public Information Center 1300 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20577 Tel: 202/623-2096; Fax: 202/623-1928 282 Chemically Related Trade and Industry – Mexico (Source: Chemical Industry Notes, 1999, 2000, 2001) Highlights ♦ In the chemical industry in Mexico there are over 350 firms operating more than 400 production facilities primarily in Veracruz, Edo de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. ♦ Two—thirds of Mexican chemical production depends upon PEMEX. ♦ In the petrochemical sector there are over 300 registered firms operating in Mexico. ♦ The chemical and petrochemical industries employ more than 68,000 people in Mexico. ♦ In 1998 annual chemical production (metric tons/year) for Mexico included fertilizers: 876065; Synthetic fibers: 593409; inorganics: 6961623; petrochemicals: 10898724; Resins: 2180323. ♦ Mexican chemical production is worth $14.5 billion/year to the nation’s economy. ♦ Mexico’s chemicals industry is responsible for 55% of the country’s trade deficit. ♦ Petrochemicals accounts for more than $3 billion per year in trade deficits with the United States. ♦ The US was the source of 68% of all Mexican chemical imports in 1999; the next largest chemical supplier to Mexico was Germany which exported US$313 million, followed by Japan at US$185 million; Ireland at US$153 million, the UK at US$131 million, France at US$113 million, Spain at US$108 million and Canada at US$90 million. ♦ Brazil is the second largest consumer of Mexican chemical products after the US. ♦ Intermediate chemical products amount to 69% of all Mexican production; fertilizers 15%; resins 8%; fibers 4%; elastomers 1% and speciality petrochemicals 3%. ♦ The lack of investment in infrastructure by Pemex has led to a shortfall in the market of polyethylene, that promotes the import of 418 thousand tons a year-40% of the demand-and adds 500 million dollars to the trade deficit. ♦ Largest Mexican chemical firms include: Grupo Girsa, Grupo Idesas, Grupo Cydsa and Celanese Mexicana. ♦ Last year pharaceutical output in Mexico rose 3.3% and exports grew 28% to more than US$600 million. ♦ Mexico’s copper production (copper rod, cathodes and blister) is estimated at 433,000 tons. ♦ Mexico is Latin America’s second largest producer of steel with an estimated output of 14.1 million tons. ♦ Mexico is host to the seventh largest seed company in the world, Grupo Pulsar/Seminis/ELM with a 1997 income of $375 million. ♦ Grupo Roche Syntex, Bristol Myers, Boehringer- Lakeside,Schering Plough, Homeproduct, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Glaxo, Bayer, Abbott, Pharmacie & UpJohn, Smith Kline, Freyser, Senosian, Merck Sharp, Rhone Poulenc, Eli Lilly, Nestleare among the leading pharmaceutical enterprises in Mexico. No enterprise has more than 8% of the market. ♦ Grupo Casa Autrey is Mexico's leading pharmaceutical supply company and part of the Autrey family empire that has been doing business in Mexico for more than 100 years. 283 ♦ Major metals producer Grupo Mexico, is the world's third biggest copper producer through buying U.S. metals firm Asarco Inc in November 1999 for $2.25 billion. ♦ The Mexican Government depends on revenues from oil for 38 percent of its fiscal income. ♦ Effective July 1, 2000 Mexico signed an agreement with the EU eliminating duties on 60% of chemical products and easing restrictions on capital flow and foreign investment. ♦ Tariffs on the remaining 40% of chemical products will take effect July 2003. ♦ In terms of chemical and allied product trade with the EU, many local Mexican companies do not have excess capacity and would have to stop selling to the US to pursue EU markets. ♦ Since the 1994 signing of NAFTA US food producers (notably, Campbell, Kellogg, Quaker Oats and McDonalds) have spent US$3 billion on industrial capacity expansion in Mexico principally to prepare for market penetration into South America. ♦ Mexico ranks 5th in world oil production, 8th in oil reserves and 14th in natural gas reserves. To put this in perspective, the United States ranks 2nd in world oil production, 11th in oil reserves and 6th in natural gas reserves. Brief History of the Mexican Chemical Industry (source: www.aniq.org.mx) In Mexico, even in Pre-Columbian times there was already some knowledge about the transformation of natural products. Natives used gold and silver obtained by mechanical means, they knew about ceramic and how to obtain and use natural salts. They used regular salt as a condiment and knew how to separate the various salts in the water of some lakes. They washed using the saponin in the maguey root and other plants. They extracted the juice from the maguey leaf, and through evaporation they obtained sugar. They knew about fermentation to make pulque and obtain tobacco and vanilla scents. They had knowledge about dyes and dyeing. They obtained resin from orchids which was used as glue, and made paper from tree bark. With rubber they made balls, baskets, waterproofing material and used oil as fuel. The foundations for the industrialization of the country were laid in 1910, and in 1916 the first school of industrial chemistry was established in Mexico. The big thrust for the modern chemical industry came in 1938, after the oil expropriation and the development of technologies for production of hormones. The "El Aguila" oil company started producing sulfuric acid in 1924 in Veracruz. Plants for the manufacturing of basic chemical products were established in the 30s, and Productos Químicos de México, a producer of chloride and soda lye, was founded in 1938. In 1942 Sosa Texcoco started producing soda lye and sodium carbonate, and Celanese Mexicana was created in 1943 for the manufacturing of chemical fibers. 284 During the 30s the number of pharmaceutical industries grew, as well as that of paint and ink manufacturers. In the 40s, the development of the chemical industry focused in the production of insecticides, as well as steroid hormones, and Laboratorios Syntex was founded in 1944. It was thanks to the steroid hormone industry that synthesis technology for complex chemical products developed, originating the appearance of companies in this line of business. Although the oil expropriation took place in 1938, it can be said that the petrochemical industry in Mexico actually originated in 1951, when production of ammonia and polystyrene resin started. In the following years, various types of resins were manufactured, products such as sodium dodecylbenzensulphonate, explosive ammonia nitrate and acetylsalicylic acid, as well as intermediate products such as formaldehyde and salicylic acid. Production of synthetic fibers with Nylon 6 as well as production of polyvinyl chloride started in 1957. Ammonia nitrate production for fertilizer use started in 1959, and also that of DDT pesticide. On the other hand, the basic sector was processing sulfur, propylene tetramer and dodecylbenzene. After 1960, the process for the replacement of imports started in a systematic manner, with the purpose of promoting the industrialization of the country. This was achieved thanks to the availability of raw materials, the existence of a growing domestic market and the political and economic stability enjoyed during that period. OPERATION AND EFFECT OF THE NAFTA CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS (Source: http://www.ustr.gov/reports/naftareport/chapter2.pdf) Highlights -- Between 1993 and 1996, U.S. chemicals exports to Mexico rose from $3.4 to $5.1 billion, an increase of 50 percent. By comparison, U.S. exports to non-NAFTA countries grew by 37 percent. -- U.S. petrochemical exports to Mexico grew by over 75 percent, to $1.2 billion. As a result of NAFTA, Mexico opened its petrochemical sector for the first time to direct competition 285 from U.S. firms, which helped to spur the growth of exports. -- U.S. exports increased their share of Mexico’s import market from 64 percent to 67 percent over the period. -- The NAFTA immediately eliminated Mexican tariffs on 31 percent of U.S. chemical exports previously subject to duty. Average Mexican tariffs on U.S. chemicals dropped from 10 to 4 percent over the period. -- U.S. export growth is at least partly attributable to Mexican tariff and non-tariff barrier reduction under NAFTA. -- Mexico immediately eliminated tariffs as high as 20 percent on close to half of U.S. pharmaceutical exports to Mexico. -- U.S. employment for production workers, hourly earnings, and productivity all increased modestly from 1993 to 1995. -- Imports from Mexico increased by $0.6 billion, to $1.4 billion from 1993 to 1996. -- The NAFTA played virtually no role in the increase -- U.S. tariffs on chemicals prior to 1994 averaged only 1.0 percent. -- Mexico served as a major source of plastic resins during a period of shortage in the United States. Many of the resins were converted into plastic parts in the United States and reexported. -- The NAFTA served to integrate further the Mexican and U.S. petrochemical industries, with Mexico supplying basic and primary products for manufacture in the United States into high value-added secondary petrochemicals. Background The NAFTA created the world’s largest open market for trade and investment in chemical products. North American chemical shipments in 1995 reached $406.9 billion and exceeded $475 billion in year 2000. U.S. production accounts for over 90 percent of these shipments. Mexico is the third largest market for U.S. chemicals and allied products, purchasing between 2 and 16 percent of U.S. chemical exports across all product categories in 1996. Developments since NAFTA Highlights of NAFTA Implementation Tariff Cuts Average Mexican tariffs on U.S. chemicals prior to NAFTA were 10.2 percent, including the 27 percent of U.S. exports to Mexico in the chemicals, rubber, and miscellaneous plastics sector which entered Mexico duty free. Tariffs on certain pharmaceutical products, however, were as high as 20 percent. The NAFTA immediately eliminated Mexican duties on another 31 percent of U.S. chemical products, reducing Mexican tariffs to an average of 4.0 percent. Tariffs on the remaining 41 percent of U.S. exports to Mexico in this sector are being phased out over five or ten year periods. By contrast, U.S. tariff rates on Mexican chemicals immediately prior to NAFTA averaged only 1.0 percent, thirty percent entered duty-free. The NAFTA immediately eliminated tariffs on most Mexican petrochemicals, inorganic and agricultural chemicals, as well as plastic and rubber products. Remaining U.S. tariffs on Mexican chemical products will be phased out over five to ten years. Elimination of Non-Tariff Barriers Prior to NAFTA, the Mexican Government exercised virtual monopoly control over the production, sale, and pricing of basic and secondary petrochemicals in Mexico. The NAFTA required Mexico to open petrochemical production and sales to U.S. and Canadian firms for all 286 products of trade significance. That change has permitted American producers to sell high value- added petrochemical products directly to Mexican end-users for the first time. The NAFTA also guaranteed the elimination of virtually all import licenses on chemicals, rubber and plastics, and pharmaceuticals. The NAFTA’s rules protecting intellectual property rights have been especially critical for the chemicals industry, which relies heavily on patent and trade secret protection to safeguard formulas and processes. The NAFTA ensures that Mexico will protect patents on production methods (so-called process patents), and places strict limits on subject matter that cannot be patented. These protections are particularly important for the chemical industry because process technology is critical to the manufacture of many chemical products. The NAFTA also guarantees strong product patent protection. 287 The Maquiladora Industry in Mexico: The Case of Tijuana (Source: http://www.cob.asu.edu/seid/eoc/mexico/3-99/Analysis.htm) Maquiladoras began in Mexico in 1965, and Tijuana, Mexico benefited most from this movement. Originally, most, if not all maquiladoras were linked to U.S. companies. The common objective was to obtain plentiful, low-cost Mexican workers for activities that were predominantly labor intensive. Now, 34 years later, many Mexican workers, engineers and technicians have been trained not only by companies from the United States, but Japan, Korea, France and other nations as well. Due to training, experience and the infusion of technology, many firms are now among the best in both worker productivity and product quality. Therefore, Tijuana is a very attractive place to locate Maquiladoras, especially those serving markets in the western part of the United States. However, all of the above advantages may turn to disadvantages and therefore the future should be viewed with caution. Tijuana is starting to get very expensive compared to past cost levels. Worker salaries are continuing to rise, and the availability of employees is diminished in all fields. In brief, labor markets are becoming tighter and costs are rising. The main driver behind these changes is the rapid growth that Tijuana has experienced over the last 18 years. The economy surged after the major peso devaluation of the 80s. Now, the economy is reaching its peak as the full effects of NAFTA are felt. Most companies developed their 1999 budgets using an exchange rate of 10 pesos to a dollar. Presently, companies are facing a 14 percent minimum wage raise (in pesos), ordered by the federal government. Now, all they can get for their dollar is 9.25 pesos. The result translates into a direct cost increase of as much of 8 percent on top of any salary increase. But wage and cost increases such as these are not the only problems faced by the maquiladoras in the next millennium. By the year 2001, all Maquiladoras must turn into Permanent Establishments, which means they will lose their cost center characteristics and become profit centers. This would remove the possibility of having assets and inventories in bond, which would significantly increase costs. But, although the horizon may look bleak, there still are many encouraging factors, such as these describing the environment after the first 5 months of 1999. 1. The number of maquiladoras has increased from 3,143 to 3,259 (+3.7%) 2. The number of employees has grown from 1,060,217 to 1,120,303 (+5.7%) 288 3. Overall exports are up from $3.96 Billion to $5.18 Billion ($US) (+30%) A critical point for the future is that maquiladoras are importing over $4 billion dollars in materials every month to produce the different goods that will later be exported. At present, only 2.7% of those materials are obtained in Mexico. When new rules of the year 2001 are applied, the materials coming from countries outside NAFTA will be taxed. Incentives will exist to produce in a NAFTA country, hopefully Mexico. Third Environmental Roundtable - US Mexico Border UTEP, El Paso, TX Nov 8-9 1999 B. Miller ACS/IAO Summary Report Background This roundtable was follow on to a meeting in June 98 on defining the needs of maquilas on environmental issues: maquilas need more professionals that know pollution prevention with academic institutions providing education and training in waste recovery, reduction, recycling and value-added reuse. Roundtable Objectives To promote cooperation among business sector and academia in the border region; To facilitate technological capacity building in institutions of higher education along the border; To enable these institutions to offer services and training to maquiladora industries in the area of prevention, minimization and reuse of industrial wastes. Participants 104 (10% US; 90% Mexico) (Representative breakdown: 25 higher ed; 13 government; 36 industry; 4 NGO; 1 professional society, 25 Not specified) Structure 289 Five major panels with 6-8 presentations each – mostly in Spanish; consecutive interpretation available. Higher ed representatives focused on features of their collaborative programs with industry – typically ♦ consulting ( tech transfer, standards development, housekeeping improvement, process re- engineering, change in raw materials, alternative technologies, waste recovery / reduction / treatment / recycling, integration of residuals) ♦ analysis (environmental impact, water, air, soil composition) ♦ education (Maquila-needs driven curricula development) ♦ training (compliance, use of equipment, process re-engineering) Industrial presentations focused on: ♦ existing environmental management systems adopted from parent company to be in compliance with US and Mexican environmental regulations; ♦ design and implementation of processes eliminating threat of hazmat use, substituting other materials, putting in place engineering / administrative controls, implementing use of safety equipment; ♦ savings and services to local communities through wastewater treatment, recycling, reusing non / Hazmat, elementary / high school outreach). Issues Mexican environmental protection is distributed across two separate agencies Instituto Nacional de Ecologia (policy development and regulation) and PROFEPA (enforcement). Laws and regulations borrowed from and mirror US EPA; difficulty and variation in enforcement. In Mexico there exists a strong technology and knowledge base associated with environmental monitoring, greatest needs appears in policy formulation and implementation for enforcement. US EPA advocating development and promotion of an environmental compliance assistance vendor sector in Mexico. Yellow pages-like approach. Maquila industries getting more complex; no longer simple assembly, especially in chemical enterprise - having to deal with greater volume, concetrations and complexity associated with product use – with all the attending human resource, air, (especially) water, and soil pollution issues. Push toward developing higher ed based expertise (physical and virtual) centers (at the Instituto Tecnologicos) to inform and train Maquila industries in handling common hazmats, administration of hazmats, air emissions, water quality and treatment, soil remediation, energy 290 efficiency, recycling / reuse match making, development and promotion of ISO 14K certification (expected of large and medium sized enterprises in coming years). Question of funding; autofinancero ITESM center for environment provides high level of services, yet still require debt servicing from the university. Large Maquila enterprise dominant in representation at Roundtable – most already have in place environmental management systems / pollution control; small and medium sized enterprise not in attendance, yet they have greatest need – to have access to information and training for activities like registering, monitoring waste discharge and in getting systems in place to manage waste. 291 US Trade with Mexico 95-00 in $’000 source: www.ita.doc.gov rev 3 Commodity 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 ______EXPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 2,162 3,575 3,074 3,840 3,885 4,621 1 Beverages And Tobacco 81 80 82 83 111 127 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 2,127 2,480 2,956 3,073 2,603 3,138 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related Materials 1,277 1,524 2,006 1,773 2,268 4,303 4 Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And Waxes 363 323 375 460 360 303 5 Chemicals And Related Products 4,268 5,175 6,343 6,874 7,187 8,944 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material 6,609 8,230 9,319 10,790 12,409 15,790 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 21,883 26,613 35,810 38,839 43,770 57,144 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 5,602 6,476 8,394 9,639 10,336 12,332 9 Commodities & Transactions Not Classified 1,940 2,283 3,019 3,639 4,115 5,020 Elsewher . TOTAL 46,311 56,761 71,378 79,010 87,044 111,722 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 ______IMPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 3,839 3,664 3,917 4,323 4,429 4,521 1 Beverages And Tobacco 407 535 704 845 1,010 1,299 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 1,098 963 978 880 812 817 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related Materials 5,788 6,785 8,449 5,300 7,217 12,763 4 Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And Waxes 44 51 29 45 41 29 5 Chemicals And Related Products 1,298 1,363 1,551 1,504 1,612 1,783 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material 5,075 5,689 6,642 7,466 7,993 9,128 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 33,185 40,694 47,312 54,559 63,805 79,479 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 8,365 10,285 12,953 15,799 17,924 20,220 9 Commodities & Transactions Not Classified Elsewher 2,605 2,934 3,337 3,989 4,864 5,873 . TOTAL 61,705 72,963 85,872 94,709 109,706 135,912 292 Chemical Industries in Mexico By Type and Employment By Size, 1993 Small 1-50 employees; Medium 51-250; Large 250+ (Source: INEGI) SIZE COMPANIES % EMPLOYMENT % Small 73 15 Medium 20 32 Large 7 53 Total 100 100 Geographical Concentration of Chemical Industries in Mexico (Source: ANIQ - 1992) STATE NUMBER OF PLANTS PERCENT Estado de Mexico 126 27.4 Veracruz 81 17.4 Distrito Federal 74 15.8 Other States 68 14.6 Nuevo Leon 31 6.6 Tamaulipas 23 4.9 Guanajuanto 23 4.9 Jalisco 21 4.5 Puebla 19 4.0 Total 466 100 Petrochemicals Pemex maintains monopoly control over eight basic petrochemicals -- butane, carbon black feedstocks, ethane, heptane, hexane, naphtha, pentane, and propane. Mexico's secondary petrochemical plants produce 13 types of petrochemicals at 61 plants located mainly in 10 293 complexes. Pemex Petroquimica, the petrochemical unit of Pemex, hopes to obtain private funds for these secondary petrochemical complexes. However, throughout 1998 and 1999, plans to capitalize the plants, using a 51% government/49% private ownership formula, were not proven popular with investors and private companies, who would prefer controlling stakes in these petrochemical complexes. Pemex needs foreign capital in order to repair and upgrade its petrochemical plants, which have deteriorated due to a lack of domestic investment. The most modern petrochemical complex is Petroquimica Morelos, in the southern part of the Gulf coast state of Veracruz. Plans to upgrade this complex call for a $100 million infusion of capital: $49 million from private investors, and $51 from the government. Morelos has a capacity of about 350,000 metric tons of ethylene per year. The Mexican chemical industry runs large trade deficits, often for raw materials supplied in insufficient quantities by Pemex. Lack of integration and outdated production methods also are hampering the industry. Pemex is not able to provide a full amount of needed petrochemicals, and thus companies must import them. In fact, petrochemicals accounts for more than $3 billion per year in trade deficits with the United States. 294 Chemically Related Industry Company Case Studies - Mexico .(Source: www.cosmos.com.mx and corporate websites, 1999, 2000, 2001) PEMEX PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS Marina Nacional # 329, Col. Huasteca Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11311 Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal www.pemex.com In Mexico the petrochemical industry is governed by the Regulatory Law of the 27th Article on Oil Matters in the Constitution, passed on November 29, 1958. Regulations for the institutionalization of the development policies of the petrochemical industry were passed in 1971, and the industry was divided into two sectors, Basic and Secondary Petrochemicals. The above mentioned regulation set forth that the extraction, refining and production of oil and gas and the products that constitute the Basic Petrochemical Industry were exclusively reserved for the government through Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX). The secondary petrochemical Industry includes all the by-products of the processes subsequent to those already mentioned. In this case private and foreign investments play a very important role. According to the law, foreign investment can participate in this sector with 40% of the investments. Thus, under this Regulatory Law, the government-owned company practically dominated petrochemical production in Mexico. In spite of this fact, it has been recognized that thanks to the driving force of PEMEX´s investments within the legal framework, an industrial structure was established where private businessmen and PEMEX developed the adequate infrastructure for the domestic market. The growth reported by the petrochemical industry in general from 1960 until 1980 was accelerated. From 30 products in 1960 which made a total of 395,000 tons, in 1980 there were more than 200 products for a total of 8,830 tons. This meant an average growth rate of 16.8%. All this contributed to a growing self sufficiency in supply, thus decreasing the import of basic products, from 50% in 1960 to less than 20% in 1980. At the same time, exports of domestic petrochemical products were uncertain because they were carried out under a scheme of installed capacity surpluses, which amounted to only 5.5% of domestic production. Insufficient production capacity in most of the basic petrochemical products created the need to import such products in order to meet the domestic market demand. During 1973, 1974 and in early 1975, there was a shortage of petrochemical raw materials in the international market. The influencing factors were the few 295 investments made in new production capacity in the industrialized countries and the embargo decreed by the oil exporting countries. Thus, the requirements of the basic petrochemical industry could not be satisfied in the domestic market, and when this was possible, prices were well above the previous prices. In view of the energy crisis and considering the large amount of raw materials available in the oil and natural gas deposits discovered in Mexico, the need came to develop a basic industry of such proportions that it would guarantee the supply of the inputs required for domestic industrial growth, reducing dependency from abroad. Starting in 1975 and in the following ten years, a national plan for industrial development was initiated, providing tax and economic incentives for the industry, such as differentials for energy products and basic petrochemical inputs. In view of the situation, sufficient production capacity would be installed to export 25% during three years, without this commitment implying the neglect of the domestic market. This was done with the purpose of contributing to the development of a competitive industry oriented towards exporting. On one side, the government would be responsible for the supply of energy products and water, and also for providing the infrastructure required for housing, communications and services. Also, the construction of four large producing complexes originated from this plan: La Cangrejera, Cosoleacaque, Pajaritos and Morelos, and six smaller centers, Escolín, Camargo, Salamanca, Tula and Independencia. At the same time that PEMEX´s petrochemical industry was growing, the growth of the Mexican chemical industry also started, with the creation of new companies. After Mexico joined the GATT, the industry in general faced strong market pressures. This forced the government to see the need of restructuring the petrochemical industry, and in August, 1989, the first steps were taken to reclassify most of the so-called basic petrochemical products, opening this industry to private investment, arguing that such classification was made in order for private investment to complement public investment, which by that time was scarce. The amendments made to the Regulatory Law set forth that the extraction, refining and production of oil and gas, as well as the manufacturing of the products classified as basic petrochemicals would be reserved exclusively for the government through PEMEX. At the same time, all the products classified as secondary petrochemicals would require a license for their production. Such licenses would be awarded by Comisión Petroquímica Mexicana (Mexican Petrochemical Commission), that existed at that time. The following 20 products were considered as basic petrochemicals: ammonia, benzene, butadiene, dodecylbenzene, ethane, ethyl methyl terbuthyl, ethylene, heptane, hexane, raw material for carbon black, methanol, n-parafins, o-xylene, p-xylene, penthanes, propylene, ter amyl methyl ether, propylene tetramer, toluene and xylenes. 296 Sixty six products were included in secondary petrochemicals: 2-ethyl-hexanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetate, acetylene, acetone cyanhydrin, acetone, acetonitrile, acetic acid, acrylic acid, prussic acid, terephthalic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acreolin, oxo alcohols, alpha olefins, acetic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, aniline, butyraldehyde, caprolactam, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, chlorobenzenes, chloromethanes, chloroprene, ethyl chloride, vinyl chloride, styrene-propylene-copolymer, cumene, dichloroethane, dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene-propylene elastomers, styrene, styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), ethanolamines, ethylamines, ethylbenzene, phenol, formaldehyde, ammonium phosphate, styrene butadiene rubber, isobutyraldehyde, isoprene, isopropanol, methyl methacrylate, methylamines, ammonium nitrate, nitrobenzenes, nitrofoluene, n-butanol, internal olefines, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, paraformaldehyde, pentaeritritol, polybutadiene, polybutenes, high-density polyethylene (PEAD), low-density polyethylene (PEBD), low density linear polyethylene (PELBD), polypropylene, ammonium sulphate, terbutanol and urea. Later, with the execution of commercial treaties with other countries, especially the Northamerica Free Trade Agreement with the United States and Canada, the industry faced a growing and fierce competition from abroad in the domestic market, because many local customers stopped buying petrochemical products and decided to import finished or semi-finished products, forcing the industry to look for export markets. On July 16, 1992, 54 years after the oil expropriation, a new period started for PEMEX when the Congress of the United Mexican States passed the Organic Law of PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS and Subsidiaries. This law sets forth the creation of four decentralized entities of a technical, industrial and commercial nature with their own legal capacity and capital. The purposes of these four entities are as follows: PEMEX-Exploración y Producción is in charge of the prospecting and exploitation of oil and natural gas, their transportation, storage in terminals and marketing. PEMEX-Refinación is in charge of the refining industrial processes, manufacturing of oil products and by-products which may be used as basic industrial raw materials, of the storage, transportation and distribution as well as marketing of the above mentioned products and by-products. PEMEX-Gas y Petroquímica Básica is in charge of the processing of natural gas, liquids from natural gas and artificial gas and of the storage, transportation, distribution and marketing of these hydrocarbons, as well as that of any by-products which may serve as basic industrial raw materials. PEMEX-Petroquímica is in charge of the petrochemical industrial processes for products which are not part of the basic petrochemical industry, as well as their storage, distribution and marketing. 297 PEMEX-Internacional (PMI) is in charge of marketing abroad Petróleos Mexicanos products and of importing the inputs required by the entity when internal supply is not sufficient. Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP) is in charge of promoting research and technological development, where the major objective is the development or assimilation of processes, procedures or products that help improve the competitive position of Petróleos Mexicanos, and also of the education, training and updating of the staff and students in the institutions involved. According to the law published on August 17, 1992, a new classification of petrochemical products was decreed, with 8 products in basic petrochemicals: ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, naphthas and raw material for carbon black, and there are 13 secondary petrochemicals that require a license from the Secretariat of Energy for their production: acetylene, ammonia, benzene, butadiene, butylene, ethylene, methanol, n-parafins, o-xylene, p-xylene, propylene, toluene, xylene mix, which in spite of the reclassification, continue to be manufactured only by the government-owned company. The 21 products not included in the preceding classification can be produced by the private, social or public sectors, and the only requirement is to register them with the Secretariat of Energy. The new reclassification was made because of the same reasons than the previous. However, this strategy was not very effective, since investments were not as expected. At the same time, national priorities prevented PEMEX from investing in the petrochemical sector. Today, Pemex maintains monopoly control over eight basic petrochemicals -- butane, carbon black feedstocks, ethane, heptane, hexane, naphtha, pentane, and propane. Mexico's secondary petrochemical plants produce 13 types of petrochemicals at 61 plants located mainly in 10 complexes. Pemex Petroquimica, the petrochemical unit of Pemex, hopes to obtain private funds for these secondary petrochemical complexes. However, throughout 1998 and 1999, plans to capitalize the plants, using a 51% government/49% private ownership formula, were not proven popular with investors and private companies, who would prefer controlling stakes in these petrochemical complexes. Pemex needs foreign capital in order to repair and upgrade its petrochemical plants, which have deteriorated due to a lack of domestic investment. The most modern petrochemical complex is Petroquimica Morelos, in the southern part of the Gulf coast state of Veracruz. Plans to upgrade this complex call for a $100 million infusion of capital: $49 million from private investors, and $51 from the government. Morelos has a capacity of about 350,000 metric tons of ethylene per year. The Mexican chemical industry runs large trade deficits, often for raw materials supplied in insufficient quantities by Pemex. Lack of integration and outdated production methods also are hampering the industry. Pemex is not able to provide a full amount of needed petrochemicals, and thus companies must import them. In fact, petrochemicals accounts for more than $3 billion per year in trade deficits with the United States. 298 Mexico's secondary petrochemical plants produce 13 types of petrochemicals at 61 plants located mainly in 10 complexes. Pemex Petroquimica, the petrochemical unit of Pemex, hopes to capitalize -- that is, boost with private funds -- these secondary petrochemical complexes. In May 1998, Energy Minister Tellez said that Pemex would seek private bids on the first of these plants during the third quarter of 1998. However, the plan to capitalize the plants using a 51% government/49% private ownership formula has not proven popular with investors and private companies, who would prefer opportunities to obtain controlling stakes in these petrochemical complexes. Pemex needs foreign capital in order to repair and upgrade its petrochemical plants, which have deteriorated due to a lack of domestic investment in the sector. Earlier this year deputy Deputy Energy Minister Jorge Chavezstated that the Mexico's petrochemical plants suffered from "obsolescence of scale" and needed a lot of investments. The most modern petrochemical complex is Petroquimica Morelos, in the southern part of the Gulf coast state of Veracruz. Plans to upgrade the complex call for a $100 million infusion of capital: $49 million from private investors, and $51 from the government. Morelos has a capacity of about 350,000 metric tons of ethylene per year. The Mexican petrochemical industry stretches south from Tampico around the Bay of Campeche, with many facilities concentrated at Veracruz. Mexico has the key ingredients for a successful petrochemical industry: a large and rapidly growing internal market, access to U.S. and other Latin American markets and a rich supply of ethane feedstocks from oil and gas production. Ethane and ethylene kick off a petrochemical chain that leads to production of four of the world's most widely used plastics—polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene. Despite its advantages, the Mexican petrochemical industry remains relatively small, ranking 14th in the world in ethylene production, for example, with 1.3 billion tons per year of capacity. In contrast, Texas and Louisiana have nameplate capacity of 25.9 billion tons per year, a figure that dwarfs that of the world's second—largest producer, Japan, with 6.9 billion tons per year. There are four complexes in the Houston metropolitan area alone that have more ethylene capacity. Only about half the ethane currently produced in Mexico is used as feedstock; the rest is returned to the natural gas stream to be burned. Pemex's petrochemical subsidiary owns 70 plants in 10 complexes that produce a wide array of base and intermediate products for plastics and synthetic fibers and rubber. Most of these plants were built in the mid—1980s or earlier, with the notable exception of those in the large Morelos complex, where production started between 1988 and 1994. A recent assessment of these plants by the Mexican Secretary of Energy found them small by current world standards, employing obsolete technologies and needing improvements to enhance performance, safety and environmental controls. The report estimated that if these plants were located in Texas or Louisiana, less than half their combined capacity would be economically viable. Complementing Pemex operations are a large and growing number of private Mexican and foreign petrochemical operations with successful niches in the Mexican market. Leadership among the Mexican companies belongs to Alpek, a subsidiary of Monterrey—based conglomerate Grupo Alfa. Along with Shell and BASF, Alpek has spearheaded development of the private petrochemical complex at Altamira, near Tampico. The most aggressive of the 299 foreign companies is BASF, which operates nine facilities with 2,000 employees in Mexico. Its largest investments are in styrene and copolymers at Altamira. Last year, Profepa named Pemex the nation's worst eco-offender in terms of emissions in 2000. The oil company garnered a rating of 11.2 for air pollution on a scale of one to 100, with 100 representing perfect and zero being extremely grave. PRIVATIZING PETROCHEMICALS source: —Robert W. Gilmer and Joan E. Williams http://www.dallasfed.org/htm/pubs/houston/9905.html Opening petrochemicals to private Mexican and foreign investment has been a prolonged process of defining and redefining what is "oil"—national patrimony reserved to Pemex—and what is simply value—added in a production chain that begins with oil and natural gas liquids. In Mexican terminology, products reserved to Pemex are "basic," and other, "secondary" petrochemicals may be privately produced, in some cases with a permit from the federal government. Pemex domination of Mexican petrochemicals peaked in 1986, when the number of basic petrochemicals was reduced from 70 to 34 and a 40—percent limit on foreign participation in secondary petrochemicals was dropped. The list of basic petrochemicals was shortened again in 1989, 1991 and 1992, and in 1996 all restrictions on secondary petrochemicals were eliminated. As recently as 1989 the basic list included such important commodity chemicals as ethylene, propylene, methanol, benzene and toluene. However, the restricted list today is confined to carbon black and naphthas, plus the natural gas liquid feedstocks: ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane and heptane. In principle, the petrochemical industry is open to Mexican and foreign capital alike, apart from a Pemex monopoly on feedstocks. It is important to distinguish Mexico's basic/secondary terminology from the industry's definition of base or commodity chemicals that appear early in chemical commodity chains. The petrochemical industry is sometimes divided into four parts, according to where products appear on the production chain. Feedstocks are the energy product input: naphtha, methane, ethane, propane and so on. The first stage of processing produces high—volume commodity base petrochemicals, with methanol, ammonia, ethylene, propylene and toluene among them. A large number of intermediate products appear between the base chemicals and final products: formaldehyde, nitric acid and ethylene dioxide, for example. Final products would include resins, fertilizer, polyester, synthetic fibers and polyurethane foam. From this perspective the Mexican basic petrochemicals are simply the feedstocks, and privatized, secondary petrochemicals are the base, intermediate and final products. This structure can also be used to describe the ownership pattern of Mexican petrochemicals, beginning with the Pemex monopoly on feedstocks. Base petrochemicals and most early intermediates (such as ethylene oxide or ethylene dichloride) remain dominated by Pemex, which held 74.6 percent of this base and intermediate market in 1995. Private Mexican and foreign firms generally operate further downstream, well into the intermediates (formaldehyde or 300 phenol) or producing final plastic, resin or synthetic rubber. In 1995 non—Pemex production was about one—third of Mexican petrochemical output, most of it concentrated well downstream. PRIVATIZATION STALLS In January 1995 the Zedillo administration announced its intent to sell all Pemex petrochemical complexes, with the Cosoleacaque ammonia plant the first to go on the block. Pemex would remain as a minority partner with a 20—percent participation, and the oil union contract would be transferred to the new owner. Companies in Mexico, the United States and Norway expressed interest in purchasing the complex. But political opposition, led by the oil workers union, ultimately killed the deal in the summer of 1996. The transfer of Pemex property to private or foreign hands simply proved impossible. This was the point at which the opportunity was lost to move the bulk of the existing Mexican petrochemical industry into private hands. Further efforts have been made to attract private capital to Pemex plants, but to no effect. The modern Morelos complex was recently marketed under a cumbersome bidding process. Unable to sell the complex outright, the Secretary of Energy sought private Mexican and foreign partners for Pemex that might be willing to invest in modernizing the plant and share in the ownership of Morelos in proportion to the capital brought to the table. However, Pemex would remain majority owner, the oil union workers contract would remain in place and foreign ownership would be even further restricted to 24 percent or less of the complex. Despite some initial interest, this restrictive scheme ultimately drew no formal bids. The dilemma Mexican petrochemicals is clear. The country has higher priorities for its public investment than petrochemicals and has not invested much more than routine maintenance in its plants since the early 1990s. Two—thirds of Mexican chemical production is in the hands of an increasingly unreliable supplier. Attracting foreign investment to the commodity petrochemical niche Pemex now occupies is problematic at best (such investment has been rare outside of Canada and Saudi Arabia), and it is complicated further by the Pemex monopoly on feedstocks. Ironclad guarantees of globally competitive feedstock prices would be imperative. Mexico's National Association of Industrial Chemists recently described the emerging future as one of a maquiladora chemical industry—one in which basic feedstocks are purchased abroad and the potential for domestic value—added is limited to less capital—intensive downstream processes. Given Mexico's rich resource base, this is a high price to pay for not bringing its energy institutions into line with the global market. President Fox has ambitious plans to restructure and modernize Mexican government and industry, including petrochemicals and the energy sector (although privatization of the state oil company Pemex has been ruled out as politically infeasible). Fox has stated his commitment to making the country less financially reliant on oil exports, which currently generate about one- third of government revenues. Mexico is producing and consuming rapidly increasing quantities of natural gas, and much of the country's vast gas reserves remain untapped. Some of Fox's proposed changes will require changes to the Mexican Constitution. It remains unclear that Fox 301 will be able to generate the required two-thirds majority in the bicameral Congress to enact a constitutional change. The PRI is the largest party in the federal Congress (where no party has a majority) and the majority party in the Senate, and the PRI remains divided between a more progressive wing and a wing more resistant to change. 302 Celanese, S.A. Executive Office: AV. MIGUEL HIDALGO ORIENTE NO 1350 SAN SEBASTIAN, 50010, TUL. EDO. De MEX. Telephone: +52 72 794300 Website: htpp://www.celanese.com.mx Formerly known as Celanese Mexicana S.A. manufactures and markets synthetic fibres, chemical products and packaging materials. The company's main products are Pet resin, Ethyl Polyester staple fibers, Acetic Acid, Methyl acrylate, Polyester filament, Acetic anhidride, Acetate filament, Celulose acetates, Non plasticized, Vinyl acetates and Acetate tow. Synthetic fibers accounted 49% of 1997 revenues; chemicals, 33% and packaging products, 22%. Chairman W.B. HARRIS Vice-Chairman: T.M. MOHR Sales/Revs 1997: 982,277,779 Girsa Corporativo S.A. de C.V. Paseo de Tamarindos 400 B piso 31 Bosques de lasLomas Cuajimalpa 05120México D.F. Tel: 2-61-83-00 Fax: 2-61-83-61 www.girsa.com.mx As a subsidiary of DESC, S.A. de C.V., (one of Mexico's largest groups, focuses its activities in five business sectors: autoparts, chemicals, consumer products, food and real estate), GIRSA is a group of Mexican petrochemical companies comprising more than 4,000 employees, 17 productive facilities. This group (along with Agrobios, Unik and Dine) is owned by Desc, a fully-Mexican investment Group. Girsa itself has an annual sales revenue of more than $750 million dollars, and exports 32% of its production to the Americas, Asia and Europe. Girsa will use the IFC financing to modernise, expand and invest in its business units, which include synthetic rubber, phosphates, consumer products, laminates, polystyrene, carbon black, phenol, and acrylic sheets. Director General: Enrique Ochoa Vega Director Finanzas y Administración: Carlos Urdiales Morales Director Adjunto: Leopoldo Rodríguez Sánchez Fundada: 1936 Empleados: 4,295 Actividad: Industria Química. PRODUCTOS - PRODUCTS ACETONA ACETONE 303 ACIDO FOSFORICO PHOSPHORIC ACID ACIDO SULFURICO SULFURIC ACID ADHESIVOS ADHESIVES ADITIVOS PARA ALIMENTOS ADDITIVES, FOR FOOD ADITIVOS PARA CONCRETO Y PISOS ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE AND FLOORS AMINOACIDOS AMINOACIDS ANTIOXIDANTES ANTIOXIDANTS AROMATIZANTES AROMATIC AGENTS CARBON ACTIVADO ACTIVATED CARBON COMPLEMENTOS ALIMENTICIOS COMPLEMENTS, FOOD COPOLIMEROS DE ESTIRENO COPOLYMERS, STYRENE ELASTOMEROS ELASTOMERS EMULSIONES EMULSIONS EMULSIONES DE BUTADIENO ESTIRENO EMULSIONS, STYRENE BUTADIENE ESPECIALIDADES QUIMICAS SPECIALTIES, CHEMICAL FENOL 304 PHENOL FUNGICIDAS FUNGICIDES HULES / CAUCHO SINTETICOS RUBBERS, SYNTHETIC IMPERMEABILIZANTES WATERPROOFERS METIL METACRILATO METHYL METHACRYLATE NEGROS DE HUMO CARBON BLACK PIGMENTOS PIGMENTS PINTURAS PAINTS POLIESTIRENO POLYESTYRENE POLIESTIRENO CRISTAL POLYESTYRENE, CRYSTAL GPPS General Purpose Polystyrene PROMOTORES DE CRECIMIENTO FOLIAR RECUBRIMIENTOS COATINGS SABORES SABORIZANTES FLAVORS, FLAVORINGS SABORIZANTES FLAVORINGS SELLADORES SEALERS TRIPOLIFOSFATO DE SODIO 305 SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE 306 Grupo Cydsa S.A. de C.V. Executive Office: COL. VALLE SANTA ENGRACIA 66268 GARZA GARCIA NUEVO LEON Telephone: +52 83 511010 A holding company and its subsidiaries are involved in the manufacture of synthetic and artificial fiber, acrylic yarn and finished textile products, the production and conversion of transparent films and foams, the manufacture of PVC and its derivatives and other basic chemical products. It exports to more than 50 countries worldwide. Chemicals and plastics accounted for 41% of 1996 revenues; fibres and textiles, 39%; packaging, 17% and water treatment plants, 3%. Chairman:T. G. SADA President & CEO F. SADA Sales/Revs 1998: 800,408,390. Cydsa is one of Mexico's leading textile and petrochemical conglomerates, having more than 20 subsidiaries that employ about 10,000 people and sell more than 200 products worldwide. The company, which began in 1945 as a maker of rayon, has expanded into six divisions: chemical products, fibers, home textiles, flexible packaging, environmental services, and yarn and apparel. The company's products include PCV pipe, cellophane, fibers and threads, and chlorine and other chemicals. It also builds water treatment plants. Glassmaker Vitro, once Cydsa's primary shareholder, sold its 49.9% stake to Cydsa CEO Tomas Gonzalez Sada and members of his family in 1997. Executive Office: COL. VALLE SANTA ENGRACIA 66268 GARZA GARCIA NUEVO LEON Telephone: +52 83 511010 Tekchem S.A. de C.V. Executive Office: AV. JALISCO 180 D.F. MEXICO Telephone: +52 5 2722221 Website: [email protected] Manufactures and sells chemicals and agro-chemicals products to supply the industrial, agroindustrial and public health sectors. General Manager:I. RIVERO DARANCOU Sales/Revs 1997: 23,282,555 307 Higher Education / Industrial Linkages - Mexico (Source: CONACyT, 1999) Recently a government report on fostering S&T activity in Mexico provided the following recommendations related to university / industry relations: •decrease the concentration of international cooperation now centered in specific groups of investigators, institutions and regions of the country; •take a more active role in defining common interests and programs with international counterparts; •intensify cooperation with NAFTA partners and open new areas of cooperation, particularly with countries in the european community and the Asian Pacific region; •establish programs to bring recognized international scientists and Mexicans living overseas to Mexico; •analyze international experiences industry-university linkages in order to adapt them for use in Mexico; •foster programs of international cooperation in which academics and business people can participate; •include regional groups and research institutions in international cooperative programs; •establish international financing strategies to foster scientific research, technology development, the development of human resources and closer ties between the academic and industrial sectors; •encourage greater participation by Mexico in multinational programs in science and technology and to facilitate the access of Mexican scientists and technologists to laboratories and infrastructure in other countries. Here are some existing linkages among higher education and industry in Mexico. Small, medium and large chemical companies in Mexico with track records of higher education / industry collaboration through UNAM Institute of Chemistry: Laboratorio Hines, Laboratorio Simón, Laboratorio Silanes, Laboratorio Proquífia, Laboratorio Proquina, Cosbel, Resistol (CID), Poliolel, Negromex, Varian. 308 CENTRO DE CIENCIAS DE LA ATMÓSFERA -Consejo Británico-Cía. Geofísica de Exploración-Comisión Nacional de Derechos HumanosDirector General Nombre: Dr. Fernando García G. Puesto: Director Tel. 622-4059 E-mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: M. en C. René Garduño L. Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 622-4059 E-Mail: [email protected] CDMI, CENTRO DE DISEÑO DE MANUFACTURA DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Simex -Multipack S.A. -Transformadores Voltran -Promezasa, S.A. de C.V. -Industrias Murrel S.A. -Serral, S.A. de C.V. -Honey Well de México -Western Equipment -Developments L.T.D. Vitro Enseres Domésticos -Productos de Maíz, S.A. de C.V. -Torres Mexicanas, S.A de C.V. 309 -Oficina Central de Correos de México. Director General Nombre: Dr. Marcelo López Parra Puesto: Jefe del C.D.M. Tel. 550-0635 E-Mail:[email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: Ing. Adrián Espinoza B. Puesto: Jefe de Sección de Diseño Tel. 5500635 CENTRO DE INSTRUMENTOS -Visión XXI.S.A. -Indenjema, S.A. -Dispositivos, Bombas y Accionadores, S.A. -DIDATEC, S.A. -INYMET, S.A. -Lab. Galen, S.A. -AXA-YAZAKI, S.A -MITUTOYO, Mex. S.A. -HARADA, Ind. S.A. -POLAROID, S.A. 310 -SANDVIK, S.A. -Fernández Editores, S.A. -Ford Motor Company, S.A. -Vitro, S.A. -Cutler Hammer, S.A. -PEMEX Director General Nombre: Dr. Claudio Firmani Clementi Puesto: Director Tel. 550-0337 / 622-8601 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre:Ing. Gerardo Ruiz Botello Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 5500416, 6228605 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Ing. Gerardo Ruiz Botello Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 550-0416 / 622-8605 E-Mail: [email protected] CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE DISEÑO INDUSTRIAL 311 -Air Desing, S.A. -Fomento Cultural BANAMEX. -Industrias Murel, S.A. -Tequila de la Casa de Jalisco. -Vitro Matic Comercial, S.A. de C.V.Director General Nombre: D.I. Mauricio Moyssen Puesto: Coordinador General Tel. 622-0835 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico: Nombre: D.I. Fernando Rubio Puesto: Coordinador Técnico Tel. 6220835 E-Mail: [email protected] Director de Consultoría: Nombre: D.I. Fernando Rubio Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: D.I. Fernando Rubio Puesto: Coordinador Técnico Tel. 622-0835 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Lic. Enrique Navarrete 312 Puesto: Coordinador de Gestión Tecnológica. Tel. 622-0835 E-Mail: [email protected] ESCUELA NACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS PROFESIONALES IZTACALA -Veralac, S.A.-Minerales No Metálicos-Merck, S.A. de C.V. -I.M.S.S. -Samborns. Director General: Nombre: Mtro. Felipe Tirado Segura Puesto:Director General Tel. 623-1150 / 623-1170 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: M. en C. Ignacio Peñalosa Castro Puesto: Jefe de la Carrera de Biología Tel. 623-1149 E-Mail: [email protected] Director de Consultoría Nombre: C.D. Ana Graf Obregón Puesto: Jefe de la Divisón de Extensión Universitaria Tel. 623-1171 E-Mail: [email protected] 313 Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Lic. Teresa García Gómez Puesto: Jefa del Depto. de Servicios al Sector Productivo Tel. 623-1184, 623-1158 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Lic. Teresa García Gómez FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA -Asociación Vecinos Colonia Centro -Coop. de Vivienda Coyocalpulli. -Vecinos Lomas de la Era. -Universidad Autónoma de México. -Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo. Director General Nombre: Arq. Felipe Leal Fernández Puesto: Director Tel. 622-0300 Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Arq. José Antonio Ramírez Puesto: Coordinador de Extensión Universitaria Tel. 622-0367 / 622-0364 314 FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES CUAUTITLAN -Pan Don Toño -Empacadora Ruiz Cruz -Empacadora La Providencia -Empacadora Morgalli -Empacadora Paty -Alcosa -Danone -Ambesco -Tetra Laval -Takasaga Director General Nombre: Dra. Sara Valdés Martínez Puesto: Secretaria Académica Tel. 623-1955 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Ing. Carlos Orozco Ferreira Puesto: Servicio al Público Tel. 6231955 Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Dra. Sara Valdés Martínez 315 FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA. -Personas Físicas -Nacional Monte de Piedad-Petroleos Mexicanos -Departamento del Distrito Federal -Comisión Nacional del Agua -Gobierno del Estado de México Director de Consultoría Nombre: Rolando de la Llanta Romero Puesto: Jefe de la División Tel. 550-0040 Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Rolando de la Llanta Romero FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, COORDINA-CIÓN DE VINCULACIÓN UNIVERSIDAD- EMPRESA. -GMC García Moreno Garza y Asociados, S.A. de C.V. -Películas Ebesa. -Guzmán Díaz Ceballos, S.C. -Bocar Servicios, S.A. de C.V. -Austromex-Abrasivos Especiales S.A. de C.V. -Kaltex Home. -Simco de México, S.A. de C.V. -Petroleos Mexicanos. -Ica Fluor Daniel, S.A. de C.V. 316 -Tetra Pak -Siemens Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. -Embotelladora Mundet, S.A. de C.V. Director Técnico Nombre: Ing. Luis Candelas Ramírez Puesto: Jefe del Depto.de Prácticas y Vinculación Tel. 6228001, 6228002, 6228003 Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Ing. Carlos Sánchez Mejía Puesto: Coordinación de Vinculación Universidad-Empresa. Tel. 622-3121 FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL, TOPOGRÁFICA Y GEODÉSICA. -Personas Físicas-Delegaciones Políticas.-Secretaría Agraria.-Sector Comunicaciones y Transportes -Instituto de Tecnología del Agua -INEGI -Colegio de Ingenieros Topógrafos Director Técnico Nombre: M.I. Gabriel Moreno Pecero Puesto: Jefe de la División Tel. (5) 622-8007 E-Mail: [email protected] 317 Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: M.I. Gabriel Moreno Pecero FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA -Industria Nacional de Autopartes -Instituto Nacional del Agua. -Grupo ICA Sistemas de Transporte Colectivo. -S.C.T. Director General Nombre: Ing. José Manuel Covarrubias Puesto: Director de la Facultad de Ingeniería Director Técnico Nombre: M. en C. Salvador Landeros Puesto: Jefe de la División de Ingeniería Eléctrica Tel. 6223116 FACULTAD DE MEDICINA -Biotecnologías Universitarias, S.A. de C.V.-Productos Ecológicos S.A. (Guatemalteca).- Laboratorios Aranda, S.A. de C.V.-Schering Plough, S.A. de C.V. -Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V. Director General Nombre: Dr. Alejandro Cravioto Puesto: Director Tel. 616-1162 / 623-2401 Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Dr. Ernesto Trens Flores Puesto: Jefe del Programa de Desarrollo Tecnológico Tel. 623-2151 / 616-0290 E-Mail: [email protected] -Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Dr. Ernesto Trens Flores FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA CENTRO DE CÓMPUTO -Personas Físicas.-CENTRUM -Personas Físicas -FEDMVZ -AMMVEB -ANECA -INIFAP Director General Nombre: Gerardo López Buendía Puesto: Jefe del Centro de Cómputo Tel. (5) 622-5876 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: Martha Máximo Munguía 319 Puesto: Jefe de Soporte Técnico Tel. 6225877 E-Mail: [email protected] Director de Consultoría Nombre: Guillermo Salazar Mendoza Puesto: Gerente General Tel. 6225876 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Nora Galván Ochoa Puesto: Coordinador de Cursos Tel. 6225876 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Gerardo López Buendía Puesto: Jefe del Centro de Cómputo Tel. 622-5876 E-Mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE ASTRONOMÍA -Oerlikón-INEGI -Fábrica de Papel del B de México -Director General 320 Nombre: Gloria Koenigsberg Puesto: Directora Tel. 616-1412 Director Técnico Nombre: Arturo Iriarte V. Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 6223906 E-Mail: [email protected] -Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Rafael Costero Puesto: Secretario Académico Teléfono: 622-3906 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Arturo Iriarte V. INSTITUTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA. -Proveedor Internacional de Químicos -Diagnostika -Pharm Yeast -Proquifin -Mogen -Genencor, Int. 321 -Pioner Hi Bred -DuPont -Maseca -Syntex, División Química Director General Nombre: Dr. Javier Soberón Mainero Puesto: Director Tel. (5) 622-7673 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes: Nombre: Ing. Mario Trejo Loyo Puesto: Encargado de la Secretaría Técnica de Gestión Tel. 622-7654 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Ing. Mario Trejo Loyo INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS NUCLEARES -TTI Mexicana -Condimentos Naturales Tres Villas -Aplicadores, Bolsas y Brochas -Transvic -Avon Cosmetics-PalmoliveDirector General 322 Nombre: Dr. Octavio Castaños Puesto: Director Tel. 622-46-70 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: C.P. Fermín Bautista Puesto: Secretario Administrativo Tel. 622-46-71 Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Dr. José Jiménez Mier y Terán Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 622-46-71 E-Mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE FÍSICA, LABORATORIO DE CUERNAVACA. -D.T.A. -Mexinox, S.A. de C.V. -Ispat Mexicana Condumex -Mayekawa Director General Nombre: Lorenzo Martínez Gómez Puesto: Jefe del Laboratorio Tel. (5273)175388 E-Mail: [email protected] 323 Director Técnico Nombre: Osvaldo Flores Cedillo Puesto: Técnico Académico Titular B Tel. (5273) 173241 Director de Consultoría Nombre: Ramiro Pérez Campos Puesto: Investigador Tit. C Tel. (5273) 175388 Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Bernardo Campillo I. Puesto: Prof. Titular B Tel. (5273)291743 Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Lorenzo Martínez Gómez INSTITUTO DE GEOFÍSICA -PEMEX -Secretaría de Gobernación Director General Nombre: Jaime Urrutia F. Puesto: Director Tel. 5485892 Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes 324 Nombre: Enrique Cabral Cano Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 6224120, 6224028 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: Enrique Cabral Cano Director de Consultoría Nombre: Enrique Cabral Cano Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Enrique Cabral Cano INSTITUTO DE GEOGRAFÍA -PEMEX. -Departamento del Distrito Federal -SEMARNAP -INE. -Consorcio Minero Peña Colorada. Director General Nombre: Dr. Román Alvarez Bejar Puesto: Director Tel. 6224339, 6224340 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico 325 Nombre: Lic. Roberto Bonifaz Alfonzo Puesto: Jefe del Lab. De Observación de la Tierra Tel. 6224334 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Dr. Omar Moncada Maya Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel 6224339, 6224341 E-Mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE INGENIERÍA -Ecologiep, S.A. de C.V. -Champ, S.A. de C.V. -Demm Consultores -Datamar -Grupo Consultores Condor, S.A. -Secretaría de Gobernación. -CONAE. Comisión Nacional de Energía. -Instituto Mexicano de Transporte. -Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares. -Atlaxtec. -Autopistas del Sol -Equipos Industriales 326 -EFE Asesores -Deck Distribución de Agua Envasada S.A. de C.V. -IMT -C.N.A. -D.D.F. -Conacyt -S.C.T. -Comunidad Económica Europea. Director General Nombre: Dr. José Luis Fernández Zayas Puesto: Director Tel. 6225423 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: Ing. Héctor González Reza Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 6223419 Director de Consultoría Nombre: Ing. Roberto Magallanes Negrete Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 6223410, 6223411 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes 327 Nombre: Dr. José Luis Fernández Zayas Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Ing. Guillermo Sánchez N. Puesto: Reponsable de la Unidad de Servicios de Información Tel. 6223421 E-Mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOMÉDICAS -Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V. -EnMex S.A. de C.V. -U.U.-3 S.A. de C.V. -Serono. -Schering Plough -Columbia Lab. Director General Nombre: Dr. Carlos Larralde Puesto: Director Tel. 6223862 Director Técnico Nombre: Dr. Roberto Vargas Echeverría Puesto: Secretario de Desarrollo Tecnológico Tel. 6223847 E-Mail: [email protected] 328 Director de Consultoría Nombre: Dr. Raúl Mancilla Jiménez Puesto: Secretario Académico Tel. 6223856 Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Lic. Silvia Vargas Montes Puesto: Coordinadora de Vinculación Tel. 6223847 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Lic. Silvia Vargas Montes INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN MATEMÁTICAS APLICADAS Y SISTEMAS -Instituto Nacional de Ecología. -Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del DDF -Instituto Mexicano del PetróleoDirector General Nombre: Dr. Ismael Herrera Revilla Puesto: Director Tel. 6162764, 6223555 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: Ing. Jorge Gil Puesto: Secretario Académico 329 Tel. 6223554 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Dr. Ismael Herrera Revilla Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Ing. Enrique Pérez Puesto: Secretario Técnico Tel. 6223556, 6223554 E-Mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN MATERIALES -Celanese Mexicana S.A. de C.V. -Industrias Nacobre S.A. de C.V. -Grupo Carranza S.A. de C.V. -Con Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. Director General Nombre: Dr. Guillermo Aguilar Sagahún Puesto: Director Tel. 5501935 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Ing. José de Jesús Camacho Puesto: Secretario Técnico 330 Tel. 5500986 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Norma Angélica Olivares C. Puesto: Jefa del Depto. De Vinculación Tel. 6224571 E-Mail: [email protected] INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA -Laboratorio Hines. -Laboratorio Simón. -Productos Básicos, S.A.de C.V. -Organosintésis. -Laboratorio Silanes -Laboratorio Proquífia -Laboratorio Proquina -Cosbel -Resistol (CID) -Poliolel .Negromex -Varian Director General Nombre: Dr. Francisco Lara Ochoa 331 Puesto: Director Tel. 6224420 E-Mail: [email protected] Director Técnico Nombre: Carlos Damian Zez Puesto: Técnico Tel. 6224407 Director de Consultoría Nombre: Federico García Jiménez Puesto: Secretaria Técnica Tel. 6224420, 6224442 E-Mail: [email protected] Responsable de atención y servicios a clientes Nombre: Federico García Jiménez Responsable ante el SISTEC Nombre: Carlos Damian Zez 332 Higher Education – Mexico (Source: UNESCO, World of Learning, 1996) Structure of system The usual entrance qualification is the Certificado de secundaria. In addition, students normally have to take an entrance examination. Among some 401 institutions of higher education, the following categories can be distinguished: a) public universities, autonomous universities and those universities supported by one of the states; b) autonomous private institutions, recognized by the Secretaría de Educacion Pública, the state governments or the public universities; and c) teacher training and technical institutions and decentralized public institutions that come under various secretariates of state. Public institutions are almost entirely financed by the State. Private institutions are financed for the most part by students' fees. The teacher training establishments include: the Universidad Pedagogica Nacional; the advanced, specialized teacher training colleges and other teacher training colleges coming under state governments and private institutions. Higher education in the technological fields is offered above all by the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, founded in 1946, as well as by the regional technological institutes, founded since 1948 to meet the need for professional training, in particular in engineering and administration. The Instituto Politécnico Nacional includes a Centre for Research and Higher Studies which helps to train research workers and teaching staff for scientific and technical subjects. Main types of higher education institutions in country Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD Translation: UNIVERSITY Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA Translation: TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Type of institution: INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO Translation: TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE Type of institution: ESCUELA NORMAL Translation: TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE Type of institution: INSTITUTO AGROPECUARIO Translation: AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE Type of institution: INSTITUTO PESQUERO Translation: FISHERIES INSTITUTE Type of institution: INSTITUTO FORESTAL Translation: FORESTRY INSTITUTE Type of institution: INSTITUTO POLITECNICO Translation: POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Main laws/decrees governing higher education Name of law/decree: Ley para la Coordinacion Educativa Date: 1 May, 1912 Name of law/decree: Ley general de educacion Date: 1 May, 1907 Institution type: all institutions Administrative structure of higher education 333 Name of body: Asociacion Nacional de Universidades e Institutos de Enseñanza Superior Role: ANUIES coordinates internal relationship between the various higher education institutions and their external relations with the educational authorities. Address: P.O. Box: Caixa postal 003310 Street: Tenayuca 200, Col. Santa Cruz Atoyac City: Mexico, D.F. Postal code: 01000 Telephone: 52-5-4204900 Fax: 52-5-6044263 Internet: http://www.anuies.mx Name of body: Secretaría de Educacion Publica Street: Argentina 28, 2o piso Of.310 Col. Centro, Del. Cuauhtémoc City: Mexico, D.F. Postal code: 06029 Telephone: 52-5-5100478 Fax: 52-5-5184350 Name of body: Comité Nacional para la Coordinacion de la Educacion Superior Role: One of the bodies responsible for coordination of the National Plan for Higher Education established in 1978. Name of body: Subsecretaría de Educacion Superior y Investigacion Cientifica Role: helps institutions of higher education to plan their development Street: San Fernando 1 City: Mexico DF Postal code: 14050 Telephone: 52-5 626 03 01 Fax: 52-5 655 03 40 Name of body: Subsecretaría de Educacion e Investigacion tecnologica Role: train professional technicians in industry and general services Street: Argentina 28 2piso Oficina 3069 City: Mexico DF Postal code: 06029 Telephone: 52-5 510 07 39 Academic year Classes start: August Classes end: June Long vacation: from July, to August Languages of instruction: Spanish 334 Higher Education - Mexico sources: www.iie.org; Center for Research on Higher Education in Mexico; www.conacyt.gob.mx; Highlights Mexico's president, Vicente Fox, picked Reyes Tamez Guerra, dean of the National Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, in northern Monterrey, for the education secretary post. Mr. Tamez, 48, is an ACS member and biochemist who studied at the university he now heads before earning his doctorate at the National Polytechnic Institute. He supports the development of distance learning -- which has been put forward as a way to overcome Mexico's many education problems -- with the proviso that it not serve as a substitute for interaction between teachers and students. The secretary has suggested that Mexican institutions of higher learning themselves find ways to come up with the money for 30 percent of their budgets. Currently, the federal government subsidizes about 90 percent of public universities' finances. Mexico is the 10th largest sending country for international students in the United States. Federal expenditures for higher education in Mexico are not projected to grow beyond .65% of GDP – setting the stage for greater demand for private expenditures in both private and public institutions. Conacyt, the National Council in Science and Technology, provides 65 percent of the higher education scholarships supported by the federal government. Total enrollments in master's and doctoral programs in Mexico went from 46,000 in 1990 to 123,000 in 1998. Between 1990 and 1998 academics hired by the private sector in Mexico grew by 92% - although most are hired on a part-time basis. The Secretary of Public Education, through CONACyT, has called for the following improvements in Mexican Higher Education: •increase the post-graduate scholarship program in Mexico and overseas, with priority given to post-doctoral programs; •reinforce the repatriation program for previous scholarship recipients; •increase the number of teachers holding doctoral degrees; •increase the number of university students in science and engineering majors; •improve the quality of domestic post-doctorate programs and to stimulate the establishment and recognition of national doctoral programs comparable to those of other countries; 335 •encourage professional practices in industry and promote industry participation in financing master's degrees; •improve the professional training of technicians, researchers, and managers in industry. Mexican Students in the USA (Source: NSF, 1999) 336 337 Faculties of Chemical Sciences – Mexico (Source: Relaq, 1999) Centros de Química en México, por Estado/ Mexican University Chemistry Departments Aguascalientes Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes (ITA) Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA) Baja California Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana (ITT) Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) Baja California Sur Instituto Tecnológico de la Paz (ITP) Campeche Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (UAC) Coahuila ITESM - Campus Laguna ITESM - Campus Saltillo Instituto Tecnológico de la Laguna (ITL) Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAC) Colima Universidad de Colima (UC) Chiapas ITESM - Campus Chiapas Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UACH) Chihuahua Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV) ITESM - Campus Chihuahua Distrito Federal Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Departamento de Química Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas (ESIQIE) Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI-IPN) Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENBC) ITESM - Campus Ciudad de México Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Azcapotzalco Unidad Iztapalapa Unidad Xochimilco Universidad Iberoamericana (UI) Universidad La Salle, A.C. (ULSA) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Facultad de Química Instituto de Química 338 Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (CCH) Facultad de Medicina Universidad Simón Bolivar (USB) Universidad Tecnológica de México (UTM) Durango Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD) Universidad Juárez del Durango (UJED) Estado de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán - UNAM ITESM - Campus México ITESM - Campus Toluca Universidad Autónoma del México (UAEM) Guanajuato Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN - Unidad Irapuato (CINVESTAV-Irapuato) Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya (ITC) ITESM - Campus León Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Hidalgo ITESM - Campus Hidalgo Jalisco ITESM - Campus Guadalajara Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (UAG) Universidad de Guadalajara (UG) Michoacán Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia (ITM) Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH) Morelos ITESM - Campus Morelos Universidad Autónoma del Morelos (UAEM) Nayarit Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN) Nuevo León Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Universidad de Montemorelos (UM) Universidad de Monterrey (UM) Universidad Regiomontana, A.C. (UR) Oaxaca Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca (ITO) Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (UABJO) Puebla Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) Universidad de las Américas - Puebla (UDLA-P) Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP) 339 Querétaro ITESM - Campus Querétaro Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ) San Luis Potosí ITESM - Campus San Luis Potosí Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP) Sinaloa ITESM - Campus Mazatlán ITESM - Campus Sinaloa Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS) Sonora ITESM - Campus Guaymas ITESM - Campus Sonora Norte ITESM - Campus Obregón Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITS) Universidad de Sonora (US) Tabasco Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) Tamaulipas Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero (ITCM) Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Tamaulipas, A.C. (IEST) ITESM - Campus Tampico Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (UAT) Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UAT) Veracruz Universidad Veracruzana (UV) Yucatán Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida (ITM) Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UAY) Zacatecas ITESM - Campus Zacatecas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ) 340 Estado de Aguascalientes Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes (ITA) Público - SEP Aguascalientes Av. Tecnológico y Av. López Mateos, A.P. 263, C.P. 20000 Tel: (91-49) 15-37-56, 15-02-03 y Fax: 16-16-23 Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA) Pública - Autónoma Aguascalientes Av. Universidad No. 940, Fracc. Bosques del Prado, C.P. 20100 Tel: (91-49) 14-32-07 Centro Básico Lic. en Análisis Químico Biológicos Ing. Bioquímico Estado de Baja California Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana (ITT) Público - SEP Tijuana Calz. del Tecnológico s/n, Fracc. Tomás Aquino, C.P. 22000 Tel: (91-66) 82-14-39, 82-14-35 y Fax: 82-16-24 Unidad Tijuana Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Industrial en Química Centro de Graduados e Investigación Maestría en Ciencias en Química Doctorado en Ciencias en Química Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) Pública - Autónoma Mexicali Blvd. Benito Juárez s/n, Unidad Universitaria, C.P. 21220 Tel: (91-65) 66-07-59 Escuela de Pedagogía Profesor en Ciencias Químico Biológicas Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Maestría en Ciencias Químicas Tijuana 341 Ex-Ejido Tampico s/n, Mesa de Otay, C.P. 22350 Tel: (91-66) 82-10-33 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Químico Químico Farmacobiólogo Químico Industrial Estado de Baja California Sur Instituto Tecnológico de la Paz (ITP) Público - SEP La Paz Blvd. Forjadores de B.C. Sur Km. 3.5, A.P. 243-B, C.P. 23080 Tel: (91-112)224-24, 287-05 Fax: (91-112)232-95 Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Estado de Campeche Instituto Tecnológico de Campeche (ITC) Público - SEP Campeche Carr. Escarcega Km. 9, A.P. 347, C.P. 24500 Tel: (91-981)200-33, 200-25 Fax: (91-981)202-24 Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (UAC) Pública - Autónoma Campeche Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24030 Tel: (91-981)647-67 Fax: (91-981)109-71 Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Especialidad en Administración de la Calidad en la Industria Alimentaria Universidad Autónoma del Carmen (UADC) Pública - Autónoma Cd. del Carmen Av. García y Av. Juárez. C.P. 24180 Tel: (91-938) 211-33 y 217-77 Facultad de Química Ing. en Procesos Petroquímicos Ing. Químico en Procesos de Alimentos 342 Estado de Coahuila ITESM - Campus Laguna Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Torreón Paseo de la Primavera y de la Soledad s/n, Col. Amp. la Rosita, C.P. 27250 Tel: (91-17)20-6661 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas ITESM - Campus Saltillo Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Saltillo Prol. Juan de la Barrera 1241 Ote., Col. Cumbres, C.P. 25000 Tel: (91-84)15-0077 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de la Laguna (ITL) Público - SEP Torreón Blvd. Revolución y Calz. Cuauhtémoc, A.P. 681, C.P. 27000 Tel: (91-17)13-0783, 13-7253 Fax: (91-17)13-0970 Ing. Industrial de Química Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAC) Pública - Autónoma Saltilllo Blvd. V. Carranza y José Cárdenas Valdés, C.P. 25280 Tel: (91-84)15-5392 y 15-5752 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacobiólogo en Bromatología Químico Farmacobiólogo en Farmacia Clínica Químico Farmacobiólogo en Farmacia Industrial Químico Farmacobiólogo en Microbiología Lic. de Ciencias Químicas en Microbiología Lic. de Ciencias Químicas en Química Analítica Lic. de Ciencias Químicas en Química Orgánica Ing. Químico Maestría en Ciencia y Biotecnología de Enzimas Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros Especialización en Cerámica Torreón Blvd. Revolución y Calle 30 343 Tel: (91-17)12-7989 y 16-8256 Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Ing. Bioquímico Ing. en Alimentos Monclova Calle Morelia No. 1007, Col. Guadalupe. A.P. 189 Tel: (91-86)33-1230 y 35-1209 Escuela de Metalurgia Ing. Químico Metalurgista Estado de Colima Instituto Tecnológico de Colima (ITC) Público - SEP Villa de Álvarez Av. Tecnológico No. 1, A.P. 10 y 128, C.P. 28950 Tel: (91-331)263-93, 299-20 Fax: (91-331)406-83 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Productos Naturales Universidad de Colima (UC) Pública - Autónoma Manzanillo Carr. Manzanillo-Cihuatlán Km 20. Ejido El Naranjo, C.P. 28200 Tel: (91-333)260-51 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas Lic. en Oceanología Química Coquimatlán Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán Km. 8, C.P. 28400 Tel: (91-331)300-77 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Ing. Químico Metalúrgico Ing. Químico en Alimentos Ing. Químico Maestría en Metalurgia Tecomán C.P. 28100 Tel: (91-332)412-85 Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Maestría en Cinética y Bioquímica Rumial Estado de Chiapas 344 ITESM - Campus Chiapas Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM Tuxtla Gutiérrez Carr. a Tapanetepec-Tuxtla Km. 149+746, A.P. 312. C.P.29000 Tel: (91-961) 124-73 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Tapachula (ITT) Público - SEP Tapachula Carr. Puerto Madero-Tapachula Km. 2, A.P. 667, C.P. 30700 Tel: (91-962) 529-00 y Fax: 543-89 Ing. Químico Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez (ITTG) Público - SEP Tuxtla Gutiérrez Carr. Panamericana No. 1080, A.P. 599, C.P. 29000 Tel: (91-961) 218-99, 207-42 y Fax: 376-65 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Productos Naturales Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UACH) Pública - Autónoma Tapachula Carr. Puerto Madero Km. 1.5, C.P. 30700 Tel: (91-962) 506-96 Campus IV, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Químico Agrícola Ing. Químico Farmacobiólogo Ing. en Alimentos Estado de Chihuahua Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV) Centro de Investigación perteneciente al sistema SEP-CONACyT. Corresponde a una sociedad civil: El Gobierno Federal a través de la SEP y el CONACyT, el Gobierno del estado de Chihuahua y la iniciativa privada de Chihuahua a través de CANACINTRA. Chihuahua Información Tel: (91-14) 811-414 Maestría en Ciencia de Materiales Doctorado en Ciencia de Materiales 345 Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua (ITCH) Público - SEP Chihuahua Av. Tecnológico No. 2909, A.P. 119, C.P. 31310 Tel: (91-14)13-7474, 13-7126 Fax: (91-14)13-5187 Ingeniería Química Ingeniería de Materiales ITESM - Campus Chihuahua Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Chihuahua Av. H. Colegio Militar 2011, Col. Nombre de Dios, A.P. 728, C.P. 31110 Chihuahua, Chui. México. Tel: (14)39-5000 y Fax: (14) 39-5011 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Hidalgo del Parral (ITHP) Público - SEP Unidad Hidalgo del Parral Carr. Panamericana Km. 1364, Col. Tecnológico, A.P. 216, C.P.33850 Tel: (91-152)302-12, 303-36 Fax: (91-152)307-52 Ing. Industrial en Química Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH) Pública - Autónoma Chihuahua Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 31310 Tel: (91-14)13-7462 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Químico Agroindustrial Ing. Químico Bacteriólogo y Parasitólogo Ing. Químico Bromatólogo Químico Bromatólogo Maestría en Alimentos Maestría en Inmunología Distrito Federal Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) Público descentralizado Creado por decreto Presidencial Gustavo A. Madero Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508 Col. SaN Pedrp Zacatenco, C.P. 07360 346 Tel: (91-5)747-7000 Departamento de Bioquímica Maestría en Bioquímica Doctorado en Bioquímica Departamento de Química Maestría en Físico-Química Maestría en Química-Inorgánica Maestría en Química Orgánica Doctorado en Físico-Química Doctorado en Química-Inorgánica Doctorado en Química Orgánica Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Público - SEP Gustavo A. Madero (Zacatenco) Edif. 7,8,12 de la Unid. Prof. Adolfo López Mateos, C.P. 07738 Tel: (91-5)754-1002 Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas (ESIQIE) Ing. Metalúrgico en Metalurgia Física Ing. Metalúrgico en Metalurgia No Ferrosa Ing. Metalúrgico en Siderurgia y Fundición Ing. Químico Petrolero Ing. Químico Industrial Maestría en Ing. Metalúrgica Maestría en Ing. Química Doctorado en Metalurgia y Materiales Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI-IPN) Ingeniería en Alimentos Ingeniería Ambiental Ingeniería Farmaceutica Miguel Hidalgo Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Tel: (91-5)547-8908 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENBC) Químico Bacteriólogo y Parasitólogo Químico Farmacéutico Industrial Ing. Bioquímico Maestría en Biología Clínica en Bioquímica Maestría en Bioquímica Maestría en Química Biorgánica Doctorado en Biología Clínica en Bioquímica Doctorado en Bioquímica 347 ITESM - Campus Ciudad de México Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Tlalpan Calle del Puente No. 222, Col. Huipulco-Tlalpan, C.P. 14380 Tel: (91-5)673-1000, 723-2000 Fax: (91-5)673-2500 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Pública - Autónoma Unidad Azcapotzalco Av. San Pablo No. 180 Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, C.P. 02200 Tel: (91-5)338-2500 División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Ing. Químico Unidad Iztapalapa Av. Michoacán y la Purísima, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Tel: (91-5)668-6032 División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Lic. en Química Ing. Químico en Desarrollo y Diseño de Procesos Maestría en Física: Físico-Química de Fluidos Maestría en Ing. Química Maestría en Química: Catálisis Maestría en Química: Físico-Química de Superficies Maestría en Química: Química Cuántica Maestría en Química: Química Inorgánica Maestría en Química: Termodinámica de Fluidos Doctorado en Ciencias: Química División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Ing. Bioquímico Industrial Unidad Xochimilco Calzada del Hueso No. 1100 Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960 Tel: (91-5)559-4783 Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea (UEFA) 348 Pública - Secretaría de la defensa Nacional Miguel Hidalgo Calz. México-Tacuba y Felipe Carrillo Puerto Col. Popotla Tel: (91-5)396-3943 Escuela Militar de Ingenieros Ing. Industrial en Química Universidad Iberoamericana (UI) Privada - Reconocimiento por decreto Presidencial Alvaro Obregón Prolong. Paseo de la Reforma No. 880 Col. Lomas de Santa Fé, C.P. 01210 Tel: 726-9048 Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas Especialidad en Electroquímica Ingeniería Química Maestría en Ingeniería Química Maestría en Ingeniería de Calidad Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería Química Universidad La Salle, A.C. (ULSA) Privada - Incorporación a la UNAM y Reconocimiento de la SEP Miguel Hidalgo Benjamin Franklin No. 47 Col. Hipódromo Condesa, C.P. 06140 Tel: (91-5)516-9960 al 69 Escuela de Química Químico Farmacobiólogo en Tecnología de Alimentos Lic. en Química Ing. Químico Universidad Motolinia, A. C. (UM) Privada - Incorporación a la UNAM y Reconocimiento de la SEP Benito Juárez Cerrada de Ameyalco No. 227 Col. del Valle, C.P. 03100 Tel: (91-5)523-4813 Escuela de Química Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Pública - Autónoma Coyoacán Circuito Facultades Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 04510 349 Tel: (91-5)548-7898 y 622-3690 Fax: (91-5)616-2010 Facultad de Química Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Químico Ing. Químico Ing. Químico Metalúrgico Químico en Alimentos Especialidad en Administración Industrial Especialidad en Bioquímica Clínica Especialidad en Biotecnología Maestría en Administración Industrial Maestría en Biotecnología Maestría en Ciencia de Alimentos: Ing. en Alimentos Maestría en Ciencia de Alimentos: Química de Alimentos Maestría en Ciencias Nucleares: Materiales Nucleares Maestría en Ciencias Nucleares: Reactores Nucleares Maestría en Ciencias Nucleares: Química Nuclear Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Bioquímica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Farmacia-Química Farmacéutica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Físico-Química Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Gestión de Tecnología Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Analítica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Inorgánica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Orgánica Maestría en Farmacia: Biofarmacia Maestría en Farmacia: Control de Medicamentos Maestría en Ing. Química de Procesos Maestría en Ing. Química de Proyectos Maestría en Metalurgia Maestría en Química Inorgánica: Cerámica Doctorado en Biotecnologia Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Alimentos Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Farmacia Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Bioquímica Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Físico-Química Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Ing. Química Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Analítica Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Inorgánica Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas: Orgánica Instituto de Química Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (CCH) Maestría en Ciencias del Mar en Oceanografía Química Doctorado en Ciencias del Mar en Oceanografía Química 350 Facultad de Medicina Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas: Bioquímica Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas: Bioquímica Iztapalapa J. C. Bonilla No. 66 Col. Ejército de Oriente, C.P. 09230 Tel: (91-5)765-1095 Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Profesionales Zaragoza Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Ing. Químico Universidad Simón Bolivar (USB) Privada - Incorporación a la UNAM y Reconocimiento de la SEP Benito Juárez Av. Río Mixcoac No. 48 Col. Insurgentes Mixcoac, C.P. 03920 Tel: (91-5)598-1108 y 598-1290 Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Universidad Tecnológica de México (UTM) Privada - Reconocimiento de la SEP Miguel Hidalgo Av. Marina Nacional No. 162 Col. Anáhuac, C.P. 11320 Tel: (91-5)399-2000 Ext. 123 Facultad de Ingeniería Ing. Químico Universidad del Valle de México(UVM) Privada - Incorporación a la UNAM y Reconocimiento de la SEP Cuauhtémoc Sadi Carnot No. 57 Col. San Rafael, C.P. 06470 Tel: (91-5)535-9395 Plantel San Rafael Ing. Industrial Químico Alvaro Obregón San Juan de Dios No. 6 Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, C.P. 14380 Tel: (91-5)671-1400 Plantel Tlalpan Ing. Industrial Químico 351 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Químico Bacteriólogo y Parasitólogo Químico Farmacéutico Industrial Ing. Bioquímico Maestría en Biología Clínica en Bioquímica Maestría en Bioquímica Maestría en Química Biorgánica Doctorado en Biología Clínica en Bioquímica Doctorado en Bioquímica Estado de Durango Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (ITD) Público - SEP Durango Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., A.P. 465, C.P. 34080 Tel: (91-181) 856-46, 855-86 y Fax: 848-13 Ing. Bioquímica Ing. Química Maestría en Ing. Química Maestría en Ing. Bioquímica Doctorado en Ing. Bioquímica Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED) Pública - Autónoma Durango Constitución No. 404 Sur, C.P. 34000 Tel: (91-181) 2-01-44 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Agroquímico Lic. en Ciencias de los Materiales Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Estado de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán - UNAM Pública - Desconcentrada de la UNAM Cuautitlán Izcalli Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, C.P. 54714 Tel: (91-5)872-3012 y 872-0984 Químico Farmacobiólogo Químico Ing. Químico Coordinación General de Estudios de Posgrado Av. Quetzalcóatl s/n, Campo I, C.P. 54700 352 Tel. y Fax: (91-5)873-0834 Maestría en Físico-Química en Métodos y Metrología ITESM - Campus Estado de México Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Cd. Satélite Carr. Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Col. Atizapán de Zaragoza, C.P. 52500 Tel: (91-5)370-4099 y 370-4100 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas ITESM - Campus Toluca Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Toluca 100 mts. al Norte de Sn. Antonio Buenavista, A.P. 1101, C.P. 50000 Tel: (91-72)12-4058 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca (ITT) Público - SEP Metepec Av. Tecnológico s/n, Carr. A Metepec, Ex-Rancho la Virgen, C.P. 50000 Tel: (91-72)16-0324, 16-0344 Fax: (91-72)11-0152 Ing. Químico Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec (TESE) Público Libre - Descentralizado del Gob. del Edo. de México Ecatepec de Morelos Av. Valle del Mayo s/n Esq. Carlos Hank Glez, Carr., C.P. 55210 Tel: (91-5)710-4560 Fax: (91-5)783-8235 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM) Pública - Autónoma Toluca Av. Instituto Literario No. 100 Ote., C.P. 50000 Tel: (91-72)15-5288 Facultad de Química Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Químico Ing. Químico Químico en Alimentos 353 Maestría en Educación Química Universidad del Valle de México - Plantel Lomas (UVM) Privada - Desconcentrada de la Univ. del Valle de México del Distrito Federal Naucalpan de Juárez Av. de Las Aves No. 1, Sección Lomas Verdes, C.P. 53220 Tel: (91-5)343-3745 Ing. Industrial Químico Estado de Guanajuato Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN - Unidad Irapuato (CINVESTAV-U. IRAPUATO) Público Descentralizado Creado por Decreto Presidencial Irapuato Apartado Postal 629, C.P. 36500 Irapuato Gto. Tel: (91-462)516-00 Fax: (91-462)512-82 Maestría en Biotecnología de Plantas: Bioquímica Doctorado en Biotecnología de Plantas: Bioquímica Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya (ITC) Público - SEP Celaya Av. Tecnológico y Antonio García, A.P. 57, C.P. 38000 Tel: (91-461)220-23, 393-12 Fax: (91-461)392-30 Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Bioquímico en Productos Naturales Ing. Industrial en Química Maestría en Ing. Química Doctorado en Ing. Química ITESM - Campus León Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. León Av. Eugenio Garza Sada S/N, Col. Cerro Gordo, A.P. No. 872, C.P. 37000 Tel: (91-47)17-1080 Fax: (91-47)17-7932 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Pública - Estatal Guanajuato Col. Noria Alta s/n 354 Tel: (91-473)220-34, 242-50 Facultad de Química Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Químico Ing. Químico Maestría en Biología Experimental Doctorado en Biología Experimental Doctorado en Ciencias (Química) Estado de Guerrero Instituto Tecnológico de Acapulco (ITA) Público - SEP Acapulco Calz. Tecnológico s/n, A.P. 600 y 606, C.P. 39300 Tel: (91-74)87-0283, 87-39-63 Fax: (91-74)87-14-36 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAG) Pública - Autónoma Chilpancingo Av. Abasolo No. 33, C.P. 39020 Tel: (91-747)260-29, 222-58 y 225-36 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas Químico Biólogo Parasitólogo Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas 17 de Febrero Esq. 30 de Agosto, Col. Benito Juárez, C.P. 39000 Tel: (91-747)222-58 Especialidad en Química Clínica Estado de Hidalgo ITESM - Campus Hidalgo Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Pachuca Blvd. Felipe Ángeles al lado de la U. Deportiva, A.P. 337, C.P. 42090 Tel: (91-771)368-77 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca (ITP) Público - SEP Pachuca 355 Carr. México-Pachuca Km. 87, Col. Venta Prieta, A.P. 276, C.P. 42080 Tel: (91-771)368-66, 330-73 Fax: (91-771)358-99 Ing. Químico en Procesos Universidad Autónoma de Hidalgo (UAH) Pública - Autónoma Pachuca Abasolo s/n, C.P. 42000 Tel: (91-771)510-67 Instituto de Ciencias Exactas Químico Estado de Jalisco ITESM - Campus Guadalajara Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Zapopan Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No. 2514, C.P. 45140 Tel: (91-36)69-3020 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) Privado - Reconocimiento de la SEP Guadalajara Periférico Sur No. 8585, Campus Universitario Tel: (91-3)669-3510 División de Ingeniería Ing. Químico Administrador Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (UAG) Privada - Reconocimiento de la SEP Guadalajara Av. Patria No. 1201, Col. Lomas del Valle, 3ar Secc., C.P. 44100 Tel: (91-3)641-7051 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacobiólogo Ing. Químico Dirección General de Estudios de Posgrado Maestría en Química: Físico-Química Maestría en Química: Química Analítica Maestría en Química: Química Inorgánica Maestría en Química: Química Macromolecular Maestría en Química: Química Orgánica Doctorado en Química: Físico-Química 356 Doctorado en Química: Química Analítica Doctorado en Química: Química Inorgánica Doctorado en Química: Química Macromolecular Doctorado en Química: Química Orgánica Universidad de Guadalajara (UG) Pública - Estatal Guadalajara Av. Juárez No. 975, Esq. Enrique Díaz de León, C.P. 41100 Tel: (91-36)26-3989 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacobiólogo Químico Ing. Químico Escuela de Graduados Liceo y Juan Álvarez 3er. Piso, C.P. 44280 Tel: (91-36)13-0260 Ext. 132 A 137 Maestría en Ciencias en Ing. Química Estado de Michoacán Instituto Tecnológico de Jiquilpan (ITJ) Público - SEP Jiquilpan Carr. Nacional Km. 202, Parque Lázaro Cárdenas, A.P. 35, C.P. 59510 Tel: (91-353)303-27 Fax: (91-353)311-26 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Industrial Químico Instituto Tecnológico de Lázaro Cárdenas (ITLC) Público - SEP Cd. Lázaro Cárdenas Av. Melchor Ocampo Esq. Narciso Bassols s/n, A.P. 228, C.P. 60950 Tel y Fax: (91-753)210-40 Ing. Químico Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia (ITM) Público - SEP Morelia Av. Tecnológico No. 1500, Col. Lomas de Santiaguito, A.P. 262, C.P. 58120 Tel: (91-451)235-16, 215-53 Fax: (91-451)216-43 Ing. Bioquímico Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH) 357 Pública - Autónoma Morelia Edif. "TR" 3er. Piso, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 58030 Tel: (91-451)674-38 Escuela de Ingeniería Química Ing. Químico Escuela de Químico Farmacobiología Químico Farmacobiólogo: Bioquímico Clínico Químico Farmacobiólogo: Farmacia Químico Farmacobiólogo: Microbiología Estado de Morelos ITESM - Campus Morelos Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Cuernavaca Av. Reforma No. 182-A, Col. Lomas de Cuernavaca, A.P. C-99, C.P. 62050 Tel: (91-73) 10-07-22 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Zacatepec (ITZ) Público - SEP Zacatepec Calz. Tecnológico No. 27, A.P. 45, C.P. 62780 Tel: (91-734) 321-11, 307-23 y Fax: 321-10 Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM) Pública - Autónoma Cuernavaca Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Tel: (91-73) 11-22-88 Ext. 147 y 161 Facultad de Ciencias Tel: (91-73) 11-22-88 Ext. 245 Lic. en Ciencias (Química) Lic. en Ciencias (Bioquímica) Maestría en Química Orgánica Maestría en Química Teórica Maestría en Fisocoquímica Doctorado en Química Orgánica Doctorado en Química Teórica Doctorado en Fisocoquímica 358 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingenierías Ing. Químico Químico Industrial Maestría en Ing. Química en Sistemas Maestría en Química Orgánica en Productos Naturales Estado de Nayarit Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic (ITT) Público - SEP Tepic Carr. Tepic-Guadalajara Km. 1.5, A.P. 343, C.P. 63000 Tel: (91-321) 315-43 y Fax: 318-91 Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN) Pública - Autónoma Tepic Torre de Rectoría, 3er. Piso, Col. Cd de la Cultura "Amado Nervo", C.P. 63190 Tel: (91-321) 338-39 y 313-20 Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química Industrial Ing. Químico Industrial Estado de Nuevo León Escuela de Graduados de la Normal Superior del Estado de Nuevo León (EGNSENL) Pública - Estatal Monterrey Guillermo Prieto No. 828 Oriente, C.P. 64000 Tel: (91-83) 45-30-91 y Fax: 42-82-43 Escuela de Graduados Maestría en Educación Media: Física y Química Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) Privado Libre - Creado por Decreto Presidencial y Reconocimiento de la SEP Monterrey Av. Eugenio Garza Sada No. 2501, Col. Tecnológico, C.P. 64849 Tel: (91-83) 58-20-00 División de Graduados e Investigación Lic. en Ciencias Químicas Maestría en Ing. Química: Sistemas de Procesos Maestría en Química: Físico-Química Maestría en Química: Química Orgánica Doctorado en Química Orgánica 359 División de Agronomía y Tecnología de Alimentos Ing. Bioquímico Administrador en Explotación de Recursos Acuáticos Ing. Bioquímico Administrador en Procesado de Alimentos Ing. Bioquímico División de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Pública - Autónoma San Nicolás de los Garza Cd. Universitaria, Torre de Rectoría 8o. Piso, C.P. 66450 Tel: (91-83) 76-41-40, 52-28-85 y Fax: 76-77-57 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Tel: (91-83) 52-42-45 Químico Bacteriólogo Parasitólogo Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas: Química de Productos Naturales Facultad de Medicina Químico Clínico Biólogo Maestría en Ciencias: Bioquímica Maestría en Ciencias: Química Analítica Biomédica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Ing. Industrial Administrador Ing. Químico Lic. en Química Industrial Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Orgánica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Inorgánica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Analítica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Físico-Química Maestría en Ciencias: Ing. Química Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros Doctorado en Ciencias: Química Universidad de Montemorelos (UM) Privada - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Nuevo León Montemorelos Libertad No. 1300, A.P. 16-J, C.P. 67530 Tel: (91-826) 335-36 y 320-10 Escuela de Químicos Clínicos Biólogos Químico Clínico Biólogo 360 Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Lic. en Ciencias de la Educación: Ciencias Químico Biológicas Universidad de Monterrey (UM) Privada - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Nuevo León San Pedro Garza García Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto No. 4500 Pte., C.P. 66238 Tel: (91-83) 38-50-50 y Fax: 38-56-19 División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Lic. en Química: Análisis Clínicos Lic. en Química: Industrial Ing. Químico Ing. Químico Administrador Universidad Regiomontana, A.C. (UR) Privada - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Nuevo León Monterrey Matamoros No. 420 Pte., Col. Centro, C.P. 64000 Tel: (91-83) 43-07-22, 42-77-52 y Fax: 40-04-02 Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (FACIYA) Ingeniero Químico Administrador Ingeniero Químico Ambiental Estado de Oaxaca Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca (ITO) Público - SEP Oaxaca Calzada del Tecnológico y Wilfrido Massieu, C.P. 68030 Tel: (91-951) 617-22, 644-13 y Fax: 619-54 Ing. Químico Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec (ITT) Público - SEP Tuxtepec Av. Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja, Col. 5 de Mayo, A.P. 69, C.P. 68300 Tel: (91-287) 510-44, 518-80 y Fax: 531-44 Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca (UABJO) Pública - Autónoma Oaxaca Cd. Universitaria, Ex-Hacienda Cinco Señores, A.P. 76, C.P. 68120 Tel: (91-951) 530-58 y 659-79 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacobiólogo 361 Químico Biólogo Universidad Regional del Sureste (URS) Privada Libre - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Oaxaca Oaxaca Prol. 20 de Noviembre, Col. Miguel Alemán, A.P. 483, C.P. 68120 Tel: (91-951) 683-83 y 686-22 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Químico Biólogo Parasitólogo Estado de Puebla Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) Pública - Autónoma Puebla Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Tel: (91-22) 45-81-81 Ext. 133 Químico Farmacobiólogo Químico Industrial Escuela de Ingeniería Química Tel: (91-22) 45-81-81 Ext. 105 Ing. Químico Instituto de Ciencias Maestría en Química Orgánica Maestría en Fisicoquímica Maestría en Química Inorgánica Doctorado en Química Orgánica Instituto Tecnológico de Tehuacán (ITT) Público - SEP Tehuacán Carr.Tehuacán-Huajuapan de León Km. 3, A.P. 247, C.P. 75700 Tel: (91-238) 205-63 y Fax: 239-51 Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Universidad de las Américas - Puebla (UDLA-P) Privada - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Puebla Cholula Domicilio Conocido, Col. Santa Catarina Mártir, A.P. 100, C.P. 72820 Tel: (91-22) 47-00-00 y 47-31-11 Escuela de Ingeniería Ing. Químico Industrial 362 Escuela de Ciencias Lic. en Química Químico Farmacobiólogo Escuela de Graduados Maestría en Ciencias: Ing. Química Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP) Privada - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Puebla Puebla 21 Sur No. 1103, Col. Santiago, C.P. 72160 Tel: (91-22) 32-75-19 y 32-21-38 División Tecnológica Ing. Químico Estado de Querétaro ITESM - Campus Querétaro Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Querétaro Henry Ford, Col. Parques Industriales, A.P. 37, C.P. 76130 Tel: (91-42) 17-38-28 Ing. Bioquímico Administrador de Rec. Acuáticos Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Ing. Bioquímico Administrador de Proc. de Alimentos Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ) Pública - Autónoma Querétaro Centro Universitario s/n, Cerro de las Campanas, A.P. 184, C.P. 76010 Tel: (91-42) 16-32-42 Al 45 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Agrícola Químico Biólogo Químico Metalúrgico Químico en Alimentos Doctorado en Ciencias: Toxicología de Alimentos Estado de San Luis Potosí ITESM - Campus San Luis Potosí Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. San Luis Potosí Av. Robles Fracc. Jacarandas, A.P. 1473 Suc.J, C.P. 78140 Tel: (91-48) 13-37-79 363 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP) Pública - Autónoma San Luis Potosí Álvaro Obregón No. 64, C.P. 78000 Tel: (91-48) 12-34-61 Ext. 129 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Av. Dr. Manuel Nava #6 Químico Farmacobiólogo Químico Ing. Químico Ing. en Alimentos Maestría en Ciencias: Ing. Química Maestría en Ciencias: Físico-Química de Alimentos Maestría en Ciencias: Procesos Alimentarios Cd. Valles Calle Romualdo del Campo s/n, Col. Las Águilas, A.P. 163 Tel: (91-138) 236-44 Escuela Regional de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca Bioquímico Estado de Sinaloa Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán (ITC) Público - SEP Culiacán Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz y Ramón Corral, Colonia Guadalupe, A.P. 1273, C.P. 80220 Tel: (91-67) 13-38-04, 13-03-53 y Fax: 13-17-96 Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos ITESM - Campus Mazatlán Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM Mazatlán Carr. Mazatlán-Higueras Km. 3, A.P. 799, C.P. 82000 Tel: (91-69) 80-11-40, 80-18-99 y Fax: 80-11-95 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas ITESM - Campus Sinaloa Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM Culiacán Blvd. Niños Héroes, A.P. 69-F Tel: (91-671) 404-53 364 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Los Mochis (ITM) Público - SEP Los Mochis Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n, A.P. 766, C.P. 81200 Tel: (91-681) 258-58, 259-59 y Fax: 503-26 Ing. Industrial en Química Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS) Pública - Autónoma Culiacán Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Ángel Flores s/n Pte, C.P. 80000 Tel: (91-671) 565-20, 393-91 Fax: 565-10 Químico Farmacobiólogo Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Químico Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Platón No. 856,Fracc. Villa Universidad, C.P. 80010 Tel: (91-671) 386-86 Especialidad en Bioquímica Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnología de Alimentos Estado de Sonora ITESM - Campus Guaymas Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Guaymas Bahía de Bacochibampo s/n A.P. 484, C.P. 85450 Tel: (91-622) 85-450 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico Administrador de Rec. Acuáticos Ing. Bioquímico Administrador en Proc. de Alimentos ITESM - Campus Sonora Norte Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Hermosillo Carretera a Nogales Km. 9, A.P. 216, C.P. 83000 Tel: (91-62) 15-52-05 Ing. Químico Administrador 365 Ing. Químico y de Sistemas ITESM - Campus Obregón Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Cd. Obregón Dr. Norman Bourlaug Km. 14, A.P. 662, C.P. 85000 Tel: (91-641) 503-12 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITS) Público - Autónomo Unidad Ciudad Obregón 5 de Febrero No. 818, Col. Centro, A.P. 541, C.P. 85000 Tel: (91-641) 705-55 y 706-16 Químico Ing. Químico Unidad Navojoa Martín Corona s/n, Col. Itson, C.P. 85860 Tel: (91-642) 259-34 Ing. Químico Unidad Guaymas Carr. al Aeropuerto Km. 3, A.P. 870, C.P. 85400 Tel: (91-622) 271-32 Químico Universidad de Sonora (US) Pública - Autónoma Unidad Centro (Hermosillo) Blvd. Transversal y Rosales, Planta Alta, C.P. 83000 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Tel: (91-62) 17-35-48 Ing. Industrial Administrador Ing. Industrial y de Sistemas Ing. Químico: Metalurgía Ing. Químico: Procesos Ing. Químico: Tecnología de Alimentos Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Tel: (91-62) 13-31-70 Químico Biólogo en Análisis Clínicos Químico Biólogo en Tecnología de Alimentos Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia 366 Tel: (91-62) 331-33 Maestría en Metalurgía Extractiva No Ferrosa: Hidrometalurgia Maestría en Metalurgía Extractiva No Ferrosa: Pirometalurgia Maestría en Metalurgía Extractiva No Ferrosa: Procesamiento de Minerales Unidad Norte (Caborca) Av. Universidad e Irigoyén, Col. Ortiz, A.P. 234, C.P. 83600 Tel: (91-637) 222-82 y 229-88 Ing. Químico Químico Biólogo Unidad Sur (Navojoa) Lázaro Cárdenas, C.P. 85800 Tel: (91-642) 247-04 Ing. Químico Químico Biólogo Nacozari Domicilio Conocido Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia Maestría en Metalurgia Extractiva Estado de Tabasco Instituto Tecnológico de Villahermosa (ITV) Público - SEP Villahermosa Carr. a Frontera Km. 3, Col. Cd. Industrial, A.P. 424, C.P. 86000 Tel: (91-931) 248-65 y Fax: 203-29 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Industrial Químico Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) Pública - Autónoma Cunduacán Carr. Cunduacán-Jalpa Km. 1 Tel: (91-933) 603-00 División de Ingeniería y Tecnología Ing. Químico División de Ciencias Básicas Lic. en Química - Estado de Tamaulipas 367 Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero (ITCM) Público - SEP Cd. Madero 1o. de Mayo y Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, A.P. 20, C.P. 84440 Tel: (91-121) 563-39, 581-28 y Fax: 560-51 Ing. Químico Centro de Graduados e Investigación Tel: (91-12) 15-21-53 y 15-63-39 Maestria en Tecnología del Petróleo y Petroquímica Doctorado en Tecnología del Petróleo y Petroquímica ITESM - Campus Tampico Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Tampico Av. Hidalgo No. 3705 Desp. 202, Col. Guadalupe, C.P. 89120 Tel: (91-12) 13-37-44 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Tamaulipas, A.C. (IEST) Privado - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Tamaulipas Altamira Blvd. Divisorio Tampico-Altamirana s/n Pte. Tel: (91-12) 28-00-33 y Fax: 28-01-68 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Instituto Tecnológico de Matamoros (ITM) Público - SEP H. Matamoros Carr. Lauro del Villar Km. 6, A.P. 339, C.P. 87490 Tel: (91-891) 391-25 y Fax: 678-67 Ing. Químico Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (UAT) Pública - Autónoma Cd. Victoria Calle 8 y Matamoros, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 87000 Tel: (91-131) 243-99 Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Lic. en Ciencias de la Educación: Ciencias Químico Biológicas 368 Reynosa Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala s/n, Col. Aztlán Tel: (91-892) 306-22, 322-51 y Fax: 449-36 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Industrial Administrador Ing. Químico Químico Industrial Universidad del Noreste (UN) Privada - Reconocimiento del Gob. del Edo. de Tamaulipas Tampico Prolong. Av. Hidalgo Km. 137, A.P. 489, C.P. 89000 Tel: (91-12) 28-11-56 y 28-11-82 Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Químico Industrial Estado de Tlaxcala Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco (ITA) Público - SEP Apizaco Calz. Tecnológico s/n, A.P. 19, C.P. 90300 Tel: (91-241) 727-38, 759-55 y Fax: 728-66 Bioquímico Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UAT) Pública - Autónoma Apizaco Calzada Apizaquito s/n, Apdo. Postal #140 Tel: (91-241) 725-44, Fax: (91-241) 758-44 Depto. de Ingeniería y Tecnología Ing. Químico Químico Industrial Estado de Veracruz Instituto Tecnológico de Minatitlán (ITM) Público - SEP Minatitlán Boulevard Institutos Tecnológicos s/n, Col. Buena vista norte, 96848 Minatitlán, Ver. Tel: Conmutador: 24339, 24345 Lab. de Investigación: 26080 Gestión Tecnológica: 24317 369 Fax: (922) 24336 e-mail:[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ing. Químico Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba (ITO) Público - SEP Orizaba Prolong. Oriente 9 No. 852, Col. Emiliano Zapata, A.P. 324, C.P. 94320 Tel: (91-272) 517-28, 440-96 y Fax: 434-53 Ing. Químico Centro de Graduados e Investigación Tel: (91-272) 440-16 ext. 44 y Fax: 517-28 Maestría en Ing. Química en Contaminación Ambiental Maestría en Ing. Química en Procesos Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz (ITV) Público - SEP Veracruz Calz. Circunvalación Norte e Icazo No. 9180, A.P. 539, C.P. 91880 Tel: (91-29) 34-12-70, 34-15-00 y Fax: 34-22-79 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Industrial en Química Universidad Veracruzana (UV) Pública - Estatal Zona Xalapa Zona Universitaria, Edif. A 3er.Piso, Lomas del Estadio, C.P. 91090 Tel: (91-281) 734-27, 839-74 y Fax: 725-10 Facultad de Ingeniería Química La Pérgola s/n, Zona Universitaria Tel: (91-28) 18-87-55 Ing. Químico Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica La Pérgola s/n, Zona Universitaria Tel: (91-28) 18-87-55 Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Facultad de Bioanálisis Lic. en Química Clínica Zona Veracruz 370 Av. Framboyanes Esq. Jesús Reyes Heroles, Fracc. Costa Verde Tel: (91-29) 37-13-22 y 37-14-41 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Químico Facultad de Bioanálisis Lic. en Química Clínica Zona Córdoba - Orizaba Poniente 7 No. 1383 Tel: (91-272) 5-45-96 y 594-17 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Agroquímico Químico Agrícola Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Ing. Químico Químico Industrial Especialidad en Horticultura Comercial Facultad de Ingeniería Química Tel: 17-66-33 Especialidad en Control de Calidad Zona Poza Rica - Tuxpan Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortinez s/n, Col. Obra Social Tel: (91-782) 256-63 y 296-11 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Químico Zona Coatzacoalcos - Minatitlán Av. Universidad Veracruzana Km. 7.5 C.P. 96538 Tel/Fax: (91-921) 858-31 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Ing. Químico Estado de Yucatán Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida (ITM) Público - SEP Unidad Mérida Antigua Carr. Mérida-Progreso Km. 5.5, A.P. 9-11 Chuburna, C.P. 97118 Tel: (91-99) 44-8113, 44-8122 y Fax: 44-8181 Ing. Bioquímico Ing. Bioquímico en Alimentos Ing. Químico 371 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UAY) Pública - Autónoma Mérida Calle 60 X 57, Edificio Central, C.P. 97000 Tel: (91-99) 24-80-00 Ext. 160 Escuela de Química Químico Biólogo Agropecuario Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Químico Biólogo Bromatólogo Facultad de Ingeniería Química Ing. Químico Industrial Químico Industrial Especialidad en Gestión de Tecnología Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnología de Alimentos Facultad de Química Calle 41 X 14 s/n, Ex-Terrenos El Fénix Tel: 27-57-12 y 27-48-42 Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Analítica Maestría en Ciencias Químicas: Orgánica Estado de Zacatecas ITESM - Campus Zacatecas Privado Libre - Desconcentrado del ITESM. Zacatecas Calz. Pedro Coronel Esq. Av. México, Mpio. de Guadalupe, A.P. 95, C.P. 98600 Tel: (91-492) 300-44 Ing. Químico Administrador Ing. Químico y de Sistemas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ) Pública - Autónoma Zacatecas Jardín Juárez s/n, C.P. 98000 Tel: (91-492) 229-24 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo Ing. Químico 372 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies - Mexico Mexican Association of Analytical Chemistry (Asociación Mexicana de Química Analitica A.C. (AMQA)) (20.x.1997: www.relaq.mx) Prolongación 16 de Septiembre Nº 203 Colonia Diligencias Querétaro. Querétaro 76020 Apartado postal Nº 2-27 Querétaro. Querétaro 76020 Telephone/fax: 52. 42. 151705 / 52. 42. 230397 / 52. 42. 233435 Web site: http://www.relaq.mx/RLQ/mexico/amqa Membership: ~500 President: Gustavo Pedraza Aboytes Secretary: Alfonzo Pérez Buenrostro Mexican Association of Clinical Biochemists (Asociacion Mexicana de Bioquimicos Clinicos (AMBC)) (20.10.1997: www.relaq.mx) Torres Adalid #508 Colonia del Valle 03100 Mexico D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 523 2256 / Fax: 52. 5. 523 2919 Mexican Association of Inorganic Chemistry (Asociación Mexicana de Química Inorgánica (AMQI)) (20.x.1997: www.relaq.mx) Contact: Dr. Guillermo Mendoza-Diaz Facultad de Química Universidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta s/n Guanajuato. Guanajuato 36050 Fax: 52. 473. 24250 Mexican Biochemical Society (Sociedad Mexicana de Bioquímica) (15.vii.1997 : iubmb www) President: Dr. Alfonso Carabez Secretary: Dr. Edmundo Chavez Departimento de Histologia Facultad de Mexicana / UNAM Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 04510 Mexico D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 623 2360 Fax: 52. 5. 623 2399 Mexican Chemical Society (Sociedad Química de México) (16. 02.1999: soc. fax / www.relaq.mx) 373 Mar del Norte No 5 Col. San Alvaro Delegacion Azcapotzalco C. P. 02090 México D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 386 29 05 Fax: 52. 5. 386 02 55 E-mail: Web site: http://www.relaq.mx/RLQ/mexico/sociedades_mexico President: Jaime NORIEGA Secretary. QFB Maria del Consuelo Garcia Manrique Established 1956 (2300) Journals: Revista de la SQM (bim) Mexican Electrochemical Society (Sociedad Mexicana de Electroquímica) (20.x.1997: www.relaq.mx) Universidad Iberoamericana Departamento de Ingeniero y Ciencias Quimicas Prol. paseo Reforma 880 01210 México D.F. President (1996-98): Dr. Jorge G. Ibáñez [contact] Universidad Iberoamericana Telephone: 52. 5. 723 1174 Fax: 52. 5. 292 2258 Secretary (1996-98): Mtro. Rubén Vásquez Universidad Iberoamericana Telephone: 52. 5. 723 1174 / Fax: 52. 5. 292 2258 Mexican Institute of Chemical Engineers (Instituto Mexicano de Ingenieros Quimicos A.C. (IMIQ)) (20.x.1997: www.relaq.mx) Horacio #124 Col. Polanco Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo 560 Mexico D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 250 4844 / 250 4857 Fax: 52. 5. 545 5817 Mexican Materials Research Society (15.vii.1997 : iumrs www) President: Dr. Lorenzo Martinez (E-mail: [email protected]) Contact: Dr. M. J. Yacaman Instituto de Fisica UNAM Apartado Postal 20-364 Deleg. Alvaro Obregon 01000 Mexico D.F. 374 Telephone: 52. 5. 327 7550 / Fax: 52. 5. 327 7661 Mexican Pharmaceutical Association (Asociación Farmaceútica Mexicana) (17.x.1997: www.spin.com.mx) Established 1966 Adolfo Prieto 1649, N° 601 Colonia del Valle 03100 Mexico D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 524 5685 / 524 0993 / 524 5397 Fax: 52. 5. 534 5098 / 524 3411 Web site: http://spn.com.mx/~cmontoye/afm.html Director General: QFB José Manuel Cárdenas President: M en C Helgi Jung Mexican Society of Thermodynamics (Sociedad Mexican de Termodinamica A.C. (SMT)) (20.x.1997:www.relaq.mx) Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo Gerencia de Investigacion Aplicada de Procesos Eje Central #152 07730 Mexico D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 368 5911 ext. 20102 Fax: 52. 5. 567 2716 Membership: 92 President: M.C. Florentino Murrieta Guevara Instituto Mexicana del Petroleo Gerencia de Investigacion Aplicada en Procesos Telephone: 52. 5. 368 5911 ext 20102 Fax: 52. 5. 567 2716 E-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Ricardo Páez Hernandez Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Unidad Azcapotzalco Departimento de Termofisica Telephone: 52. 5. 724 4216 National Association of Industrial Chemistry (Asociación Nacional de la Industria Quimica, A. C. (ANIQ)) (20.x.1997: www.relaq.mx) Providencia #1118 Colonia del Valle 03100 Mexico D.F. Telephone: 52. 5. 230 5100 Fax: 52. 5. 230 5107 / 230 5108 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Web site: http://www.aniq.mx 375 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Mexico (Source: World of Learning, 1996) Academia Mexicana de Ciencias Av. San Jerónimo # 260 Colonia Jardines del Pedregal 04500 México, D.F. México. Teléfonos: 550 3906, 550 7133, 550 4000 Fax: 550 1143, 550 0389 E-mail: [email protected] WWW : http://www.unam.mx/academia The Academy was founded in 1959 to foster scientific research in Mexico. In 1999 it had a membership of 1241 with 155 chemists. Over 80% of the membership appertain to the National System of Researchers in Mexico. The Academy presidency is held Dr. Francisco Bolivar Zapata. Each year the Academy recoginzes through 15 awards programs exceptional scientific contributions and organizes through its sections each year 7 to 8 meetings. There is also an national evaluation regime of doctoral programs. Consejo Consultivo de Ciencias de la Presidencia de la República Calle San Francisco # 1626 - 305 Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez Conmutador: 723-6600 Exts. 4840, 4841 y 4842 Teléfonos: 723-6682 y 534-7804 Fax: 723-6684 y 534-4895 [email protected] Fundación México-Estados Unidos para la Ciencia The United States-Mexico Foundation for Science Sn Francisco 1626 2.piso 205 Col del Valle, C.P. 03100 Del. Benito Juárez México D.F. Tel: 5524 5150 Fax: 5524 0140 Website: www.fumec.org.mx In early 1993, $2,000,000 were obtained from the US Government through the Agency for International Development (AID) and were matched by the Mexican Government. (An additional $150,000 were obtained from AID in 1994). In its initial stage the Foundation received support from the National Academy of Sciences to organize its activities and to set up adequate links with the United States Government agencies. 376 Since then, several programs have been carried out to promote cooperation in science and technology between both countries: Binational Research Projects, Summer Fellowships, Visiting Senior Scientists and Graduate Fellowships. Since October 1996, the Foundation has been exploring new forms of operation, focusing on specific issues financed by sponsoring entities: Water in Health and the Environment at the Border, with EPA financing: Activities with the Hewlett Foundation to support the training of specialists in Science and Technology Policy; Workshops on Advanced Research Techniques, also supported by the Hewlett Foundation; Exchanges between universities of the United States and Mexico to promote linkages with small and medium size industries, undertaken with financing from SEP 377 Chemically Related Research – Mexico (Sources: US Dept of Commerce, 2000; World of Learning, 1998) Highlights ♦ Mexico has increased R&D expenditures 45% over the last six years. ♦ In 1999 Mexico spent .309% of its GDP or about US$2 billion yearly on R&D. ♦ Most scientific and technology centers are concentrated in/around Mexico City. ♦ Mexico’s laregest science project is its large millimeter telescope project scheduled to be fully operational in 2002. ♦ The total headcount of S%T personnel in 1998 was 449,000 researchers and technicians. ♦ About 24,000 students receive scholarships from the government for the study of science at the doctoral level in Mexico and abroad. Research Centers – Mexico Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV) Centro de Investigación perteneciente al sistema SEP-CONACyT. Corresponde a una sociedad civil. Tres socios han aportado al establecimiento del CIMAV: El Gobierno Federal (a través de la SEP y el CONACyT), El Gobierno del estado de Chihuahua y la iniciativa privada de Chihuahua (a través de la CANACINTRA). Chihuahua Información Tel: (14) 811-414 Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA) Organismo Público Descentralizado Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo #140 Apdo. Postal 379-C 25100 Saltillo, Coahuila Tel. (84) 15-30-30 ext. 231, 91 800 84099 Fax. (84) 15-48-04 Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152 Col. San Bartolo Atepehuaca 07730 México, D.F. Tel. (525) 368-5911 Fax. (525) 567-6047 378 In 1998 PEMEX (Mexican Petroleum) decided to promote research and development in the Mexican Institute of Petroleum, where 6 research programs have been established: biotechnology/ environent/heavy oil processing/corrosion/oil exploration and recovery/ molecular simulation. The total number of researchers today is around 450 but the plan is to have 1000 by year 2003. This number of researchers is very important if you consider that the National System of Researchers has in total close to 7000 members. Also the budget allocation will certainly change the figures for Mexico. Perhaps the most important point to comment is that all the research projects are related to industrial problems and they cover from basic science to transfer of technology. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS Ubicación en la República del lugar de trabajo: Guadalajara, Jal. Areas de trabajo: Bioquímica Teléfono: 36189410 Fax: 36181756 Sierra Mojada 800 Col. Independencia Guadalajara, Jal., 44340 Eliseo Portilla [email protected] Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada. (http:/www.cicese.mx) Ensenada, Baja California Areas de trabajo: ACUICULTURA Y BIOTECNOLOGIA MARINA Teléfono: 01 61 75 05 34 Fax: 01 61 75 05 34 Departamento de Acuicultura Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, B.C. Mexico. CICESE Dra. Beatriz Cordero, Dr. Fernando Diaz, Dr. Jorge Olmos, Dra. Elizabeth Ponce [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) Carr. Mexico Toluca km 36,5 Salazar Edo de Mexico Box 52045 Phone : +52(53) 29 72 45 Fax : +52(42) 15 39 04 e-mail: [email protected] Centro Nacional de Metrologia Km. 4.5 Carretera a Los Cúes, Municipio El Marques Qro." Queretaro Queretaro 76900- Phone : +52(42) 11 05 73. 379 Fax : +52(42) 15 39 04 e-mail: [email protected] Centro de Calidad del ITESM, Campus Monterrey Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada #2501 Sur, Col. Tecnológico Edificio CEDES, 3er. piso, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 64849 Tels. (52)(8) 3-58-20-00, Ext. 5161 y 3-28-40-72 Fax (8) 3-58-07-71 Del interior de la República sin costo al 01-800-711-63-75 e-mail: [email protected] Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV) Información Tel: (14) 811-414 Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA) Organismo Público Descentralizado Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo #140 Apdo. Postal 379-C 25100 Saltillo, Coahuila Tel. (84) 15-30-30 ext. 231, 91 800 84099 Fax. (84) 15-48-04 Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo México, D.F. Areas de trabajo: CATÁLISIS Y MATERIALES: (1) Catalizadores para hidrodesulfuración, (2) Catalizadores de reformación continua, (3) Reformación semi-regenerativa, (4) Catalizadores FCC y (5) Aditivos catalíticos para FCC; EXPLORACIÓN - PRODUCCIÓN: (1) Exploración y perforación en aguas profundas, (2) Geoquímica y diagénesis, (3) Métodos geofísicos para caracterización de yacimientos fracturados (4) Análisis sísmico 4D- 3C, (5) Simulación numérica de flujo multifásico en medios porosos y fracturados, (6) Procesos de recuperación secundaria y mejorada, (7) Geoestadística Teléfono: (52-5) 645-4959 ext 222 Fax: (52-5) 567-6047, (52-5) 645-5087 Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Torre Institucional, 2do. Piso Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152 07730 México, D.F. MEXICO Ing. José Luis Luna Arroyo, Asesor de la Coordinación de Investigación y Planeación Correo electrónico: [email protected] CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN POLIMEROS, S.A DE C.V. (GRUPO COMEX) Tepexpan, Edo. de México Areas de trabajo: Formulación de pinturas Teléfono: +52 (595) 7 16 02 Fax: +52 (595) 7 16 04 380 Marcos Achar Lobatón No 2, Tepexpan Edo. de México CP 55885. René Seade A. [email protected] Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Aptdo 14-740 07000, Mexico DF tel: 525.754.02.00; fax: 754.8707 Adolfo Martínez Palomo, director general del CINESTAV 1999-2002 CONSEJO ESTATAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DE COAHUILA (COECyT) ING. MARIO VALDES GARZA Director General Allende Sur No. 124 Zona Centro Saltillo Coah. C.P. 25000 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (01-61) 14.96.62 y 14.60.37 Fax: (01-61) 14.96.62 y 14.60.37 CONSEJO ESTATAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DE COLIMA. DR. JUSTINO PINEDA LARIOS Director General Calzada Galván Nte. Esq. Av. Ejército Nacional s/n Colima, Col. C.P. 28000 E-mail: Pendiente Tel: 01 (331) 3.06.08, 3.28.68, y 2.31.55 ext. 14 Fax: 4.82.83 CONSEJO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL ESTADO DE DURANGO (COCyTED). DR. HIRAM MEDRANO ROLDÁN Director General Zaragoza No. 526 Sur, 2do. piso Durango Dgo. C.P. 34000 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (01 18) 12.98.37 y 13.35.28 Fax: (01-18) 13.35.28 y 12.92.38 381 CONSEJO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL ESTADO DE GUANAJUATO (CONCyTEG). DR. ARTURO LARA LÓPEZ Director General Mineral de Valencia No. 20 Col. Marfil Guanajuato, Gto. C.P. 36250 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01 (473) 3.15.34 y 3.02.36 Fax: 01 (473) 3.04.33 CONSEJO ESTATAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN (SISTEMA DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL ESTADO DE MICHOACÁN ( SICYTEM ) M.C. RUBEN LARIOS GONZÁLEZ Presidente Av. Universidad No. 1234 Col. Villa Universidad Morelia, Mich. C.P. 58060 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01 (43) 16.24.51 y 27.45.75 Fax: 01 (43) 16.24.51 y 27.45.75 CONSEJO ESTATAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL ESTADO DE PUEBLA (CECYT). QUIM. ISAAC WOLFSON OLCKENICKI Director General Reforma 1305, 2do. patio (dentro de las instalaciones del Instituto Cultural Poblano) Puebla, Pue. C.P. 72000 E-mail: pendiente Tel: 01 (22) 46.49.74 Fax: 01 (22) 46.56.16 CONSEJO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL ESTADO DE QUERETARO 382 (CONCyTEQ) DR. ALEJANDRO LOZANO GUZMÁN Director General Luis Pasteur No. 36 Sur Zona Centro Querétaro, Qro. C.P. 76000 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01 (42) 12.72.66 y 14.36.85 Fax: 01 (42) 12.61.56 CONSEJO POTOSINO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA (COPOCyT). DR. JOSÉ LUIS MORÁN LÓPEZ Director General Río Kennedy No. 205 Col. Bellas Lomas San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. C.P. 78210 E-mail: [email protected] y [email protected] Tel: 01 (48) 17.58.74 Fax: 01 (48) 11.66.66 CONSEJO ESTATAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA (CECyT). DR. FAUSTO BURGUEÑO LOMELÍ Director General Av. Las Américas No. 2771 Nte. Culiacán, Sin. C.P. 80010 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01 (67) 12.29.49, 12.29.55 y 12.28.80 Fax: 01 (67) 16.93.83 y 12.31.16 CONSEJO TAMAULIPECO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA (COTACyT). DR. JUAN TREVIÑO HIGUERA Director General 21 Hidalgo y Juárez 112 Cd. Victoria, Tamps. C.P. 87000 E-mail: [email protected] 383 Tel: 01 (131) 2.64.00 y 2.17.44 Fax: 01 (131) 2.24.61 CONSEJO ZACATECANO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA. ING. JOSÉ IGNACIO CASTRO GUIJARRO Director General (Cámara Mexicana de la Industria de la Construcción) Av. Pedro Coronel esq. Arquitectos s/n Col. Dependencias Federales Guadalupe, Zacatecas C.P. 98600 E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] y [email protected] Tel: 01 (492) 33.527 y 32.789 Fax: 01 (492) 32.527 y 32.789 COMISION NACIONAL PARA LA UNESCO – VILLAHERMOSA BIOL. MIGUEL O. CHAVEZ LOMELI Director General Av. Carlos Pellicer Cámara s/n Zona CICOM Col. Lomas Altas Villa hermosa, Tab. C.P. 86090 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01 (93 ) 12.39.66 Fax: 01 (93 ) 14.20.76 ORGANOMETALLIC RESEARCH CENTRES (source: http://www.scc.um.es) Departmento de Quimica Inorganica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico, Apto 04510, Mexico D.F. MEXICO CABRERA, Armando, Prof., E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: 52-5-6224515; Fax: 52-5-6162217; Pankaj Sharma, Dr.; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone 52-5-6224515 (Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry of Sb,As Rh, Ru and Co, chemistry of Sm . Organic synthesis using metal complexes). Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Departamento de Quimica, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional, A.P. 14-740, Mexico 070000, Distrito Federal, MEXICO PAZ SANDOVAL, M. Angeles, Phone: (525)7477000 (Ext. 4010), Fax (525)7477113; E-mail: 384 [email protected] (Transition metal complexes with cyclopentadienyl and heterodienyl ligands) Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, A.P.18-F, C.P.66450, MEXICO KHARISSOV ILDUSOVICH, Boris, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], Fax (52-8)375-3846, Tel. (52-8)375-3068 (electrosynthesis, phthalocyanines, azomethinic ligands, non-aqueous solutions) C Alvarez Toledano, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Univ, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico JA Chamizo, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico N Zuñiga Villarreal, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico R Cea Olivares, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Ist Quim, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico 385 ACS Members Characteristics – Mexico (Source: ACS Info Central, 1999) ACS Members in Mexico - Interest Areas Agriculture and Food 4% Analytical 6% Physical Biochemistry Agriculture and Food 2% 4% Analytical Polymers/Plastics Biochemistry 16% Biotechnology Biotechnology 7% Chemical Education Chemical Education Colloids and Surfaces Pharm/Med 5% Computing/Molecular Modeling 7% Colloids and Surfaces 2% Energy/Fuels Environmental Comp/MolecModel Inorganic 1% Energy/Fuels Marketing/Sales/Business Organic 1% Materials 25% Organic Environmental Pharmaceutical/Medicinal 5% Polymers/Plastics Materials Physical 5% Marketing/Sales/Bus Inorganic 4% 6% 386 ACS Members Informant Interviews – Mexico Meetings in Mexico October 16-21, 1999 During October 16-21, 1999, the Mexican Chemical Society conducted its annual meeting in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico at the Cintermex Conference Center. Representing the ACS were the President, Edel Wasserman; Chairman of the ACS Board of Directors, Henry Whalen; John Malin, Administrator of the Office of International Activities and Brad Miller, Senior Staff Associate of the IAO. Five interview sessions were conducted with ACS members residing in Mexico. The following are highlights from the interviews, as well as salient points raised during a two-day SQM symposium on Chemically Related higher education / industry / government linkages. Innovation and national competitiveness in Mexico. Innovation and new technologies come to Mexican chemical enterprise through: 1) buying existing patents / licenses; 2) off-shore R&D from parent companies; 3) mergers and acqusitions; 4) maquila relationships (in which Mexican firms are responsible mainly for final assembly of products from components produced elsewhere); and 5) local research and development. The greatest needs for successful linkage in Mexico are in the construction, agriculture and environmental sectors. In order to get the most from linkage relationships, Mexican industry hopes to develop a fast track to competitive advantage focusing on those core business. Mexican higher education needs better resources and reputation. Faculties, in particular, desire improved reputations, better resources and more student placements. Students want good jobs. Government wants improved industrial processes through more new technology and better technology transfer. Industrial Priorities for Technology Transfer. With respect to innovation in Mexican chemical industries, there is a trend towards decreasing process costs, importing patents and active ingredients, focusing on simpler steps of finished chemical production, and short-term linkages with universities. Representatives of chemical companies in Mexico reported that they focus on acquiring new knowledge and technology dedicated to (in rank order) 1. modification of an existing process; 2. adaptation of equipment; 3. development of new products; 4. Intelligence gathering on alternative technologies; 5. manufacturing to new standards; 6. process design for improved productivity. Off-site technical linkages for companies in Mexico involve articulation with foreign companies, national companies, national universities, and research centers with focus on technical assistance, equipment manufacture, new process and product development. Mexican chemical industries use the following sources (in rank order) for new technologies and innovation in the field: 1. magazines and patent purchase; 2. plant visits; 3. conferences; 4. trade fairs; 5. Internet; 6. Government offices. 387 In linkages, both sides must view the joint endeavor as a business. Higher ed needs to take the lead more in promoting their services to industry. Government (CONACyT) has assisted by implementing a program of industrial funding for linkage-based R&D. Most contract work comes from government and to some extent from medium-sized enterprise; small-enterprise work is often problem-based one-off product analysis activity. Mexican Experiences with Industry/University Interactions. Representatives from both the business and higher education sectors agreed that numerous fruitful interactions have taken place and are ongoing. A large fraction of the interactions seems to involve chemical engineering faculty. Industry / higher ed linkage activities include (in rank order): 1. Informal faculty consultations; 2. Problem-based contracted product analysis / applied research projects; 3. Shared facility use; 4. Student practical / short-term employment; 5.student thesis development; 6. Provision of employee training and development clinics e.g. operating new equipment; 7. On- site degree programs for employees. Some experiments in collaboration have produced criticism from the higher ed sector citing a lack of clarity in agreements, failure to cover actual costs, unrealistic time frame requirements and irrelevance of the research problems to academic research interests. They noted that industrial research projects are either proprietary or mundane. From the industrial perspective, participants criticized a lack of clarity on what higher ed offers, poor understanding on the part of the universities of how to sell skills, and academics’ limited knowledge of business. Speakers noted the following reasons for industry not working with higher ed in Mexico: 1. Industry doesn’t know university capabilities; 2. The company has its own R&D center; 3. Delivery of service by universities is too slow to fit urgent industrial problems; 4. Collaborative agreements are difficult to formalize; 5. Costs are too high; 6. The company does not perform R&D in Mexico. There is a need for (and CONACyT is supporting) staff / liaison offices in industry and higher ed dedicated exclusively to marketing, maintaining, understanding and communicating how industry and higher ed linkages operate. Research Centers. Some (8-10) research centers in Mexico are quasi-governmental; cost recovery in nature; with modest indirect cost rates(15%). In contrast, higher ed indirect ratios run 25% to 30%, e.g., at Monterrey Tech. Research center scientists’ salaries are based on the number and quality of publications, each individual’s SNI classfication (a national qualification system for investigators), and a percentage of grants brought in. There is a tendency towards research centers organizing themselves to provide courses and confer degrees in research fields. 388 Meetings with ACS Members 1-2 December 1999 Camino Real Hotel Mexico City, Mexico During a visit to Mexico City to attend the ceremony designating the Marker Degradation and the Mexican Hormonal Derivative Industry as international historic chemical landmarks (co- sponsored by the Sociedad Química de México and the American Chemical Soceity) Dr. Helen Free, ACS Past-President and Dr. Bradley Miller of the ACS Office of International Activities scheduled a series of meetings at the Camino Real Hotel with ACS members who had participated in a fall email survey The purpose of the meetings was to get acquainted with ACS members living in Mexico, follow up the September 1999 survey, and to gather further information for the ACS Latin American Brief. We were specifically interested in the challenges they saw facing chemical enterprise and Chemically Related higher education, research, government, and professional groups in Mexico - to get their perspectives on how these challenges might best be met and the role professional societies (in Mexico and the USA) might play in catalyzing collaboration among these sectors, nationally and transnationally. Situation: There is a need for Chemically Related organizations (SQM, ANIQ, IMIQ and AFM) to come together to address issues of curriuclar reform in higher education, entry to practice, and continuing professional education for chemists. Suggestion: To stimulate interactions among these organizations it is best to convene them to develop voluntary quality assurance standards along the lines of certification developed by the NRCC for clinical chemistis and some of ACS’ work in certifying of specialists (health and safety and environmental) or some of the health care professions in Mexico. However, changes in governance (and their concomitant interests) of the organizations can result in interactions which are not sustained. Situation: Instead of collaborating with local universities or research centers Chemically Related plant staff of MNC’s are likely to be sent offshore to headquarters for training on equipment, software, process / product quality or environmental management systems. Additionally, MNC’s will ship offshore samples to the headquarters or R&D facility for analysis. Small and medium sized enterprises have even less collaboration with higher ed. Suggestion: Conduct society-sponsored symposia (in Spanish) on US models of higher ed / industry collaboration with emphasis on how US universities promote their services to industry – contract research, product analyses, training & development. Include in the symposia respondent panels to comment on what aspects might or might not be relevant. 389 Situation: Suppliers / vendors / consultants / contractors are very dynamic and keep in contact with who is doing what with what equipment across a variety of clients and prospective clients (small, medium and large enterprise) in industry, higher ed, and research centers. They are familiar with needs, expertise and equipment holdings. Suggestion: Suppliers / vendors / consultants / contractors can be tapped to sponsor workshops (in Spanish) to present their experiences and issues they encounter across Chemically Related sectors; include a session on the role they might play in catalyzing collaboration. Situation: Globalization carries with it a demand for higher level employee skills and abilities which tend not to be as readily available from local educational programs especially for managerial openings. Reliance upon student-based outreach for coop placement – turning into recruitment. In Mexico there are many baccalaureate-level graduates credentialed with QFB’s; they end up as technicians or in QA. MS students with US degrees or chemical engineering Ph.D. graduates from reputable institutions in Mexico are preferred for management recruitment. Evidence of increasing numbers of ‘transpatriates’ in global chemical industry. Suggestion: Convene society-sponsored student coop placement and career service fairs. Include sessions addressing models of shared intellectual property. ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses – Mexico 1) In which sector are you employed? (Please select one item) Industry: 6 Higher Education: 14 Professional and/or Trade Association: 0 Government: 1 Other - Please specify: Consulting for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Market research, bibliographic searches, technological evaluations ** APPLIED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ** 2) Do you and/or your colleagues participate in any professional scientific activities involving Chemically Related industry / higher education collaboration? Yes: 18 No: 1 3) If your answer to Item #2 is Yes, are you personally involved in the activity? Yes: 16 No: 3 If your answer is Yes, please describe how. 390 New products developments and new applications for our products (SBR copolymers)** Temporary (two years) project with a chemical industry extracting/modifying natural pigments ** Working at CIQA who is a gouvernamental chemical laboratory oriented to technological matters we have both:+ interaction with companies to solve technical problems or to be involved in joint applied research + Advisoring of thesis, some of them funded by chemical companies. ** GIVING COURSES TO UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS ** AS RESEARCH GROUP LEADER IN THE AREA OF BIOPROCESSES ** I was involved in several research projects as a liason between our Company and different mexican universities. ** participamos como asesores en el desarrollo de farmacos ** I'm personally involved in the creation of a new processes for new materials ** I'm not sure what you are looking for. In the past I was involved in many efforts to encourage Mexican industry to use university research - either by contracting it or by taking advantage of what was published. We were usually unsuccessful. Both the Asociación Farmacéutica Mexicana (of which I am a member) and the Mexican Chemical Society make sporadic efforts to get academics to work with the industry and industry to use the university resources. Recently I don't know how that is going.The biggest complaints by industry is that the university people were too laid back and wouldn't commit to a business like contract, wouldn't keep a time table, wouldn't deliver on time, and didn't understand that industry needs practical results. The researchers complained that the industrialists were always trying to pin them down, that they didn't understand that research takes time, and so on. ** I have organized few International workshops./ Symposia and Conferences in Environmental Sciences/Water and wastewater treatment/ I am also Organiser in IAWQ meetings. I am more interested to promote ACS activities in Mexico also. ** I have been responsible of promoting and leading the University group in research done in my laboratory ** I collaborate with food companies mainly. A few Tequila companies and Fruit Companies such as Frexport (strawberry) and Mando Industrializadora, to mention some. ** R&D projects contracted with Universities ** CONTACT AND/OR DECIDE WHICH COLLABORATORS CAN BE ADEQUATE, HOW SOME STUDIES MUST BE DONE, PREPARATION OF WORK PROGRAMS WITH THE ACADEMIC PERSONNEL IN UNIVERSITIES, OTHER CENTERS AND IN OUR CENTER AND EVALUATION OF RESULTS. ** Developing and characterizing new materials for energy related applications. ** 4) Are your colleagues involved? Yes: 14 No: 4 NA: 1 5) What type of industry is involved in the collaboration? Energy: 4 Agricultural Chemicals: 2 Basic Chemical Production: 4 391 Polymers: 11 Fine Chemicals: 6 Metals: 3 Rubber: 2 Other - Please specify: mining ** FOOD PROCESS AND BIOPROCESS ** Packaging, Environmental and Textiles ** Inorganic Coagulant and Flocculent ** Viscose processing (cellophane and rayon) ** Mainly Food Companies ** PAINTS AND COATINGS ** 6) What companies are participating in the collaboration? Repsol Química (Spain); Uniroyal Chemical Co. (U.S.A.); Girsa Inc. ** Through the government agencies, we are working with a Minning site in Zacatecas which is recovering mercury. We are working with a tails recovering industry in San Luis Potosi which is using a cianyde complexation procedure, we are in charge of the health security and the environmental impact it may have in the area. We are working with several environmental analysis laboratorios in bulding up capacity in analytical procedures ** ININ (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares; IRSA (Industrias Resistol, S.A.); PEMEX (Petróleos Mexicanos); IMP (Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo) ** Industrial Organica ** CIQA has about 400 clients in the country located in 7 of the most industrialized states (including Nuevo Leon, Jalisco and Mexico city area) ** Grupo Industrias Resistol S.A. (GIRSA); Negromex and Hules Mexicanos; Petroleos Mexicanos and they may be others I am not aware of. ** GRUPO BIOQUIMICO MEXICANO; COMPAÑIA MINERA AUTLAN ** Laboratorios Julian del grupo UQUIFA ** Confidential information ** MINOX CORPORATIONMINOX DE MEXICO SADE CV; RAINS SA DE CV ** Grupo Cydsa, ** Tequila Cuervo; Tequila Corralejo; Mango Exporting Industry; Strawberry Exporting Industry ** Enertec Mexico, S. de R. L. de C. V. ** I DON´T KNOW EXACTLY WHICH FINE CHEMICAL´S COMPANIES THEY ARE WORKING WITH, EXCEPT FOR "RESISTOL", BUT THAT IS IN THE POLYMER FIELD. ** CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIOON EN POLIMEROS; COMEX, S. A. de C. V. ** PEMEX and small industries in the glass sector. ** 7) Where is the industrial site or laboratory located? Altamira, Tamaulipas. México ** Zacatecas, México ; San Luis POtosí, Mexico and in México City ** Salazar, Estado de México ** In Monterrey, Nuevo Leon ** Saltillo Coahuila ** Several sites in Mexico. We have a Textile Technical Center in Aguascalientes, and Bussines Units in Tampico, Monterrey, Guadalajara and Mexico City ** Cuernavaca, Mor. (Mexico) ** Guadalajara, Jalisco; Corralejo, Guanajuato; San Blas, Michoacan; Zamora, Michoacan ** THE LABORATORIES ARE INSIDE THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AT THE "UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA" IN MEXICO CITY. ** TEPEXPAN, EDO. DE MEXICO ** Puebla, Puebla. 392 8) What type of activity is carried out in the collaboration? Basic Research: 11 Faculty Visits: 6 Student Visits: 8 Consulting: 14 Contract Research: 8 Quality Control: 5 Environmental Monitoring: 4 Other - Please Specify: Special analytical analysis (McMaster University and Joint venture of R&D projects with (UCLA, University of Florida)** Development of new catalysts; Zeolites as radiation scavengers; Polymers with new or improved properties ** Scholarship Programs ** ORGANIC SYNTHESES ** COURSES ON SELECTED TOPICS WITH UNIVERSITIES, OTHER CENTERS OR ACADEMIC PERSONNEL FROM THEM ** 9) What do you feel are the characteristics of a successful university / industry collaboration in Mexico? Identify opportunity areas into industry Promoving future proffesionals into students with scholarship and grants ** The best relation between Universities and Industry are when a research proyect is stablished in which the university develops a procedure for that industry and in doing that trains students in the subject which later are hired by the industry. In order for this to happen, the project has to be very well stablished and the objectives very clearly defined. This means that the industry is not only using the university facilities because they do not have the instruments or the human resources in their location. This later case is common and on them the industry has a problem and just transfer it to the Univesrity and this leaves nothing (some money) but is not a real challenge and serves not educational purposes. ** Common goals and objectives on both parties. ** It is important that people in industry realize that "time-scales" in universities are different (months to years) to those they deal with (today is good, yesterday even better, tomorrow not so good). In contracts, they should guarantee a continuity of the project, so that students are not strangled, financial support is not suddenly terminated, etc. Of course, chemists at the university must understand that they must provide useful results in a reasonable time, if the collaboration is to be renewed. ** First thing is getting trust of industry, second: efficiently get chemicals and technical support for our analitical instruments ** IT MUST BE ECONOMICALLY SUPPORTED BY THE INDUSTRY, BESIDES THE TECHNICAL ASPECT. ** Industry has to open itself in the sense that they must be very clear as to what are yheir needs in the medium and long range plans. This has not occurred in yhe appropriate scale in the past. Most industries in Mexico are still technologically dependent of developed countries. ** THE BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEED OF THE DOMESTIC INDUSTRY ** Industry must accept their is a risk in R&D projects; Research projects must be relevant to both Industry and University ** University/govermental: brains, mentality focused on industrial research; Industry: Inclination toward modifications and/or innovations, trust,patience, financial flexibility. ** Poder participar en el mejoramiento de procesos quimicos ** A piece of research that can be used immediately in an industrial process. It should be practical, should not involve 393 raw materials or equipment difficult to obtain (Mexican customs is still a big barrier),and it should work upon scale up. ** In México there is not enough university/industry collaboration, because the research and development in the private industry is poor ** I made my mexican and US patent in the University and it has been transferred to industries and I have good positive opinion on Technology transfers in Mexico. I would like to promote this type of promoting technology to Mexico. There is a great hope for the future in Technology transfers to Industry and the most of the Industries are showing great interest as well. ** a) confidence; b) equivalent capacities (there are few scientists in the industry in Mexico); c) clear objectives ** Understanding each side duties ** Well defined scope and objectives, and good follow up of activities. ** THE UNIVERSITY WHERE I¨M STUDYING IS A PRIVATE ONE, SO IT DOESN´T HAVE AS MUCH MONEY FOR R&D AS A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY. THE KEY IN A SUCCESSFUL COLLABORATION RELIES ON THE MONEY THE DIFFERENT COMPANIES CAN BRING TO THE UNIVERSITY AND ON THE OTHER HAND ON LETTING THE STUDENTS HAVE AN ACTIVE PARTICIPATION ON THE PROJECTS. ** DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE ACADEMIC PERSONNEL THAT IS DESIRED FOR THE COLLABORATION ** Las colaboraciones exitosas son aquellas que impactan directamente y en corto tiempo alguna problemática particular de la industria. Esto significa que proyectos de investigacion aplicada o el proporcionar servicios tienen mucha mas aceptacion en el &mbito industrial que los proyectos de investigacion basica. ** 10) What facilitates development of such collaborations? New products; Analytical results to improve products; Expertise of people ** When the university research groups present their work in congresess or meettings attended by people from industry, on them research groups show their capabilities so industry can later be prepared to use them. ** Offering of scholarships for students to conduct thesis from the part of the industries involved. Commitment from the high ranking officials on both parties. ** We are very competitives in prices with regard to collaborations with USA universities or research centers ** RECIPROCAL CONFIDENCE IN THE MANAGMENT OF THE RESOURCES ** THE HIGH STANDARDS OF OUR UNIVERSITY AND THE QUALITY OF OUR WORK ** Top Management approval (both Industry and University); Personal acquaintance among the individuals involved in the collaboration; Interdisciplinary team Communications ** La cercania entre la universidad y la industria ** University/ Patents/Patented technology developed for waste waters/ Financial involvement thorough promoters etc Involve in the collaborations ** a) employment stability; b) good economic situation in the country (stability again!); c) clear legislation ** The aquisition of reagents and equipment, sometimes ** People with good customer oriented attitudes. ** I´M ACTUALLY WORKING ON A THESIS THAT WAS OF MY VERY OWN INTEREST, SO I DON´T REALLY KNOW WHAT THE INSTITUTION IS DOING RIGHT NOW TO FACILITATE THIS DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLABORATIONS, BUT I KNOW THAT RIGHT NOW IN MEXICO IT IS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO GET THE NECESSARY REACTANTS FOR SOME RESEARCH PROJECTS. ** A REAL INTEREST OF THE COLLABORATORS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM THAT HAS BEEN PRESENTED TO THEM, AND AN ACADEMIC INTEREST IN THE AREA OF RESEARCH ** Comunicacion, Vinculacion y Credibilidad. Las universidades debieran conocer los problemas del sector industrial y cultivar conocimiento alrededor de estos temas. Los industriales debieran conocer la investigacion que se hace en las 394 universidades y estar dispuestos a invertir en programas de largo plazo. Asimismo, ambas partes deben ser flexibles en establecer acuerdos de secrecia convenientes a ambos. ** 11) What hinders or is problematic for development of such collaborations? In México sometimes money; Confidential aspects ** Some times scientist inside industry are very receptive of the capabilities of the universities but it is very difficult to get them through to the managment or decision making groups within the industry. The common (but mistaken) conception that research at universities has no time and that solution of problems take forever is the major drawback. ** Lack of common goals and objectives. Full time dedication to the project of the people involved. ** Lack of common goals and objectives. Full time dedication to the project of the people involved. ** Lack of communication / suspicion / industry trying to get as much as possible for as little as possible compensation ** Industrial sponsors doesn't have trust in mexican laboratories ** THE LACK OF COMPROMISE OF THE OWNERS OR "DECISION TAKING" PEOPLE IN THE COMPANIES. ** THE DIFFERENT TIME-SPACE BETWEEN ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY ** Formalizing the relationship (Contracts or Agreements);Mexican Industry does not like to publish the results of a project; Property Rights;Availability of technical personnel ** The characteristics of the Mexican industry (means national capital)are mainly opposite to those mentioned in Item #9. Some of them have their own research groups. The most industries located in Mexico belong to foreign owners or are joint ventures which have their research groups abroad. The local managers are not in position to make decision. The Mexican academic scientists/researchers are mainly not accustomed to be in contact with the industry. ** La mentalidad de los industriales mexicanos ** Sometimes improper communications between industry (sometimes I fail my routine academic activity due to hevay scheduled visit to industries) /not proven technology. Insufficient funds and support from university departments (except my Institute of Engineering). ** a) red tape (both University and Industry; b) lack of stimulus (tax breaks..) for the industry to do research ** Law agreements and University and Industry policies ** Bureaucracy excessive red tape ** MEXICO IS EXTREMELY BACK IN R&D BECAUSE ALL THE COMPANIES HERE WANT TO SEE IMMIDIATE RESULTS, NOT LONG TERM RESULTS AS THE ONES PROVIDED BY SCIENTIFIC WORK, SO THEY DON´T INVEST ANYTHING ON EQUIPMENT. AT THIS MOMENT A HUGE PROBLEM IS THE STRIKE IN THE MAIN UNIVERSITY OF THE COUNTRY, WHICH HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE ONE TO PROVIDE ALL THE EQUIPMENT, REAGENTS AND PUBLICATIONS RESOURCES. ** THAT SUPPOSED COLLABORATORS REALLY DONT GIVE THE ACCORDED TIME TO THE RESEARCH PROGRAM BECAUSE OF THEIR INTEREST IN OTHER ACTIVITIES INSIDE THE UNIVERSITIES. ** Los esquemas ineficientes y burocráticos que existen tanto en la industria como en las universidades para efectuar la vinculacion. La falta de conocimiento y/o masa critica en las universidades para responder con la premura y efectividad que los industriales quisieran. Los esquemas de evaluacion de los universitarios, mismos que ocasionan que los academicos esten cultivando conocimiento en areas totalmente ajenas a la problematica de la industria nacional. ** 395 12) What, in your opinion, would improve the quality and sustainability of university / industry collaborations, and have you encountered or do you expect to encounter issues of intellectual property - how can this, too be improved? Increase the support to research; To know more about universities ** A clear mutual understanding of objectives and capabilities within the project definition. The clear setting of programs and time windows within the project. ** The quality is directly related to the background of the researchers working on the project, they must have the appropriate profile (training). The intellectual property issues are more important for industry people than for academics at this stage. It can be improved with a detailed reglamentation. ** Exchange of researchers/chemists to and from academia/university ** Get started working with mexican laboratories. In some cases we have identical facilities and abilities as our counterparts in USA. In many cases, industrial scientist doesn't have the same level of creativity and hability as that of academic scientists. Create a national code of conduct for scientists. ** THERE MUST BE INTEREST BY THE GOVERNMENT IN FACILITATE THESE ACTIVITIES THROUGH FISCAL INCENTIVES AND REINFORCMENT OF THE INTELECTUAL PROPERTY LAW. ** My experience es the fromer Head of the Basic Research Division of the Mexican Petroleum Institue, 25 years ago, was and still persists is the lack of a true Mexican Industry from the technological point of view. Industry hardly needs the assistance of Academia for their performance except in few cases. ** SHOWING THE BENEFITS OF SUCH COLLABORATIONS TO THE COMMUNITY ** One way to do is presenting in seminars and conventions the successful industry/university relationships. As I mentioned before the intellectual property issues are very delicate and many times act as a barrier for a relationship. This issue must be clearly defined in the Agreement. One way to improve is giving proper credit to the university researchers as inventors. ** Aumentando la investigación y desarrollo a nivel de la industria mexicana ** Money would help. Foreign clients would help. For instance, if an American chemical company wanted some laboratory work done - either routine analyses or perhaps a synthesis development - it could probably be done quite cheaply in Mexico. The first effort would need patience squared. But once a working arrangement is functioning, it could be profitable to both sides and can lead to more work contracted to Mexico. Intellectual property isn't much of an issue here, although there are patents. They really don't have teeth and getting a judgement on patent infringement can be frustrating. The biggest problem is that information in general is not easily shared, whether it's patentable or not. ** This issues can be improved through frequent seminars/conferences by inviting industries and academic institutions and participation of govt organizations etc would improve to understand the importance of Industry/University collaboration and Intellectual property Importance and its proper use in a country. ** I think that industry should try to develop serious research groups. The experience with companies that have done so shows that collaboration is easy and the results very satisfactory ** Sharing in both cases ** Well defined terms in the contracts ** THE UNIVERSITY HAS TO CONVINCE THE MANAGERS OF THE DIFFERENT COMPANIES ABOUT THE ENORMOUS BENEFFITS OF CUTTING EDGE R&D AND HAS TO ENCOURAGE THEM TO INVEST ON THE NEWCOMING SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING GENERATIONS. ** ESTABLISHING AREAS OR INSTITUTES WHERE THESE PROGRAMS SHOULD BE THE MOST IMPORTANT GOAL TO ACHIEVE, DEDICATED WITH BACHELOR,MASTER, OR DOCTORAL THESIS TO THE SOLVING OR STUDY OF THE THEMES PROPOSED. ** La politica nacional esta 396 poniendo mucho enfasis ultimamente en la vinculacion industria/universidad. Los esquemas de evaluacion de los acadamicos ya empiezan a tomar en cuenta los productos de esta interaccion. Si estos dos puntos perduran, en poco tiempo habra substanciales avances en las relaciones industria/universidad. Por otro lado, el establecimiento de programas de largo plazo entre la industria y la universidad permitira cultivar conocimiento en las areas de interés al industrial, lo cual aumentara la formacion de recursos humanos de alto nivel y con experiencia en temas locales, impactando en los dos grandes obstaculos de la colaboracion: efectividad y tiempo de respuesta. Los asuntos de propiedad intelectual se tratan a nivel institucion, no a nivel investigador, y son a mi entender bastante rigidos. La calidad y perdurabilidad de la interaccion industria/universidad dependera pues de las politicas nacionales e institucionales, y mucho ayudara la minimizacion de los tramites burocraticos y legales. ** 13) Which particular university / industry collaborations would you identify as outstanding? Madero technological Institute (Cd. Madero Tamaulipas52-12-15-85-44) ** None is outstanding to the best of my knowledge. ** Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland and faculty at ETH, etc ** CID, Polidesa, Akra, PEMEX, Negromex, Resirene, Resistol, and many others ** I KNOW ABOUT SEVERAL COMPANIES WORKING WITH THE "INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO Y DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE MONTERREY", DR. JAIME BONILLA, PHONE 358- 2000 EXT.4511 AREA CODE 8, [email protected] ** UAM Iztapalapa Polymer group with GIRSA.For further information contact either DR: ROBERTO Olayo, [email protected] or Dr. Roberto Alexander, [email protected]; For programs involving directly the Chemistry Department and of which I have no detailed information, contact Dr.Tessy MariaLopez Goerne fax number is (5) 7244666. I don't have her e-mail. ** ITESM- MONTERREY INDUSTRIES ** CID (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico S. A. de C. V.,)with several universities ** Mario Ordoñez Palacios,Profesor Investigador,centro de Investigaciones Químicas-UAEM,Av. Universidad # 1001, Col. Chamilpa,62210, Cuernavaca, [email protected],(73)-297000 ext. 3501 ** HYLSA-FIME (UANL);CEMEX- FCQ (UANL) ** Institute of Engineering,Dr. Ilangovan Kuppusamy/ Dra. Blanca Jimenez,UNAM ,Institute of Biotechnology;Dr. Augustin Mungia, UNAM ,You can see our Web Page www.unam.mx; At present the UNAM activities are paralysed due to the recent student strike. ** COMEX (Paints and coatings) and UAM-Iztapalapa (Dr. Jesus Alvarez, [email protected]) ** Cinvestav, Dr Gregorio Vargas,phone 011 52 84 881 019, fax 011 52 84 881 139, Address : Carretera Saltillo Monterrey Km 13, Apartado Postal 663, Saltillo, 25000,Coahuila, Mexico; Enertec, Ing. Francisco Vazquez del Mercado, phone 011 52 8 329 9543, fax 011 52 8 358 0145,Adress: Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 3431 Sur,Monterrey, 64740, Nuevo Leon, Mexico ** I THINK RIGHT NOW THE "UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA" IS TRYING TO PROMOTE ALL THE ABOVE MENTIONED BENEFITS THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, BUT I´M NOT INFORMED IF THEY´VE HAD ANY OUTSTANDING SUCCESS. CONTACT: Arturo Fregoso Infante,Director,Departamento de Ciencias Universidad Iberoamericana-Edificio F,Prol. Paseo de la Reforma #880,Lomas de Santa Fe, 01210,México D.F., OR Mario Bravo Medina,Dirección Académica (Same Address) ** 1.CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN POLIMEROS AND UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE > MEXICO (EDUARDO NAHMAD ACHAR and RUBEN BARRERA PEREZ); 2.CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION EN POLIMEROS AND UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA 397 METROPOLITANA CAMPUS IZTAPALAPA (EDUARDO NAHMAD ACHAR and JESUS ALVAREZ CALDERON); 3.INDUSTRIAS RESISTOL and UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA CAMPUS IZTAPALAPA (Leonardo Rios Guerrero and Roberto Alexander) ** Ninguna, o quizas las del IMP (Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo), Met-Mex Penioles, Condumex, Negromex, etc., con el sector universitario relacionado con Catalisis, Metalurgia, Polimeros,Biotecnologia, etc. ** 14) For university / industry collaborations which involve scientist,researcher, or student mobility across national borders, what skills or capacities should a participant have to be successful? To understand the comercial and technical; To have support ** Comittment to the project and previous experience in the development of projects with industrial scientists. Patience and perseveration. A very solid background on applied analytical and physical-chemistry. ** English proficiency; Expertise in his/her field; No economic problems ** Being able to speak well the language; Having secured housing, transportation, etc ** Translation of technical/scientific challenges to commercial interest ** CLEARLY THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN ENGLISH-SPANISH IS VERY IMPORTANT. IT´S NECESSARY TO HOMOLOGATE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE THE COMMON RESEARCH AREAS AMONG UNIVERSITIES AND INDUSTRIE IN BOTH COUNTRIES. THE ANALYICAL RESOURCES IN MEXICO ARE A STEP (OR SEVERAL) STEPS BEHIND U.S.A. SO IS NECESSARY TO HAVE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN THOSE "STATE OF THE ART" TECHNICS HAVIN WORKSHOPS FOR OUR STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONALS NEAR TO THE BORDER IF POSSIBLE, BECAUSE, THE ECONOMIC ISSUES HAVE A STRONG INFLUENCE IN THE ATTENDANCE. ALL CHEMISTS HAVE STRONG INTEREST IN ITS FIELD BUT THE ACCESS IS LIMITED HERE. ** A very open mind to appreciate and understand the intrinsic problems of industry which may be as interesying as any basic research problem. ** THE ABILITY TO ANALISE AND SOLVE PROBLEMS, TO WORK UNDER PRESSURE AND THE BI-LINGUAL CHARACTERISITIC ** Excellent technical background; Communication skills; Ability to work in teams; Ability to work under stress; leadership ** Sintesis enantioselectiva ** Brain, mentality focused on industrial research, workability, language, to be a human being of nationality not restricted for mobility across national borders (Russian, for example). ** Conocer bien los idiomas involucrados y los patrones de calidad ** On the Mexican side, the participant should speak English. On the American side, the participant should be patient, persistent and should insist on fulfillment of contract. ** Active Scientist/Researcher/Directors and Head of the departments ** First of all the knowledge of the language. Skills should be appropriate with the requirements of the planned activity. ** Understanding of the problems and education ** Global mentality and attitude ** I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE IS TO BE ABLE TO WORK PATIENTLY ON A PROJECT, BUT ALWAYS KEEPING IN MIND THE GOAL OF INVESTING TIME IN THE MOST USEFUL AND PRACTICAL R&D PROJECTS. ** WE HAVE NOT HAD THAT EXPERIENCE, ALL OUR COLLABORATORS UNTIL NOW HAVE BEEN NATIONALS. I DO NOT THINK THEY MUST HAVE ANY SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC BUT THEIR SKILLS IN THEIR SPECIALITY AND SOME ADAPTABILITY TO THE COUNTRY. ** Ser bilingue, tener un alto grado de adaptacion y respeto al medio que lo rodea, desempenarse con profesionalismo y 398 tener una clara idea de las limitaciones que la colaboracion implica (salarios, infraestructura experimental, acuerdos de secrecia, etc.). Todo esto sumado a un CV que indique que es un experto en el tema de interes. ** The best skills and capacities of Mexican students and workers to do cross-border collaborations is basically a high degree of motivation to excel, and to have competency in english (true for the world in general). US students and faculty interested in coming to Mexico should expect to study Spanish and not to simply have a nice vacation. ** 15) Other comments or thoughts on university / industry collaborations in Mexico? What aspects of the chemical industry sector do you see as most promising for industry / university collaboration? I consider that it is pretty important to have a good media to know more about any university because sometimes we need to do any special project but we do not know who can do that, specially in México. Our company helps societies as Mexican polymer society, or mexican rubber group ** New engineering proceses for common products in which all environmental issues are taken into account. Remediation engineering of polluted sites. ** Industry leaders with long standing vision. Reasonable government regulations (cut bureaucracy); The oil industry sector is one of the most promising. ** Little basic research is carried out in mexican chemical industries. They usually prefer to pay for "proved" imported technologies. ** POLYMERS CATALYST FOR ASSYMETRIC SYNTHESIS BIOCHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESS EXCUSE ME FOR MY WRITEN ENGLISH, I DID MY BEST. ** I wrote a whole book about this subject whwn I left the Petroleum Institute. Mos of the subjects there covered are still valid. If you read spanish I shall be glad to send you a copy. I was personally frustrated after that venture and feel unqualified to answer the last part of the question. ** I see the private chemical industry sector as the most promising for good university/industry relationship. It is an excellent alternative to work in projects when the R&D budget is tight. ** La industria farmaceutica y en el desarrollo de nuevos productos. ** I can't say for all the Mexican chemical industry. Examples: PEMEX, govermental industries, is very closed and unflexible,uses technologies of 25-30 years ago. Plastics and rubber industries are more opened and promissing for industry / university collaboration. ** Industría del acero, cemento y cerveza ( en el norte de México) ** environmental studies, synthesis, analyses. Does the ACS have any interest in setting up a liaison office or representation in Mexico? I have office space, experience, and time for sale. ** I received your Email with the questionnaire attached, and thought Iwould response with the following paragraphs. I should mention that I and my faculty have established contacts with Prof. George Sturgeon, who I believe is still actively involved with ACS in . George has visited us on several occasions. ** Personally, I participate in two Mexican Societies: The AMIDIQ (Mexican Academy of Research and Teaching in Chemical Engineering) and ACAT (Mexican Academy of Catalysis). The former, not to be confused with IMIQ (Mexican Society of Chemical Engineers), is more focussed on academic aspects of Chem Engr education and research in Mexico. Dr. Roberto Leyva of our faculty was previous president of AMIDIQ. AMIDIQ also has been publishing "Avances en Ingeniería Química", a nationally refereed book of extended abstracts from our annual meeting in April 399 each year. ** Most research projects are funded by CONACyt, which funds most academic research in Mexico, although several of us have some funding from other government/industrial sources. I have a project with the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (the "research branch" of PEMEX, the national petroleum company). This project is based on complementary experiments, using equipment in my lab here at UASLP that is not available at the IMP. The nature is academic, with application in the FCC catalyst sector. PEMEX also has two other funding categories that they describe as "technological development" and "technical service", generally differentiated by the duration of the project (the latter category tends to be less than one year and is mainly to provide services to the refineries, rather than academic research). The IMP also provides some scholarship money to students involved in the program, and serves to "upgrade" IMP employees who wish to pursue an advanced degree at a university. ** Direct industry funding is minimal -typically, local industries take advantage of service analysis with equipment they may not have, but someone in our faculty has. These collaborations are worked out privately, with the university administration playing more of a passive role.(4) We are a growing department, with new buildings going up. However, many basic services are lacking - telephone service is tedious; unannounced interruptions in electrical service and damaging voltage swings are not uncommon. CONACyT typically does not allow us to purchase support infrastructure (furniture, etc.), yet often these details are vitally missing. Our labs are converted rudimentary classrooms, and necessities such as fumehoods are major expenses for the faculty. ** I think that the best collaborations are those that involve common research interests, and that involve students in research projects. I don't think that technical service jobs per se is useful for postgraduates to spend much of their time on, although this might be useful for undergraduates. At the industrial level, my feeling is that with re-structuring and consolidation world-wide, many companies simply expect to use Mexico as a cheap production base, with technical problems to be solved in their first world divisions. Few Mexican companies (such as Resistol) possess the stability and resolve to develop proprietary technology and a desire to maintain a competitive grasp on the market through technology. Yet there is great expectation that Mexico will spontaneously develop such expertise. Companies like their employees to invest in employee training courses at local universities, but this does not change their fundamental way of thinking. ** Unfortunately, research takes time and that is well understood for researchers and Universities, however, people from the industry have not completely understand this point. Therefore, there still a hug gap to overcome between these two institutions. ** Food chemistry and pharmaceutical companies ** FINE CHEMICALS AND BIOCHEMICALS. a).-pharmaceutical, b).-metalurgical, c).- petrochemical, d).-environmental issues, etc. ** Energia, Polimeros, Biotecnologia 400 Funding Organizations with Interests in Mexico Ford Motor Company Corporate Giving Program The American Rd. P.O. Box 1899, Rm. 949 Dearborn , MI 48121-1899 (888) 313-0102 Purpose and Activities: Makes contributions of land, buildings, equipment, and in-house services. Gives to colleges and universities for specific research projects. Also maintains memberships in Chambers of Commerce and other area organizations. Total Giving: $12,332,091 Grants Amount: $10,598,050 Number of Grants: 630 Highest Grant: $250,000 Lowest Grant: $100 Average Grant: 100-5000 In-Kind Amount: $1,734,041 Number of In-Kind Gifts: 13 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas of operations, including internationally in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Mexico, and South America. Program Limitations: No support for capital funds or endowments. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Staff: 9 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles contributions. Application form not required. Initial approach: Letter of inquiry to headquarters. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): 6 to 8 weeks. Final notification: 10 to 12 weeks. Write: Gary L. Nielsen, V.P. and Exec. Dir. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Building/renovation; Technical assistance; Use of facilities; Sponsorships; Donated equipment; Donated land; Donated products; Journalism & publishing; Visual arts; Performing arts; Arts/cultural programs; Higher education; Business school/education; Education; Environment; Medical research; Youth, services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; International affairs; Federated giving programs; Engineering & technology; Science; Minorities; Asia; Australia; Canada; Europe; Mexico; South America Merck & Co., Inc. Corporate Giving Program 1 Merck Dr. P.O. Box 100 Whitehouse Station , NJ 08889-0100 (908) 423-2042 Purpose and Activities: The business of Merck is improving the quality of life throughout the world. Main emphasis is on the development of innovative products for the health and well- being of society. Cash grants and donated products support science education on all levels, community services in areas where Merck operates, environmental policies that protect the health of company employees and communities, and medical outreach that responds to major natural disasters and the medical needs of developing countries. A major portion of Merck funding is committed annually to higher education programs initiated in cooperation with selected medical schools and universities. Operating support for health and social service agencies is targeted to Merck communities and generally directed through annual contributions 401 to the United Way. Requests for support are evaluated on the basis of relevance to Merck's strategic interests. Sufficient resources are not available to fund unsolicited requests from educational institutions or organizations with purposes of limited relationship to Merck's mission. Total Giving: $120,700,000 Grants Amount: $4,700,000 In-Kind Amount: $116,000,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** International Support: Support for development, relief, and scientific research where the company has major operations. Grants complement those made by overseas subsidiaries, some of which have their own grants programs. Foreign recipients are primarily universities. ** Medical and Science Education: Merck's goal is to ensure there will be a future reservoir of qualified physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, scientists, and engineers by supporting pre-college and college science and math education, with support also for research. The Merck Fellowship in Lipidology at the Mayo Clinic and Fellowships in Clinical Epidemiology were two more fellowship programs established in 1989. Types of grants include fellowships, research, and faculty hiring; recipients include American Federation for Aging Research, Salk Institute, Aspira Inc., The Protein Society, WNET/Channel 13, and numerous colleges and universities. Merck also participates in programs with school systems, universities and educational organizations to update science education for teachers through workshops and internships, help school districts revamp their science programs, and prepare students for science careers. Contributions, both large and small, have helped healthcare organziations educate both professionals and the public about disease treatment and prevention. Support for such programs range from an education and research center for the European Society of Cardiology to AIDS service and advocacy groups that are working to educate the public on the prevention and early detection of the disease. ** Medical Outreach Program: Through the Medical Outreach Program, Merck donates products in response to major natural disasters and medical needs in developing countries. The major focus, however, of product donations continued to be the Mectizan Donation Program, now in its eighth year. Since 1987, Merck, in partnership with the Carter Center in Atlanta, GA, has donated Mectizan for the treatment of river blindness. More than 13 million people have received treatment. Merck will continue to donate Mectizan for as long as treatment is needed. As a result of this commitment, there is for the first time the possibility of eradicating river blindness. In 1996, Merck donated more than $125 million in products for humanitarian relief. ** Public Policy: The emphasis is on improving health care delivery, quality, and cost effectiveness. Support also for programs which help shape a business environment supportive of innovative research-intensive companies. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in headquarters city and major operating locations in U.S. and abroad; plants exist in Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, England, France, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Portugal, Scotland, South Wales, and Spain. Program Limitations: No support for political, labor, fraternal, sectarian, or veterans' groups. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for endowments, publications, media productions, elementary or secondary education, scholarships, fellowships, research, conferences, seminars, or symposia, or travel except within established programs. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Contributions Staff: John R. Taylor, Dir., Corp. Contribs.; Shuang Ruy Huang, Mgr., Corp. Contribs.; Brenda D. Colatrella, Mgr., Product Donations Staff: 6 402 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles contributions. Application form not required. Initial approach: Proposal to headquarters (no longer than 2 pages). Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): As required. Final notification: 3 months required for full review and decision. Write: John R. Taylor, Dir., Corp. Contribs. Descriptors: ; Program development; Fellowship funds; Research; Program-related investments/loans; Donated products; Secondary school/education; Higher education; Engineering school/education; Education; Environment; Health care; AIDS; Health organizations; Medical research; AIDS research; Human services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Engineering & technology; Engineering; Science; Government/public administration; Minorities; Canada; Europe; France; Italy; United Kingdom; Portugal; Spain; Germany; Latin America; Mexico; Asia; Japan; Australia; International development; Elementary/secondary education; Science, research; Health organizations, named diseases; Disasters, preparedness & services; International relief; Public policy, research Rockwell International Corporation Contributions Program 2201 Seal Beach Rd., Box 4250 Seal Beach , CA 90740 Purpose and Activities: Rockwell's giving priorities are: 1) Engineering/math/science education at both the K-12 and post secondary levels. At the post secondary levels, major grants are reserved for colleges/universities from which Rockwell has sucessfully recruited, schools whose research programs are of interest, and schools which are sources of lifelong learning for Rockwell employees. Lesser grants are awarded to schools in Rockwell communities. K-12 priorities include programs to improve educational delivery systems, to improve student learning, and to upgrade the capabilites of math and science teachers in Rockwell communities; and 2) Organizations which provide services in communities where Rockwell has facilities and employees. These include a broad range of health, human service, civic, cultural, and United Way organizations. Total Giving: $1,872,469 Grants Amount: $1,360,411 Highest Grant: $5,000 Lowest Grant: $36 Average Grant: 100-5000 In-Kind Amount: $512,058 Grantmaking Programs: ** Civic and Community: Grants are donated to organizations which support community improvement, provide job training and placement, and which concentrate on environmental conservation and ecology. ** Culture and the Arts: Contributions are directed to museums, public radio and television, symphony orchestras, libraries, cultural and performing arts organizations, and theaters for the performing arts, mainly in communities where the company operates. ** Education: The company provides grants to colleges and universities with large research programs as well as schools of interest to Rockwell International and schools from which Rockwell recruits employees. Rockwell also supports organizations which improve elementary and secondary school education in major facility communities. ** Health and Human Services: Company grants focus on hospitals, medical centers, health organizations, community service organizations, and youth groups. Recipients inlcude YMCA, YWCA, United Way, and American Red Cross. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas where company has facilities internationally, 403 including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China/Hong Kong, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Program Limitations: No support for religious organizations for religious purposes or non-501(c)(3) organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Staff: 4 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles giving. Requests from organizations which provide services in communities where Rockwell has a presence should be sent to the manager of the nearest local Rockwell facility. Application form not required. Initial approach: Proposal to nearest company facility. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Monthly. Final notification: 2 months. Write: William R. Fitz Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Building/renovation; Equipment; Endowments; Program development; Conferences/seminars; Curriculum development; Fellowship funds; Scholarship funds; Research; Employee matching gifts; Donated equipment; Donated products; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Engineering school/education; Education; Health care; Health organizations; Human services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; International economic development; Federated giving programs; Mathematics; Engineering & technology; Engineering; Science; Government/public administration; Minorities; Canada; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Mexico; Brazil; China; Japan; Hong Kong; Australia; Community development; Employment; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Secondary school/education; Early childhood education; Youth, services; Hospitals (general); Health associations Research and Development Center of the State of Queretaro A.C. (Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica del Estado de Queretaro) Address: Calz. Del Retablo No. 150 Tel: +52-42-112600 Col. Fovisste Fax: +52-42-155426 Querétaro, Qro. E-mail: [email protected] Home Page: http://www.ciateq.mt/centro/ In-Charge: Contact with WAITRO: Mr. Felipe Rubio Castillo, General Director Assistant History CIATEQ was founded in November 9, 1978. CIATEQ has worked with more than 350 companies all over the country and has exported technology to United States, England, Italy, Argentina. Guatemala and Pakistan. 404 Objectives Helping meeting the requirements of productivity and international competition of Mexican Industry through Innovation, Development and Consulting Technologies Areas of R&D Activities Handle, Dry and Combustion of Granulating Products; Special Machines and Flexible Manufacture Systems; Advanced Material Development; Machinery, Equipment, Processes and Industrial Systems. Facilities and Services Turbomachinery Seminar; Latin-American Turbomachinery Congress Interests in International R&D Co-operation Machinery, Equipment, Processes and Industrial Systems Available Programmes/Opportunities Turbomachinery Seminar; Latin-American Turbomachinery Congress; Emergent Program of Masters and PhD's Institute of Ecology (Instituto de Ecología) Address: Km. 2.5 Carretera Vieja a Coatepec Tel: +52-28-421848 Apdo. Postal 63 Fax: +52-28-187809 Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000 E-mail: [email protected] In-Charge: Dr. Gonzalo Halfeter, Head Contact with WAITRO: Dr. Eugenia Olguin, Head of Environmental Biotechnology Department History The institute of ecology was founded in 1975 and the headquarters has recently moved from Mexico City to Xalapa City to newer and larger facilities. The institute coordinates two regional centers, one in Durango State and the other in Michoacan State Objectives To carry out scientific research and technological development and to offer services of testing, consultancy and information. 405 Areas of R&D Activities To carry out scientific research and technological development and to offer services of testing, consultancy and information. Specialized Fields: Environmental pollution, recycling of wastes, use of un-exploited plants. Interests in International R&D Co-operation To carry out joint projects in any of our fields of interest. Institute of Electrical Research (Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas) Address: Av. Reforma No. 113 Tel: +52-5-2548437/38 62490 Temixco, Mor. Fax: +52-5-2548403 Morelos E-mail: [email protected] In-Charge: Dr. Julian Sánchez Gutiérrez, Executive Director Contact with WAITRO: Planning and Technical Support Division Director, Ing. Fernando Kohrs Aldape History IIE was created by the government in 1975 by presidential decree, as a decentralized organization with legal status and its own patrimony, to perform and promote scientific and technological activities in support of the electrical industry of Mexico. From its activities, a new impulse to solve problems related to the improvement and development of this sector is expected. Objectives To promote and carry out research and development to solve scientific and technological problems related to the improvement and development of the electrical industry. To contribute to the dissemination and implementation of those technologies most suitable for the economic development of the country. To provide consulting services for the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (the National Electric Utility), the electrical manufacturing industry and associated engineering and consulting firms. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest & Specialized fields: Fossil power plants, geothermal energy, hydroelectric power plants, non-conventional energy sources, nuclear power plants, transmission and distribution, electrical equipment, materials, electronic equipment, energy conservation Facilities and Services Technical information, testing, basic engineering, consultancy, training. 406 Interests in International R&D Co-operation All the different fields in which IIE is involved. Available Programmes/Opportunities Training programmes, seminars and workshops. 407 For More Information on Mexico source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/mexico.html http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mx.html CIA World Factbook - Mexico http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/mexico.html U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy's International section - Mexico http://www.osti.gov/international-agreements/country-frame.html U.S. Department of Energy, Bilateral Energy Agreements with Mexico http://www.fe.doe.gov/coal_power/elec_reg/elec_reg.htm U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Electricity Trade http://travel.state.gov/mexico.htmlU.S. State Department's Consular Information Sheet - Mexico http://www.usatrade.gov/website/ForOffices.nsf/WebCCG/MexicoU.S. Dept. of Commerce's Country Commercial Guide - Mexico http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/index.cfm?docid=515 U.S. State Department Background Notes on Mexico http://www.mac.doc.gov/nafta/nafta2.htm U.S. Department ofCommerce NAFTA Home Page http://www.usembassy.org.mx/ U.S. Embassy in Mexico's Home Page http://www.ita.doc.gov/ U.S. International Trade Administration http://www.epa.gov/usmexicoborder/ef.htm Environmental Protection Agency, U.S.-Mexico Border Program http://www.pemex.com/ PEMEX, the state-owned oil company of Mexico http://www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/Mexico/Institute of Latin American Studies Reference Home Page on Mexico 408 http://www.natlaw.com/mexico/topical/energy/energy.htm Mexico Energy information from the National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade http://www.miami.edu/nsc/University of Miami's North-South Center http://www.energia.gob.mx/english/oigasl.htm Investment Opportunities in the Natural Gas Market in Mexico (from the Mexican Energy Ministry) http://solar.nmsu.edu/usaidlap/ Renewable Energy Program 409 Chemically Related Activity Across Sectors – Venezuela 410 National Overview – Venezuela (Source: World Factbook, 1999, 2000) Geography Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 66 00 W Map references: South America, Central America and the Caribbean Area: total: 912,050 sq km land: 882,050 sq km water: 30,000 sq km Area—comparative: slightly more than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total: 4,993 km border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km Coastline: 2,800 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 15 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Terrain: Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Pico Bolivar (La Columna) 5,007 m Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 1% 411 permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 34% other: 41% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 1,900 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: subject to floods, rockslides, mud slides; periodic droughts Environment—current issues: sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast Environment—international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping Geography—note: on major sea and air routes linking North and South America People Population: 23,542,649 (July 2000 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 33% (male 3,967,544; female 3,721,658) 15-64 years: 63% (male 7,406,086; female 7,355,923) 65 years and over: 4% (male 499,102; female 592,336) (2000 est.) Population growth rate: 1.6% (2000 est.) Birth rate: 21.09 births/1,000 population (2000 est.) Death rate: 4.94 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.) Net migration rate: -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2000 est.) Infant mortality rate: 26.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) Life expectancy at birth: 412 total population: 73.07 years male: 70.05 years female: 76.31 years (2000 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.51 children born/woman (2000 est.) Nationality: noun: Venezuelan(s) adjective: Venezuelan Ethnic groups: mestizo 67%, white 21%, black 10%, Amerindian 2% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2% Languages: Spanish (official), native dialects spoken by about 200,000 Amerindians in the remote interior Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.1% male: 91.8% female: 90.3% (1995 est.) Government Country name: Republic of Venezuela conventional short form: Venezuela local long form: Republica de Venezuela local short form: Venezuela Data code: VE Government type: republic National capital: Caracas Administrative divisions: 22 states (estados, singular—estado),1 federal district* (distrito federal), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales**, Distrito Federal*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands 413 Independence: 5 July 1811 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July (1811) Constitution: 23 January 1961 Legal system: based on Napoleonic code; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 6 December 1998 (next to be held 28 May 2000 under new constitution) election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias elected president; percent of vote - 57% note: government coalition - Patriotic Pole or Polo Patriotico consists of MVR, MAS, and PPT Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional; under the 1999 constitution, the bicameral Congress of the Republic has been replaced by a unicameral National Assembly; the total number of seats in the new National Assembly has not yet been determined, but members will be elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; three seats will be reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela International organization participation: AG, Caricom (observer), CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G- 3, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MINUGUA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Alfredo TORO Hardy chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214 FAX: [1] (202) 342-6820 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, 414 and San Juan (Puerto Rico) Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador John Francis MAISTO embassy: Calle F con Calle Suapure, Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1060 mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037 telephone: [58] (2) 975-6411 FAX: [58] (2) 975-6710 Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band Economy Economy - overview: Venezuelan officials estimate the economy contracted 7.2% in 1999. A steep downturn in international oil prices during the first half of the year fueled the recession, and spurred the CHAVEZ administration to abide by OPEC-led production cuts in an effort to raise world oil prices. The petroleum sector dominates the economy, accounting for roughly a third of GDP, around 80% of export earnings, and more than half of government operating revenues. Higher oil prices during the second half 1999 took pressure off the budget and currency; the bolivar is widely believed to be overvalued by as much as 50%. Despite higher oil prices, the economy remains in the doldrums, possibly due to investor uncertainty over President CHAVEZ's reform agenda. Implementing legislation for the new constitution will not be passed until the second half of 2000, after a new legislature is elected. With the president's economic cabinet attempting to reconcile a wide range of views, the country's economic reform program has largely stalled. The government is seeking international assistance to finance reconstruction after massive flooding and landslides in December 1999 caused an estimated $15 billion to $20 billion in damage. GDP: purchasing power parity - $182.8 billion (1999 est.) GDP - real growth rate: -7.2% (1999 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $8,000 (1999 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 4% industry: 63% services: 33% (1997 est.) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 38% (1997) Labor force: 9.9 million (1999) by occupation: services 64%, industry 23%, agriculture 13% (1997 est.) Unemployment rate: 11.5% (1997 est.) Budget: 415 Unemployment rate: 18% (1999 est.) Budget: revenues: $26.4 billion expenditures: $27 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) Industries: petroleum, iron ore mining, construction materials, food processing, textiles, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly Industrial production growth rate: 0.5% (1995 est.) Electricity - production: 70.39 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 25.46% hydro: 74.54% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1998) Electricity - consumption: 65.463 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998) Agriculture - products: corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish Exports: $20.9 billion (f.o.b., 1999) Exports - commodities: petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures (1998) Exports - partners: US and Puerto Rico 57%, Colombia, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Netherlands, Italy (1999) Imports: $11.8 billion (f.o.b., 1999) Imports - commodities: raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials (1999) Imports - partners: US 53%, Japan, Colombia, Italy, Germany, France, Brazil, Canada (1999) Debt - external: $32 billion (1999) 416 Economic aid - recipient: $35 million with more assistance likely as a result of flooding (1999) Currency: 1 bolivar (Bs) = 100 centimos Exchange rates: bolivares (Bs) per US$1 - 652.333 (January 2000), 605.717 (1999), 547.556 (1998), 488.635 (1997), 417.333 (1996), 176.843 (1995) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones - main lines in use: 2.6 million (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2 million (1998) Telephone system: modern and expanding domestic: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national inter-urban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services international: 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network Radio broadcast stations: AM 201, FM NA (20 in Caracas), shortwave 11 (1998) Radios: 10.75 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997) Televisions: 4.1 million (1997) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 11 (1999) Transportation Railways: total: 584 km (248 km privately owned) standard gauge: 584 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 96,155 km paved: 32,308 km unpaved: 63,847 km (1997 est.) Waterways: 7,100 km; Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels 417 Pipelines: crude oil 6,370 km; petroleum products 480 km; natural gas 4,010 km Ports and harbors: Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Ordaz, Puerto Sucre, Punta Cardon Merchant marine: total: 34 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 488,584 GRT/888,764 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 10, combination bulk 1, liquified gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, roll-on/roll-off 7, short-sea passenger 1 (1999 est.) Airports: 366 (1999 est.) Airports - with paved runways: total: 122 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 32 914 to 1,523 m: 58 under 914 m: 17 (1999 est.) Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 244 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 93 under 914 m: 141 (1999 est.) Heliports: 1 (1999 est.) Military Military branches: National Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales or FAN) includes Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional) Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 6,398,169 (2000 est.) Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 4,612,754 (2000 est.) Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 244,350 (2000 est.) 418 Military expenditures - dollar figure: $934 million (FY99) Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 0.9% (FY99) Internet in Venezuela: Basic Statistics (1998/1999) Internet Hosts 1999: 7,912 Personal Computers per 1000 Inhabitants: 21.1 Telephones per 1000 Inhabitants:117 Television per 1000 Inhabitants:180 Newspapers per 1000 Inhabitants: 215 Illiteracy Rate: 9 % Transnational Issues Disputes—international: claims all of Guyana west of the Essequibo River; maritime boundary dispute with Colombia in the Gulf of Venezuela Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, opium, and coca leaf for the international drug trade on a small scale; however, large quantities of cocaine and heroin transit the country from Colombia; important money-laundering hub; active eradication program primarily targeting opium 419 U.S. and Country Contacts – Venezuela (Source: International Trade Administration, 1999, 2000) VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria (Ministry of Agriculture) Av. Lecuna, Torre Este Piso 14, Parque Central Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-599-0445/49 Fax: 58-2-574-7305 Ministerio de Hacienda (Ministry of Finance) Edificio Centro Simon Bolivar Torre Norte, Piso 6 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-483-1380/483-5462 Fax: 58-2-415-771 Ministerio de la Defensa (Ministry of Defense) Fuente Tiuna, Conejo Blanco, El Valle Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-607-1546/1551 Fax: 58-2-483-8552 Ministerio del Trabajo y Desarrollo Social (Ministry of Labor and Social Development) Torre Sur, Piso 5 Edf. Centro Simon Bolivar Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-483-1881/418-617 Fax: 58-2-483-5940 Ministerio de Energia y Minas (Ministry of Energy and Mines) Av. Lecuna, Torre Oeste, Piso 14 Parque Central Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-507-6401/575-4853 Fax: 58-2-575-4386 Ministerio de Fomento (Ministry of Development) Centro Simon Bolivar, Torre Norte, Piso 5 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-483-2124/422-371 Fax: 58-2-483-8552/422-2526 420 COVENIN (Venezuelan Standards Agency) Director de Seguimiento y Control Servicio Autonomo Direccion de Normalizacion y Certificacion de Calidad Ave. Andres Bello Edif. Torre Fondocomun, Piso 12 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-575-4111 (ext 235) or 576-37-01 Fax: 58-2-574-13-12 or 576-37-01 Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones (Ministry of Transportation and Communications) Av. Lecuna, Torre Oeste, Piso 51 Parque Central Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-509-1004/1002 Fax: 58-2-574-3043 Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables (Ministry of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) Edf. Centro Simon Bolivar Torre Sur, Piso 18 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-408-1001/412/162 Fax: 58-2-483-2445 Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano (Ministry of Urban Development) Av. Lecuna, Torre Oeste, Piso 51 Parque Central Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-574-5349/8649 Fax: 58-2-574-9989 Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social (Ministry of Health and Social Assistance) Edf. Centro Simon Bolivar Torre Norte, Piso 8 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-414-342/412-686 Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales (IVSS) (Venezuelan Institute for Social Security) Edf. Sede IVSS 421 Piso 9, Esquina de Altagracia Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-822-511/255 Fondo de Inversiones de Venezuela (FIV) (Venezuelan Investment Fund) Esquina de Carmelitas, Torre Financiera del Banco de Venezuela Piso 20, Av. Urdaneta Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-829-811/819-324 Fax: 58-2-634-689/561-4768 (Government entity in charge of privatization) Instituto de Comercio Exterior (ICE) (Foreign Trade Institute) Avenida Libertador - Sector La Florida Centro Comercial Los Cedros - Penthouse Caracas 1050, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-762-3810/1118/3082 Fax: 58-2-762-3885/716-061 Banco Central de Venezuela Esq. de Carmelitas Apartado Postal 2017, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-801-5111 Fax: 58-2-861-0084/818-872 Oficina Central de Estadistica e Informatica (OCEI) (Central Statistics and Informatics Office) Avenida Boyaca, Edificio Fundacion La Salle Mariperez Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-782-1133 Fax: 58-2-782-2243 Comision Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (CONATEL) (National Telecommunications Commission) Calle Veracruz con Cali, Edif. MTC, Las Mercedes Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-926-611/926-333 Fax: 58-2-927-780 Corporacion Venezolana de Turismo (CORPOTURISMO) (Venezuelan Tourism Corporation) 422 Torre Oeste, Piso 37 Parque Central Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-574-1268/573-6408 Fax: 58-2-573-8983 Oficina Central de Coordinacion y Planificacion de la Presidencia de la Republica (CORDIPLAN) (Planning and Coordination Office of the Presidency) Parque Central, Torre Oeste Caracas 1010 - Venezuela Tel: 58-2-573-1819 Fax: 58-2-573-6098 MAJOR STATE ENTERPRISES Base Metals Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana (CVG) Guayana Development Corporation Av. La Estancia, Edf. General de Seguros Piso 2, Chuao Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-913-080/913-120 Fax: 919-955/913-908 Procurement Office in U.S.: 7205 NW 19th Street, Miami, FL 33126 Tel: 305-470-8100 Petroleum Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA) Edif. Petroleos de Venezuela Torre Este, Av. Libertador La Campina, Caracas, Venezuela Apto. Postal 169 Caracas 1010-A Tel: 58-2-708-4111 Fax: 58-2-708-4661/4662 Procurement Office in U.S.: 11490 Westheimer, Suite 1000, Houston, TX 77077 Tel: 713-531-0004/588-6960 423 STOCK EXCHANGE Bolsa de Valores de Caracas Calle Sorocaima, Edif. Atrium, P.B. El Rosal Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-905-5704/05 Fax: 58-2-952-2640 Bolsa de Valores de Maracaibo Calle 96 Esquina Ave. 5 Edif. Banco Central de Venezuela, Piso 9 Maracaibo 4001, Edo. Zulia, Venezuela Tel: 58-61-226-833/977/966 Fax: 58-2-225-484 Bolsa Electronica de Valores de Venezuela Avda. Principal de los Ruices Centro Empresarial Autana, Piso 2-A Tel: 58-2-239-8433 Fax:58-2-237-7949 COMMERCIAL/PROMOTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND CHAMBERS In Venezuela: General Camara Venezolano-Americana de Comercio e Industria (VENAMCHAM) (Venezuelan-American Chamber of Commerce) Torre Credival - Piso 10 - Oficina A Segunda Av. de Campo Alegre Caracas 1060, Venezuela Apartado Postal 5181 (Caracas 1010-A) Tel: 58-2-263-0833/267-2076 Fax: 58-2-265-0764 Federacion Venezolana de Camaras y Asociaciones de Comercio y Produccion (FEDECAMARAS) (Venezuelan Federation of Chambers and Associations) Av. El Empalme Edf. Fedecamaras - Penthouse Urb. El Bosque 424 Caracas 1050, Venezuela Apartado Correos 2568 (Caracas 1010-A) Tel: 58-2-731-1711/1713/1845 Fax: 58-2-742-097 Consejo Venezolano de la Industria (CONINDUSTRIA) (Venezuelan Industry Council) Esq. Puente Anauco Edf. Camara de Industriales Mezzanina La Candelaria Caracas 1011, Venezuela Apartado Postal 14255 (Caracas 1011, Venezuela) Tel: 58-2-573-0222 Fax: 58-2-571-5491 Consejo Nacional de Promocion de Inversiones (CONAPRI) (National Council for Investment Promotion) Avenida Francisco de Miranda Centro Empresarial Parque del Este, Piso 12 La Carlota Caracas, Venezuela Apartado Postal 60572 (Caracas 1060-A, Venezuela) Tel: 58-2-237-9380/237-9338 Fax: 58-2-237-9883 Automotive Camara de Fabricantes Venezolanos de Productos Automotores (FAVENPA) Esquna Puente Anauco Edf. Camara de Industriales, Piso 7, Oficina A La Candelaria Caracas 1011, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-571-3698/5091/4121 Fax: 58-2-573-4221 Camara Nacional de Importadores y Distribuidores de Repuestos Automotores (CANIDRA) Avenida Este 2, No. 215 Edif. Camara de Comercio de Caracas, Piso 8 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-571-0265/0122 575-3361/3068/3343 Fax: 58-2-571-2824 Agriculture 425 Confederacion Nacional de Asociaciones de Productores Agropecuarios (FEDEAGRO) (National Confederation of Agricultural Producers) Edf. Casa de Italia, P.B. Av. La Industria San Bernardino Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-571-4035 Fax: 58-2-573-4423 Banking Asociacion Bancaria de Venezuela (Venezuelan Banking Association) Avenida Venezuela Torre Asociacion Bancaria de Venezuela, Piso 1 El Rosal Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-951-4711 Fax: 58-2-951-4927/951-2534 Communications Consejo Nacional de Informatica, Telecomunicaciones y Electronica (CONINTEL) Avenida Francisco de Miranda Edif. Centro Peru, Piso 4, Ofic. 43 Chacao Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-265-5226/8057 Fax: 58-2-265-5226 Camara Nacional de Empresas de Telecomunicaciones y Afines (CANAEMTE) Ave. Francisco de Miranda Edif. Canaima, Piso 2, Ofic. 1 Chacaito Caracas 1050, Venezuela Apartado 62021, Caracas 1050-A, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-951-3505 Fax: 58-2-952-8851 Computer Hardware and Software 426 Camara Venezolana de Empresas de Informatica (CAVEDATOS) (Venezuelan Association of Hardware and Software) Avenida Sucre Centro Parque Boyaca, Torre Centro, Piso 19, Oficina 192 Los Dos Caminos Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-285-6520/5511 Fax: 58-2-285-5511 Instituto Venezolano del Software (INVESOFT) (Venezuelan Software Institute) Av. La Estancia Centro Banaven (Cubo Negro) Torre A, Piso 1 Ofic. A-13-2 Chuao Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-91-70-93 Fax: 58-2-91-15-81 Consultants Camara Venezolana de Empresas Consultoras Av. Libertador, Fte. a Clinica Santiago de Leon, Edf. Majestic Piso 3, Oficina 31 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-762-2658/2383 Fax: 58-2-762-2383 Construction Camara Venezolana de la Construccion Calle Villaflor Edf. Centro Profesional del Este, P.H. Oficina 132/133, Sabana Grande Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-761-4011/4012; 762-7259 Fax: 58-2-762-7258 Colegio de Arquitectos de Venezuela Av. Colegio de Arquitectos La Urbina Norte Caracas, Venezuela Tel/Fax: 58-2-241-3143 427 Colegio de Ingenieros de Venezuela Boulevard Amador Bendayan Los Caobos Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-571-3255/3122 Fax: 58-2-574-4683 Department Stores/Supermarkets Asociacion Venezolana de Tiendas por Departamento (ATIDE) c/o SELEMAR Edif. Selemar, Piso 1 Boulevard de Sabana Grande Caracas 1050, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-715-147/283-5770/284-4782 Fax: 58-2-762-9185 - 284-4782 Asociacion de Supermercados y Afines (ANSA) Ave. Principal de los Ruices Centro Empresarial Los Ruices Piso 1, Ofic. 116 Caracas 1071, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-234-4490/235-7558 Fax: 58-2-238-0308 Electricity Camara Venezolana de la Industria Electrica (CAVEINEL) Ave. Francisco de Miranda con Calle Elice Torre Cemica, Piso 5 Chacao Caracas 1060, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-264-0203/1192/1592 Fax: 58-2-264-0266/0939 Food/Food Processing Camara Venezolana de la Industria de Alimentos (CAVIDEA) Av. Principal de Los Ruices Centro Empresarial Piso 5, Of. 510 Los Ruices Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-239-9818/0918 Fax: 58-2-238-3268 428 Household/Electrical Appliances Camara Venezolana de Fabricantes de Artefactos Domesticos, Industrialse, Electricos y Electronicos (CAFADAE) Ave. Este 6 Puente Victoria a no Pastor Edif. Centro Parque Carabobo Torre A, Piso 3, Ofic. 309 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-575-2619/4878 Fax: 58-2-576-2617 Hotels Asociacion Nacional de Hoteles de Venezuela (ANAHOVEN) Parque Central Edif. San Martin Nivel Oficina 2, Ofc. 201 Caracas 1010 - Venezuela Tel: 58-2-574-5672/3994/5494 Fax: 58-2-574-4094 Medical Asociacion Venezolana de Distribuidores de Equipos Medicos, Odontologicos, de Laboratorios y Afines (AVEDEM) Av. Francisco de Miranda Edif. Centro Seguros La Paz Piso 4, Of. Norte 41-A La California Norte Caracas 1060, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-237-3986/237-4873 Fax: 58-2-237-0517/237-2923 Metal Working and Mining Asociacion de Industriales Metalurgicos y de Mineria de Venezuela (AIMM) Edif. Camara de Industriales, Piso 9 Esq. Puente Anauco Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-571-4210 Fax: 58-2-575-0186 Petroleum Camara Petrolera 429 Centro Ejecutivo La Piramide Piso 4, Ofic. 408 Prados del Este Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-979-2331/1631 Fax: 58-2-979-9202 Plastics AVIPLA (Venezuelan Association of Plastic Industries) Av. Principal de Macaracuay, Edif. Multicentro Macaracuay Piso 7, Ofic. 9 Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-256-3345/1632 Fax: 58-2-256-2867 Pulp/Paper Asociacion Venezolana de Productores de Pulpa Papel y Carton (APROPACA) Avenida Romulo Gallegos Edif. Johnson & Johnson, Piso 2, Ofic. 2-B Los Dos Caminos Caracas, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-234-3130 to 34 Fax: 58-2-234-6542 Safety/Security Camara Nacional de la Industria de Seguridad Ave. Francisco de Miranda Edif. Galerias Miranda, Piso 1, Ofic. 103 Chacao, Caracas 1060, Venezuela Tel: 58-2-261-1222 Fax: 58-2-265-8963 U.S. EMBASSY TRADE PERSONNEL U.S. Embassy Calle F con Calle Suapure Colinas de Valle Arriba Caracas, Venezuela Eric Sletten, Senior Commercial Officer Mailing Address from U.S.: 430 American Embassy - Commercial Unit 4958 APO AA 34037 Tel: 58-2-977-2011 ext. 2315 Fax: 58-2-977-2177 Larry Senger, Agricultural Counselor Mailing Address from U.S.: American Embassy - Agr Unit 4940 APO AA 34037 Tel: 58-2-977 0015 / 2229 Fax: 58-2-977 1689 U.S. GOVERNMENT CONTACTS IN WASHINGTON, D.C. Thomas Welch Desk Officer for Venezuela Office of Latin America U.S. Department of Commerce Room 3025 14th Street & Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20230 Tel: 202-482-4303 Fax: 202-482-0464 Janet Thomas, Acting Director Multilateral Development Bank Office U.S. Department of Commerce 14th Street & Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. Tel: 202-482-3399 Fax: 202-482-5179 Trade Information Center Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee (Access to information on all U.S. Government export assitance programs) Tel: 800-USA-TRADE (872-8723) 431 Foreign Agricultural Service Trade Assistance and Promotion Office U.S. Department of Agriculture Tel: 202-720-7420 432 Chemically Related Trade and Industry – Venezuela (Source: Chemical Industry Notes, 1999, 2000, 2001) Highlights ♦ Venezuela currently ranks as the world's fifth largest oil producer. ♦ Venezuela’s chemical trade deficit almost doubled in 1998: in 1997 it was US$373 million; in 1998 US$736 million. The deficit is attributed to insufficient water and electricity supply, high taxes and inflation and an overvalued currency. ♦ At present, Venezuela’s chemicals and petrochemicals industry comprises about 400 companies, with more than 30,000 direct employees and 1997 sales of US$32 billion. ♦ In 1998, Venezuela produced 7.2 million tons of petrochemicals. PdVSA aims to double its output of petrochemicals by 2006, and to open the sector further to foreign investment. ♦ In 2000,Venezuela produced an estimated 3.1 million barrels per day (bbl/d). Venezuela exported about 2.6 million bbl/d, of which about 1.5 million bbl/d went to the United States, about 58% of net Venezuelan exports. 433 U.S. Trade by Commodity with Venezuela (Millions of Dollars; Total Exports, F.a.s. and SITC rev 3 Commodity 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 ______EXPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 328 360 375 390 350 341 1Beverages And Tobacco 243524 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 326 255 308 193 118 144 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related Materials 120 104 178 88 52 118 4 Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And Waxes 57 27 37 38 37 27 5 Chemicals And Related Products 708 644 646 722 598 789 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material 433 425 549 541 415 464 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 2,306 2,559 3,954 3,916 3,261 3,057 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 247 254 405 452 390 456 9 Commodities & Transactions Not Classified Elsewher 115 110 152 175 150 152 . TOTAL 4,641 4,741 6,607 6,520 5,373 5,552 Chemical Commodoties in Top 20 Exports 516 Organic Chemicals 51 54 40 145 98 598 Miscellaneous Chemical Products 86 55 68 55 59 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 ______IMPORTS ______0 Food And Live Animals 99 164 156 127 208 216 1Beverages And Tobacco 458667 2 Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels 216 233 215 167 164 160 3 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants And Related Materials 8,226 11,255 11,789 7,781 9,610 16,695 4Animal And Vegetable Oils, Fats And Waxes 211010 5 Chemicals And Related Products 249 233 265 178 200 362 6 Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly By Material 666 735 762 692 712 765 7 Machinery And Transport Equipment 144 157 167 195 209 256 8 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 36 35 36 38 39 41 9 Commodities & Transactions Not Classified Elsewher 69 84 50 97 121 146 . TOTAL 9,711 12,903 13,448 9,282 11,269 18,648 Chemical Commodities in Top 20 Imports 516 Organic Chemicals 132 153 137 94 99 512 Alcohols, Phenols & Halogenated Derivatives 58 41 83 44 58 434 Chemically Related Industry Company Case Studies – Venezuela (Source: www.cosmos.com.mx and corporate websites, 1999, 2000, 2001) The Ministry of Energy and Mines is the owner and sole shareholder of Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA). PdVSA is a holding company with 3 companies: PDV Manufacturing and Marketing; PDV Exploration and Production; and PDV Services; and several subsidiaries, including: Bitor, Interven, and Pequiven (manage Orimulsion production and distribution, PdVSA's foreign operations, and the petrochemical industry, respectively). Electricidad de Caracas, private utility serving greater Caracas, with about 10% of the nation's capacity; Electrificacíon de Caroní, state-owned electricity company, with about 50% of capacity. PdVSA is operated by a presidentially appointed, seven-man board of directors, three of whom are retired or active military officers. Pequiven, Av. Francisco de Miranda c/calle San Ignacio de Loyola, Chacao, Caracas 1060-A, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela P.O. Box 2066 Tel.: +(582) 201-3011 / 201-4111 Fax: +(582) 201-3189 Pequiven, Venezuela’s state petrochemical company, account for about half of the revenue for the entire petrochemical sector in the country. Pequiven and its joint ventures' production cover over 40 lines, including basic raw materials, intermediate products, and finished goods for the end consumer, including production of Olefins and Plastics(1.797 million metric tons in 1997): Caustic soda, Chlorine, Ethylene, Ethylene dichloride, High density polyethylene, Linear low density polyethylene, Low density polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinyl chloride,Propylene, Vinil Chloride; Fertilizers (2.728 million metric tons in 1997): Ammonia, Ammonium sulphate, Caprolactam, Diammonium phosphate, NPK granulates, Oleum, Phosphate rock, Sulphuric acid, Urea; Industrial Products (249,000 metric tons in 1997): Alkyl benzenes, Benzene/ Toluene/ Orthoxylene, Chloro- fluoro- methanes, Ethylene glycols, Ethylene oxide, Methanol, Methyl-ter- butyl-ether Phtalicanhydride, Propylene tetramer/trimer, Sodium polyphos- phates, Sodium tripolyphos-phate. In July Petróleos de Venezuela’s (PDVSA) petrochemical arm Pequiven appointed Aires Barreto as a director of the company. Barreto graduated in chemistry at the University of Bombay, India in 1963 and as a chemical engineer at Spain’s Instituto Químico Sarría in 1966. Propileno de Falcón Profalca, C.A. (Profalca) The International Finance Corporation has signed an agreement to lend US$47 million to a new Venezuelan company, Propileno de Falcón Profalca, C.A. (Profalca). The project will provide the Venezuelan petrochemicals industry with a value-added product for sale primarily to regional industrial consumers. 435 IFC's investment will be used to build and operate a new facility to produce up to 140,000 metric tonnes per annum of polymer grade propylene. Propylene is an intermediate product, which is used for production of polypropylene, a type of plastic used extensively in consumer and chemical products. The plant is located on an existing industrial site where the bulk of raw material and all utilities are available. The project's shareholders are Productos Especiales Proesca, C.A. (Proesca), a wholly owned subsidiary of Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), Venezuela's national oil company; Koch Petroleum Corporation; Empresas Polar (Polar), Venezuela's largest privately held industrial group; and Inelectra, Venezuela's largest engineering and construction company. Other Selected Chemical and Related Product Companies – Venezuela Adgovenca Av. Francisco de Miranda Edif. Centro Plaza Torre C, Piso 15, Of. 15-F Caracas Tel: (58-2)283-2898, 284-0035 Fax: (58-2)98-0698, 286-1827 Producto(s): Pegamento Aditivos Orinoco, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Bco. del Orinoco P. 12, La Floresta Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-2133, 209-4911 Fax: (58-2)285-2079 Producto(s): Mejoradores del Indice de Viscosidad, Dispersantes y Paquetes de Aditivos, (Mezclas) Baker Químicas de Venezuela, S.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Centro Plaza, P. 11 Torre A, Los Palos Grandes Caracas 436 Tel: (58-2)285-6612, 7110, 8412, 9423 Fax: (58-2)285-6223 Producto(s): Resinas y Plastificantes Banco del Caribe, S.A.C.A. Doctor Paul A. Salvador de León Edf. Banco del Caribe, Piso 3 Caracas Tel: (58-2)562-5667, 505-5174 Fax: (58-2)505-5181 Banco Provincial, S.A.I.C.A., S.A.C.A. Centro Financiero Provincial Av. Este o San Bernardino, P. 24 Caracas Tel: (58-2)504-4458, 6899, 574-5611 Fax: (58-2)504-5405 Barnix, S.A. Av. Ppal. de los Ruices Edf. Oficentro, PB-B Caracas Tel: (58-2)237-1190, 2684, 1955 Fax: (58-2)237-4758 Producto(s): Barnices Sanitarios y Dielectricos, Resinas y Pinturas en General Basf Venezolana, S.A. Multicentro Macaracuay, Piso 11 Av. Ppal. de Macaracuay Caracas Tel: (58-2)256-0011 Fax: (582-2)256-3379, 0580 Producto(s): Resinas y Auxiliares para Textil, Cuero, Pintura, Papel, etc. Bayer de Venezuela, S.A. Av. Tamanaco, Torre Bayer El Rosal Caracas Tel: (58-2)905-2111 Fax: (58-2)951-4825, 7472 Producto(s): Químicos, Farmacéuticos, Veterinarios y Agricolas, Consumo Masivo, Fibras, 437 Anilinas Betz de Venezuela, C.A. C.C. Patio Trigal, Ofc. 1-A-12, Av. Mañongo Urb. Trigal Norte Valencia, Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-2)42-3763, 8724 Fax: (58-2)42-7389 Producto(s): Comercializar Productos Químicos, Equipos y Servicios Relacionados Biofarmo, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Ctro. Peru, Torre A, Piso 2, Ofic. 28 Chacao, Caracas Tel: (58-2)266-0824 Fax: (58-2)263-6614 Producto(s): Enzimas C.A. Lubricantes Químicos L.Q. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Pque. Cristal, T. Oeste, P. 2, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)284-3430 Producto(s): Aditivos para Lubricantes C.A. Nacional de Grasas Lubricantes Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Orinoco, Piso 12, La Floresta Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-4036, 5060 Fax: (58-2)285-5313 Producto(s): Grasas y Aceites Lubricantes, Productos Especiales C.A. Ron Santa Teresa Centro Uslar, T. Oficinas P. 16, Of. 142 y 143 Urb. Montalban, La Vega Caracas 438 Tel: (58-2)442-0511 Fax: (58-2)442-8314 Producto(s): Alcohol Etílico C.A. Venezolana de Pinturas Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Pque. Cristal, T. Oeste, P. 2, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)285-0061 Producto(s): Pinturas, Barnices, Esmaltes, Solventes Calgon Interamerican, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Menegrande, P. 5, Ala Norte Of. 8, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0135 Fax: (58-2)285-0168 Producto(s): Productos y Servicios para el Tratamiento de Aguas Cam Corporation American Minerals, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Torre Parque Cristal Mezzanina Comercial # 1, Locales 29-30 Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0513, 1411 Fax: (58-2)285-3458 Producto(s): Talco para uso Cosmetico, Talco para uso Industrial, Talco Micronizado Cavenpi, C.A. Venezolana de Pigmentos Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Parque Cristal Torre Oeste, Piso 2 Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)284-3430 Producto(s): Pigmentos Orgánicos e Inorgánicos Cavim, C.A. Venezolana de Industriales Militares 439 Calle Jalisco, Edf. Cavim Urb. Las Mercedes Caracas Tel: (58-2)993-3526, 4378 Fax: (58-2)993-2006, 993-0026 Producto(s): Nitroglicerina, Dinamitas, Nitrocelulosa, Trinitrotolueno Champion Tecnologías, C.A. Calle 146, Av. 62 Frente al Cuerpo de Bomberos Zona Ind. Parcela 814 Maracaibo Tel: (58-61)36-3751, 36-0098 Fax: (58-61)36-0098 Producto(s): Demulsificadores, Microbicidas, Anticorrosivo, Antiespumante, Dispersantes, Antiincrustantes, otros Colgate Palmolive, C.A. Av. Ppal. los Ruices Edf. Centro Colgate Torre Norte, P. 4 Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-0611, 0155 Fax: (58-2)239-0077 Producto(s): Productos de Consumo Masivo, Detergentes, Limpiadores Domésticos, Cremas Dentales, Jabones de Tocador Colofonia y Trementina Nacional, C.A. Torre Bazar Bolívar Piso 5, Oficina 503 La California Norte Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-8776, 4575 Fax: (58-2)238-2697 Producto(s): Colofonia y Trementina Comercializadora Polychem, S.A. Av. Principal de los Ruices Ed. Oficentro, Los Ruices, PB, Of. B Caracas Tel: (58-2)237-1190, 238-1955 440 Fax: (58-2)237-4758 Producto(s): Comercializadora de Aditivos para la Industria de PVC Copacking de Venezuela, C.A. 3era. Av. Las Delicias de Sabana Grande Edif. Las Delicias, Piso 2-3 Caracas Tel: (58-2)761-9871 al 75 Fax: (58-2)905-3940 Producto(s): Limpiadores, Desinfectantes, Detergentes Líquidos, Suavizantes Corporación Inkem, C.A. Centro Altamira, Piso 4 Av. San Juan Bosco, Urb. Altamira Caracas Tel: (58-2)265-1114, 261-3319 Fax: (58-2)261-3933 Producto(s): Aceites para Tintas, para Laminación, Solventes Alifáticos y Aceites para Lodos de Perforación Couttenye & Co., S.A. Km. 13 Carretera Panamericana Sector Industrial las Minas Edo. Miranda Tel: (58-32)72-3773, 72-0611 Fax: (58-32)72-3261 Producto(s): Pegamentos, Resinas, Pinturas y Envases de Hojalata Dalca Urb. Ind. El Recreo Flor Amarillo Parcela 103-B Valencia, Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-41)37-9022 Fax: (58-41)37-9603, 37-9991 Producto(s): Thinner Diversey Venezuela, C.A. Av. Princ. Colinas de B. Monte Edif. Oficentro, Piso 5, Bello Monte Caracas Tel: (58-2)752-0055 441 Fax: (58-2)751-0197 Producto(s): Acido Sulfúrico, Alquil Aril Sulfonato de Sodio, Metasilicato, Detergentes Industriales, Bactericidas Dow Corning de Venezuela, S.A. 1ra. Trans., Av. Principal la Castellana Edif. Banco Lara, Piso 10, La Castellana Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-2155, 267-2522 Fax: (58-2)261-4205 Producto(s): Siliconas Dow Venezuela, C.A. Av. Principal la Castellana Edif. Banco Lara, Piso 10, La Castellana Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-2155, 265-3371 Fax: (58-2)261-0725 Producto(s): Latex (Emulsiones) Du Pont de Venezuela, C.A. Calle La Guairita Edif. Los Frailes, Piso 1, Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)92-6022 Fax: (58-2)92-9442 Producto(s): Resinas, Pinturas, Productos Químicos, Reactivos Químicos Eastman Chemical, Ltd. Av. Venezuela, Torre Mariana Piso 4, El Rosal Caracas Tel: (58-2)953-9335, 952-5595 Fax: (58-2)951-7461, 952-7549 Producto(s): Representantes, Prod. Ind. de Recubrimiento, Plástico, Textil, Cosmética Eka Nobel de Venezuela, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Parq. Cristal, Torre Oeste Piso 1, Of. 1-4, Los Palos Grandes Caracas 442 Tel: (58-2)283-6180, 285-0116 Fax: (58-2)283-8734 Producto(s): Peróxido de Hidrógeno Elf Atochem de Venezuela, S.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Pque. Cristal, Torre Este Piso 3, Ofc. 3-11-B, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-5468, 284-2046 Fax: (58-2)285-2329 Producto(s): Representación de negocios en el área de productos químicos Epoxiquim, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Pque. Cristal, Torre Oeste Piso 2, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)284-3430 Producto(s): Resinas Epóxicas Estireno del Zulia, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Torre Bazar Bolívar, Piso 10, El Marques Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-1691 Fax: (58-2)235-0894 Producto(s): Poliestireno y Abs. (Acrilonitrilo Butadieno Estireno) y Poliestireno Expandible Etoxyl, C.A. Calle Mohedano, Torre Hener Piso 3, Ofc. 3-A, El Rosal Caracas Tel: (58-2)953-8222 Fax: (58-2)953-7712 Producto(s): Polioles, Tensoactivos no Iónicos y Alcoholes Grasos Etoxilados, Emulsificantes, Polipropilenglicol Exxon Chemical Venezuela, C.A. 443 Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Pque. Cristal, Torre Este Piso 4, Of. 9/10, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)283-2133 Fax: (58-2)285-8291 Producto(s): Demulsificantes Ferro Aluminio, C.A., Ferralca Av. Rómulo Gallegos, Torre K.L.M. Piso 7, Oficina 7A-7B, Santa Eduvigis Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-2538 Fax: (58-2)284-6656 Producto(s): Sulfato de Aluminio Ferro de Venezuela, C.A. Ferrovenca Carretera Nacional Sect. Los Guayos Guacara Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-45)71-5028 Fax: (58-45)71-8158 Producto(s): Fritas Cerámicas, Lámina, Esmaltes Cerámicos, Colores para Vidrio, Colores Calcinados, Masterbatch Fosfatos Industriales, C.A. Calle 60, No. 3G-11 Edf. Las Mercedes Maracaibo, Edo. Zulia Tel: (58-61)91-2803 Fax: (58-61)91-2954 Producto(s): Fosfato de Calcio Fosforera Maracay, C.A. Av. Maracay, Zona Ind. San Vicente Maracay, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-43)53-7120, 53-6520 Fax: (58-43)472-4713 Producto(s): Fósforos Fosforera Suramericana, C.A. 444 Av. Intercomunal de Antimano, Carapa Edf. Fosforera Venezolana Caracas Tel: (58-2)406-3111 Fax: (58-2)472-4715 Producto(s): Fósforos Fotoprocesos de Venezuela, C.A. Urb. Ind. Cloris, Av. Este 1 Edf. Fotoprocesos de Venezuela Guarenas, Edo. de Miranda Tel: (58-36)22-8092 Fax: (58-36)93-7694 Producto(s): Productos Químicos para Procesos Fotográficos, Radiográficos y Artes Gráficas Glassven, C.A. Calle Las Rosas Urb. Ind. Soco. Nro. 24 La Victoria, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-44)21-0579 Fax: (58-44)22-3607 Producto(s): Silicato de Sodio, Sílica Precipitada, Metasilicato de Sodio Grace Venezuela, S.A. Av. La Estancia, C.C.C. Tamanaco, Torre D, Piso 2, Of. D-215, Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)959-9738 Fax: (58-2)959-1239 Prodocto(s): Compuestos Sellantes, Laca y Barnices, Lubricantes, Sintéticos, Aditivos para Fabricación de Cemento, Concreto Grupo Zuliano, S.A.C.A. Av. 5 de Julio Edf. Banco Industrial, Piso 11 Maracaibo, Edo. Zulia Tel: (58-61)97-9152 al 56 Fax: (58-61)97-6134 Producto(s): Desarrollo de Proyectos Henkel Venezolana, S.A. 445 Edf. Teatro Altamira (entrada oeste) Piso 8, Ofc. 85 Av. Principal de Altamira Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-3422 Fax: (58-2)263-1495 Producto(s): Oleoquímicos, Tensoactivos, Adhesivos, Selladores, Auxiliares Textiles y Detergentes Industriales Hilados Flexilón, S.A. Av. El Club Edf. Textilera Gran Colombia # 8 Los Cortijos de Lourdes Caracas Tel: (58-2)238-1744 Fax: (58-2)239-4808 Producto(s): Fibras Sintéticas Hoechst de Venezuela, S.A. Urb. La Trinidad Calle Las Vegas, Edf. Hoechst Caracas Tel: (58-2)93-3333 Fax: (58-2)93-3589 Producto(s): Tensoactivos y Auxiliares, Productos Químicos y Colorantes, Polímeros, Agricultura y Sanidad Holanda Venezuela, C.A. Av. Fco. de Miranda Torre Delta, Piso 12, Altamira Sur Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-4633 Fax: (58-2)262-1581 Producto(s): Proveedores Industrias Bicarbón de Venezuela, C.A. Z. Ind. Corinsa Av. Gran Mariscal c/c Lazo I Cons. Ind. Los Gallos, Galpon 6 Cagua Tel: (58-44)95-7061 446 Fax: (58-44)95-7061 Producto(s): Bicarbonato de Sodio y Sesquicarbonato de Sodio Industrias del Maíz, C.A., Indelma Av. Veracruz c/Calle Calis Ed. Aguila, Las Mercedes Caracas Tel: (58-2)993-4644 Fax: (58-2)993-1604 Producto(s): Jarabe de Glucosa, Almidones Regulares, Modificados, Oxidados y Precocido de Maíz, Yuca y Papa Industrias Menequim, C.A. Centro Profesional Tamanaco Pb, Of. 27, Entrada Estacm, CCCT Nivel C1 Caracas Tel: (58-2)959-3411 Fax: (58-2)959-3386 Producto(s): Solventes Preparados, Pegamentos y Detergentes Industriales Industrias Polymaster, C.A. Qta. Intex, C. Guarico, Clnas. Bello Monte Caracas Tel: (58-2)751-3111 Fax: (58-2)751-2091 Producto(s): Auxiliares Textiles, Aceites y Productos Acabados para la Industria Tenera, Disp. Pigmentarias Industrias Químicas Carabobo, C.A. Av. Principal Los Ruices Edf. Sandoz Covigal Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-3633 Fax: (58-2)238-8662 Producto(s): Productos Auxiliares para Textil, Cuero, Papel, Plástico, Pinturas, etc. Industrias Químicas Microcal, C.A. Av. Principal de los Ruices Ctro. Empresarial Los Ruices, P-1, Ofc. 114 Caracas 447 Tel: (58-2)234-6089 Fax: (58-2)237-4296 Producto(s): Carbonato de Calcio, Estearato de Calcio Intequim, C.A., Química Integrada Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Pque. Cristal, Torre Oeste, Piso 2 Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)284-3430 Producto(s): Formaldehído, Resinas Diversas Intesika, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Pque. Cristal, Torre Oeste, Piso 2 Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)284-3430 Producto(s): Auxiliares para Construcción, Láminas Impermeabilizantes, Químicos Industriales Inversiones Simbi, C.A. Calle Chicago, Edf. Chicago, Piso 3 La California Sur Caracas Tel: (58-2)22-9364 Fax: (58-2)22-9364 Producto(s): Pegamentos a base de: Cianoacrilato, Resinas Epóxicas, Siliconas Investigación y Desarrollo, C.A., Indesca Calle 77 con Av. 98 Edf. Bco. Industrial, Piso 2 Maracaibo, Edo. Zulia Tel: (58-61)90-9401 al 06 Fax: (58-61)90-9480 Producto(s): Asistencia Técnica a los Fabricantes de Resinas Termoplásticas: Poliestirenos, Polipropileno, otros J.M. Huber de Venezuela, S.A. 448 C.C.C. Tamanaco, 1ra. Etapa Torre C, Piso 8, Ofc. 804, Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)959-9011, 959-6585 Fax: (58-2)959-9355 Producto(s): Tintas, Barnices, Pinturas, Carboline JLM Industries de Venezuela, C.A. Av. La Estancia Edf. Centro Banaven (cubo negro) Piso 2, Torre B, Ofc. B-24, Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)959-9116 Fax: (58-2)993-2073 Producto(s): Distribución de Solventes y Productos Químicos Lipesa, S.A. Av. Orinoco con Calle Baruta Torre Lipesa, P-9, y P-H Bello Monte Caracas Tel: (58-2)952-3669, 952-4347 Fax: (58-2)952-4637 Producto(s): Productos para Petróleo, Tratamiento de Agua, Azúcar, Pinturas, Siderurgica, Cosméticos Lubchem de Venezuela, C.A. Carretera Negra Km. 99 Anaco, Edo. Anzoategui Tel: (58-82)222-54 Fax: (58-82)24-4474 Producto(s): Lubricantes y Químicos para Mantenimiento Industrial Mantex, S.A.I.C.A. Torre Credival, P. 12 2da. Av. de Campo Alegre, Chacao Caracas Tel: (58-2)261-0266 Fax: (58-2)261-9287 Producto(s): Fibras Sintética Manufacturera Venezuela, S.A., 3M 449 Puente Brión a Luis Razetti Edf. 3M, La Candelaria Caracas Tel: (58-2)575-1822 Fax: (58-2)572-9276 Producto(s): Abrasivos, Adhesivos, Sellantes y Revestimientos Industriales Master Batch de Venezuela, C.A. Urb. La Trinidad Av. González Rincones Edf. Centro Ven, P. 3, Ofc. C-1 Caracas Tel: (58-2)93-8064 Fax: (58-2)93-9886 Productos(s): Master Batch Mavesa, S.A. Av. Principal Los Cortijos de Lourdes Ed. Mavesa Caracas Tel: (58-2)238-1633 Fax: (58-2)239-2506 Producto(s): Glicerina, Jabones, Aceite de Ajonjoli, Mayonesas y Margarinas Merck, S.A. Av. Principal, Urb. Lebrun Caracas Tel: (58-2)256-6533 Fax: (58-2)256-8358 Producto(s): Proveedores, Fabricantes, Materias Primas, Reactivos Diagnóstico Metalquímica Val, C.A., Playdeca Plaza Venezuela Torre Phelps, Piso 4, Ofc. Koralite Caracas Tel: (58-2)793-3133 Fax: (58-2)793-3636 Producto(s): Orgánicos e Inorgánicos para Industria Electrogalvánica, Res. Fenolicas, Represent. Occidental Chemmical, Corp. Midevensa, Midland Dexter de Venezuela, S.A. 450 Av. Rómulo Gallegos Centro Aloa, Torre C Piso 5, Of. C-5-6, El Marques Caracas Tel: (58-2)235-1008 Fax: (58-2)238-0466 Producto(s): Barnices Sanitarios Mitsubishi Venezolana, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Parque Canaima P. 2, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)286-1933 Fax: (58-2)285-6779 Mitsui de Venezuela, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Cavendes, P. 10, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0011 Fax: (58-2)283-4975, 283-6866 Producto(s): Representantes Monomeros Colombo Venezolanos, S.A. Av. José Félix Sosa Torre Britanica, P. 3 Ofc. A, Altamira Sur Caracas Tel: (58-2)261-2919 Fax: (58-2)261-5018 Producto(s): Caprolactama, Fertilizantes Compuestos de Potasio, Sulfato de Amonio, Sulfato de Sodio, Nitrato de Potasio Monsanto Venezuela, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Pque. Cristal Torre Este, P. 8, Of. 8-12 Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-1010 Fax: (58-2)285-9125 Producto(s): Proveedores de: Fribas de Nylon 6.6 y Acrilicas, Resinas de Pvb. Productores 451 de: Herbicidas Sist. y Resinas Montana, C.A. Av. Hans Neumann, Urb. Ind. El Bosque Valencia, Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-41)40-1777 Fax: (58-41)40-1786 Producto(s): Pinturas, Barnices, Solventes, Fondos Nalco de Venezuela, C.A. Av. Eugenio Mendoza 1a. Transversal La Castellana Edf. Banco Lara, P-9 Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-4222 Fax: (58-2)261-0789 Producto(s): Productos Químicos para Tratamiento de Agua y Procesos Industriales Negroven, S.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Pque. Cristal Torre Este, Piso 11, Of. 11-9 Caracas Tel: (58-41)285-0313 Fax: (58-41)32-0429 Producto(s): Negros de Humo Oakite de Venezuela, C.A. Urb. Industrial la Quizanda Local 96 Valencia, Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-41)33-3027 Fax: (58-41)32-0437 Producto(s): Detergentes, Fosfatos, Solventes y Lubricantes, Bactericidas, Floculantes, Inhibidores, Neutralizantes Olin Química, S.A. Calle Guaicaipuro con Mohedano Edf. Torre Hener, P-3, El Rosal Caracas 452 Tel: (58-2)953-8222 Fax: (58-2)953-7712 Producto(s): Proveedores Oxidaciones Orgánicas, C.A., Oxidor Av. Rómulo Gallegos Torre Klm, Piso 7 Ofc. A-B, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-5370 Fax: (58-2)284-6656 Producto(s): Anhidrido Ftalico Oxígeno Carabobo, C.A., Oxicar Urb. Ind. Carabobo 9na. Transv., Calle 87-A, # 86-141 Valencia, Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-41)32-2580 Fax: (58-41)33-4982 Producto(s): Oxígeno, Nitrógeno, Hidrógeno, Acetileno, Oxido Nitroso, Argón, Gases Especiales, Soldadura, Oxicorte Pequiven, S.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda con mis encantos Torre Pequiven, P. 21, Chacao Caracas Tel: (58-2)201-3111 Fax: (58-2)201-3355 Producto(s): Acido Clorhídrico, Nítrico y Sulfúrico, Cloro, Sosa Caustica, Amoniaco y Urea, Fertilizantes Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. PDVSA Edf. Petró leos de Venezuela Av. Libertador, P. 6, La Campiña Caracas Tel: (58-2)708-4111 Fax: (58-2)708-4661 Producto(s): Petróleo y Derivados Petrolite Suramericana, S.A. Z. Ind. Los Montones 453 3era. Etapa (al lado de Super S) Barcelona, Edo. Anzoategui Tel: (58-81)77-3255 Fax: (58-81)77-8875 Producto(s): Demulsificantes, Inhibidores de Corrosión, Aditivos Antiespumantes, Controladores de Parafinas Petroquímica Sima, C.A. Av. Venezuela Torre Oxal, Ph-B, El Rosal Caracas Tel: (58-2)952-3320 Fax: (58-2)951-5665 Producto(s): Plastificantes, Compuestos de PVC, Resinas, Emulsiones, Anhídrido Ftálico, Aceite de Soya, Acido Fumárico Petroquímica Trasandina, S.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda c/San Juan Bosco Edf. Adriatica, Piso 3, Of. 32, Altamira Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-0748 Fax: (58-2)263-0403 Producto(s): Representante Petroquímica Colombiana, S.A., Resina PVC Pinco Pittsburgh, S.A. Calle Hans Neumann Edf. C.C. Los Senderes, Piso 3 Los Cortijos de Lourdes Caracas Tel: (58-2)234-7491 Fax: (58-2)203-5723 Producto(s): Resinas y Pinturas Pinturas International, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ed. Pque. Cristal, Torre Oeste P. 2, Of. Grupo Químico Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-0311 Fax: (58-2)284-3430 Producto(s): Pinturas Emulsionadas, Solventes, Epoxis, Fondos, Bituminosas 454 Plásticos del Lago, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Torre Bazar Bolívar Piso 7, El Marques Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-8669 Fax: (58-2)239-7279 Producto(s): Polietileno de Alta Densidad Plásticos Petroquímica, C.A., Petroplas Av. Francisco de Miranda con mis encantos Torre Pequiven, Planta Baja, Chacao Caracas Tel: (58-2)201-4512, 13 Fax: (58-2)201-3355 Producto(s): Cloruro de Polivinilo Polímeros del Lago, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Torre Bazar Bolívar, Piso 11, El Marques Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-5812 Fax: (58-2)239-5717 Producto(s): Polietileno de Baja Densidad Polipropileno de Venezuela, S.A. Propilven Multicentro Empres. del Este Av. Libertador, Edf. Libert Núcleo A, P. 6, Ofc. A63 Caracas Tel: (58-2)265-0879 Fax: (58-2)265-2245 Producto(s): Resinas de Polipropileno, Homopolímeros y Copolímeros Polytex de Maracay, C.A. Canonigos a San Ramón Edf. Gtm, Piso 5, Altagracia Caracas Tel: (58-2)561-3511 Fax: (58-2)563-1174 Producto(s): Tejidos no Tejidos 455 Procter & Gamble de Venezuela, C.A. Edf. Torre Las Mercedes Piso 1, Ofc. 108 Av. La Estancia, Urb. Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)91-9777 Fax: (58-2)206-6985 Producto(s): Detergentes Formulados Productora de Alcoholes Hidratados, C.A. Av. San Ignacio de Loyola, Edif. Milano Piso 3 y 4, Chacao Caracas Tel: (58-2)201-3357, 201-3431 Fax: (58-2)201-3472 Producto(s): Oxido de Etileno, Etilenglicol Productora de Gas Carbónico, S.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Ctro. Empre. del Este, Torre Miranda Núcleo A, Piso 10, Ofc. 101 Caracas Tel: (58-2)262-1952 Fax: (58-2)285-7110 Producto(s): Gas Carbónico, Benzoatos y Propionatos Productos Ciba-Geigy, S.A. Av. Principal con 3ra. Trsv. de los Ruices Edf. Ciba Geigy Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-4147 Fax: (58-2)239-1068 Producto(s): Productos Químicos para Plásticos, Pinturas, Tintas para Industria Textil, Papel y Cuero Productos Minerales Venezolanos, Promiven, C.A. Calle Froilan Correa c/c Sabana Larga Ed. las Terrazas, P. 2, Of. A-B Cagua, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-44)95-4328 456 Fax: (58-44)76-556 Producto(s): Carbonato de Calcio Natural, Carbonato de Calcio Precipitado, Cal Agrícola Productos Stahl de Venezuela, C.A. Zona Ind. Valle Abajo Cagua, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-44)74-044 Fax: (58-44)79-064 Producto(s): Resinas y Productos Auxiliares para Cuero Productos Halogenados de Venezuela, C.A. Produven Av. Francisco de Miranda Cntro. Plaza, Torre C, P. 19, Of. E Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-7104 Fax: (58-2)285-6073 Producto(s): Gases Propelentes, Refrigerantes CFC y HCFC, Acido Clorhídrico Puramin, C.A. Av. Este 2, Edf. Administradora Unión Piso 10, Los Caobos Caracas Tel: (58-2)571-4843 Fax: (58-2)571-0465 Producto(s): Aceites Dielélectricos para Transformadores y Aceites Blancos Minerales Quideco Derivados del Coco, C.A. Av. Anton Philips Zona Ind. La Hamaca, Sta. Rosa frente Hoechst Maracay, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-43)54-6011 Fax: (58-43)54-8376 Producto(s): Productos Químicos Auxiliares Química Venoco, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Bco. del Orinoco Piso 12, La Floresta Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-2133 457 Fax: (58-2)285-2079 Producto(s): Dodecil Benceno, Cumeno, Tridecilbenceno, Trimero de Propileno Químicas Tromar de Venezuela Av. Rondon, Edf. Rondon Planta Baja, Local 5 Puerto Cabello, Edo. Carabobo Tel: (58-42)61-1411 Fax: (58-42)61-3352 Producto(s): Desinfectantes, Jabones, Detergentes, Limpiadores, Refrigerantes Sintéticos, Ceras, Barnices Químicas Victoria, C.A. Zona Ind. La Vega Av. Principal 1era. Transv. Crrtra. Cagua-Encrucijada Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-44)72-866 Fax: (58-44)75-542 Producto(s): Pegamentos Químicos Cyquim, C.A. Edf. Centro Cyanamid Calle 1-2, La Urbina detras de Ferrum Caracas 1010-A Tel: (58-2)241-4705 Fax: (58-2)241-8016 Producto(s): Resinas Diversas Químicos de Seguridad, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Galipan, Entrada C, P. 2, Ofc. C Caracas Tel: (58-2)951-4616 Fax: (58-2)951-4849 Producto(s): Liga para frenos, Compuestos para frotar, Selladores, Antioxidantes Químicos Poliven, S.A. Av. General Motors Zona Ind. Sur Valencia, Edo. Carabobo 458 Tel: (58-41)33-3135 Fax: (58-41)34-8616 Producto(s): Plastificantes, Compuestos PVC, Polímeros Acrílicos, Estabilizantes de Estaño y de Compuestos PVC Resimon, C.A. Calle Hans Neumann Edf. Corimon, P. 3 Los Cortijos de Lourdes Caracas Tel: (58-2)203-5911 al 16 Fax: (58-2)203-5908 Producto(s): Formaldehído, Plastificantes, Poliesteres, Emulsiones, Resinas Alquidica, Fenolicas, Urea Formaldehído Resinas Lineales, C.A., Resilin Av. Francisco de Miranda con mis encantos Torre Pequiven, P. 13, Chacao Caracas Tel: (58-2)201-4111 Fax: (58-2)201-3040 Producto(s): Polietilenos Lineales Rhone Poulenc de Venezuela, S.A. Av. Araure, Edf. Los Roques Pisos 5,6,7, Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)91-4422 Fax: (58-2)993-1250 Producto(s): Química Industrial y Especialidades, Fibras Textil, Agroquímica, Farmacéutica S.C. Johnson & Son de Venezuela, C.A. Av. Maracay Zona Industrial San Vicente I Maracay, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-43)53-7668 Fax: (58-43)53-7469 Producto(s): Selladores, Ceras, Limpiadores, Desodorante Ambiente, Enjuagues, Desinfectantes Hospitales, Polímeros Serviquim, C.A. 459 Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Pque. Cristal Torre Este, Piso 7 Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-1011, 285-4044 Fax: (58-2)284-9163, 285-6379 Producto(s): Auxiliares p/Ind. Alimentos y Bebidas, Tintorería, Química, Petrolera, Metalmecánica, Materias Primas Shell Química de Venezuela, C.A. Av. La Estancia Centro Banaven, Torre C, Piso 7, Chuao Caracas Tel: (58-2)91-6777, 92-5522 Fax: (58-2)92-4591 Producto(s): Proveedores de Productos Químicos e Inversionistas en Empresas Químicas Sinthesis, C.A. Av. Codazzi, Qta. Landa Detras de Cada, Sta. Mónica Caracas Tel: (58-2)661-3638 Fax: (58-2)693-1734 Producto(s): Sistemas de Poliuretano Sudamtex de Venezuela, C.A. Av. Urdaneta Ibarra a Pelota, Edf. Karam, P. 1 Caracas Tel: (58-2)562-9222 Fax: (58-2)563-3275 Producto(s): Chips de Poliester, Chips de Nylon, Fibras Sintéticas Suelatex, C.A. Calle 1, La Yaguara A media cuadra de inspectoría de tránsito Caracas Tel: (58-2)89-2316 Fax: (58-2)89-0039 Producto(s): Plastificantes, Estabilizantes, Aceite Epoxidados, Poliester, Poliuretano, Melamina, Prod. Goma, Comp. Pvc 460 Suministro de Industria Textil, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Centro Empre. Don Boco P. 7, Of. 7B, Los Ruices Caracas Tel: (58-2)239-1029, 34-8270 Fax: (58-2)237-2562 Producto(s): Productos Auxiliares para Textil Super Octanos, C.A. Carrt. La Costa Compj. Petroq. José A. Anzoategui Edf. Adm. Pequiven Edo. Anzoategui Tel: (58-81)70-9111 Fax: (58-81)70-8461 Producto(s): Metil-ter-butil-eter, Mezclas y Derivados Tanatex de Venezuela, S.A. Calle las Vegas Edf. Cenco-Zotti Urb. la Trinidad Caracas Tel: (58-2)93-2922 Fax: (58-2)941-1966, 941-1186 Producto(s): Auxiliares Diversos Especialidades Transaluminio, C.A. Zona Ind. San Vicente II Av. Principal/Calle 3 Maracay, Edo. Aragua Tel: (58-43)54-8045 Fax: (58-43)54-9206 Producto(s): Elaboración, Transformación y Comercialización de Productos Derivados del Aluminio Tripoliven, C.A. Av. Francisco de Miranda Edf. Pque. Cristal Torre Este, P. 11, Of. 11-19 461 Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-2635 Fax: (58-42)71-712 Producto(s): Tripolifosfato de Sodio y Pirofosfato de Sodio, Fosfato Bisodico/Trisodico Grado Alimento y Técnico Unilever Andina, S.A. Av. Libertador, Edf. Xerox Piso 10, Urb. Bello Campo Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-1544 Fax: (58-2)263-0525 Producto(s): Jabones, Detergentes y Productos Personales Unión Carbide Comercial, C.A. Av. Principal Eugenio Mendoza C/1ra Transv., Edf. Banco Lara P. 3-C, La Castellana Caracas Tel: (58-2)263-4542 Fax: (58-2)264-0095 Producto(s): Proveedores Vencatalyst, C.A. Av. Rómulo Gallegos Av. Principal los Chorros Edf. Ozalid, P. 2, Ofc. A (Detras de Arturos) Caracas Tel: (58-2)234-1386 Fax: (58-2)235-7166 Producto(s): Microbicidas, Fungicidas, Dispersantes, Polímeros, Estabilizantes, Antiespumantes Venezolana de Galvanotecnia, S.A. Vegal Avd. Alfredo Jahn, Entre 4ta. y 5ta. Transv. Qta. Atlanta, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)283-5066 Fax: (58-2)285-6660 Producto(s): Productos para la Industria Galvánica 462 Venezolana de Silicatos, C.A. Venesil Av. Francisco de Miranda Edif. Parque Cristal Ala Este, Piso 7, Los Palos Grandes Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-1011 Fax: (58-2)286-0055 Producto(s): Silicatos de Sodio, Sílicas Precipitadas, Silicatos de Aluminio Weco Agency de Venezuela, C.A. Av. Rómulo Gallegos C 1era. Transv. de Sta. Eduvigis, Ed. Pascal Caracas Tel: (58-2)285-9229 Fax: (58-2)284-2609 Producto(s): Proveedor de Servicios de Transporte Marítimo y de "Tank-Containers" ZN Fundiciones, C.A. Multicentro Cagua Local 29-30 Cagua, Edo. de Aragua Tel: (58-43)61-9154 Producto(s): Oxido de Zinc, Polvillo de Zinc Malla, Zinc Recuperado, Residuos de Zinc 463 Higher Education – Venezuela (Source: UNESCO and World of Learning, 1999) Structure of system Higher education is provided by universities, institutes, university colleges, university institutes (providing humanistic, polytechnical and technological instruction); 2 ecclesiastic university institutes and 3 military university institutes. Those institutions are grouped in two sub-systems: 1) Institutes and University Colleges, mainly for short courses of study (2 1/2 to 3 years) leading to the award of the "técnico superior"; 2) Universities, mainly for long courses of study (5 or 6 years), leading to the award of the "Licenciado" or an equivalent professional title (e.g. ingeniero). Courses of study are in the following areas: basic sciences, engineering and technology, agricultural and marine sciences, health sciences, social sciences, educational science, humanities, art and letters and military sciences. The universities are divided into two groups: public and private. Public universities (national) are of two types: a) autonomous institutions and b) experimental institutions. Access to higher education is organized by the Oficina de Planificacion del Sector Universitario (OPSU) and includes 3 stages: Prueba de Aptitud Académica; Preinscripcion Nacional y Asignacion de Aspirantes to higher education institutions. Most institutions submit candidates to their own selection procedures. In some institutions, preparatory, general or basic courses form part of the admission process. Main types of higher education institutions in country Type of institution: UNIVERSIDAD Translation: UNIVERSITY Type of institution: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITECNICO Translation: POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Type of institution: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO PEDAGOGICO Translation: UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGY Type of institution: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGIA Translation: UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Type of institution: COLEGIO UNIVERSITARIO Translation: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Type of institution: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO Translation: UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Type of institution: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO ECLESIASTICO Translation: ECCLESIASTIC UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Type of institution: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO MILITAR Translation: MILITARY UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Main laws/decrees governing higher education Name of law/decree: Ley Orgánica de Educacion Date: 26 July, 1980 Institution type: All Name of law/decree: Ley de Universidades Date: 8 September, 1970 Institution type: Universities Administrative structure of higher education Name of body: Ministry of Education 464 Street: Edificio Sede, Esquina de Salas City: Caracas Postal code: 1010 Telephone: 58-2-55762459 Fax: 58-2-5638488 Name of body: National Council of Universities/Consejo Nacional de Universidades Address: P.O. Box: Aptd. Correos 1346 Street: Torre Capriles Piso 8, Plaza Venezuela, Carmelitas City: Caracas Postal code: 1010 Telephone: 58-2-7936525 Telex: 21293 CNU VC Fax: 58-2-7932380 Academic year Classes start: September Classes end: June Long vacation: from 1 July, to 1 September Languages of instruction: Spanish Highlights Over the last three years the Government of Venezuela has been funding programs to build greater articulation among graduate programs in chemisty in the five national universities. To achieve this ‘integración’ the government sponsors 2-3 day workshops annually on such topics as environmental chemistry. 465 Faculties of Chemcial Sciences – Venezuela (Source: Relaq, 1999) Universidades en Venezuela Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) Ciudad Universitaria Urbanización Los Chaguaramos Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (lada 98-58-2) 61-98-11 al 30 Fax: 662-24-86 y 662-80-96 Facultad de Ciencias Licenciatura en Química Maestría en Química Doctorado en Química Facultad de Farmacia Licenciatura en Farmacia Maestría en Química de Medicamentos Doctorado en Química de Medicamentos Facultad de Ingeniería Ingeniería Química Especialización en Ingeniería Química, mención Ingeniería de Procesos Especialización en Ingeniería Química, mención Instrum. y Control de Procesos Maestría en Ingeniería Química Universidad de los Andes (ULA) Avenida No. 3 Edificio del Rectorado Plaza Bolívar Mérida, Estado Mérida, Venezuela Tel: (lada 98-58-74) 402-352 y 402-351 Fax: 63-63-80 y 402-327 Facultad de Ciencias Licenciatura en Química Facultad de Farmacia Licenciatura en Farmacia Facultad de Ingeniería Ingeniería Química Maestría en Ingeniería Química Universidad del Zulia 466 Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias AP 526, Mod. No.2, Grano de Oro Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela Tel: (lada 98-58-61) 59-8301 Fax: (lada 98-58-61) 52-4310 Educación en Química Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad de Oriente Avenida Universidad Cerro Colorado Apartado Postal 094 Cumaná, Estado Sucre, Venezuela Tel: (lada 98-58-93) 65-63-12 al 16 Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado Carrera 19 entre Calles 8 y 9 Edif. Antiguo Hotel Nueva Segovia Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-51) 51-00-11, 51-01-10 y 51-04-10 Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB) Vale de Sartenejas Baruta, Estado Miranda, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 963-30-22 y 93-83-22 Area de Ciencias Básicas Licenciatura en Química Area de Ingeniería Ingeniería Química Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales Grupo de Polímeros (GPUSB) Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez Avenida Intercomunal Calle 14 Los Jardínes del Valle, El Valle Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 681-16-18 Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira Avenidad Universidad, Paramillo San Critóbal, Estado Táchira, Venezuela 467 Tel: (98-58-76) 59-056 y 59-292 Universidad Santa María Avenida Páez Frente a la Plaza Madariaga Urbanización El Paraiso Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 483-51-33 Universidad Metropolitana Distribuidor Universidad (Autopista Petare-Guaranas) Urbanización La Urbina Norte Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 241-68-81 y 241-58-85 Universidad Rafael Urdaneta Sector La Retirada, lado Noroeste de la Rinconada y Country Club, Apartado 614 Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-61) 92-26-59 y 92-26-04 Universidad Tecnológica del Centro Vía Aragüita a 2 Kms. de la Carretera Nacional Guacara, Estado de Carabobo, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-45) 71-80-88, 71-83-59 y 71-81-27 Universidad Católica del Táchira Calle 14 con Carretera 14 San Cristobal, Estado de Táchira, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-76) 43-05-10 y 43-20-80 Universidad Sur del Lago "Jesús María Semprum" Hacienda la Glorieta Vía Aeropuerto Santa Bárbara del Zulia Estado Zulia, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-75) 98-10-36 y 91-832 Universidad San José María Vargas Avenida Sucre, Torre Sucre Piso 2 al 10 Urbanización Los Dos Camino Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 285-08-07 y 285-49-83 Universidad Cecilio Acosta Urbanización La Paz II Etapa entre Av. 55 con 55B Calle 96 - J 468 (Instituto Niños Cantores del Zulia) Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-61) 89-165 y 89-004 Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales "Ezequiel Zamora" Avenida 23 de Enero Alto Barinas, Barinas Estado Barinas, Venezuela Universidad Nacional Experimental "Francisco de Miranda" Edificio Rectorado Calle Norte (Entre Avenida Manaure y Calle Toledo) Coro, Estado Falcón, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-68) 51-21-56 y 51-93-32 Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Centrales "Rómulo Gallegos" Avenida José Félix Rivas con Av. Los Llanos Edificio Albert San Juan de los Morros, Estado Guarico, Venezuela Universidad Nacional Abierta Sede Central Avenida Los Calvani No. 18 San Bernardino Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 574-13-22 (Master) Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Avenidas Las Américas Edificio General de Seguros Piso 2 al Pent House Puerto Ordaz, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela Universidad Nacional Experimental "Rafael María Baralt" Avenida El Rosario Esquina El Mulle (Antiguo Hospital Dr. Adolfo d'Empaire) Cabinas, Estado Zulia, Venezuela Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador Escuela Normal Miguel Antonio Caso Avenida Sucre Parque del Oeste, Catia Caracas, Venezuela Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre" Vice-Rectorado "Luis Caballero Mejías" Avenida Principal de la Yaguara 469 Edificio D'Ambrosio La Yaguara, Caracas, Venezuela Tel: (98-58-2) 49-89-17 y 443-05-84 Universidad de Carabobo Facultad de Ingeniería Ingeniería Química Especialización en Ingeniería Química Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología (FACyT) Licenciatura en Química 470 Chemically Related Trade Associations and Professional Societies – Venezuela (Source: ACS/IAO and Relaq, 1999) Venezuelan Biochemical Association (Asociación Venezolana de Bioquímica) (16.viii.1996 : iubmb www) President and Secretary: Dr. Andres Carmona Colinas de Bello Monte Calle Neveri Edif. Fundavac Apartado 47489 Caracas 1041-A Telephone: 58. 2. 979 4565 Fax: 58. 2. 752 5897 Asociación Venezolana de la Industria Química y Petroquímica ASOQUIM Edificio Centro Solano, Piso 1, Ofc. A-1 Av. Francisco Solano López, Chacaíto Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela Tel: (58-2)762-5104, 5485, 4469 Fax: (58-2)762-0597 http://www.redhucyt.oas.org/RLQ/venezuela/asoquim.html Venezuelan Chemical Society (Sociedad Venezolana de Química) (15.ix.1997) (society letterhead) Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Geoquímica Apartado 3895 Caracas 1010/a Venezuela Telephone: 58. 02. 605 2200 Fax: 58. 02. 605 2201 President: Dr. Claudio Bifano General Manager, Support of Research and Development CONICIT Apado 47102 Los Chaguaramos Caracas Venezuela E-mail: [email protected] Venezuelan Society of Chemical Engineers (Sociedad Venezolana de Ingenieros Quimicos) c/o Colegio de Ingenieros de Venezuela Apdo 2006 Caracas Established 1958 (1000) Executive Director: Yolanda de Osorio 471 Chemically Related Learned Societies – Venezuela (Source: World of Learning, 1996) Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales Aptdo 1421, Caracas 107 tel: 2.483.41.33; fax: 2.41.66.11 Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales Edificio Fundacion La Salle Av Boyaca, Aptdo 1930 Caracas 1010a tel: 782.87.11; fax: 793.74.93 472 Chemically Related Research Centers – Venezuela (Source: World of Learning, 1996) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICIT) Aptdo 70617, Los Ruices Caracas fax: 2398677 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientifica (IVIC) Apdto 21827 Caracas 1020a tel: 2.501.1122; fax: 2.571.2557 Research Areas: Isolation and synthesis of natural products with biological activity •Surface science and catalysis applied to oil and gas conversion •Physical organic chemistry of molecular reactions in the gas phase •Density functional theory applied to atoms and molecules •Ab-initio and semi-empirical molecular orbital studies of the chemical reactivity of catalytic materials •Dynamics and mechanics of molecular aggregates found in crude oil •Development of analytical methods for the determination of trace metals in biological fluids; photodegradation of pharmaceutical products; •Atmospheric chemistry and biogenic emissions in tropical areas •Synthesis of organometallic complexes of importance in oil refining and in the cure of tropical diseases •Postgraduate studies in chemistry and chemical physics. Universidad Central de Venezuela Cuidad Universitaria Los Chaguaramos ZP 104, Caracas 1051 ESCUELA DE QUIMICA CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION QUIMICA ANALITICA Laboratorio de Espectroscopía de Absorción Atómica Laboratorio Espectroscopía de Emisión Atómica Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Láser Laboratorio de Plasma Químico Laboratorio de Istrumentación Laboratorio de Cromatografía CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION QUIMICA ORGANICA Laboratorio de Fitoquímica Laboratorio de Síntesis de Productos Naturales Laboratorio de RMN al Servicio de la Investigación 473 Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Molecular y Química Computacional Emergente Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Hidrocarburos Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Orgánica CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION CATALISIS, PETROLEO Y PETROQUIMICA Laboratorio de Química del C1 Laboratorio de Hidrotratamiento y Catálisis por Sulfuro Metálico Laboratorio de Infrarojo Laboratorio de Caracterización de Sólidos por Técnicas Térmicas y Gravimétricas Laboratorio de Petroquímica Laboratorio de Caracterización de Sólidos por Técnicas de Absorción Laboratorio de Tamices Moleculares Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas Laboratorio de Desarrollo de Procesos GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION EQUILIBRIOS EN SOLUCION Laboratorio de EMF/UV-VIS Laboratorio de Calorimetría Laboratorio de Análisis de Datos Laboratorio de Electroquímica Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION FISICO-QUIMICA Laboratorio de Química Computacional Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Láser Laboratorio de Plasma Químico GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION SINTESIS ORGANOMETALICO Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica e Inorgánica y Catálisis Homogénea Laboratorio de Química Organometálica de Superficie GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION POLIMEROS Laboratorio de Síntesis de Polímeros Laboratorio de Caracterización de Polímeros 474 ORGANOMETALLIC RESEARCH CENTRES (source: http://www.scc.um.es) Transition Metal Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Center, IVIC, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela SANCHEZ-DELGADO, Roberto, Dr.; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: 58-2 504.1320; Fax: 58-2 504.1350; http://www.ivic.ve; HERRERA, Veronica, Dr.; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: 58-2 504.1320; Fax:58-2 504.1350; NAVARRO, Maribel, Dr.; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: 58-2 504.1323; Fax: 58-2 504.1350 (Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry of Ru, Os, Rh, Irl. Homogeneous catalysis: hydrogenation, carbonylation, HDS, HDN; kinetics and mechanisms. Applications of transition metal complexes in the chemotherapy of tropical diseases) AJ Arce, Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Chem, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela AJ Zapata, Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Quim, Apartado Postal 89000, Caracas 1080 A, Venezuela DE Paez, Intevep SA, Res & Technol Support, Ctr Petroleos Venezuela, Apdo 76343, Caracas 1070A, Venezuela L Rincon, Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela N Urdaneta, Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Quim, Apartado Postal 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela 475 ACS Member Characteristics – Venezuela (Source: ACS Info Central, 1999) ACS Members in Venezuela - Interest Areas Analytical 6% Biochemistry Agriculture and Food 11% Analytical Polymers/Plastics Biochemistry 17% Biotechnology Chemical Education Chemical Education Pharm/Med 6% Colloids and Surfaces 7% Computing/Molecular Modeling Colloids and Surfaces Energy/Fuels 11% Environmental Inorganic Organic Marketing/Sales/Business Comp/MolecModel 21% Materials 1% Organic Energy/Fuels Pharmaceutical/Medicinal 6% Polymers/Plastics Inorganic 16% Physical 476 ACS Informant Questionnaire Responses– Venezuela 1) In which sector are you employed? (Please select one item) Industry: 0 Higher Education: 3 Professional and/or Trade Association: 0 Government: 0 Other - Please specify: Consulting in industrial formulations ** Nat’l lab 2) Do you and/or your colleagues participate in any professional scientific activities involving Chemically Related industry / higher education collaboration? Yes: 2 No: 2 NA: 1 3) If your answer to Item #2 is Yes, are you personally involved in the activity? Yes: 2 No: 0 If your answer is Yes, please describe how. joint projects related to the characterization of catalysts and study of the chemistry associated with catalytic processes ** Estoy a cargo de un proyecto de investigacion aplicada en el area de desulfuracion de combustible, financiado por CONIPET, un ente integrado por CONICIT, el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas (oficina gubernamental) y PDVSA, la industria petrolera nacional. ** 4) Are your colleagues involved? Yes: 2 No: 5) What type of industry is involved in the collaboration? Energy: 2 Agricultural Chemicals: 0 Basic Chemical Production: 1 Polymers: 0 Fine Chemicals: 1 Metals: 0 Rubber: 0 Other - Please specify: 477 6) What companies are participating in the collaboration? Dow, Exxon, Rohm&Haas ** PDVSA, Petroleos de Venezuela ** 8) What type of activity is carried out in the collaboration? Basic Research: 2 Faculty Visits: 0 Student Visits: 0 Consulting: 0 Contract Research: 1__ Quality Control: 0 Environmental Monitoring: 0 Other - Please Specify: To adapt college curricula to industry necessities. University staff know little about industry. Let the industry people know what the universities can or can not do for them. ** Aplicabilidad de las actividades a desarrollar en colaboracion. Informacion de los requerimientos de la industria. Visitas a las Universidades y/o institutos a fin de divulgar y atraer al investigador o estudiante (captación de cientificos jovenes a nivel de postgrado). Fortalecimiento del programa de pasantias de las universidades. ** These collaborations usually involve the oil industry and universities. The chemical industry in Venezuela is not well developed and does very little R&D work. The chemical industry typically buys the technology from the US or Europe ** (i) un problema claramente identificado, (ii) reconocimiento de la importancia de estudiar a fondo los problemas, no solo encontrar soluciones empiricas a corto plazo (iii) libertad para publicar resultados (iv) participacion del grupo de investigacion y universidad en la propiedad intelectual y los posibles beneficios generados por la implementacion del estudio ** 10) What facilitates development of such collaborations? Instruction workshops among both parties. ** Ocasiones de contacto con el sector industrial para identificar problemas con experticias y suficientes conversaciones para conciliar puntos de vista sobre los puntos (9) ii-iv ** The need to improve processes in the refining of the oil (main resource of the country) forces the use of the existing resources in the universities ** ** 11) What hinders or is problematic for development of such collaborations? There should be none but the lack of interest; ignorance. ** Problema economico del pais. Esto debilita las posiciones de ambas partes (universidad e industria) ** With respect to the chemical industry, the lack of collaboration is due to the lack of interest in the development of native technologic in this area. With respect to the oil industry, changes is policy of the goverment (which control this industry) make difficult to establish long term projects. ** En Venezuela, una industria poco desarrollada y un distanciamiento grande entre los centros universitarios (donde se realiza la mayor parte de la investigacion) y los actores del sector productivo. ** 478 12) What, in your opinion, would improve the quality and sustainability of university / industry collaborations, and have you encountered or do you expect to encounter issues of intellectual property how can this, too be improved? Grants for projects. Academic recognition of time consumed in such projects. Economic recognition for Industrial research on long time. ** La propiedad intelectual en Venezuela, en los ultimos años, se respeta. Se ha mejoraado y se sigue mejorando. Venezuela vive una epoca de cambios y este proceso de reformas es interesante. Uno de los puntos a resaltar es el del respeto a la propiedad intelectual. En cuanto a las colaboraciones Universidad/Industria, lo importante es aclarar este punto si es el caso. ** La calidad de las colaboraciones parte de una comunicacion fluida y actualizada. Durante la gestion 1993-1998 CONICIT impulso con relativo exito, mesas de negociacion entre los investigadores y la industria. Esa iniciativa debe reforzarse. El problema de la propiedad intelectual es un tema recurrente y puede resolverse negociando participacion en los beneficios generados, como fuente de ingresos propios para la institucion y el grupo de investigacion. ** 13) Which particular university / industry collaborations would you identify as outstanding? Prof. Jean Louis Salager, Lab. of Surface Phenomena, University of the Andes;´Merida, Venezuela; [email protected] ** PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela)/Universidades e Institutos de investigacion. Esto a nivel nacional. http://www.pdvsa.pdv.com/ ** CORPORACIÓN PARQUE TECNOLÓGICO SARTENEJAS,TECNÓPOLIS DE LA USB, Edif. Bolívar.Tel: 58-2-9064237 y 4256, Fax: 58-2-9064278. Celular: 0166-145371 Email: [email protected]; Fernando Morales,Unidad de Gestión Ambiental(Environmental Management Unit),Universidad Simón Bolívar,Caracas, Venezuela., Phone 58-2-9063317 (3876). Tel-Fax 58- 2-9063876,Cell. 016-6326296, email [email protected] ** 14) For university / industry collaborations which involve scientist, researcher, or student mobility across national borders, what skills or capacities should a participant have to be successful? Independence, easy of communication, language domain, empathy, knowledge, initiative. ** Capacidad de adaptacion a diferentes ambientes de trabajo y culturas de trabajo, cierto grado de informacion para identificar aspectos de mutuo beneficio, capacidad para analizar los problemas desde una perspectiva global ** 15) Other comments or thoughts on university / industry collaborations in Venezuela? What aspects of the chemical industry sector do you see as most promising for industry / university collaboration? Petrochemical, Formulations ( maintenance, surface treatment, water treatment, lubricants, pesticides, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical), chemical analysis, patents, customs. ** Quimica del petroleo: Derivados del petroleo, agroquimica, catalizadores; Quimica Medicinal: investigacion de nuevas drogas (sintesis organica) y fitoquimica medicinal (estudio de propiedades medicinales); Pienso que en Venezuela existe el personal capacitado, tanto en 479 universidades como institutos, para enfrentar este tipo de investigaciones en asociacion con la industria nacional o extranjera. José Elias Villamizar Laboratorio de Síntesis y Productos Naturales Centro de Química, I.V.I.C. Telf. (582)504-1739, 504-1328 Fax. (582)504-1350 e- mail: [email protected] ** Brito at the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research ([email protected]). ** joint projects related to the characterization of catalysts and study of the chemistry associated with catalytic processes ** En Venezuela tenemos un sector industrial primitivo que no ha requerido de R&D, salvo el sector petrolero donde se plantean problemas tecnicos complejos. En las areas de Quimica Ambiental, Petroquimica, Conversion de energia, Quimica Medicinal y Productos Naturales sin embargo, tenemos tanto grandes requerimientos como ventajas comparativas. Si se reactiva el sector procutivo y se diversifica la economia en actividades distintas a la explotacion petrolera, tenemos oportunidad de lograr una buena relacion univesidad-industria. ** IVIC Brito basic research catalysis; removal of SO2; program in 96 - 6-7 pub's have come out of it. Basic but has applied component for industry with environmental. Good facilties for catalysis; here good facilities for characteristization of catalysis; Major challenges - comm email/fax - data analysis, results descriptions / set up, reporting; difficult to move people to work here/there - mainly economical. Ideally once a year; now every two or three years. ** R&D in VE - basic sciences based; chem industry like to buy license foreign tech. Makes collaboration problematic. Govt-controlled oil industry lots of actiivty / models. Trying to move these models to chem industry; but while interest in higher ed not much on industrial side. More of production not new products - 95% of colleagues applied chemists. Analytical chemists QC.; TN collaboration IVIC well set up. For last ten years, Simon Bolivar Univ doing research / incubator programs telcomm and IT; have very large industrial parks; not much chem but coming. Intermediates dedicated to electronics; environmental chem, too monitoring / remediation soil / water. Govt funding for. Trying to get funding from industry.; Greatest demand produce people with KSA's associated with oil industry: treatment / refining. Chem engineers; applied chemists focus in VE. Prof societies fostering collaboration but don't have many resources; industry not supplying resources to societies. 480 Funding Organizations with Interests in Venezuela The Howard Hughes Medical Institute Office of Grants and Special Progs. 4000 Jones Bridge Rd. Chevy Chase , MD 20815-6789 (301) 215-8870 Purpose and Activities: A nonprofit scientific and philanthropic organization whose principal purpose is "the promotion of human knowledge within the field of the basic sciences (principally the field of medical research and medical education) and the effective application thereof for the benefit of mankind." The Institute is qualified as a medical research organization, not as a private foundation, under the federal tax code. Through its Medical Research Program, the Institute's staff scientists conduct fundamental biomedical research throughout the U.S. in the fields of cell biology, genetics, immunology, neuroscience, and structural biology. Through its Office of Grants and Special Programs, the Institute awards grants to help strengthen education in biology and related sciences, funds research resources at U.S. medical schools, and supports fundamental research abroad. The emphasis of the grants program is on graduate, undergraduate, and precollege and public science education. Graduate support is primarily for fellowships awarded under three programs: 1) Predoctoral (Ph.D., Sc.D.) Fellowships in Biological Sciences. Deadline: early Nov.; 2) Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students. Deadline: early Dec.; and 3) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians. Deadline: early Dec. Through the current phase of the Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program, grant awards are made directly to colleges and universities for 1) student research and broadening access in the sciences; 2) science equipment and laboratory renovations; 3) faculty and curriculum development; and 4) outreach programs in the sciences and mathematics with elementary and secondary schools and with junior and community colleges. No undergraduate competition was held in 1997. The Institute continues to monitor trends in science education and science, including public and private support. Assets Amount: $12,922,454,000 AM Total Giving: $86,905,070 Grants Amount: $62,199,909 Number of Grants: 251 Highest Grant: $2,000,000 Lowest Grant: $26,000 Average Grant: 15000-2000000 Scholarship Amount: $24,729,091 NO. OF SCHOLARSHIPS: 823 Highest Scholarship: $242,000 Lowest Scholarship: $26,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Graduate Program: Predoctoral Fellowships in Biological Sciences support up to five years of full-time study toward the Ph.D. or Sc.D. degree in specified biological disciplines; Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students provide funding for one year of full-time research for students enrolled in U.S. medical schools; and Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians support three years of full-time research. ** Undergraduate Program: Student Research and Broadening Access offers funding for undergraduate research efforts; Equipment and Laboratory Development broadens student research opportunities and expands instruction in biology and other disciplines; Science Curriculum and Faculty Development supports restructuring of programs and courses; and Precollege Outreach supports development of science programs at elementary, middle, and high schools, particularly those in 481 urban and rural areas. ** Precollege and Public Program: Has awarded grants to museums, aquaria, botanical gardens, zoos, and biomedical research institutions to support innovative education programs to interest youngsters in science and improve science literacy through programs targeting students, teachers, and families. ** Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Initiatives: Supports programs in the greater Washington, D.C., area that link schools with major scientific institutions or that provide or enhance exposure to laboratory experiences for students in kindergarten through 12th grade. ** Research Resources: Has awarded grants to U.S. medical schools to sustain their research mission and supports institutions that serve as unique international resources for research and teaching. ** International Program: Has awarded grants to support the research of outstanding biomedical scientists abroad. ** Program Assessment: Awards funds to selected organizations to measure results of Institute grant initiatives, and to assist the development of new initiatives through studies of national trends in science education, research, and philanthropy. Geographic Limitation: Giving on a national and international basis. Research grants have gone to scientists in Canada and Mexico (1991), Australia, New Zealand and the U.K. (1992) and 10 countries of the Baltics, Central Europe, and the former Soviet Union (1995). Graduate, undergraduate, and precollege grants are made nationwide; foreign grants to scientists are made in a moving target of selected countries. Some graduate fellowships are given outside the U.S. Grants to leading scientists in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela have been awarded Program Limitations: No support for Biomedical research in the U.S., except to scientific investigators employed by the Institute; no grants or fellowships except to individuals or institutions competing under established science education programs. Support Limitation: No grants for conferences or publications. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers: Purnell W. Choppin, M.D., Pres.; Stephen M. Cohen, V.P. and C.F.O.; W. Maxwell Cowan, M.D., Ph.D., V.P. and Chief Scientific Off.; Joan S. Leonard, V.P. and Genl. Counsel; Joseph G. Perpich, M.D., J.D., V.P., Grants and Special Progs.; C.F. Wolfe, V.P. and C.I.O.; Mark W. Smith, Cont. Trustees: Hanna H. Gray, Ph.D., Chair.; James A. Baker III; Alexander G. Bearn, M.D.; Frank William Gay; James H. Gilliam, Jr.; Garnett L. Keith; Jeremy R. Knowles; William R. Lummis; Irving S. Shapiro Staff: 3140 Application Information: Applicants should consult guidelines in the Institute's publication "Grants for Science Education" or in specific program announcements prior to application. Fellowships and grants are awarded on the basis of national or international competitions. Proposals for the Undergraduate Science Education Program are by invitation only. In addition to the science education programs, grants are awarded to biomedical scientists in specified countries under the international program. Awards in all programs are based on peer review. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter, proposal, or application, depending on program. Deadline(s): Request program announcements for program-specific deadlines. Board meeting date(s): Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Final notification: Each grants program has an individual notification date; program brochures and announcements should be consulted. Write: Dr. Joseph G. Perpich, V.P., for genl. inquiries; Stephen A. Barkanic, Prog. Off., Undergraduate Prog.; Dr. Barbara Filner, Prog. Off., Graduate Prog.; Dr. Jill G. Conley, Prog. 482 Off., International and Prec* Descriptors: ; Building/renovation; Equipment; Program development; Curriculum development ; Fellowship funds; Research; Program evaluation; Grants to individuals; Secondary school/education; Higher education; Medical school/education; Education; Biomedicine; Medical research; Biological sciences; Minorities; Asians/Pacific Islanders; African Americans; Latinos; Native Americans; Canada; Europe; Soviet Union (Former); Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Venezuela DuPont Corporate Contributions Program c/o Ext. Affairs Dept., DuPont and Co. 9541 Nemours Bldg. Wilmington , DE 19898 (302) 774-2036 Purpose and Activities: DuPont's Contributions Program is committed to improving the quality of life and enhancing the vitality of communities in which the company has a major business presence. Its mission is to integrate such activities on a global scale with DuPont's overall goals and objectives. All contributions, therefore, must serve to maintain institutions and services which impact DuPont and its employees, the local community, and society in general. This includes programs which address special company interests or areas of expertise, organizations that provide resources and information upon which the company depends, nonprofit organizations whose functions are important to the company and society, programs which contribute to the well-being of employees as well as their community, and volunteer efforts. Main areas of support are education and the environment. In addition, DuPont provides considerable support to the arts, health and human services organizations, and community and civic activities in communities where substantial company operations are located. The Committee on Contributions and Memberships is responsible for K-12 educational monetary donations and business memberships. Individual business units with locations throughout the world support programs relevant to their respective manufacturing, research, marketing, scientific, or community interests. Total Giving: $46,300,000 Grants Amount: $37,000,000 Highest Grant: $1,500,000 Lowest Grant: $500 Average Grant: 500-5000 In-Kind Amount: $9,300,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Education: DuPont supports quality education at all levels. The company helps to strengthen colleges and universities that are leaders in scientific research and supply them with trained professionals and new knowledge, primarily in the physical sciences, life and health sciences, engineering and business. K-12 education and math and science programs also receive special attention. The Committee on Educational Aid distributes grants to supplement the normal budget of selected academic departments in colleges and universities. Grants for research projects, endowments, and capital expenditures are not normally considered. ** Environment: DuPont supports initiatives aimed at improving the public's understanding of important environmental issues. Programs supported generally involve collaborative efforts with government, industry and the community at all levels; address environmental solutions which are held in high value by society; have identifiable and measurable goals; and have a positive impact on DuPont's environmental commitment. ** Health and Human Services: DuPont's principal channel for contributions and volunteer help in support of its communities is the United Way in 483 locations where the company has substantial operations and employees. Appropriate management assistance is provided to conduct effective employee campaigns. The company also provides support for hospital capital campaigns and health projects where facilities are used by employees and their families. An important consideration is whether the project will improve the quality of health care in a cost-effective manner. Other recipients include occupational medicine programs, organizations serving youth, minorities, the elderly and the handicapped, and education/prevention and research. In social welfare, the company is interested in poverty issues, the homeless, the elderly, childcare, disabled/handicapped, literacy, teen pregnancy, infant mortality, housing development, economic development, and youth, including at-risk youth. ** Minority Business: DuPont's commitment to the minority business community is formalized in the company's TEMPO (To Encourage Minority Purchasing Opportunities) program, which is dedicated to an increasingly efficient and effective working partnership with minority suppliers to create more opportunities leading to more business for both sides of the partnership. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas of company operations in U.S. and Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, and Venezuela; national and regional programs also supported. Program Limitations: No support for sectarian religious groups, fraternal organizations, veterans' groups, political organizations or campaigns, or disease-specific organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for endowments, student loans, surplus equipment, or advertising; generally no operating funds. Staff: 9 Application Information: Major regional or national organizations or programs in Wilmington, DE, write to headquarters in care of Committee on Contributions and Memberships, DuPont External Affairs; other projects should be addressed to nearest company site; most education grants are initiated by DuPont, but applications are accepted; requests for higher education grants should be sent to the Committee on Educational Aid, DuPont CR&D. Application form not required. Initial approach: Letter or proposal with cover letter; send request to headquarters or nearest company facility. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): Major requests should be received by Aug. Board meeting date(s): Corporate Committee meets in May and Oct.; major grants considered at annual budget review in Oct. Final notification: For grants which are included in DuPont's contribution budget, early Jan.; other grants, shortly after committee meeting. Write: Scott Nelson, Mgr., Contribs. and Community Affairs Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Emergency funds; Program development; Seed money; Fellowship funds; Scholarship funds ; Research; Donated equipment; Donated products; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Health care; Health organizations; Housing/shelter, development; Women, centers & services; Urban/community development; Community development; Federated giving programs; Engineering & technology; Science; Economics; Public policy, research; Minorities; Women; Canada; Belgium; France; Netherlands; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Switzerland; Germany; Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela; Indonesia; Singapore; Korea; Japan; Hong Kong; Australia; New Zealand; Visual arts; Museums; Performing arts; Libraries/library science; Secondary school/education; Business school/education; Engineering school/education; Physical/earth sciences; Mathematics; Engineering; Government/public administration; Human 484 services; Youth, services; Aging, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Voluntarism promotion; Disabled; Aging; Community development, small businesses National Council for Scientific and TechnologicalResearch (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas) Address: Gerencia de Investigación Industrial Tel: +58-2-2356466 Avenida Principal de Los Cortijos de Lourdes Fax: +58-2-2391979 Edf. Maploca II, Piso 3 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Home page: http://www.fundaciepe.plant.org In-Charge: Dr. Juan de Jesús Montilla, Presidente Contact with WAITRO: Ms. Ana Maria Alcazar de Llovera, Gerente de Cooperación Internacional History The National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICT) was created in 1967 and is an autonomous institution with the objective to promote processes of innovation through the development of scientific and technological research and the building of a national system for innovation (NSI). Its programmes comprise basic and applied research, the training of human resources, the creation and strengthening of information systems, the induction of changes in the structure of relations of the NSI agents and the promotion of links with the rest of the world in order to favour the participation of the NSI agents in international programmes. The Council also formulates the political policy of the NSI, acts as advisor to the national executive and coordinates actions with public and private organizations at the national level in different science, technology and innovation fields. Objectives To encourage the building of networks between different national agents, to finance R&D projects and provide scholarships, to establish and operate an information service on R&D. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Microelectronics applied to telecommunications, control, informatics, biotechnology applied to agriculture and pharmaceuticals, materials and construction equipment, agriculture equipment, development of small and medium industry and innovation processes. Specialized Fields: R&D financing, scholarships and innovation projects. Facilities and Services R&D information service, testing, consultancy, training and support for development of telematics services. 485 Publications RETO and REGISTRO (magazines). National Indicators of Science & Technology. Interests in International R&D Co-operation Microelectronics, telecommunications, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, materials, construction, agricultural equipment and capital goods, development of small and medium industry and innovation processes. Available Programmes/Opportunities Financing of basic and applied research, training, seminars, workshops and information systems. State Research Center for Experimental Agro-Industrial Production Address: Avda. Andrés Bello - Tel: +58-2-7813423 Edif. Centro Andrés Bello Fax: +58-2-7937564 Torre Este, Pico 5 Ofic. 54-E E-mail: [email protected] Caracas In-Charge: Dr. Rafael Avila, Executive Director Contact with WAITRO: Dr. Luis Sánchez Font, Research 6 Development Adviser History The Center was conceived and built by the Venezuelan Development Corporation (C.V.F.) from 1969 to 1973. In 1976 the Foundation was created by Presidential Decree. At the same time the objectives of the Center were clearly defined as oriented towards the development of the Venezuelan agro-industry through industrial research, training and technological consultancy. Objectives To support the development of Venezuelan agro-industry through industrial research, training and technological consultancy. Areas of R&D Activities Field of interest: Industrial fermentation, cereals and oilseed technology, processing of tropical fruits and vegetables, rheology of foods. Specialized Fields: Food science and technology. Facilities and Services Applied research, development, pilot plant operations, technical information, individual training, group training, standardization, quality control, performance testing. 486 Publications Boletín de Niticias Agroindustrials (monthly), Actualidades CIEPE (4 times a year). Interests in International R&D Co-operation Biotechnology in the area of agro-industry. Available Programmes/Opportunities About ten specialized courses a year on different topics in food technology, about 3 seminars per year. 487 For More Information on Venezuela http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ipsr/contents.html International Petroleum Statistics Report - EIA's latest monthly international petroleum data http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/venez.html EIA - Country Information on Venezuela http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/pgem/ch5n.html EIA Privatization Report - Venezuela http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/pgem/ch3c.html EIA Privatization Report (oil) - Venezuela http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/pgem/ch6f.html EIA Privatization Report (coal) - Venezuela http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/opec.html EIA OPEC Fact Sheet http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/ve1/wwwhmain.html U.S. Embassy in Caracas, Venezuela http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html CIA World Factbook - Venezuela http://www.ita.doc.gov/uscs/ccg98/ccgovene.html U.S. International Trade Administration, Country Commercial Guide - Executive Summary, Venezuela http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/venezuela.html U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy's International section - Venezuela http://travel.state.gov/venezuela.html U.S. State Department's Consular Information Sheet - Venezuela http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/venezuela_1299_bgn.html U.S. State Department Background Notes - Venezuela http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/vetoc.html Library of Congress Country Study on Venezuela(September 1987) http://www.state.gov/www/issues/economic/trade_reports/1999/venezuela.html U.S. State Department 1999 Country Reports On Economic Policy and Trade Practices -- Venezuela http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/sitc1/1998/c3070.html U.S. Department of Commerce -- U.S. Trade with Venezuela in 1998 http://www.pdv.com/english/corporacion_en.html PdVSA http://www.mining-technology.com/industry/venezuela.html Venezuela's Mining Industry http://www.latinworld.com/sur/venezuela/ LatinWorld's section on Venezuela http://www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/venezuela/ Latin America Network Information Center (LANIC) - Venezuela http://www.oilguide.com.ve/ Petroleum Guide for Venezuela 488 http://www.infoven.net/oil/ Venezuela Oil and Energy http://www.iadb.org Inter-American Development Bank http://www.opec.org/ OPEC http://www.embavenez-us.org/ Venezuelan Embassy in Washington, D.C. http://www.oas.org Organization of American States (OAS) http://www.georgetown.edu/pdba/ Political Database of the Americas http://www.aladi.org The Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) http://www.eclac.cl/ The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) http://www.secier.org.uy/ The Regional Electric Integration Commission (CIER) http://www.latinamericangas.com/ Latin American Gas online news http://www.petroleumworld.com/ Petroleum World.com -- Venezuela Oil and Gas 489 Chemically Related Affairs in Other Countries of Latin America Colombia National Overview - Colombia (Sources: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/colombia.html; http://www.redhucyt.oas.org/RLQ/colombia/universidades_colombia.html; http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html) With a population of 39 million and land size equivalent to New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana combined, Colombia currently is experiencing difficult economic conditions, registering more than a 3% contraction in gross domestic product (GDP) in 1999. From 1991 to 1998, Colombia's GDP growth averaged about 3.8% per year. The World Bank in November 1999 approved a $506-million loan as part of an overall World Bank strategy to promote peace in Colombia, reduce the impact of the current recession on Colombia's poor, and help the country rebuild after its largest earthquake of the century in January 1999. According to a December 1999 agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Colombia will receive a loan of $2.7 billion but must reduce its fiscal deficit and inflation rate. Wage freezes and tax increases are expected as the country works to reactivate growth. Despite its current difficulties, Colombia has a half- century history of overall sound government finances, and the government retains its solid investment grade rating from the leading international credit rating agencies. Colombia is in the process of developing a more attractive foreign investment environment. In early 2000, Colombia and Chile signed a foreign development and protection agreement that Colombia's foreign minister believes eliminates the risk to foreign investors in Colombia. Also in early 2000, President Andrés Pastrana announced his "Colombia Plan", which aims to spend $7.5 billion ($4 billion from Colombia and $3.5 billion from the United States and the international community) over three years to resolve conflicts with insurgent groups, fight illegal drug trafficking, modernize Colombian legal and military institutions, and strengthen the economy. Pastrana plans privatization in the energy, telecommunications, and banking industries. The country's recurring violence problems, with armed conflict between two main rebel groups and the government, have historically inhibited the growth of private investment. Oil is Colombia's largest export earner, and the country was the seventh-largest source of U.S. crude oil imports in 1999. However, current oil reserves are projected to last only for about a decade, and some analysts predict that Colombia could become a net oil importer by 2004. Encouraging foreign investment in oil exploration and production has become a top priority, as much of the country remains unexplored. The oil industry accounts for an estimated 4.5% of GDP and more than 20% of exports. Coal is also a major export earner, and privatization of the state coal company could bolster foreign investment and add to state coffers. The United States is Colombia's largest trade partner. Colombia seeks membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which currently includes Mexico, the United States, and Canada. President Pastrana reportedly aims to have his country accepted under the same conditions as Mexico. Chemically Related Affairs - Colombia 490 US / Colombian chemical and related product trade in 1999: US Imports US$ 330.49 million; US Exports: US$ 746.76. Key imports include inorganic chemicals; precious metal compounds; pigments, paints and varnishes; plates, sheets, film foil and strip plastics. Key exports include hydrocarbons and derivatives; organo-inorganic and heterocyclic compounds; polymers of ethylene; fertilizers; plastics in primary form. Thirty-nine higher education institutions provide degrees in some form of chemical science. Two institutions offer doctoral-level study. Chemical Engineering: Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Ciudad Universitaria-Carrera 27 Calle 9, Apartado 678 Tel: (98-57)34-3655, 34-3656, 45-2101, 45-7131; Fax: (98-57)35-0541. Chemisty: Universidad Nacional de Colombia Santafe de Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Ciudad Universitaria Apartado 14490; Tel: (98-57-1)244-2830, 244-4264, 244-2816, 269-1390; Fax: (98-57-1)221-9891. There are four key chemically related societies / associations with the Colombian Chemical Association being designated by Colciencias: Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología as representing the national interests of chemistry for the country. Key issues: deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions. Colombia is the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of cocaine to the US and other international drug markets; active aerial eradication program seeks to virtually eliminate coca and opium crops. 491 Research Centers - Colombia ORGANOMETALLIC RESEARCH CENTRES (source: http://www.scc.um.es) Grupo Sintesis de Compuestos de Coordinacion y Organometalicos, Depto. de Quimica, Fac. de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santa Fe de Bogota. COLOMBIA. POVEDA, Arnulfo, Dr.; E-Mail: [email protected]; FIERRO, Ricardo, Dr.; E-mail: [email protected]; PERILLA, Isabel C., Dra.; E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: 3165220 (Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry, Dinitrogen Complexes, Transition Metals, Small Molecules Activation, Selective Polymerization). 492 Cuba Country Overview – Cuba (source: http://www.cia.gov) Introduction Background: Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron will has held the country together since. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. The country is now slowly recovering from a severe economic recession following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies, worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually, in 1990. Havana blames its difficulties on the US embargo in place since 1962. Geography Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida Geographic coordinates: 21 30 N, 80 00 W Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total: 110,860 sq km land: 110,860 sq km water: 0 sq km Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania Land boundaries: total: 29 km border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba Coastline: 3,735 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m 493 highest point: Pico Turquino 2,005 m Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land Land use: arable land: 24% permanent crops: 7% permanent pastures: 27% forests and woodland: 24% other: 18% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 9,100 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common Environment - current issues: pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: largest country in Caribbean People Population: 11,141,997 (July 2000 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 21% (male 1,221,602; female 1,157,846) 15-64 years: 69% (male 3,849,135; female 3,829,599) 65 years and over: 10% (male 503,711; female 580,104) (2000 est.) Population growth rate: 0.39% (2000 est.) Birth rate: 12.68 births/1,000 population (2000 est.) Death rate: 7.31 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.) Net migration rate: -1.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.) 494 Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2000 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.21 years male: 73.84 years female: 78.73 years (2000 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (2000 est.) Nationality: noun: Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban Ethnic groups: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1% Religions: nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented Languages: Spanish Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.7% male: 96.2% female: 95.3% (1995 est.) People - note: illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, or falsified visas; some 3,800 Cubans took to the Florida Straits in 1999; the US Coast Guard interdicted about 40% of these migrants Government Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Cuba conventional short form: Cuba local long form: Republica de Cuba local short form: Cuba Data code: CU 495 Government type: Communist state Capital: Havana Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902) National holiday: Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953); Liberation Day, 1 January (1959) Constitution: 24 February 1976, amended July 1992 Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976, when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly note: there is also a Council of State whose members are elected by the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly; election last held 24 February 1998 (next election unscheduled) election results: Fidel CASTRO Ruz elected president; percent of legislative vote - 100%; Raul CASTRO Ruz elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 100% Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (601 seats, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year terms) 496 elections: last held 11 January 1998 (next to be held in 2003) election results: percent of vote - PCC 94.39%; seats - PCC 601 Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular; president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly Political parties and leaders: only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary] International organization participation: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Fernando REMIREZ DE ESTENOZ; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1] (202) 797-8518 Diplomatic representation from the US: none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Vicki HUDDLESTON; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada between L and M Streets, Vedado Seccion, Havana; telephone: 33-3551 through 3559 and 33-3543 through 3547 (operator assistance required); FAX: 33-3700; protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center Economy Economy - overview: The state under the durable dictatorship of Fidel CASTRO plays the primary role in the domestic economy and controls practically all foreign trade. The government has undertaken several reforms in recent years to stem excess liquidity, increase labor incentives, and alleviate serious shortages of food, consumer goods, and services. The liberalized agricultural markets introduced in October 1994, at which state and private farmers sell above- quota production at unrestricted prices, have broadened legal consumption alternatives and reduced black market prices. Government efforts to lower subsidies to unprofitable enterprises and to shrink the money supply caused the semi-official exchange rate for the Cuban peso to move from a peak of 120 to the dollar in the summer of 1994 to 21 to the dollar by yearend 1999. New taxes introduced in 1996 have helped drive down the number of self-employed workers from 208,000 in January 1996. Havana announced in 1995 that GDP declined by 35% during 1989-93, the result of lost Soviet aid and domestic inefficiencies. The drop in GDP apparently halted in 1994, when Cuba reported 0.7% growth, followed by increases of 2.5% in 1995 and 7.8% in 1996. Growth slowed again in 1997 and 1998 to 2.5% and 1.2% respectively. Growth 497 recovered again in 1999 with a 6.2% increase in GDP, due to the continued growth of tourism. Central control is complicated by the existence of the informal economy, much of which is denominated in dollars. Living standards for the average (dollarless) Cuban remain at a depressed level compared with 1990. The continuation of gradual economic reforms and increase in tourism suggest growth of 4% to 5% in 2000. GDP: purchasing power parity - $18.6 billion (1999 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 6.2% (1999 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,700 (1999 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 7.4% industry: 36.5% services: 56.1% (1997 est.) Population below poverty line: NA% Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.3% (1999 est.) Labor force: 4.5 million economically active population note: state sector 76%, non-state sector 24% (1996 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 23%, industry 24%, services 53% Unemployment rate: 6% (December 1999 est.) Budget: revenues: $13.5 billion expenditures: $14.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) Industries: sugar, petroleum, food, tobacco, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery Industrial production growth rate: 6% (1995 est.) Electricity - production: 15.274 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 89.52% hydro: 0.65% 498 nuclear: 0% other: 9.83% (1998) Electricity - consumption: 14.205 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998) Agriculture - products: sugarcane, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) Exports - commodities: sugar, nickel, tobacco, shellfish, medical products, citrus, coffee Exports - partners: Russia 25%, Netherlands 23%, Canada 16% (1999 est.) Imports: $3.2 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.) Imports - commodities: petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals Imports - partners: Spain 16%, Venezuela 15%, Mexico 7% (1999 est.) Debt - external: $11.2 billion (convertible currency, 1998); another $20 billion owed to Russia (1998) Economic aid - recipient: $68.2 million (1997 est.) Currency: 1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (nonconvertible, official rate, linked to the US dollar) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones - main lines in use: 353,000 (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 1,939 (1995) Telephone system: 499 domestic: principal trunk system, end to end of country, is coaxial cable; fiber-optic distribution in Havana and on Isla de la Juventud; 2 microwave radio relay installations (one is old, US-built; the other newer, Soviet-built); both analog and digital mobile cellular service established international: satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) Radio broadcast stations: AM 169, FM 55, shortwave 1 (1998) Radios: 3.9 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 58 (1997) Televisions: 2.64 million (1997) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (1999) Transportation Railways: total: 4,807 km standard gauge: 4,807 km 1.435-m gauge (147 km electrified) note: a large amount of track is in private use by sugar plantations Highways: total: 60,858 km paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway) unpaved: 31,038 km (1997 est.) Waterways: 240 km Ports and harbors: Cienfuegos, Havana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba Merchant marine: total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 63,269 GRT/90,228 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, liquified gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 5 (1999 est.) Airports: 170 (1999 est.) Airports - with paved runways: total: 77 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 500 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 35 (1999 est.) Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 93 914 to 1,523 m: 32 under 914 m: 61 (1999 est.) Military Military branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) includes ground forces, Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial Troops Militia (MTT), and Youth Labor Army (EJT); the Border Guard (TGF) is controlled by the Interior Ministry Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 3,079,352 females age 15-49: 3,022,063 (2000 est.) Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 1,906,172 females age 15-49: 1,865,369 (2000 est.) Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 80,771 females: 76,819 (2000 est.) Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA Military expenditures - percent of GDP: roughly 4% (FY95 est.) Military - note: Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993 Transnational Issues Disputes - international: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease 501 Illicit drugs: territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone for cocaine bound for the US and Europe; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999 CUBA AT A CROSSROADS Chemical & Engineering News Copyright © 1999 American Chemical Society At 40, Fidel Castro's revolution looks to science to help rescue its crippled economy William G. Schulz Earlier this month, the Republic of Cuba celebrated the 40th anniversary of Fidel Castro's communist revolution. Despite the punishing U.S. economic embargo that has lasted nearly as long, it is a revolution that has survived, often beating the odds placed against it. Beyond mere survival, there is also a very real sense in Cuba that the revolution has delivered--that untethered from the need to provide food, health care, and other basics, average Cubans today have more freedom to follow individual interests and passions. Gone are the days when their labor mostly served the corrupt Batista regime of the 1950s. Atmospheric corrosion has almost destroyed the unique 19th Century architecture of Havana's Malecon Boulevard. Since 1991, however, this island nation of nearly 11 million people has been locked in what the Communist Party of Cuba euphemistically calls the "special period." The term refers to the loss of economic subsidies from the former Soviet Union: That loss has contributed to as much as a 40% shrinkage of the Cuban economy in the 1990s. Coupled with a tightening of the U.S. embargo in 1996--after two sons of Cuban-American exiles were shot down and killed for invading Cuban airspace--it is a time of hardship that leaves many Cubans hungry at night and vulnerable every day to outbreaks of epidemic disease. Spare parts for the U.S.-made system that treats most of Cuba's drinking water are no longer available because of the economic embargo. According to the American Association for World Health, the U.S. committee for the World Health Organization, morbidity rates for waterborne diseases in Cuba have doubled since 1989, and dirty water has been linked to rising hospital outbreaks of infections such as sepsis. There were 51 outbreaks in 1995, affecting 349 patients and causing 60 deaths. The individual who has followed his dreams in this "workers' paradise" today might be a taxi driver who, on a rain-soaked Havana night, explains to a visitor that he is also a cardiologist. "A necessity," he says, tapping his fist lightly on the steering wheel of a rusted junker. "I have to feed my family." 502 Indeed, economic necessity drives many changes under way in Cuba today. One is an increased focus on diversifying Cuba's agrarian economic base. Along with tourism, nickel mining, and tobacco, Cuba is looking to science--particularly chemistry, biochemistry, and genetic engineering--to rescue its crippled economy from an overdependence on sugarcane. With a variety of new products, attractive marketing materials, and an infectious optimism, Cuban scientists see their work as key to renewed hope for one of the world's last communist systems. Still, after 40 years of Castro's revolution--which has long promised free-dom from the backbreaking labor demands of the sugar industry--sugar remains the country's primary source of hard currency. Worse, the economics of sugarcane simply do not add up to a self-sustaining economy for Cuba, especially considering the obvious needs of its crumbling infrastructure. After buoyant predictions for last year's harvest, for example, the Cuban government has announced 1998 crop yields so low that some analysts have placed Cuba's economic growth for the year at or near zero. One U.S. dollar buys about 20 Cuban pesos, and since Castro legalized the use of U.S. dollars in the 1990s, two economies have emerged creating distinct class differences between people who earn dollars--usually from tourism--and those who do not. Economists--including dissident economists in Cuba--have criticized the Communist Party's sudden shifts in policy that seek new hard-currency inputs, including its efforts in science. They say it is too little, too late--especially after years of squandering Soviet subsidies on what is now an outsized Cuban military and internal security apparatus. Addressing some of the latest efforts in science, a 1997 U.S. State Department report, "The U.S. Embargo and Health Care in Cuba: Myth vs. Reality," accuses the party of "actively developing a closed, parallel health care system for the Communist Party elite, foreign 'health tourists,' and others who can pay in hard currency." This dark view, however accurate it may be, is difficult to maintain on a tour of Havana's "Western Scientific Pole." Along a looping road near the outskirts of the city, it is a series of 38 scientific facilities staffed by many young scientists from throughout Cuba. The centers--Cuba boasts some 230 research centers nationwide--are devoted to R&D efforts in chemistry; biology; agricultural, industrial, and medical biotechnology; immunology; veterinary medicine; and pharmaceutical chemistry, to name several examples. Each center is "forward integrated," meaning that R&D, production, and marketing all are carried out under the aegis--if not the very roof--of each center. And each center can work with others as deemed necessary. The aim, says Alberto J. Núñez Sellés, director of the Center for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and president of the Cuban Chemical Society (CCS), is to develop and market products for Cuba as well as for markets in developing countries where large multinational corporations do not dominate. 503 Already, centers in this scientific pole have developed products such as a vaccine against Type B meningitis that thwarted an outbreak of the disease in Cuba in the 1990s. Cuba is now successfully marketing this vaccine to other nations where children are at risk for contracting the deadly disease. Cuban scientists also have begun testing a vaccine against AIDS, Sellés says, citing another example of a scourge that has exacted most of its grim toll in developing countries. The first center in Havana's scientific pole, founded in 1965, is the National Center for Scientific Research of Cuba (CNIC, its Spanish acronym). Its broad mission is to solve biomedical and scientific problems that have an economic or social importance to Cuba as well as to develop scientific-technical products that will be competitive in the international market. Lines of research span natural products chemistry, a neuroscience center, an ozone research center, a biotechnology direction, a chemistry direction, and a center for the development of biomedical and scientific equipment. Scientists at CNIC have developed new therapies for speech- and hearing-impaired children; treatments for sleep apnea and psychiatric disorders; the use of ozone to fight germs, speed the healing of wounds, and improve blood circulation; and an anticholera vaccine from techniques in genetic engineering. The center's chemistry division, Sellés says, also has produced materials for the controlled release of pharmaceuticals to treat asthma and chemotherapeutic agents to treat AIDS. Through its Dalmer marketing arm, CNIC is marketing its cholesterol-lowering drug, called PPG, as well as bone and ocular implants made from Cuban coral. The center also is developing coatings to combat atmospheric and marine corrosion of building materials, and corrosion-resistant concrete--a particular need in Cuba's high-humidity tropical environment. Only one in six buildings is considered in good shape in Old Havana, for example, the result of neglect as well as natural environmental conditions. At Cuba's Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (CIGB), Director Manuel Limonta describes the center's humble beginnings in 1981. At the request of President Castro, a small group of scientists, including Limonta, sought to produce leukocyte -interferon, thought to be a possibly effective treatment for cancer. Working from a lab set up in a small house, the team managed to produce the interferon in just 42 days. Today, Limonta explains,-interferon is better known for its use as an antiviral agent. Nonetheless, a grateful Castro rewarded the team's work with funding for the center that now supports more than 1,000 workers in eight divisions. A portrait of Castro--blowing a cloud of his once-trademark cigar smoke--dominates one wall of the entryway to CIGB's sparkling new building. The center's laboratories--192 in all--instrument rooms, and groomed campus reflect a large part of Cuba's $1 billion investment in biotechnology in the past 12 years. Its product line, sold through its marketing arm, Herber Biotec, includes a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, a recombinant cattle tick vaccine, a recombinant epidermal growth factor cream, industrial 504 enzymes, restriction and modification enzymes, diagnostic reagents and systems, and monoclonal antibodies. Herber's recombinant streptokinase--a medication used to destroy blood clots--has been patented in the U.S., Limonta says. In the research pipeline at CIGB, Limonta says, is a possible AIDS vaccine and disease-resistant strains of coffee, papaya, and pineapple plants. And cigar tobacco? "There is no need to produce a new Babe Ruth," he says smiling. At the Center for Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CQF), Sellés explains, some 200 researchers, graduate students, and technicians work in areas of organic and inorganic chemical synthesis, computer-aided correlation studies on structure-activity relationships, analytical and structural chemistry, biotransformation processes for obtaining bioactive metabolites, microorganism genetics, experimental pharmacology, preclinical toxicological evaluation, scale-up techniques, and process engineering systems. "We look at products near patent expiration," Sellés explains, "do reverse engineering, and are ready when the patent expires." The most significant product development at CQF is "Q-Ulcer" for the treatment of peptic and duodenal ulcers. The center also has developed anti-inflammatory agents, prostaglandins for veterinary use, and antitumor drugs. The center maintains a minimum rate of one product per year for introduction to the world market, a rate that Sellés says can sustain CQF in dollars. The economic benefit from such products from all of the research centers dovetails with values long espoused by the revolution. Since 1959--along with food and access to education--the government has emphasized health care for Cubans and other people among the world's poor. Rosa Elena Simeón, the minister of science, technology, and the environment, has said, "When I appraise science, I cannot think only about the millions of dollars it has meant for the country's economy. How do we value the lives of all the children who have not died since the vaccine against the meningococcus was applied?" Behind all of this scientific activity is the revolution's vaunted educational system that has produced results--in terms of basic literacy and other measures--unparalleled in Latin America and rivaling most developing nations. By some counts, Cuba has trained about 62,000 medical doctors, some of whom recently were dispatched to aid flood relief in devastated Nicaragua and Honduras. Education of Cuba's best and brightest begins at schools like the Lenin Vocational School near Havana, opened by Castro and former Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev in 1974. It is a boarding school--the equivalent of high school in the U.S.--and its 3,300 students are selected by exams and their earlier grades. There are 14 such schools in Cuba. Campus of the Lenin Vocational School in Havana. The Lenin School emphasizes science, but students are allowed to pursue a range of academic studies. They follow a rigorous schedule of study, athletics, and cultural activities that begins at 505 6 AM and keeps them busy until bedtime at 10 PM. They are allowed some television viewing in the evening, and home visits are possible on weekends. Ninety-five percent of graduates from these schools go on to attend a university. At the University of Havana, founded in 1728, chemistry is among 14 liberal arts departments. The dean of chemistry, Leslie Yáñez González, earns about $25 a month. Unlike many Cubans who must depend on public transportation or shared rides, she does own a car. University education is free to qualifying students in Cuba, and it includes textbooks and materials. Textbooks are recycled among students, however, and many textbooks are old and out-of-date--to say nothing of the department's lack of materials and laboratory equipment. The university, González says, relies on donations of textbooks or, when a professor travels, he or she may buy books that can be added to the chemistry library. Internet access and e-mail contacts have eased the situation somewhat, but those are certainly not long-term solutions. Hauptman: lack of equipment. The university also can make money by "renting out" professors to schools in other countries. "We can send a professor out for a semester and get a fax machine in return," González says. Professors who travel with a contract bring in money, and those who travel for research work may come back with a donation. All transportation, lodging, and so forth for any professor's travel must come from invitees or from sources outside the university. González: textbook donations Both students and professors are responsible for a student's success, González says. Because the economic situation limits textbooks and materials, there is a focus on the didactic aspects of education. After five years of study, students receive a B.A. degree. The government quantifies the number of chemists the university should graduate, which is based on the current needs of Cuba's research centers and institutes. It is much the same system for other science disciplines. In the past 30 years, Sellés estimates, 160,000 people in Cuba have graduated with degrees in chemistry. Graduating students take comprehensive exams and then are ranked according to their grades. This ranking allows faculty to match students with the various research institutes. Students with the highest ranking have the greatest number of choices in terms of where they will work for the required two years of government service. Postgraduate study is more complex, especially today. Many faculty members at the University of Havana who spoke with C&EN completed their postgraduate work in the Soviet Union, its satellites, or at European universities. Today, obtaining a visa to travel abroad is difficult--many Cubans don't come back, confided one professor. But lack of money and the need to earn a 506 living are probably among the biggest factors inhibiting postgraduate education. In the end, most chemists who do receive the equivalent of a Ph.D. degree in Cuba are in their late thirties. International interest in Cuban science--particularly in Canada and Western Europe--also has grown. In part, that is because Cuban scientists have been forced to work around the constraints of the U.S. embargo. Advanced scientific instruments built in the U.S. or marketed by U.S. companies, for example, are prohibited from sale to Cuba. More than one Cuban chemist told C&EN of "traveling to the equipment" or spending large amounts of money to obtain reagents or other chemicals that could be had for far less--if only nearby U.S. companies could sell them in Cuba. Rather than isolate Cuban scientists, the embargo has instead often drawn sympathetic attention to their plight. In February 1997, five Cuban chemists were barred from entering and attending a scientific meeting in the U.S. According to Zafra M. Lerman, chair of the American Chemical Society Subcommittee on Scientific Freedom & Human Rights, at a meeting with State Department officials in May 1997 to sort out the situation, the officials told her and representatives from other scientific societies that they were wary of the Cubans' description as "quantum chemists," and thus entry to the U.S. was denied. More recently, a group of U.S. scientists who sought licenses from the U.S. Treasury Department to spend money in Cuba to attend an international biotechnology meeting were first encouraged only to have their hopes dashed by Treasury officials as the date of the meeting drew near. When canceling his registration and apologizing to Cuban colleagues, one of the would-be participants wrote in an e-mail message (a copy of which was provided to C&EN): "It is such a stupid policy. . . . Most people now feel as I do that it is now very risky to attempt to come to Cuba since if discovered by the State Department they could direct the [National Institutes of Health] or [the National Science Foundation] to stop our funding (end of career in science) as well as place high fines on us and force us to defend ourselves legally, which could cost a lot in lawyers' fees." On the other hand, several U.S. chemists--including Lerman, who is a professor of science and head of the Institute for Science Education & Science Communication at Columbia College of Chicago--were granted licenses allowing them to attend the 3rd International Cuban Chemical Congress, held Dec. 1-4 in Havana, but only after Lerman fired off a round of letters to various U.S. legislators demanding Treasury Department action. The U.S. chemists' trip was organized by Lerman with considerable assistance from John M. Malin, who heads the ACS Office of International Activities. With Lerman were Pratibha Varma-Nelson, Babu George, David A. Katz, and Morton Z. Hoffman--all members of the ACS Division of Chemical Education. The Cuban Chemical Congress, cosponsored by the International Union of Pure & Applied 507 Chemistry, drew more than 400 attendees from around Latin America. More than 643 papers were presented on a wide range of topics, including education, history of chemistry, environmental chemistry, chemistry in biology, and chemistry as a basic science. An opening ceremony, which included a presentation of Cuban music, was followed by a talk by Sellés called "Present Situation of Science in Cuba: Results & Perspectives." For all of their time, effort, and frustration--one license to travel to Cuba was rejected by the U.S. Treasury Department on the first try--most members of the U.S. group departed Havana glad they had gone. Paul H. L. Walter, who was ACS president when he attended the December congress, concluded that "The blockade does bad things for the U.S. and the Cuban people, and Castro and Canada win." He was referring to the fact that much of the business the Cuban government could conduct in the U.S. is done in Canada instead. Among the many critics of U.S. policy toward Cuba and its impact on scientific collaboration, Rep. Barbara Lee (D-Calif.)--a member of the House Science Committee who recently traveled to Havana with a delegation of the National Medical Association--has questioned the constitutionality of the travel restrictions. "Scientists should have a right to travel," she says emphatically. Despite Cuba's achievements in chemistry and other disciplines and the impressive creativity of its scientists at a time of such dire economic and political straits, at least one chemistry Nobel Laureate, Herbert A. Hauptman, president of the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute in Buffalo, N.Y., nonetheless describes chemistry in Cuba as "backward." That state, he says, is because of the lack of advanced scientific equipment, including the X-ray crystallography equipment he invented along with Nobel corecipient, chemist Jerome Karle of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. "In all of Cuba, there is not one of these instruments," he said at a press conference during the recent Cuban Chemical Congress. "In the U.S., by comparison, there must be hundreds of these instruments." Walter has a somewhat different take. Impressed with the rigor of the Cuban educational system, he says, "U.S. students must compete with those of Cuba, Germany, Singapore, and so on, if they are to succeed." He does criticize an overreliance on theory in the teaching of chemistry in Cuba--doubtless a condition of its overall lack of money and materials for experimental work. Gabriel A. Infante, president of the Latin American Federation of Chemical Associations and a professor of chemistry at Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, describes Cuban chemistry as "okay," but he, too, criticizes Cuba's chemistry education. He points out the lack of textbooks and the teaching of methods in analytical chemistry that are at least 15 years old. "The most important thing is they have the people to do it," he says. "It's just that they need help." 508 Ernest Eliel remembers the Cuba of a bygone era Walking down the streets of Old Havana with Ernest L. Eliel is a voyage to a bygone era in Cuba. After a dinner at the famed El Floridita--the haunt of another Ernest, last name Hemingway--he stops and suddenly exclaims, "Oh gosh, it's the old Johnson's Drugstore." And sure enough, a sign on the ancient-looking pharmacy reads exactly that. Though state-owned today, it is still open for business, dispensing powders, pills, and other ministrations to ailing Cubans. Eliel--a former American Chemical Society president and an emeritus professor of chemistry at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill--received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Havana in May 1946. Although not his first trip in recent years, Eliel was invited back to Havana by the Cuban Chemical Society to attend the 3rd International Cuban Chemical Congress held early last month. As a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, he says, "Cuba gave me asylum at a time when no other country did." Eliel's route to Havana from Germany was circuitous. He stopped first in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he completed a year of studies at the University of Edinburgh. After the fall of France in 1940, the British became nervous, and Eliel left Europe on a Polish ship bound for Canada. Complications in Canada and his U.S. relatives' successful efforts to secure for him a Cuban visa meant that Eliel was soon bound for Havana. Cuba at that time, Eliel remembers, was made up of a very small number of very rich people, a small middle class, and an enormously large number of very poor people who lived in hovels and subsisted on bananas. "It was a very unequal society," he says, "dominated by the U.S., both politically and economically. "I did feel like an outsider in Cuba," he says. "It was not that the Cubans were unfriendly." Rather, Eliel says, he was a very serious student, and the Cubans he knew from the university may have been slightly put off by the high standards he set for himself. By the time Eliel received his degree, World War II was over, and it was no longer difficult to obtain an immigration visa for the U.S. He went on to pursue graduate studies in chemistry at the University of Illinois and the rest of his distinguished career in chemistry. 509 Event: First International Meeting on Chemistry Organizers: The Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy of the Central University of Las Villas, Co-Sponsors: Cuban Chemical Society, and the Cuban Ministry of Higher Education Location: Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba Number of Attendees: ~150 (foreign participants: Mexico (10 from UNAM and IPN), Brazil, Nicaragua, Spain, USA. Program Themes: Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Education. 510 RIO DE JANEIRO, July 25 (Reuters) - Cuba is keen to import a range of agricultural products from South America's farming giant Brazil as part of a bilateral trade partnership, the Agriculture Ministry said on Tuesday. "Cuba intends to raise bilateral trade with Brazil...the Cubans want to import corn, soy, chicken and rice," the ministry said in a statement, adding that the two nations would sign an agricultural co-operation deal by the end of the year. Citing rice as an example, the ministry said Cuba currently had an annual requirement of some 600,000 tonnes but only produced half this amount. While the island already bought rice from Vietnam and other Asian nations, it also wanted to buy from Brazil due to competitive prices. Cuba was also interested in acquiring some of Brazil's technical expertise with genetic crop improvement and systems to produce alcohol from sugarcane -- Cuba's key export earner. The communist nation wanted to "intensify negotations with Mercosur", the statement said, citing the Cuban ambassador to Brazil. Mercosur is the world's largest trade bloc and, along with Brazil, has Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay as members. In exchange, Cuba may be able to offer some of its advanced research on sugarcane, particularly its usage in making derivative products such as fertilizers and paper, it added. Cuba's production of agricultural machinery and insecticides was also mentioned as a possible area of bilateral trade. 511 TABLE-Estimates of U.S.-Cuba trade if no embargo Historical profile Despite its name, the Spanish conquistadores found no gold in Costa Rica (rich coast). The land had only a tiny population of migrant American Indians. It was settled by poor farmers. 1821 Gained independence from Spain. 1889 Costa Rica embraced democracy. 1948 The result of the presidential election was annulled after the government's candidate, Rafael Calderon, who came second, refused to accept defeat. An opposition leader, Jose Figueres, led a revolt in favour of the winning candidate, Otilio Ulate. An interim regime was set up, the constitution was changed, the army was abolished, and Otilio Ulate became president. 1953 Jose Figueres Ferrer, a democratic socialist, and leader of the Partido Liberacion Nacional (PLN) (National Liberation Party), won the election. He began to effect social reforms with the help of the reformist bishop of San Jose, and a communist union leader, and remained president until 1958. Figueres was president for a second time between 1970-74. 1998 Miguel Angel Rodriguez of the Partido Unidad Social Cristiana (PUSC) was elected president in February. He took over from Jose Maria Figueres in May (president since 1994). Political structure Constitution Under the November 1949 constitution, government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) is considered a fourth power and its five members are appointed by the Legislative Assembly for five years. In 1995 it was agreed that the period between elections would be increased from four to five years. Costa Rican citizens of at least 18 years of age are eligibile to vote. Form of state 512 Republic The executive Executive power is held by the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term - if a 40 per cent vote for any candidate is not obtained a second ballot is held. The term is not renewable. The president appoints, and is assisted by, a 22-member cabinet. National legislature The legislature is the unicameral 57-member Legislative Assembly elected at the same time as the president, also for a five-year term. Legal system The legal system is based on the Spanish civil law system. There are judicial reviews of legislative acts in the Supreme Court. Justices are elected for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly. Costa Rica has not accepted compulsory International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction. Political parties Main opposition party The main opposition party is the Partido Liberacion Nacional (PLN) (National Liberation Party) (23 seats). Other political parties National Integration Party (PIN); National Independent Party (PNI); People's United Party (PPU); National Christian Alliance Party (ANC); Democratic Force Party (PF D); Libertarian Movement Party (PML); Costa Rican Renovation Party (PRC); New Democratic Party (PDN); National Rescue Party (PRN); Democratic Party ( PD) Independent Party (PI) and Agriculture Labour Action. Population 3.7 million (1999 estimate). 513 Annual population growth rate: 1.8 per cent (1990-97). Life expectancy: 77 years. The rate of infant mortality: 12 per 1,000 live births (1990- 97). Population density is 64 inhabitants per sq km. Ethnic make-up The majority of the population, 98 per cent, is white or racially mixed, except in Limon province on the Caribbean coast, where an estimated 70,000 blacks and 5,000 Indians live. The Northern Guanacaste province also has a sizeable Indian population. Religions Roman Catholic Church (approximately 2.33m followers); Methodist Church (estimated 6,000 followers); Baptist Church; Episcopalian Church; Jewish and Bahai Faith. Labour market and unemployment The labour force contains approximately 1m people; it is expected to increase to 2m by 2010. Approximately 30 per cent of the labour force is female. Costa Rica is renowned in the region for its highly skilled, low-cost labour force (95 per cent of the population is literate). Approximately 20 per cent of the labour force is employed in agriculture, 24 per cent in industry and 48 per cent in the services sector. The unemployment rate was 6.2 per cent in 1999; underemployment was around 7 per cent. Education Education is compulsory at the elementary level, between the ages of six and 13, and is free at both elementary and secondary level. State- owned and private primary and secondary schools are of a high standard and the country has one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America Costa Ricans are very proud of their education system, with about 12,000 university graduates joining the workforce each year. Costa Rica has 250,000 graduates from higher education per annum and 630,000 graduates from secondary academic schools and around 50,000 graduates of vocational schools. 514 Health Health services are provided by health insurance and through Ministry of Health units which operate a preventive health programme in all parts of the country. Life expectancy in Costa Rica exceeds the average for industrial nations. On average, Costa Rican governments spend 20.5 per cent of their budget on health. Most of Costa Rica's health services are supplied by the Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS), an independent state institution which operates a national insurance fund. The CCSS provides Costa Rica with two million hospital bed days per year. Despite these figures, there are only just over two beds and 0.8 consultants per thousand people. Nevertheless, infant mortality is only 12 per thousand and only 10 per cent of all deaths are caused by prenatal or infectious diseases. Immunisation programmes against measles, diphtheria, polio and tetanus are very successful with between 85 and 95 per cent of all relevant age children being immunised. Welfare The state-owned National Insurance Institute (INS), administers all social security insurance. Wage-earners and their dependants enjoy disability and retirement pensions, workers' compensation and family assistance. Although the majority of the population has a relatively high standard of living, an estimated 20 per cent of the population lives in relative poverty; the Rodriguez government aims to reduce this by a quarter. Main cities San Jose (population 340,000 (1997); 1.4m including suburbs), Puerto Limon, Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia, Puntarenas, Liberia. Languages spoken Spanish is the official language. Business is conducted in Spanish but many executives speak English. Some French, German and Italian are also spoken. Media Press 515 Dailies: The major daily newspapers are La Nacion, La Republica, Al- Dia, La Prensa Libre and La Extra. Weeklies: The financial weekly El Financiero is published every Monday. The Tico Times is an English-language weekly, concentrating on news. Costa Rica Today is a bi-lingual English/Spanish weekly, concentrating on tourism. Radio: There are over 100 commercial radio stations and several cultural and religious networks. It is estimated that 98 per cent of the population has a radio. Television: There are eight commercial stations, covering 90 per cent of the country and a state- owned system. Three cable companies offer international programming. There are over 650,000 television sets. Advertising Even though the advertising market in Costa Rica is growing, it is still relatively small and fragmented. Economy Costa Rica's relatively healthy economy depends on tourism, agriculture, and electronics exports. Poverty has been substantially reduced over the past 15 years and a strong social safety net has been put into place. Increased foreign and domestic borrowing and growing inflation forced the government to introduce a macroeconomic stabilisation programme in 1994/95. Much of Costa Rica's domestic debt is due to generous welfare benefits: a national health service, old-age pensions and free university education. Stringent austerity programmes were introduced in 1994 and 1995 and in 1996 the return of macroeconomic stability coincided with the end of US economic aid to Costa Rica. The Figueres government (1994-98) turned its attention to cutting the internal debt and reducing inflation. Structural reforms included improved tax administration and management of public spending, increased participation by the private sector, and reform of the financial sector. 516 The Rodriguez government inherited an economy beginning to show signs of growth after GDP grew by only 2 per cent in 1996. Government expenditure was cut in 1998 and an austerity budget introduced for 1999. Costa Rica's former dependency on a handful of agricultural products, such as bananas and coffee, has been reduced in recent years, but the health of Costa Rica is still overwhelmingly reliant on two factors; the level and stability of global markets for Costa Rican agricultural goods, and upon the scale and scope of future operations of Intel International which accounts for around 7 per cent of GDP. Certain forecasts point out that once the Intel International plant reaches full capacity by mid- 2000, the economy's rate of growth will plunge. External trade There were impressive trade revenues in 1999 due largely to exports by Intel International, an American semi-conductor maker. Exports of computer products were estimated to have exceeded US $ 2bn in 1999. Although the government of President Rodriguez has invested considerable efforts into encouraging further growth of the high- technology manufacturing base - the vast bulk of which is exported - there are concerns about the long-term effect of what many regard as strategic dependency. As recent as early 2000, the president of the central bank, Eduardo Lizano, expressed his anxiety over the importance of Intel International's operations upon the overall economic well- being of Costa Rica. Exports Total exports increased to US $ 6.6bn in the first seven months of 1999, up from 5.6bn in 1998. Main exports are industrial goods (typically 37% of total), bananas (22%), coffee (13%). Other products include assembled electronics, chemicals and metal processing, cocoa, sugar, fertilisers and flowers. Main destinations: USA (typically 37% of total), Germany (7%), Italy (5%). Imports 517 Imports increased to US $ 6.3bn in 1999, comapred to US $ 5.8bn in 1998. Main imports are industrial raw materials (typically 40% of total), capital goods (17%), non- durable consumer goods (14%), oil and oil products (6%), transport equipment (3%), construction materials (3%) and agricultural raw materials (2%). Main sources: USA (typically 36% total), Venezuela (5%), Mexico (5%). Agriculture The agricultural sector contributes around 15 per cent to GDP and employs 20 per cent of the workforce. The share of traditional agricultural exports declined from 95 per cent of total exports in 1990 to 30 per cent in 1999. Around 10 per cent of the total land is cultivated arable land, 25 per cent pasture and over 50 per cent woodland and forest. Most important cash crops are coffee, bananas and sugar. A considerable amount of meat, mostly beef, is also exported. Production of cash crops has risen in recent years, but increased exports have tended to be offset by falling prices. Bananas account for nearly one-quarter of Costa Rica's exports. Staple food crops including rice, maize and beans are grown although Costa Rica is not self- sufficient in these. Non-traditional products include tropical fruits, ornamental plants and cut flowers. Fishing Most of Costa Rica's fishing industry is concentrated on the Pacific coast and although this is a sector with a lot of potential, it is in need of reorganisation. Shrimp fishing has decreased due to overfishing, but the potential for tuna, shark and sardine fishing has remained largely unexploited due to a lack of investment in modern canning factories. 518 In April 2000, Ecology and Environment Inc., a US-based company, raised, harvested, and sold approximately 65 tonnes of high-quality shrimp from its wholly owned shrimp aquaculture facility in Costa Rica. The shrimp were sold to a customer in Spain, as well as to Empress International of New York, which is expected to become the primary future buyer. Industry and manufacturing Unlike other Central American countries, the industrial sector rather than agricultural production dominates the economy, contributing around 23 per cent to annual GDP and employing 24 per cent of the workforce. The manufacturing sector alone contributes 18 per cent to GDP and is concentrated on export-oriented processing of agricultural products. Costa Rica's manufacturing sector is divided into small- to medium- companies producing among other things shoes, packing materials, glass and leather goods, and larger companies involved in producing beer, cement, paper, textiles and palm oil. There is also a growing number of companies involved in the processing of fish, fruit and meat. Other important industries are petroleum refining and pulp/paper processing. The government's promotion of the manufacturing sector with investment incentives and tax holidays has largely been curtailed in the name of fiscal discipline. There are industrial free zones (Zonas Francas), where incentives apply, at Puerto Limon, Puntarenas and Cartago. Privatisation of state-run industries is in progress. Costa Rica has one of the lowest unit costs among developing countries for the creation of new jobs. Tourism The tourism sector is one of Costa Rica's biggest foreign currency earners where eco-tourism is growing. In 1998, hotel chains planned to invest US $ 155m in building 24 new hotels with a total of 2,000 rooms, mainly in Guanacaste and Puntarenas, on the Pacific coast. However, infrastructure needs to be extended further to support the tourist trade. Tourism revenues increased by 20 per cent in 1998 to US $ 829m. Most visitors are from North America. Environment 519 Since the 1960s and 1970s, the Costa Rican authorities have been increasingly anxious to protect the environment. By the end of the 1990s some 27 per cent of the total land area was protected, and there has also been a great deal of success in protecting valuable natural resources in a sustainable way, while at the sametime promoting a growing eco-tourism sector. Mining Small quantities of gold and silver are mined in the western part of Costa Rica. Deposits of manganese, nickel, mercury, and sulfur are largely unworked. Petroleum deposits have been found in the south, but not exploited. Salt is produced from seawater. Discovery of a valuable bauxite deposit in Boruca area prompted large- scale investment in an aluminium smelting plant. Commercial deposits of iron ore may also be present. The mining sector's contribution to the economy is negligible. Energy Electricity generation is predominantly hydroelectric. Geothermal and wind generation is also present. There is huge potential for generating hydroelectricity. Despite years of sustained investment in the electricity sector, Costa Rica is having difficulty keeping up with domestic demand, which grew at 8 per cent per year in the 1990s. In 1998, the president announced plans to open up the electricity market to competition, although these plans have caused political controversy. Financial markets Stock exchange The main stock exchange in Costa Rica, the Bolsa Nacional de Valores (BNV), was established in 1976. There are 31 brokerage houses attached to it who conduct the small amount of investment banking which is carried out. Most transactions are in finance ministry debt and Central Bank monetary stabilisation bonds. The stock market index is the ALDESA and all shares are traded electronically. There is another exchange, the Bolsa Electronica de Valores de Costa Rica (BEVCR), which trades in the same amount of paper and shares. There is an agricultural commodities exchange, set up in 1990 and trading in coffee, maize, potatoes and timber. Banking 520 The financial sector is being reformed, with regulations introduced for the interbank market and for offshore banking operations. Central bank Banco Central de Costa Rica. Main financial centre San Jose. Membership of international organisations BCIE, Central American Common Market, Central American Democratic Community, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IDB, IAEA, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, Inter- American Development Bank (IDB), INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, IWC, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, World Bank, WTO. Time GMT -6hrs. Geography Costa Rica is the second smallest country in Central America after El Salvador. The country lies between Nicaragua and Panama and has coastlines on the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. A low, thin line of hills between Lake Nicaragua and the Pacific is prolonged into northern Costa Rica, broadening and rising into high and rugged mountains in the centre and south. The capital city, San Jose, lies in the Meseta central basin set in these highlands. Both coasts have lowland areas. The sparsely inhabited east coast has a narrow swamp strip and tropical forests as the terrain slopes inland. The Pacific coast has two peninsulas: the mountainous Nicoya peninsula in the north and the lowland Osa peninsula in the south. A rich lowland savannah patched by deciduous forests stretches along the Pacific coast between the two peninsulas. Climate Costa Rica's weather is influenced by altitude. The Pacific coast is drier while the Caribbean coast has the most rainfall - about 300 days a year. It is hot and humid in lowland coastal areas; temperate and warm in central highlands. The dry season is Dec-May; the rainy season runs from June-Nov; The temperature in San Jose ranges from a high of 24-27 degrees C to a low of 14-16 degrees C. The hottest months are March and April. Earth tremors can occur during periods of seasonal change. Dress codes 521 Formal dress is required for business engagements. Shorts, especially for women, are for the beach or country club and should not be worn in restaurants or at parties. Women can wear trousers. Strapless dresses are only acceptable for evening events. Entry requirements Passports Passports are required by all, and must be carried at all times. Passports must be valid for at least six months. Visa Visas are required by all except nationals of EU countries, (excluding France, Greece, Ireland), Canada, Japan, Israel, Scandinavian countries, Austria, Switzerland and certain others. Exit permits are required by all whose stay exceeds 30 days, except those with an authorised stay of 90 days. Regulations are liable to change at short notice; check with embassy/consulate. Prohibited entry Entry is refused to persons of unkempt appearance or without sufficient funds (minimum US $ 200), who will be deported immediately. Currency advice/regulations No restrictions on import of foreign or local currency. Foreign currency should be changed only at banks and authorised bureaux. Street- corner foreign exchange transactions are illegal. Visitors may change excess local currency back to US dollars, but only at main offices of state commercial banks and on production of an onward airline ticket and passport. Customs It is prohibited to import arms and drugs. Import tariffs range from 1 to 20 per cent except for vehicles, textiles, shoes, clothing, (which are higher). Food products and medicines require registration Health (for visitors) Mandatory precautions There are no compulsory vaccinations. Advisable precautions 522 Typhoid, tetanus, hepatitis 'A' and polio vaccinations are advised. There is a malaria risk in some low-lying areas - prophylaxis is advisable if visiting the provinces of Limon, Guanacaste, Alajuela and Heredia. Dengue fever mosquitoes are present throughout the country. Water precautions should be taken outside of San Jose. There is a risk of rabies. Hotels It is advisable to book well in advance. A 3 per cent tourism tax, 10 per cent sales tax and 10 per cent service charge will be added to the bill. Gratuities of around 5-10 per cent are also expected. Public holidays Fixed dates 1 Jan (New Year's Day), 11 Apr (Anniversary of the Battle of Rivas), 1 May (Labour Day), 29 Jun (St Peter and St Paul), 25 Jul (Anniversary of the Annexation of Guanacastle Province), 2 Aug (Our Lady of the Angels), 15 Aug (Assumption/Mothers' Day), 15 Sep (Independence Day), 12 Oct (Columbus Day), 8 Dec (Immaculate Conception), 24 Dec (Christmas Eve), 25 Dec (Christmas Day), 28-31 Dec (San Jose only). Variable dates Maundy Thursday, Good Friday. Working hours Banking Mon-Fri: 0900-1500. Business Mon-Fri: 0800-1200; 1400-1600. Government Mon-Fri: 0800-1600. Shops Mon-Sat: 0900-1800/1900. 523 Telecommunications Costa Rica has one of the most modern systems of communications in the region. Telephone, telex, facsimile, packet switching and private leased channels for data transmission and reception are available. All telecommunications are handled by the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) (Costa Rican Electricity Institute). Radiografica Costarricense (RACSA) is the government agency responsible for all written telecommunications and data transmission services. Telephone/fax There are 169 telephone mainlines per 1,000 people. There is a significant disparity between rural and urban areas. Mobile phones There are 20 mobile phones per 1,000 people. Internet/e-mail There are 10 Internet hosts per 10,000 people. Electricity supply 110/220V AC, 60 Hz. Two-pin plugs are standard. Social customs/useful tips Appointments must be made in advance. It is customary to shake hands on meeting and taking leave. The usual form of address is Don for a man, and Dona for a woman, followed by the first name. Business cards to indicate academic/professional titles are exchanged after introduction. Costa Ricans are not very punctual for social activities, except for football matches, the cinema and weddings, but are more formal with their business appointments. Mothers are regarded as the leading family figures; grandparents and elders are highly respected. The national pastimes are football and politics. The people have a strong sense of democracy. Costa Ricans are called Ticos, for short. Although a service charge is added to restaurant and hotel bills, gratuities of 5-10 per cent are also expected. Security 524 Petty crime is frequent. Thefts, especially in urban areas, and car break-ins are common. Thefts take place on the street and from cars. The loss or theft of a passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the relevant embassy. Some remote trails in national parks have been closed because of the low number of visitors and reported robberies of hikers in the area. Tourists should check with forest rangers for current park conditions. There are pickpockets in downtown San Jose. Beware of mugging in the national parks at night and of theft at beaches and ports. Getting there Air National airline: LACSA (Lineas Areas Costarricenses). Main airport: San Jose Juan Santamaria International (SJO), 17km from city. Airport tax: International departures: nationals US $ 37, resident aliens US $ 57, non-residents US $ 15. Surface Road: It is possible to travel overland from North or Central America. The nearest US town is Brownsville, Texas, on the Mexican border. From there it is about 4,000km by road to San Jose, crossing Mexico and going through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and into Costa Rica. There is one major crossing point between Nicaragua and Costa Rica at Penas Blancas, which is not a town, so there is nowhere to stay. There are two border crossings between Panama and Costa Rica. Water: Freighters may accept a small number of passengers, and private yachts cruise down the Pacific coast from North America. Getting about National transport Air: SANSA is the main domestic carrier and operates very cheap regular flights from San Jose to provincial towns (e.g. San Jose to Golfito near the south-west border, 55 minutes). Travelair also provides domestic services. There is a bus service from the airline office in San Jose to the airport. It is advisable to book in advance. A number of smaller airlines provide internal flights. There are over 200 small airfields throughout the country. Road: Taxis are a form of public transport outside urban areas and can be hired by the hour, half- day or the day. Arrange the fare beforehand. Buses: There are bus services around the country, but both the quality of services and prices vary 525 considerably. Major tourist areas are better provided with short-distance buses services. Rail: There is a short commuter train which links San Jose with Heredia and one which links Puerto Limon with the Rio Estrella area. There is also a 'banana train' which travels on a section of track in the banana plantations around Guapiles. Water: There are passenger and car ferries in operation. City transport Taxis: Within San Jose taxis can be hailed or ordered by telephone (235- 9966, 22l-8466, 221- 2552); they have white number plates; checking fixed-rate fare beforehand is generally advised. Tipping is unnecessary. All taxis are red except those serving the Juan Santamaria international airport which are orange. In San Jose make sure the electronic meter is used from 0600-2100. Buses/trams: Local buses serve urban and suburban areas. Buses between Alajuela and San Jose pass the airport several times an hour. Car hire A temporary permit must be obtained from local traffic authorities on production of a national licence. Always carry a driving licence. There are tough drink-drive laws - the penalty includes having your driving licence impounded for a minimum of three years. BUSINESS DIRECTORY Telephone area codes The international direct dialling (IDD) code for Costa Rica is + 506 followed by the customer number. Hotel addresses San Jose Ambassador, Calle 26 and 28, Avenida Central, Paseo Colon, PO Box 10186 (tel: 221-8155, 221-8089; fax: 255-3396). Aurola, Calle 5, Avenida 5, PO Box 7802, 1000 (tel: 233-7233; fax: 255- 1036; e-mail: [email protected]). Balmoral, Calle 7 y 9, Ave Central, PO Box 3344 (tel: 222-5022; fax: 221-7826). Cariari, PO Box 737-1007, San Jose (tel: 239-0022; fax: 239-3007). Europa, Calle Central, Avenida 5, PO Box 72 (tel: 222-1222; fax: 221- 3976; e-mail: 526 [email protected]). Gran Costa Rica, Av 1 & 2, Calle 3, PO Box 527, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221- 4000, 221-9706; fax: 221-3501; e-mail: [email protected]). Holiday Inn Aurola, Calle 5, Ave 5 (tel: 233-7233, 233-7036; fax: 255- 1036). Irazu, La Uruca, PO Box 962 (tel: 232-4811, 220-1441; fax: 232-4549). La Sabana, Sabana North, PO Box 11400-1000 (tel: 220-2422, 296-0876; fax: 231-7386; e-mail: [email protected]). Melia Costa Rica, San Rafael de Heredia (tel: 232-8122; fax: 231-5834; e-mail: [email protected]). Palacio, Sabana Norte (tel: 220-2034; fax: 220-2036). San Jose Palacio, PO Box 458, 1150 San Jose (tel: 220-2034; fax: 220- 2036). Suites Royal Dutch, Calle 4, Ave Central y 2, PO Box 4258 (tel: 228- 6992; fax: 228-9651). Tara, PO Box 1459, 1250 Escazu, San Jose (tel: 228-6992; fax: 228-9651; e-mail: [email protected]). Car hire San Jose Ada Rent-a-Car: PO Box 64 (tel: 222-7929; fax: 233-5555). Avis: Avenida Las Americas, PO Box 508, Centro Colon, Sabana Norte Contiguo Agencia Datsun (tel: 232-9922; fax: 232-5048). Budget: central reservations (tel: 223-3284; fax: 255-4966). Elegante: (tel: 221-0066; fax: 221-5761). National: PO Box 1128, 36th St, 7th Ave (tel: 233-4044; fax: 233-2186). Hertz: international reservations (tel: 233-1011; fax: 233-1447; domestic reservations (tel: 221- 1818; fax: 233-7252). Thrifty: (tel: 257-3434; fax: 223-0660). Juan Santamaria international airport 527 Ada Rent-a-Car: (tel: 441-1260). Budget: (tel: 441-4444). Hertz: (tel: 221-1818; fax: 221-1949). National: (tel: 441-6533). Chambers of commerce Camara de Azucareros (Chamber of Sugar Manufacturers), Apartado 1577- 1000, San Jose (tel: 221-2103, 222-1358). Camara de Comercio de Costa Rica (Costa Rican Chamber of Commerce), Urbanizacion Tournon, Apdo 1114, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-0005, 221- 0201; fax: 233-7019). Camara de Exportadores de Cafetaleros (CAMEXPORT) (National Chamber of Coffee Exporters), Apartado 1310-1000, San Jose (tel: 221-8207; fax: 222-9936). Camara de Exportadores de Costa Rica (CADESCO) (Chamber of Exporters of Costa Rica), Apartado 213-2010 Zapote, San Jose (tel: 224-8397, 224- 4035; fax: 225-6779). Camara de Industrias de Costa Rica (CAMIND) (Chamber of Industries of Costa Rica), Apdo 10003, Calle 13-15, Avenida 6, San Jose (tel: 223- 2411; fax: 222-1007). Camara de Representantes de Casas Extranjeras (CRECEX) (Chamber of Representatives of Foreign Companies), Apartado 3738-1000, San Jose (tel: 253-0126; fax: 234-2557). Camara Nacional de Agricultura y Agroindustria (CNAA) (National Chamber of Agriculture and Agro-Industry), Apartado 1671-1000, San Jose (tel: 221-6864, 233-8567; fax: 233-8658). Camara Nacional de Bananeros (CANABA) (National Chamber of Banana Growers), Apartado 10273-1000, San Jose (tel: 222-7891). Camara Nacional de Finanzas, Inversion y Credito (CANAFIC) (National Chamber of Finance, Investment and Credit), Apartado 5510-1000, San Jose (tel: 233-7631). Camara Nacional de Turismo (CANATUR) (National Chamber of Tourism), Apartado 828, 1000 San Jose (tel: 234-6222; fax: 253-8102). Banking Banco Banex, Apdo 7983, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233-4855; fax: 223-7192). Banco BCT, Apdo 7698, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233-6611; fax: 233-6833). 528 Banco Continental, Apdo 7969, 1000 San Jose (tel: 257-1155; fax: 255- 3983). Banco Co-operativo Costarricense, Apdo 8593, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233- 5044; fax: 233-9661). Banco Credito Agricola de Cartago, Apdo 5572, 1000 San Jose (tel: 251- 3011; fax: 252-0364). Banco de Costa Rica, Apdo 10035, 1000 San Jose (tel: 255-1100; fax: 255- 0911). Banco del Comercio SA, Apdo 1106, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233-6011; fax: 222-3706). Banco de Fomento Agricola, Apdo 6531, 1000 San Jose (tel: 231-4444; fax: 232-7476). Banco de la Construccion, Apdo 5099, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-5811; fax: 222-6567). Banco de la Industria, Apdo 4254, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-3355; fax: 233-8383). Banco de San Jose, Apdo 5445, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-9911; fax: 222- 8208). Banco Federado de Co-operativas de Ahorro y Credito, Apdo 4748, 1000 San Jose (tel: 222- 3323; fax: 257-1724). Banco Fincomer, Apdo 57, Cartago (tel: 251-1351, 233-7822; fax: 222- 0405). Banco Germano Centroamericano, Apartado 2559, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233- 8022; fax: 222- 2648). Banco Interfin, Apdo 6899, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-8022; fax: 233- 4823). Banco Internacional de Costa Rica, Apdo 6116, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223- 6522; fax: 233-6572). Banco Lyon, Apdo 10184, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-2611; fax: 221-6795). Banco Mercantil de Costa Rica, Apdo 32101, 1000 San Jose (tel: 231- 0724, 255-3636; fax: 255- 3076). Banco Metropolitano, Apdo 3932, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233-8111; fax: 222- 8840). Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, Apdo 10015, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223-2166; fax: 255-2436). Corporacion Costarricense de Financiamiento Industrial, Apdo 10507, 1000 San Jose (tel & fax: 221-2212). Central bank Banco Central de Costa Rica, Avenida Central y Primera, Calles 2-4, Apdo 10058, San Jose (tel: 529 233-4233; fax: 223-4658). Travel information American Airlines, Calle 26 & 28, Paseo Colon, San Jose (tel: 257-1266; fax: 222-5213). British Airways, Calle 32, paseo Colon and Avenida 2, San Jose (tel: 223-5648; fax: 223-4863). SANSA (Servicios Aereos Nacionales), Apdo 999-1007, Centro Colon, San Jose (tel: 233-2714, 233-1673; fax: 255-2176). Tourist Information Office, Plaza de la Cultura, Calle 5, Avenida 0-2, San Jose (tel: 223-1733 Ext 277; fax: 222-1090). Ministry of tourism Ministry of Tourism, Apdo 777-1000, San Jose (tel: 233-9605; fax: 255- 4997). National tourist organisation offices Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT) (Tourism Institute main office), Edificio Genaro Valverde, Calles 5 y 7, Avenida 4, PO Box 777, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223-8423; fax: 255-4997, 223-5452). Ministries Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Science and Technology, Apdo 10094, 1000 San Jose (tel: 232-4496; fax: 232-2103). Ministry of Culture, Apdo 10227, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223-1658; fax: 233- 7066). Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce, Foreign Commerce, Apdo 10216-1000, San Jose (tel: 222-1016; fax: 222-2305). Ministry of Environment and Energy, Apdo 10104 1000 San Jose (tel: 257- 1417; fax: 257- 0697). Ministry of Finance, Apdo 5016, San Jose (tel: 222-2481; fax: 255- 4874). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Apdo 10027-1000, San Jose (tel: 223-7555; fax: 223-9328). Ministry of Foreign Trade, Apdo 96-2050 Mtes de Oca, San Jose (tel: 222- 5910; fax: 233-5090). Ministry of Health, Apdo 10123, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233-0683; fax: 255- 4997). Ministry of Housing, Apdo 222-1002 Paseo de Los Estudiantes, San Jose (tel: 233-3665; fax: 530 255-1976). Ministry of Information, PO Box 520-2010, Zapote (tel: 225-9936/9797; fax: 253-6984). Ministry of the Interior, Police and Public Security, Apdo 10006, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223-8354; fax: 222-7726). Ministry of Justice, Apdo 5685, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223-9739; fax: 223- 3879). Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Apdo 10133, 1000 San Jose (tel: 221-0238; fax: 222- 8085). Ministry of the Presidency and Planning, Apdo 520 Zapote, San Jose (tel: 224-4092; fax: 253- 6984). Ministry of Public Education, Apdo 10087, 1000 San Jose (tel: 222-0229; fax: 255-2868). Ministry of Public Security, Apdo 55-4874, San Jose (tel: 226-0093; fax: 226-6581). Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Apdo 10176, 1000 San Jose (tel: 226-7311; fax: 227- 1434). Ministry of Science And Technology, Apdo 5589-1000, San Jose (tel: 253- 7446; fax: 224- 8295). Other useful addresses Bolsa Nacional De Valores S.A. (Stock Exchange), Central Street, 1st Avenue, PO Box 1736- 1000, San Jose (tel: 221-8011; fax: 255-0131). British Embassy, Apdo 815, 11th Floor, Edificio Centro Colon, 1007 San Jose (tel: 221-5566, 255-2937; fax: 233-9938). Centro de Promocion de Exportaciones e Inversiones (CENPRO) (Costa Rican Export & Investment Promotion Centre), Apdo 5.418, San Jose (tel: 221-7166; fax: 223-5722). Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE), Apdo 10032, 10 San Jose (tel: 220-7720; fax: 220-1555). Costa Rican Investment and Development Corporation (CINDE), P.O. Box 7170-100 San Jose (tel: 220-0366, 220-4755; fax: 220-4750, 220-4754). Costa Rican Investment Promotion Programme (CINDE-EUROPE), Eisenhowerlaan 128, 22517 KM Den Haag, The Netherlands (tel: (31-70)512- 1212, 515-010). 531 Costa Rican Oil Refinery (RECOPE), Apdo 43351, 1000 San Jose (tel: 223- 9611; fax: 255- 2049). Costa Rican Stock Exchange (BNVSA), Apartado 1736-1000, San Jose (tel: 222-8011; fax: 255- 0131). Ferias Internacionales SA (FERCORI), Apartado 1843, 1000 San Jose (tel: 233-6990; fax: 233- 5791). Free Zones Export Corporation, Apdo 96, 2020 Montes de Oca (tel: 222- 5855). Grupo Centro, PO Box 6133, 1000 San Jose (tel: 235-4509; fax: 240- 7591). National Association for Economic Development (ANFE), Apartado 3577- 1000, San Jose (tel: 253-4497). Red Nacional de Television, PO Box 7-1980, 1000 San Jose (tel: 231-333; fax: 231-6604). Sistema Nacional de Radio y Television Cultural (SINART), PO Box 27941, Admistracion Central, 1000 San Jose (tel: 231-6474; fax: 231-6604). Televisora de Costa Rica, PO Box 3786, 1000 San Jose (tel: 232-2222; fax: 231-7545). US Embassy, Pavas Frente Centre Comercial, Apdo 920-1200, San Jose (tel: 220-3939; fax: 220-2305). Internet sites Costa Rica yellow pages: http:/www.ipl.com.gt/cgi-bin/busca-costaing Hotel Tara: http:/www.crnn.com/tara Information about the country, investment and the Stock Exchange: http:/supersite.incostarica.net/ Copyright: Walden Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Walden Publishing Ltd and JMIS assume no liability for the consequence of reliance upon any opinion or statement. 532 Ecuador (Sources: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/ecuador.html; http://www.redhucyt.oas.org/RLQ/ecuador/ecuador.html) National Overview Ecuador is a country of 12 million inhabitants; it is located on the equator in northwestern South America. The economy generates a gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 20 billion and provides formal sector jobs for about one million people. Ecuador is the size of the state of Colorado and contains dramatic geographical and biological diversity with rich economic potential. The country consists of three distinct regions: the tropical lowlands of the Pacific coast, the mountains and valleys of the Andean Sierra, and the Amazonian rainforest of the Oriente, plus the Galapagos Islands. Until the 1970's, Ecuador was an agrarian country dependent on commodity exports. Boom periods were linked to high world prices for coastal products, such as cacao and bananas. Starting in 1972, oil development in the Amazon basin fueled a decade of rapid growth, averaging 9 percent annually, that financed expanded public services, state enterprises, infrastructure, and import-substitution manufacturing. When oil prices fell, Ecuador failed to reduce inefficient state involvement in the economy. Consequently the 1980's were a decade of stagnation under the burdens of debt, inflation, incomplete adjustment measures, and volatile international oil prices. During the 1990's, Ecuador began to make market-oriented structural reforms, but incomplete implementation has failed to create sustainable growth. Petroleum production and agricultural exports continue to form the pillars of the Ecuadorian economy. The largely state-operated petroleum sector accounts for about one third of both public sector revenue and export earnings, virtually ensuring a favorable balance of trade. Significant new investment in the sector has lagged due to delays in expanding the oil pipeline (much of current potential production cannot be brought to market) and the government's practice of violating contract provisions with private companies. Ecuador is the world's largest exporter of bananas and roses as well as a major producer of shrimp, which together account for about half of the country's exports. Ecuador's farmers also produce a variety of domestic consumption crops. Industry is largely oriented to producing for the domestic market, but regional economic integration is creating more export opportunities for manufacturers. The services sector provides some modern infrastructure and a relatively significant tourism industry. Chemically Related Affairs US / Ecuadoran chemical and related product trade in 1998: US Imports US$4 million; US Exports: US$217 million. No key imports in the top 20 commodities. Key chemically related exports include polymers of ethylene in primary form; additives for mineral oils; insecticides. There are 10 institutions of higher education in Ecuador and two regional organizations representing chemical engineers. An active IUPAC affiliate is represented through the Dean of the Faculty of Sciences of the Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. 533 Peru Peru (Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/peru.html; http://www.redhucyt.oas.org/RLQ/peru/peru.html; Quimica Latinoamerica, Feb. 2000) Overview Located in western South America, Peru is a country of 26.6 million inhabitants; its land size is slightly smaller than Alaska. After a decade of economic liberalization, the pace of privatization in Peru is slowing. Government revenues from privatization in 1999 amounted to some $350 million, rather than the $800 million that had been targeted originally. Peru's economy has weathered recent global economic difficulties better than many of its neighbors. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis, many of Peru's Latin American neighbors experienced economic downturns. Throughout the 1990s, Peru maintained positive economic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP) growth, despite fallout from the Asian financial crisis, El Nino weather- related problems, and low prices for mining exports, a major revenue source for Peru. GDP growth for 2000 is predicted to reach 6.5%. Peru is a member of the Andean Community (ANCOM), set up in March 1996 by leaders of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. At that time, the five national leaders expressed their intent to move towards a single market along the lines of the European Union, although significant policy differences need to be worked out. In November 1997, Peru joined the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. Peru and neighboring Ecuador have fought over a disputed 50-mile stretch of highland jungle in the Cordillera del Condor region along Peru's northeastern border 3 times in the last 47 years, most recently in 1995, when 19 days of fighting left hundreds of casualties. The two nations almost went to war a fourth time in August of 1998, but pulled back and negotiated a border settlement and peace treaty -- brokered by the United States, Brazil, Argentina and Chile - - in October 1998. In August 1999, the countries signed bilateral agreements to build bridges and roads between the neighbors. Chemically Related Affairs US / Peruvian chemical and related product trade in 1998: US Imports US$10 million; US Exports US$220 million. No chemical or related products represented in the top 20 commodities. Among Peru’s key resources is natural gas and plans are underway for the construction of world-scale methanol and ammonia plants based on the natural gas. There are three universities offering degree programs in chemical sciences. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) offers a doctoral program in pharmacy and biochemistry. Founded in 1933, the Peruvian Chemical Society has a membership of 1300 and hosted the December 2000 FLAQ meeting in Lima. 534 Higher Education – Peru http://www.redhucyt.oas.org Universidades en Perú Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) República de Chile No. 295, Of. 606, Lima 1 Tel: (51-14)433-63449, 433-6109 Fax: (51-14)433-6337 Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química Licenciatura en Química Ingeniería Química Maestría en Química, mención Fisicoquímica Maestría en Química, mencion Química Orgánica Maestría en Química, mencion Química Inorgánica Maestría en Ingeniería Química Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Licenciatura en Química Farmacéutica Doctorado en Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional de San Agustín Santa Catalina No. 117, Casilla 23 Arequipa Tel/fax: (51-54)237-808 [email protected] Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales Química Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos Ing. Química Ing. Metalúrgica Ing. de Industrias Alimentarias Ing. de Materiales Maestría en Química Maestría en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Av. Túpac Amaru 210 - Rimac, Lima Tel: (51-14)481-1035, 481-1070 Fax: (51-14)481-9830, 481-1035 Facultad de Ciencias Escuela Profesional de Química Especialidad en Química (nivel licenciatura) Maestría en Ciencias, mención Química 535 Facultad de Ingeniería de Petróleo Especialidad en Ingeniería de Petróleo (nivel licenciatura) Especialidad en Ingeniería Petroquímica (nivel licenciatura) Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Manufacturera Ingeniería Química Maestría en Ciencias con Mención en Ingeniería Química 536 Industry / Higher Education Interactions (source: www.sqp.pe) CHEMISTRY SECTION of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru created for 32 years has been mainly developing to academic activities and of investigation covering the following fields: • Chemistry of Natural Products • Organic Synthesis • Catalyses and Adsorbents • Corrosion and Protection • Analytical Chemistry • Environmental Control • Polymers and New Materials • Chemistry of Foods • Biochemistry • Total Quality • Petrochemical petroleum and • Cosmetic Products Flat the educational one is formed by 26 professors among them 45% are Doctors, 45% Magisteres and 10% are withdrawn of programs of Postgraduate. 87% of the professionals, who work in the specialized laboratories, have carried out studies of Postgraduate. For the attainment of the objectives raised for this Program, one counts on the collaboration of the Institute of Corrosion and Protection of PUCP (ICP-PUCP), in which there are 4 professors and 6 professionals, of which 30% have the Degree of Doctor, whereas 70% rest have made studies of Postgraduate abroad. SECTION QUIMICA has a modern infrastructure that allows the use him of the technology of outpost in following the technique instrumental: • Spectroscopy FT-IR • Spectroscopy UV-V • Spectrometry of Plasma Transmission • Atomic Absorption • Chromatography of: • Gases • Liquid of Hi-res • Crosscurrent • Medium Pressure • Polarimeter • Optica Microscopy • X ray fluorescence • Polarography • Analytical Techniques Electrochemical • Spectroscopy of Electrochemical Impedance • Camera of accelerated Corrosion (saline fog, UV climátic, sulfur dioxide) 537 Program UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY will guarantee one narrow collaboration to execute: • Optimization of processes • Development of new catalysts and improvement of the existing ones • Development of new products: fitofármacos, colorantes, adsorbent, reactive or additives. • Validation of analytical determinations in different fields. • Implementation of quality systems. • Training and qualification of personnel. • Studies of environmental impact. • Program of remediación of impacts • Diagnoses of remediación of corrosion problems MODALITIES OF THE PROGRAM INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT BY CHEMISTRY SECTION - PUCP Company will order the execution from a project to the University, which will be committed to give the results to a certain term. These projects can include/understand from precise verifications to integral developments of products or processes. MIXED INVESTIGATIONS Personal of the Industry and the University will participe simultaneously The University will carry out advising activities and consults, execution of experiments, calculations, interpretation of results, verifications or strategic planning according to is the case. PROJECTS OF THE INDUSTRY Companies will be able to send to their personnel to the campus where a work place will be assigned to them, facilitating them material and equipment to it, under the supervision of an educational one. The professionals of the University will not have direct intervention in this modality. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT OUTSIDE THE CAMPUS Behind this modality will be able to be made investigations or programs of qualification on the part of the professors of the University in atmospheres of the company. The company will closest have a contact with the project and equipment and own infrastructure will be able to be used that perhaps do not exist in the University. PROJECTS EXECUTED IN SECTION QUIMICA - PUCP • Recovery of ligneous material of agro-industrial remainders for the chemical product production - Cervecerías Unidas Backus y Johnston S.A.. • Protein recovery of leaves of yuca and its enriched food use. Cervecerías Unidas Backus y Johnston S.A.. • Manufacture of borax and boric acid. Boroquímica S.A.. • Ink manufacture for paper coal. Carbolán S.A.. • Design of process and escalamiento at industrial level for the obtaining of Bixina. Peruvian Hoescht • Process and industrial escalamiento for the obtaining of Norbixina. Bixa S.A.. Projects executed by the ICP-PUCP: • Studies of permeability of organic coverings CPPQ S.A.. 538 • Evaluation of effects of dreg addition in four types of cement. Cemento Norte Pacasmayo S.A.. • Evaluation of the efficiency of a sellador for cements as opposed to the ion penetration cloturo. CONCRET S.A.. 539 Chemical Industries – Peru LABORATORIOS MAGMA, S.A. PRODUCTOR EXPORTADOR Presidente Ejecutivo: Juan J. Garrido Pinson Gerente de Comercialización: Juan de Dios Miranda Tejada Gerente de Finanzas: Luis Moron Bretel Adjunto Gerencia General: Marco Antonio Garrido Koechlin Fundada: 1946 Actividad: Fabricantes de productos farmacéuticos, tanto penicilínicos como no penicilínicos. Av. del Ejército 490, Miraflores Lima, Perú Tel: (511) 348-7775, 348-3300, 348-7772 y 348-0354 Fax: (511) 348-3400 E-mail: [email protected] PRODUCTOS - PRODUCTS ACIDO ASCORBICO ASCORBIC ACID AMPICILINA AMPICILLIN ANTIBIOTICOS ANTIBIOTICS CARBONATO DE LITIO LITHIUM CARBONATE CIMETIDINA CIMETIDINE COLCHICINA COLCHICINE PARACETAMOL PARACETAMOL PENICILINA PENICILLIN PRODUCTOS QUIMICOS PARA LA INDUSTRIA FARMACEUTICA CHEMICALS, FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PRODUCTOS QUIMICOS PARA LA INDUSTRIA FARMACEUTICA CHEMICALS, FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 540 Quimica Suiza SA Apartado 3919 2577 Av Republica de Panama Lima 100 Tel: +511 211 4043 Fax: +511 211 4044 541 Trade and Professional Associations - Peru SOCIEDAD QUIMICA DEL PERUhttp://www.pucp.edu.pe/~quimica/sqp.htmhttp://www.pucp.edu.pe/~quimica/sqp.htm Institución Científica - Fundada en 1933 Dirección: Nicolás de Araníbar 696 - Santa Beatriz - Lima 1 Casilla 14-0576 Lima 14 Teléfono: (51-1) - 4723925 COLEGIO DE QUIMICOS DEL PERU Direccción: Jr. Nicolás Corpancho 181 - Santa Beatriz - Lima 1 Teléfono: (51-1) - 433-6717 Fax: (51-1) - 332-1198 e-mail: [email protected] ASOCIACION PERUANA de FACULTADES y ESCUELAS de QUIMICA e INGENIERIA QUIMICA - APFEIQ Fundada eL 18 de Junio de 1992 e-mail: [email protected] RED CIENTIFICA PERUANA Direccción: Jr. Augusto Tamayo 125 - San Isidro - Lima 27 Teléfono: (51-1) - 421-1343 Fax: (51-1) - 421-8086 e-mail: [email protected] CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA Direccción: Calle El Comercio 197 - San Borja - Lima 41 Teléfono: (51-1) - 225-1150 Fax: (51-1) - 225-1150 e-mail: [email protected] 542 Uruguay (Sources: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/uruguay.html; http://www.redhucyt.oas.org/RLQ/uruguay/uruguay.html; Moyna, P. et al – Situation of the Chemical Industry in Uruguay) National Overview Uruguay is a highly urban country of about 3.3 million people, nearly half of whom reside in greater Montevideo, Uruguay's capital and largest city. Uruguay ranks among the highest in Latin America in literacy, education, provision of social services, and political cohesion. In November 1999, Jorge Batlle was elected to be Uruguay's new president, and he will take office on March 1, 2000. Batlle is a member of the right-of-center Colorado Party, as is the current president, Julio Maria Sanguinetti. The public sector in Uruguay is unusually large, but the country is moving towards liberalization. Privatization activities in recent years have included concessions for cellular telephone networks, a container terminal at the Port of Montevideo, a major private toll road between Montevideo and the resort town of Punta del Este, and a new $40-million airport for Punta del Este. A $1-billion, 22-mile bridge -- the longest of its kind in the world -- between Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Colonia, Uruguay, is under consideration. This would further open up Uruguay as a major trade and transit center between Argentina and Brazil. Uruguay has a strong domestic economy, but its small size and geographic location make it susceptible to economic downturns in its larger neighbors, Brazil and Argentina. Trade with these countries accounts for a large share of the Uruguayan economy. From 1992 to 1998, Uruguay's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaged 4.2% per year. However, the devaluation and accompanying economic difficulties in Brazil and the downturn in Argentina negatively impacted Uruguay's GDP growth for 1999, resulting in a 2% contraction in GDP. Growth is predicted to exceed 3% for 2000. Montevideo is establishing itself as an important regional capital. In recent years, a number of multilateral political, economic, and energy organizations and institutions have established their headquarters in Montevideo. Mercosur, the Southern Cone Common Market composed of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, is headquartered in Montevideo. The Organization of Mutual Assistance Between Latin American State Oil Companies (ARPEL) and the Regional Electrical Integration Commission (CIER) now reside in Uruguay's capital as well. In addition, the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) has its headquarters in Montevideo. Most Latin American and Caribbean nations are members of ALADI. Chemically Related Affairs US / Uruguayan chemical and related product trade in 1998: US Imports – US$2 million; US Exports – US$98 million. There are no chemical or related products US imports represented in the top 20 commodities; Among top US exports perfumery, cosmetics or toilet products; fertilizers; insecticides; polymers of vinyl chloride were represented. The Universidad de la Republica Faculty of Chemistry is the only specialized chemistry teaching institution in the country. It is aimed at the teaching of chemistry, pharmacy, chemical engineering and food science and operates a laboratory dedicated to solid state chemistry. The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Association of Uruguay was founded in 1888 and has approximately 600 members. 543 Conclusion The principal aims of this brief are to provide a basis for informed governance discussion and to function as a roadmap in preparation for follow up as the ACS considers how to best organize itself for activity related to Latin America, activity providing effective and timely service to its membership and activity promoting regional economic development through the chemical enterprise. The findings of this report indicate that there is a need in Latin America to find ways to adapt education and training to national and international economies; develop and improve continuing education for chemists and researchers in industry; develop and improve university-industry co- operation; render explicit the role of education and industry in creating sustainable development with acceptable environmental impact; and improving transfer of technology and management for better university-industry linkage in the chemical enterprise in the region. In the USA, the ACS impacts chemically related policy development, education and training, professional practice through its membership and staff expertise and experience in professional society management, publications, membership development, legislative advocacy, chemical education program development and quality assurance, meeting planning, and outreach (including Internet-based), and industry relations. In fostering and enhancing Society exchange and collaboration, these capabilities can be catalytic in developing broad, sustainable programs and services with counterpart organizations in Latin America. The ACS Latin American Collaboration Matrix Based upon the activities investigated in this report, following is a collaboration matrix developed by ACS International Activities Office summarizing chemically related cross-sector collaboration activities for Latin America. 544 545 External Funding and Other Agencies with Interests in Latin America (Compiled by ACS Office of International Activities and the ACS Library, Feb 2000) Governmental and multilateral agencies with interests in Latin America. Americas (AMERICAS) Program of the National Science Foundation Ph: 703/306-1706;Fax: 703/306-0474 www.nsf.gov Regional Coordinator:Harold Stolberg [email protected] Central and South America (except Mexico, Brazil): Beverly [email protected] Brazil: Susan Parris [email protected] Brazil: Jean Barile [email protected] Canada, Mexico, regional initiatives: Harold Stolberg [email protected] OAS: Eduardo Feller, 703/306-1709 [email protected] Americas (AMERICAS) Program, Suite 935 International Division National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22230 The Americas Program supports the initiation of mutually beneficial cooperative activities with the countries of the region in all science and engineering fields normally funded by the NSF. Through collaborative research projects, workshops, short-term planning visits, and dissertation improvement grants, it helps the U.S. research and education community engage in cooperative work with counterparts in unique research environments and facilities, ranging from the frozen Canadian tundra to the tropical environments of the Amazon basin in Brazil and Colombia; from the Chickxulub crater in the Yucatan peninsula to the Atacama desert and the fjords of Chile. The Program supports bilateral programs with five countries of the region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela. These programs are extremely useful in leveraging considerable contributions from these countries and serve to identify and bring to the attention of the U.S. science and engineering community the considerable human resource in the Americas. In the decade of the 90's most of these countries have been able to lower inflation, increase investments in science and technology, and generally have developed stronger programs to support their scientists in collaborative activities with U.S. scientists. US Environmental Protection Agency – Office of International Activities 546 www.epa.gov/oia/annrep2.htm William A Nitze, Asst Admin 2610R, USEPA Headquarters Ariel Rios Building 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. Washington, DC 20460; tel: 202-564-6600 Through bilateral relationships and exchanges with many countries and with certain regional and multilateral organizations, EPA receives the benefits of foreign regulatory and management experience, scientific and technical information, and innovative policy approaches. These are put to use in EPA's domestic programs, thereby providing improved information sooner and at a lower cost than might otherwise be available. EPA carries out major cooperative programs with Mexico and Canada to help protect residents living in the shared ecosystems along our borders. EPA's strong international assistance programs allow other countries - especially developing countries and countries with economies in transition - benefit from the US experience in developing appropriate and effective domestic environmental programs. These programs also promote collaboration with the US and other nations in addressing global environmental problems. The Office of International Activities (OIA) at EPA enlists the cooperation of other nations in solving environmental problems of concern to the United States. Providing leadership and coordination on behalf of the EPA Administrator, and working closely with other EPA Headquarters and Regional offices, OIA manages EPA programs with Mexico, Canada, and other priority countries; provides leadership, analysis and coordination for international negotiations on trade and environment, marine pollution, and other international policy initiatives; manages the Agency's international technology diffusion and technical assistance programs; and provides essential support services, including inter-agency coordination, management of the Agency's international travel, and liaison with U.S. missions abroad. USAID U.S. Agency for International Development Information Center Ronald Reagan Building Washington, D.C. 20523-0016 Telephone: 202-712-4810 FAX: 202-216-3524 The resources requested by USAID for the LAC region in FY 2000 total $653.3 million. Of this, $233 million is Development Assistance (DA), $76.2 is Child Survival and Disease, $160.5 million is Economic Support Funds, $50 million is International Narcotics Control funds, and $135.6 is P.L. 480 Title II. The activities planned for FY 2000 will directly contribute to achieving the shared vision for the hemisphere as ratified by the Summit of the Americas and its follow-up process. USAID's program will provide impetus to a second generation of reforms vital for substantially accelerating growth, improving income distribution, ensuring political stability and increasing 547 participation in decision-making by all segments of society. Additionally, the USAID request will provide critical hurricane reconstruction support to help the countries of Central America and the Caribbean regain what was lost in the storms and reactivate their economies. The USAID FY 2000 program will contribute to the following results: •Strengthening democratic institutions, promoting broad citizen participation, and promoting respect for human rights; •Expanding economic growth, reducing poverty and improving income equality; •Reducing levels of illegal emigration to the United States; •Stemming the flow of illegal narcotics to the United States; •Reducing fertility and population growth, improving maternal and child health, and slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. •Increasing sustainable development and sound environmental practices; and •Improving the quality of education. The World Bank in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region www.worldbank.org World Bank LAC Region Chris Neal tel: 202 473-7229; fax: 522-3698 Lee Morrison tel: 202 458-8741; fax: 522-3698 World Bank Sector Office: CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS Jean-Philippe Halphen, IFC tel: 202 473-0573; fax: 974-4325 The Bank has a three-pronged medium-term poverty reduction strategy in the region: First, the Bank seeks to help remove impediments to poverty-reducing growth. Sustained stronger economic growth in the region will require improvements in human capital (crucially through investments in better education achievements), financial market reforms, a better legal and regulatory environment, public sector modernization, and improved public finances. Key to the Bank's strategy in these priority areas is the development of sound institutions. Second, the Bank supports targeted poverty reduction programs to benefit those least likely to be pulled out of poverty by growth alone, or those vulnerable to falling into poverty during economic downturns. Special support to Argentina and Brazil last year reflects both elements of this strategy. Third, the Bank supports environmentally and socially sustainable development in the region. Promoting environmentally sustainable development: Lending and advisory services are supporting the tremendous challenge of preserving one of the world's richest ecosystems while meeting the development needs of nearly 500 million people in an environmentally and socially 548 sustainable manner. Major programs the Bank is supporting include: The Meso-american Biological Corridor, a multi-donor initiative in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama to protect terrestrial and marine ecosystems and promote sustainable rural development. The Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest, another multi-donor program, which includes new projects to manage Amazon floodplains and protect rain forest corridors. Ongoing activities support indigenous and extractive reserves, regional scientific research centers, state environmental institutions, local non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and new approaches in community-based natural resource management. The Clean Air Initiative in Latin American Cities, which brings together city managers, development agencies, leaders from public sectors, and NGOs to address air quality problems in large metropolitan areas. It involves a series of workshops in cities throughout the region over the next few years to formulate and carry out local action plans to reduce air pollution. Investing in education: The Bank in FY99 developed a new education strategy for Latin America and the Caribbean to raise the region's human capital, especially, that of the poor. The Bank will support this goal with investments in quality education targeted specifically to the poor, but also through systemic education reforms. Education projects in FY99 included: A Youth Development Project in Colombia is using special school and community programs to boost children's self-esteem, help them stay in school and out of gangs, and prepare older teens for the workforce. An education household survey and a series of projects to expand El Salvador's successful EDUCO model of community-based schooling to all rural areas and marginal urban zones. The Millennium Science Initiative in Chile, which aims to establish virtual centers of excellence to carry out advanced research and training in science and technology. Investing in health: In the health sector the Bank is helping client countries undertake comprehensive reforms to improve performance of both private and state-run health systems. In Bolivia, IDA is supporting a Health Sector Reform Project approved this past June to set up a basic health insurance system, immunize children, and finance a program to reduce the infant and maternal mortality rates. In Brazil, a disease surveillance and control project was approved in September 1998 to improve data management and telecommunications systems; rehabilitate the laboratory network; and train staff, part of a long term program to strengthen the national surveillance system. 549 Private Philanthropic Organizations with Interests in Latin America Lampadia Foundation Postfach 86 FL-9490 Vaduz Liechtenstein Lampadia provides funding for Latin America (Argentina, Brazil and Chile) through three agencies: Fundación Andes San Patricio 4099, Casilla 19000 Correo 19 Teléfono: 56(2)228 55 76 Fax: 56(2)228 78 83 Santiago-CHILE E-mail: [email protected] http://www.fundandes.cl Tomás Chotzen M., Presidente del Consejo Directivo 1998 Appropriations: US$5.6 million (46% education) The Andes Foundation works to improve the conditions of life in Chile. In order to fulfill this objective, it stimulates, it supports and it finances projects and programs in the education areas and sciences, culture and social development. The main emphasis is centered on the development of human resources at the highest academic levels, as a form to build Chile’s scientific capacity. Also it builds communities of researchers in national academic research centers as well as foreign centers. 2) Fundación Antorchas Calle Chile 300 1098 Buenos Aires, Argentina Tel: +54-11-4331-9905 Fax: +54-11-4331-5673 [email protected] http://www.fundantorchas.retina.ar/index.html Josef E. Oppenheimer, President 1998 Appropriations: US$5.5 million (53% education) 550 The Fundación Antorchas is a non-profit legal entity constituted in Argentina. Its aim, as laid down in its statutes, is to promote activities that help improve the well-being of the community. To achieve this objective, Antorchas focuses on three major areas: education and scientific research; culture; and community development. The Foundation’s main function is to assist the work of other bodies and individuals. 3) Vitae, Apoio à Cultura, Educação e Promoçao Social Rua Oscar Freire 379, 5 andar 01426-001 Sao Paulo, Brazil Tel: +55-11-3061-5299; Fax: +55-11-883-6361 Regina Weinberg, Executive Director 1998 Appropriations: US$5.4 million (42% education) AT&T Foundation 32 Ave. of the Americas, 24th Fl. New York , NY 10013 (212) 387-4801 Purpose and Activities: Support for programs that serve the needs of people in communities where AT&T has a significant business presence around the world; for initiatives that use technology in inventive ways; for innovative programs that focus on helping people achieve self-sufficiency and lead productive lives; and programs that AT&T employees are actively involved with as contributors and/or volunteers. Assets Amount: $88,572,927 AM Total Giving: $37,849,558 Grants Amount: $36,709,657 Average Grant: 20000-100000 Matching Gifts Amount: $1,139,901 Science-Related Grantmaking Programs: Support environmental projects or initiatives, particularly in the areas of technology, education, volunteerism, sustainability and clear water. The AT&T foundation supports education programs that focus on the use of technology to enhance teaching and learning. Through the AT&T Learning Network Grants Program, as well as through invitational grants, the foundation concentrates on the role of technology in education and its capacity to connect students, teachers, classrooms, institutions and communities. The program provides funding to projects which demonstrate effective and innovative uses of technology in supporting families, schools, and communities to accomplish the following: 1) Encourage family involvement in education; 2) Provide professional development opportunities for educators and assist in the preparation of future teachers; and 3) Develop and implement plans to promote lifelong learning and community collaboration. Special consideration will be given to: 1) Projects that involve collaboration among families, schools, colleges, universities, educational organizations, and/or community-based organizations; and 2) Schools, institutions, organizations, and projects located in areas where AT&T has large concentrations of employees and business operations. To apply, submit a brief letter of introduction and description of the project to the appropriate AT&T Regional Contributions Manager. Regional Contributions Managers will determine eligibility for AT&T Foundation consideration. The foundation will then invite full proposals and applications from projects of interest. In addition to the AT&T Learning Network Grants 551 Program, the foundation also identifies national organizations, programs and/or projects of particular interest, and invites proposals for consideration. Through this initiative, the foundation supports projects that address issues of technology in public policy; systemic education reform; academic standards, assessment and accountability; and access to educational opportunities by all segments of society. ** Matching Gift Program: The purpose of the matching gift program is to encourage employees, both active and retired, to support their communites by stimulating and magnifying their gifts to eligible nonprofit organizations. The progam offers employees, retirees and members of the AT&T Board of Directors an opportunity to join in the foundation's support of higher education and arts and culture by providing a dollar-for-dollar match of employees' donations. The process for matching gifts is simple. All employees need to do to register a gift for matching is make one telephone call, no forms are necessary (if you are a U.S.- or Canada- based AT&T employee and would like to register a gift of $25 or more or receive additional information about the program, please call 800-424-6030). Geographic Limitation: Giving on a national and international basis including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Spain, Russia, and United Kingdom. Program Limitations: No support for religious organizations for sectarian purposes, political campaigns, local chapters of national organizations, social sciences or health sciences programs, medical or nursing schools, or junior and community colleges, industrial affiliate programs or technical trade associations, medical research projects, disease-related health associations other than AIDS-related programs, operating expenses or capital campaigns of local health or human service agencies other than hospitals, or sports teams, or sports-related activities. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for capital development, endowments, deficit financing, construction or renovation, or land acquisition; does not purchase advertisements and sponsorships or donate equipment. Publications: Biennial report (BR); Informational brochure (IB) Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustees:* Richard J. Martin*, Chair.; Esther Silver-Parker*, Pres.; Marilyn Reznick, V.P., Education Prog.; Suzanne Sato, V.P., Arts and Culture Prog.; Mitzi Vaimberg, V.P., Civic and Community Svc. Prog.; Vivian Nero, Secy.; Robert E. Angelica, Treas.; Timothy J. McClimon, Exec. Dir.; Harold W. Burlingame; R. Steven Davis; John C. Guerra, Jr.; William H. Oliver; Maureen B. Tart Staff: 16 Application Information: First obtain guidelines by written request. Detailed program limitations and addresses of regional Contributions Managers provided in guidelines. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter (no more than 3 pages). Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Monthly. Final notification: None. Write: Ronald Dabney, Comm. Mgr. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Annual campaigns; Emergency funds; Program development; Fellowship funds; Technical assistance; Consulting services; Employee matching gifts; Matching/challenge support; Arts, alliance; Arts, multipurpose centers/programs; Arts, cultural/ethnic awareness; Arts councils; Media/communications; Visual arts; Museums; Performing arts; Performing arts centers; Dance; Music; Arts, services; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Teacher school/education; Engineering school/education; Continuing education/lifelong learning; Libraries/library science; Education, Community/cooperative; Natural resource conservation & protection; Wildlife preservation & 552 protection; Medical care, rehabilitation; Public health; Health care; Mental health/crisis services; AIDS; Safety/disasters, volunteer services; Disasters, preparedness & services; Youth development; Human services; Women, centers & services; International exchange; International affairs; Civil rights; Economic development; Community development; Philanthropy/voluntarism; Science; Public affairs; Canada; France; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Germany; Russia; Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; India; China; Korea; Japan; Australia; Arts education; Arts/cultural programs; Community development, volunteer services; Business & industry; Children & youth, services; Family services; Education, PTA groups; Education; Science; Mathematics; Engineering The Howard Hughes Medical Institute Office of Grants and Special Progs. 4000 Jones Bridge Rd. Chevy Chase , MD 20815-6789 (301) 215-8870 Purpose and Activities: A nonprofit scientific and philanthropic organization whose principal purpose is "the promotion of human knowledge within the field of the basic sciences (principally the field of medical research and medical education) and the effective application thereof for the benefit of mankind." The Institute is qualified as a medical research organization, not as a private foundation, under the federal tax code. Through its Medical Research Program, the Institute's staff scientists conduct fundamental biomedical research throughout the U.S. in the fields of cell biology, genetics, immunology, neuroscience, and structural biology. Through its Office of Grants and Special Programs, the Institute awards grants to help strengthen education in biology and related sciences, funds research resources at U.S. medical schools, and supports fundamental research abroad. The emphasis of the grants program is on graduate, undergraduate, and precollege and public science education. Graduate support is primarily for fellowships awarded under three programs: 1) Predoctoral (Ph.D., Sc.D.) Fellowships in Biological Sciences. Deadline: early Nov.; 2) Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students. Deadline: early Dec.; and 3) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians. Deadline: early Dec. Through the current phase of the Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program, grant awards are made directly to colleges and universities for 1) student research and broadening access in the sciences; 2) science equipment and laboratory renovations; 3) faculty and curriculum development; and 4) outreach programs in the sciences and mathematics with elementary and secondary schools and with junior and community colleges. No undergraduate competition was held in 1997. The Institute continues to monitor trends in science education and science, including public and private support. Assets Amount: $12,922,454,000 AM Total Giving: $86,905,070 Grants Amount: $62,199,909 Number of Grants: 251 Highest Grant: $2,000,000 Lowest Grant: $26,000 Average Grant: 15000-2000000 Scholarship Amount: $24,729,091 NO. OF SCHOLARSHIPS: 823 Highest Scholarship: $242,000 Lowest Scholarship: $26,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Graduate Program: Predoctoral Fellowships in Biological Sciences 553 support up to five years of full-time study toward the Ph.D. or Sc.D. degree in specified biological disciplines; Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students provide funding for one year of full-time research for students enrolled in U.S. medical schools; and Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians support three years of full-time research. ** Undergraduate Program: Student Research and Broadening Access offers funding for undergraduate research efforts; Equipment and Laboratory Development broadens student research opportunities and expands instruction in biology and other disciplines; Science Curriculum and Faculty Development supports restructuring of programs and courses; and Precollege Outreach supports development of science programs at elementary, middle, and high schools, particularly those in urban and rural areas. ** Precollege and Public Program: Has awarded grants to museums, aquaria, botanical gardens, zoos, and biomedical research institutions to support innovative education programs to interest youngsters in science and improve science literacy through programs targeting students, teachers, and families. ** Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Initiatives: Supports programs in the greater Washington, D.C., area that link schools with major scientific institutions or that provide or enhance exposure to laboratory experiences for students in kindergarten through 12th grade. ** Research Resources: Has awarded grants to U.S. medical schools to sustain their research mission and supports institutions that serve as unique international resources for research and teaching. ** International Program: Has awarded grants to support the research of outstanding biomedical scientists abroad. ** Program Assessment: Awards funds to selected organizations to measure results of Institute grant initiatives, and to assist the development of new initiatives through studies of national trends in science education, research, and philanthropy. Geographic Limitation: Giving on a national and international basis. Research grants have gone to scientists in Canada and Mexico (1991), Australia, New Zealand and the U.K. (1992) and 10 countries of the Baltics, Central Europe, and the former Soviet Union (1995). Graduate, undergraduate, and precollege grants are made nationwide; foreign grants to scientists are made in a moving target of selected countries. Some graduate fellowships are given outside the U.S. Grants to leading scientists in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela have been awarded Program Limitations: No support for Biomedical research in the U.S., except to scientific investigators employed by the Institute; no grants or fellowships except to individuals or institutions competing under established science education programs. Support Limitation: No grants for conferences or publications. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers: Purnell W. Choppin, M.D., Pres.; Stephen M. Cohen, V.P. and C.F.O.; W. Maxwell Cowan, M.D., Ph.D., V.P. and Chief Scientific Off.; Joan S. Leonard, V.P. and Genl. Counsel; Joseph G. Perpich, M.D., J.D., V.P., Grants and Special Progs.; C.F. Wolfe, V.P. and C.I.O.; Mark W. Smith, Cont. Trustees: Hanna H. Gray, Ph.D., Chair.; James A. Baker III; Alexander G. Bearn, M.D.; Frank William Gay; James H. Gilliam, Jr.; Garnett L. Keith; Jeremy R. Knowles; William R. Lummis; Irving S. Shapiro Staff: 3140 Application Information: Applicants should consult guidelines in the Institute's publication "Grants for Science Education" or in specific program announcements prior to application. Fellowships and grants are awarded on the basis of national or international competitions. Proposals for the Undergraduate Science Education Program are by invitation only. In addition to the science education programs, grants are awarded to biomedical scientists in specified 554 countries under the international program. Awards in all programs are based on peer review. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter, proposal, or application, depending on program. Deadline(s): Request program announcements for program-specific deadlines. Board meeting date(s): Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Final notification: Each grants program has an individual notification date; program brochures and announcements should be consulted. Write: Dr. Joseph G. Perpich, V.P., for genl. inquiries; Stephen A. Barkanic, Prog. Off., Undergraduate Prog.; Dr. Barbara Filner, Prog. Off., Graduate Prog.; Dr. Jill G. Conley, Prog. Off., International and Prec* Descriptors: ; Building/renovation; Equipment; Program development; Curriculum development ; Fellowship funds; Research; Program evaluation; Grants to individuals; Secondary school/education; Higher education; Medical school/education; Education; Biomedicine; Medical research; Biological sciences; Minorities; Asians/Pacific Islanders; African Americans; Latinos; Native Americans; Canada; Europe; Soviet Union (Former); Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Venezuela Cabot Corporate Giving Program 75 State St. Boston , MA 02109 (617) 345-0100 Purpose and Activities: The Cabot Corporation makes contributions through the Cabot Corporation Foundation and the company's operating divisions. The company gives priority to projects in science, technology, education, and environmental education in communities where Cabot employees live and work. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in communities where employees live and work. Application Information: The Community Relations Department handles giving at each local facility. Initial approach: Maximum 2-page written proposal to nearest company facility. Contact Foundation for nearest company facility. Write: Dorothy L. Forbes, Exec. Dir. Descriptors: ; Employee volunteer services; Loaned talent; Use of facilities; Employee-related scholarships; Donated equipment; Donated products; Visual arts; Museums; Performing arts; Elementary school/education; Secondary school/education; Business school/education; Adult/continuing education; Adult education--literacy & basic skills; Reading; Education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Substance abuse, services; Mental health/crisis services; Safety/disasters; Human services; Youth, services; Women, centers & services; Voluntarism promotion; Federated giving programs; Physical/earth sciences; Chemistry; Mathematics; Engineering & technology; Biological sciences; Science; Disabled; Women; Economically disadvantaged; General charitable giving; Italy; Spain; Latin America; Mexico Dow Corning Corporate Contributions Program Midland , MI 48686-0994 (517) 496-6290 Purpose and Activities: "Dow Corning's vision recognizes that enduring success requires sensitivity to the public interest...not only through products and services that improve the quality of life, but also through our responsiveness to priority social issues. We recognize that there are many social issues worthy of our attention and many organizations addressing these issues. We 555 cannot attempt to support them all, so we have invested our time and effort to focus on issues we consider to be of vital concern to Dow Corning employees, neighbors and to society." Commitments are maintained to Matching Gifts Programs in Education and the Arts, EEO Scholarships and Contributions, United Way and a number of scholarships for children of employees. Other support is divided into the following categories: K-12 Educational Reform, Higher Education, New Community Development in communities where Dow Corning has facilities, Local Arts and Culture, and the Environment. Total Giving: $3,000,000 Grants Amount: $2,917,100 Highest Grant: $62,500 Lowest Grant: $1,000 Average Grant: 5000-100000 Matching Gifts Amount: $82,900 NO. OF MATCHING GIFTS: 1,501 Grantmaking Programs: Higher Education: Ensuring continued quality in chemistry and engineering at the university level in the following areas is Dow Corning's priority: 1) programs that encourage interface with private industry; 2) improvement of a curriculum at a school of interest to Dow Corning; 3) faculty skill improvement; 4) acquisition of new faculty; 5) building/capital programs that support one of the above options; and 6) non-scientific education programs that support other funding or business priorities. Key Criteria: 1) The project must strengthen existing, or establish new, relationships between Dow Corning and the college or university. 2) The project must implement change or improvement. 3) Goals, objectives, and results must be clearly defined and measurable. A reporting mechanism must be in place and progress reports submitted on a regular basis. 4) Projects in chemistry and engineering are considered a priority. 5) Building and capital projects will be considered ONLY if they support one of the other prioritized funding options. ** K-12 Educational Reform: Recognizing that there are many efforts underway to improve the quality of public education, Dow Corning has prioritized the following funding options: 1) current teacher skill upgrade; 2) programs to promote parental involvement; 3) preparation of new teachers; and 4) drop-out retention programs. Key Criteria: 1) Goals, objectives and results must be clearly defined and measurable. A reporting mechanism must be in place and progress reports submittted on a regular basis. 2) The program focus must be change, the reform, replacement or enhancement of existing programs. 3) The project should have a multiple funding base. 4) Workforce readiness must be impacted significantly by the proposed project. 5) The project must have a direct or indirect impact on a Dow Corning community. ** The Environment: Two areas of funding are targeted for the environment: 1) public education on environmental issues; and 2) efforts to establish new methods for environmental improvement. Key Criteria: 1) Goals, objectives, and results for the project must be clearly defined and measurable. A reporting mechanism must be in place and progress reports submitted on a regular basis. 2) Projects must impact states and communities with Dow Corning operations. ** The New Community Development Program: The priority is on proposals that originate in a Dow Corning community or are specific to one or more of these communities, and address one of the following: 1) job training and skill development programs; 2) development of a new or improved community service; 3) literacy programs; and 4) economic development. Key Criteria: 1) Projects must be implemented in a community where a significant number of Dow Corning employees reside and should benefit a broad range of residents. 2) Goals, objectives, and results for the project must be clearly defined and measurable. A reporting mechanism must be in place and progress reports submitted on a regular basis. 3) Change must be the focus of the project. 556 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in Midland, Bay, and Saginaw counties, MI; Carollton and Elizabethtown, KY; Greensboro, NC; and some local giving internationally in cities where company offices are located. Program Limitations: No support for political, veterans', or religious organizations, or athletic activities at the college/university level. Support Limitation: Generally, no contributions of company products, materials, or equipment; no grants to individuals, or for fundraising events. Staff: 2 Application Information: Requests for less than $2,000 are usually handled by plant locations, as are overseas requests. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter or phone. Deadline(s): Aug. 15 and Jan. 15 for school reform and higher education grants; Oct. 15 and Mar. 15 for arts and community development grants; Nov. 15 and May 15 for environmental improvement grants. Board meeting date(s): Decisions are made within six months. Final notification: Within one month. Write: Anne M. DeBoer, Mgr., Corp. Contribs. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Capital campaigns; Program development; Seed money; Employee matching gifts; Employee-related scholarships; Matching/challenge support; Visual arts; Performing arts; Arts/cultural programs; Engineering school/education; Adult education--literacy & basic skills; Reading; Education; Environment; Youth, services; Community development; Federated giving programs; Chemistry; Engineering & technology ; Engineering; Science; Government/public administration; Minorities; Canada; Europe; Latin America; Asia John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 90 Park Ave. New York , NY 10016 (212) 687-4470 Purpose and Activities: Fellowships offered to further the development of scholars and artists by assisting them to engage in research in any field of knowledge and creation in any of the arts, under the freest possible conditions and irrespective of race, color, or creed. Fellowships are awarded by the trustees upon nomination by a Committee of Selection. Awards are made to citizens and permanent residents of the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Financial Data (Fiscal Date: 97/12/31 ) Assets Amount: $192,561,814 AM Total Giving: $5,466,776 Scholarship Amount: $5,466,776 Highest Scholarship: $33,000 Lowest Scholarship: $10,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Fellowships to Assist Research and Artistic Creation: Fellowships are awarded to citizens and permanent residents of the United States, Canada, Latin America, and the Carribean who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. Applicants are asked to show evidence of achievement through publication or exhibition; if applying in the arts, they are also asked to submit examples of work. Individuals in all branches of the sciences and mathematics, all areas of the humanities, social sciences, and the creative arts may apply. The usual term of the fellowship is one year, but periods between six and twelve months can be arranged. Amounts of the grants vary according to the needs of the individuals and their projects. Geographic Limitation: Giving to citizens and permanent residents of the U.S., Canada, Latin 557 America, and the Caribbean. Support Limitation: No grants for endowments, operating budgets, special projects, or any other expenses of institutions. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustees:* Joseph A. Rice*, Chair.; Joel Conarroe*, Pres.; G. Thomas Tanselle, V.P. and Secy.; Coleen P. Higgins-Jacob, Treas.; Peter F. Kardon, Dir., Planning and Latin America Prog.; Richard W. Hatter, Dir., Devel. and Public Rels.; Sue Schwager, Assoc. Secy.; Edward E. David, Jr.; Leon Levy; Joyce Carol Oates; A. Alex Porter; C. Nicholas Potter; Richard A. Rifkind; Charles Andrew Ryskamp; Charles P. Stevenson, Jr.; Wendy Wasserstein; Ellen Taaffe Zwilich Staff: 23 Application Information: Grants are awarded to individuals rather than institutions. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): Oct. 1 for U.S. and Canada; Dec. 1 for Latin America and the Caribbean. Board meeting date(s): Apr., June, and as required. Final notification: Approximately 6 months. Write: Joel Conarroe, Pres. Descriptors: ; Fellowship funds; Performing arts; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Physical/earth sciences; Science; Social sciences; Caribbean; Latin America ; Visual arts; Mathematics; Engineering & technology IBM Corporate Giving Program Old Orchard Rd. Armonk , NY 10504 (914) 765-1900 Purpose and Activities: IBM considers good corporate citizenship to be one of its basic responsibilities and tries to be responsive to community efforts in locations where it does business and where employees and customers live and work. The company's primary grantmaking focus is public education. IBM employees, shareholders, and customers agree that improving schools helps build strong communities, a healthy economy, and an informed democracy. Individual and collective aspirations are inextricably linked to a successful system of education. IBM is using their expertise in technology to help school systems solve some of their toughest challenges. Total Giving: $87,500,000 Grants Amount: $12,100,000 Highest Grant: $2,000,000 Lowest Grant: $50 Average Grant: 25-2000000 Matching Gifts Amount: $18,200,000 NO. OF MATCHING GIFTS: 13,692 In-Kind Amount: $57,200,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Employee Charitable Contributions Campaign: Through corporate and employee contributions in the form of cash and IBM equipment, IBM provides support to hundreds of human service organizations around the country and to local United Way and many other community-based health and human service agencies. These organizations provide disaster relief and offer an array of services addressing child care, substance abuse, health and medical care, hunger and homelessness, illiteracy and education, physical and developmental disablilities, children and youth at risk, and the elderly. ** Environment: IBM has pledged $16 million to 14 major universities through this international, multi-year environmental research program. The 558 program promotes the optimal use of leading-edge technology to conduct environmental research into solutions to such problems as groundwater pollution and the depletion of the ozone layer. Because of IBM's commitment, the universities have been able to secure substantial additional support from the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Fish & Wildlife Foundation. ** IBM Fund for Community Service: The IBM Fund for Community Service supports IBM employees, retirees, and/or their spouses in volunteer efforts through community organizations. A cash donation must be used for a specific project, rather than general operating expenses, and organizations may receive grants every other year. In the past, grants have been used for various purposes including the purchase of ambulance electrocardiogram equipment, teaching aids and physical therapy equipment for children with disabilities, furniture for a senior citizen center, and cooking equipment for Meals on Wheels. ** Matching Grants Program: The IBM Matching Grants and K-12 Matching Grants Programs encourage employees and retirees to become involved in their communitites and support a wide range of educational, cultural, health, and environmental organizations. Under the IBM Matching Grants Program, IBM matches the contributions of active and retired employees to accredited colleges and universities, hospitals, nursing homes, and cultural institutions with cash or equipment. The K-12 Matching Grants Program provides equipment to primary and secondary schools. ** Reinventing Education: Aimed at K-12 education, this program calls upon local U.S. school districts to join IBM as partners in a dramatic and deeply-rooted restructuring of primary and secondary schools. The goal is to support nothing less than fundamental school restructuring and broad-based systemic change to improve student performance throughout the nation. Over the next 3-5 years, IBM will invest $25 million in ten U.S. school districts and states that have committed to use technology to reform schools. These grants reflect the belief that information technology can fundamentally redefine and improve the way schools function. The technology solutions that are being crafted will improve teacher preparation and development, provide more individually- tailored instruction, help teachers communicate more efficiently with parents, and strengthen school management and administration. In 1996, Reinventing Education 2 was announced. This additional program will provide an additional $10 million in grants over three years to school districts and states replicating one of five projects from the original Reinventing Education program. ** Workforce Development Technology Grant Program: The program consists of 12 grants totaling $2.5 million which will be used for technology and technical services in support of nonprofits engaged in the innovative use of technology to address key issues in job training and adult education. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas of company operations, including Armonk, NY, nationally, and internationally in areas of company operations, including Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, and Latin America. Program Limitations: No support for political, religious, fraternal, or animal welfare organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for telethons, walkathons, sponsorships, raffles, auctions, capital campaigns, construction and renovation projects, endowments, chairs or scholarships sponsored by academic institutions, or athletic and competitive events. Staff: 19 Application Information: Local or regional organizations should contact the nearest company facility. National organizations should contact headquarters. The company has a staff that only 559 handles contributions. Application form not required. Initial approach: Letter. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): As needed. Final notification: 2 to 3 weeks. Priority is assigned to proposals requesting IBM technology. Write: Stanley S. Litow, V.P., Corp. Community Rels. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Capital campaigns; Equipment; Program development; Curriculum development; Fellowship funds; Technical assistance ; Employee volunteer services; Loaned talent; Sponsorships; Employee matching gifts; Donated equipment; Donated products; In-kind gifts; Matching/challenge support; Education, public education; Elementary/secondary education; Early childhood education; Elementary school/education; Secondary school/education; Elementary/secondary school reform; Higher education; Adult/continuing education; Education; Environment, research; Environment; Health organizations; Employment, on-the-job training; Employment, retraining; Employment; Human services; Youth, services; Engineering & technology; Computer science; Engineering; Public policy, research; Government/public administration; Minorities; Disabled; Canada; Europe; Latin America; Asia; Australia; Reading; Medicine/medical care, management/technical aid; Health care; Substance abuse, services; Abuse prevention; Disasters, preparedness & services; Human services, association; Children & youth, services; Children, services ; Senior continuing care community; Federated giving programs; Homeless; Environment, air pollution; Environment, water pollution; Environment, global warming; Community development, association; Community development, volunteer services; Community development, service clubs; Community development; Arts/cultural programs; College; University; Medicine/medical care, formal/general education; Hospitals (general); Health associations; Education, alliance; Education, public policy; Education, reform; Education, community/cooperative; Science; Mathematics; Employment, alliance; Employment, formal/general education; Employment, services; Vocational rehabilitation, disabled/aging; Urban/community development The International Foundation c/o Carrico Assocs., P.A. 1700 Rte. 23 N., Ste. 170 Wayne , NJ 07470-9113 Purpose and Activities: Giving "to help people of developing nations in their endeavors to solve some of their problems, to attain a better standard of living, and to obtain a reasonable degree of self-sufficiency. Grants are made in four general areas: 1) Agriculture - research and production, 2) Health - medical, nutrition, and water, 3) Education - formal at all levels and research, and 4) Social Development - cultural, economic, community, and entrepreneurial activity. Some aid to refugees and grants for population planning are given." Assets Amount: $29,301,813 AM Total Giving: $878,000 Grants Amount: $878,000 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, the Middle East, the Philippines, the South Pacific, and Southern Africa through U.S.-based philanthropies. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for endowment funds, operating budgets, scholarships, fellowships, matching gifts, video productions, or conferences; no loans. 560 Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustees:* Frank Madden*, Pres.; David S. Bate*, V.P.; John D. Carrico*, Secy.-Treas.; Edward A. Holmes*, Grants Chair.; Duncan W. Clark, M.D.; Gary Dicovitsky; William McCormack, M.D. Staff: 2 Application Information: Application form required. Initial approach: Letter requesting descriptive brochure. Copies of proposal: 2. Deadline(s): Submit proposal preferably from Nov. to Mar. Board meeting date(s): Jan., Apr., July, and Oct. Final notification: 6 months; grants paid Nov. 30. Write: Dr. Edward A. Holmes, Grants Chair. Descriptors: ; Building/renovation; Equipment; Emergency funds; Program development; Publication; Seed money; Arts/cultural programs; Libraries/library science; Education; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Hospitals (general); Medical care, rehabilitation; Health care; Health associations; AIDS; Biomedicine; Medical research; AIDS research; Agriculture; Food services; Human services; International economic development; Urban/community development; Rural development; Voluntarism promotion; Marine science; Engineering & technology; Science; Roman Catholic agencies & churches; Caribbean; Southern Africa; Latin America; Oceania; Middle East; Philippines W. K. Kellogg Foundation 1 Michigan Ave. E. Battle Creek , MI 49017-4058 (616) 968-1611 Purpose and Activities: The W.K. Kellogg Foundation was established in 1930 to help people help themselves through the practical application of knowledge and resources to improve their quality of life and that of future generations. The foundation targets its grants toward specific focal points or areas. These include: health; food systems and rural development; youth and education, and higher education; and philanthropy and voluntarism. When woven throughout these areas, funding also is provided for leadership; information systems/technology; efforts to capitalize on diversity; and family, neighborhood, and community development programming. Grants are concentrated in the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean, and in the south African countries of Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. Assets Amount: $7,588,408,314 AM Total Giving: $255,259,633 Grants Amount: $252,740,388 Highest Grant: $9,986,531 Lowest Grant: $125 Average Grant: 5000-1000000 Operating Program Amount: $15,550,579 Matching Gifts Amount: $2,519,245 Grantmaking Programs: ** Employee Matching Gifts: The foundation matches gifts of all full-time employees, officers, trustees, and retired employees to eligible organizations having status as a public institution under Section 501(c)(3) and 509(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and foreign charitable organizations determined equivalent to a U.S. Section 501(c)(3) and 509(a) organization. This includes schools, government units, hospital or medical research facilities, religious organizations, and public-supported charities. Only direct gifts of cash or marketable securities to the charity by an eligible donor will be matched. The minimum gift is $25 and the maximum is $100,000 per eligible donor per calendar year. The maximum total 561 corporate payout per employee, per year is $200,000. Gifts are matched on a two-to-one ratio. Contributions by the foundation may not be used to provide personal benefits to, or to discharge a pledge or other legal obligation of, the donor. Similarly, contributions by a donor that provide personal benefits to the donor or other person such as payments of tuition, membership dues, subscriptions, and other similar fees, are not eligible for matching grants by the foundation. ** Food Systems and Rural Development: This program consists of two areas: 1) Food Systems: aims to meet the need for a safe and nutritious diet while ensuring that food production systems are environmentally sensitive, economically viable, sustainable over the long term, and socially responsible; 2) Rural Development: aims to fund collaborative and comprehensive approaches to rural development that emphasize community problem solving, leadership development, delivery of human services, and training of local government officials. ** Integrated Comprehensive Health Care Systems: This program aims to improve the health of people in communities through increased access to integrated, comprehensive health care systems, organized around public health, prevention, and primary care. ** Kellogg International Study Grants Program: The program provides financial assistance to non-U.S. citizens from countries within the foundation's geographic scope of Latin America, the Caribbean, and the five southernmost countries in Africa. Study grants are made in the fields of health, agriculture, education, and youth development. Grants enable individuals to obtain advanced degrees (master's and doctoral degrees) or acquire specialized knowledge. Typically, awards are made to faculty and staff members of universities, centers, institutes, councils, ministries, and agencies which have active projects funded by the foundation; however, some study grants are provided to project-related fellows whose organizations may not currently be receiving foundation funding. Awards provide these individuals with an opportunity to acquire specialized knowledge to improve the quality of life in their home country as well as contribute to the success of the foundation-assisted programs there. In addition to individual study grants, group study awards are made to allow two or more individuals to attend a special short course or to participate in a traveling seminar dedicated to acquiring new knowledge and skills in the field. ** Philanthropy and Volunteerism: Supports change agents in communities and in systems which will improve human life by increasing philanthropy and volunteerism. ** Youth and Education: Higher Education: In the area of education, the foundation supports: 1) Higher Education: efforts to strengthen higher education and mobilize resources to help address societal needs; and 2) Youth and Education: efforts to improve the well-being of America's youth (prenatal to 20 years of age) through comprehensive, collaborative, community-based initiatives. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean, and the south African countries of Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe; support also for international fellowship programs in other countries. Program Limitations: No support for religious purposes. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals (except through fellowship programs), or for building or endowment funds, research, development campaigns, films, equipment, publications, conferences, or radio and television programs unless they are an integral part of a project already being funded; no grants for operating budgets, annual campaigns, emergency funds, deficit financing, land acquisition, or renovation projects; no loans. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustees:* William C. Richardson, Ph.D.*, Pres. and C.E.O.; Gregory A. Lyman, Sr. V.P. and Corp. Secy.; Anne C. Petersen, Sr. V.P., Progs.; Paul J. Lawler, V.P., Finance and Treas.; Geraldine Kearse Brookins, V.P., Progs.; Richard M. Foster, V.P., Progs.; Gail D. 562 McClure, V.P., Progs.; Dan E. Moore, V.P., Progs.; Gloria R. Smith, V.P., Progs.; Shirley D. Bowser; Chris T. Christ; Dorothy A. Johnson; William E. LaMothe; Hanmin Liu; Russell G. Mawby; Wenda Weekes Moore; Robert L. Raun; Howard F. Sims; Jonathan T. Walton Staff: 265 Application Information: Proposals must conform to specified program priorities. Application form not required. Initial approach: Pre-proposal letter (1 to 2 pages). Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Monthly. Descriptors: ; Seed money; Fellowship funds; Employee matching gifts; Early childhood education; Elementary school/education; Secondary school/education; Higher education; Health sciences school/education; Adult/continuing education; Education; Health care, support services; Health care; Health associations; Agriculture; Agriculture/food; Youth development, services; Youth, services ; Aging, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Community development, neighborhood development; Rural development; Community development; Voluntarism promotion; Computer science; International studies; Leadership development; Minorities; African Americans; Aging; Caribbean; Botswana; Lesotho; South Africa; Swaziland; Zimbabwe; Latin America; Nutrition; Agriculture, soil/water issues; Public health; Elementary/secondary education; Youth development J. P. Morgan Charitable Trust (Formerly Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York Charitable Trust) c/o J.P. Morgan & Co., Inc. 60 Wall St., 46th Fl. New York , NY 10260-0060 (212) 648-3246 Purpose and Activities: Emphasis is on helping to find solutions to social problems and needs through support of competent agencies in fields of health, social services, culture, education, the environment, and international affairs. Special attention to job training, youth programs, international relief, housing, economic development, and advocacy and citizen involvement programs in New York City. Matches employee gifts to educational programs, cultural institutions, hospitals and health care agencies, human services and local development organizations, and environmental and international organizations. Assets Amount: $17,337,434 AM Total Giving: $13,771,093 Grants Amount: $8,827,643 Highest Grant: $425,000 Lowest Grant: $5,000 Average Grant: 5000-50000 Matching Gifts Amount: $4,943,450 Grantmaking Programs: ** Arts: The trust's goal in supporting the arts is to help encourage and sustain cultural institutions that enrich the quality of life in New York City. The trust's grants assist organizations working in theater, dance, music, visual arts, and film, including some that teach the arts to public school children and some that expand access to the arts for low-income New Yorkers. To help create a climate in which the arts can prosper, the trust aids agencies that provide advocacy for the arts. To help improve the organizational stability and management expertise of arts groups, the trust supports organizations that provide technical assistance and 563 other services. The trust supports both large and small organizations, believing that it is important not only to strengthen the city's major cultural institutions but also to encourage less established organizations whose work fosters artistic vitality and cultural diversity. ** Education: Improvement in the quality of education in the New York City public school system continues to be one of the trust's primary concerns. The trust has identified and encouraged programs that give promise of improving public education, particularly those that can be replicated throughout the educational system. The trust recognizes the need to assist not only programs aimed at developing student skills but also those designed to foster teacher training and support, professional development, educational advocacy, and parental involvement. The trust also supports programs that work to improve adult literacy. In the area of higher education, the focus is on colleges and universities that are located in areas of the U.S. where the firm has a physical location. The trust also supports local colleges and universities which provide educational opportunities for economically disadvantaged students or that work collaboratively with the New York City public school system. ** Employee Matching Gifts: Contributions to eligible organizations in the areas of culture, education, the environment, human services, and international affairs of $25 to $8,000 per employee, per year are matched on a one-to-one basis. All full-time employees, retired employees, members of the board of directors and their spouses are eligible to participate. The matching gift policy is applicable when the gift is a personal contribution, subject to personal income-tax deduction, by an eligible employee; it does not apply to group fundraising efforts. ** Environment: The trust grants in the environmental area are to organizations that work to conserve and make wise use of natural resources. The trust supports local environmental organizations addressing issues ranging from preservation of open space to recycling, and local and national organizations that do or promote scientific research, economic analysis, and advocacy for improved environmental quality. The trust also assists programs that educate policymakers and the general public on current environmental issues. ** Health Care: The trust recognizes the need to maintain both the quality of and access to all levels of health care services, particularly for low-income residents of New York City. In response to these needs, the trust supports community-based primary care programs and advocacy efforts to increase the availability of primary care in underserved communities. The trust also supports programs that emphasize health education, early detection, and intervention, particularly as it applies to major public health challenges such as AIDS. The trust acknowledges the need to help New York City hospitals overcome severe strains on their finances, personnel, and physical plants by assisting initiatives that will help increase both the quality of and access to hospital- based care and that help meet the capital needs of major medical institutions. ** International Affairs: As a global financial institution, the trust supports organizations that promote development and improvement in the quality of life in the developing regions of the world where it does business. The trust targets support to organizations working in the fields of economic development, education and relief. While most of the grants are to U.S. nonprofits, the trust's chief interests are in organizations that rely on the involvement of local nonprofits and residents in designing and operating their programs. The bulk of contributions assist organizations with economic development programs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The trust also aids selected U.S. nonprofit organizations based overseas and matches selected grants to nonprofits abroad made by the company's foreign offices. ** Urban Affairs: The trust's principal objective in its urban affairs grantmaking is to promote stability and self-sufficiency among low-income families. The trust supports public and private service providers as well as advocates addressing issues such as child care, foster care, domestic violence, homelessness, and hunger. The trust 564 assists employment training and placement efforts and community economic development projects that create and preserve jobs. Recognizing the continuing need to provide adequate and affordable housing for moderate and low-income New Yorkers, the trust supports a variety of housing development organizations. The trust also aids efforts to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in public and nonprofit institutions by supporting organizations that provide training, strategic planning, and other management assistance. The problem of racial and ethnic polarization in society is addressed through support of efforts to secure and maintain the civil rights of all citizens, and to promote understanding and cooperation among people of diverse backgrounds. ** The Volunteer Involvement Fund: The fund exists to provide financial assistance to nonprofit organizations that benefit from contributions of time and talent from Morgan employee volunteers. The fund encourages volunteers to take the initiative in seeking support for programs or projects that they believe will help nonprofit groups in better serving the community. The fund makes contributions of $100 to $1,000 to eligible organizations, concentrating on projects that would not normally be funded by traditional corporate contribution programs. Geographic Limitation: Giving limited to New York, NY, except for certain higher education programs and in the area of international affairs. Program Limitations: No support for organizations working with chemical dependency, specific disabilities or diseases (except AIDS), or churches for non-secular purposes. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for scholarly research, scholarships, fellowships, or conferences; no loans. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Advisory Committee: Roberto G. Mendoza, Jr.; Michael E. Patterson; Hildy J. Simmons Trustee: J.P. Morgan & Co. Incorporated Staff: 2 Application Information: Accepts New York Common Application form. Application form required. Initial approach: Letter. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): Sept. 15. Board meeting date(s): Every 9 weeks. Final notification: 3 months. Write: Hildy Simmons, Managing Dir. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Annual campaigns; Capital campaigns; Building/renovation; Equipment; Endowments; Program development; Seed money ; Technical assistance; Employee matching gifts; Matching/challenge support ; Performing arts; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary school/education; Higher education; Libraries/library science; Education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Health care; Health associations; AIDS; Medical research; Housing/shelter, development; Human services; Children & youth, services; Aging, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; International relief; International affairs; Economic development ; Community development; Minorities; Theater; Dance; Film/video; Secondary school/education; Health organizations; Natural resource conservation & protection; Public policy, research; AIDS research; International economic development; Africa; Asia; Latin America; Economically disadvantaged; Food services; Employment; Public affairs; Vocational education; Family services ; Homeless, human services; Homeless; Race/intergroup relations; Civil rights The David and Lucile Packard Foundation 300 2nd St., Ste. 200 Los Altos , CA 94022 565 (650) 948-7658 Purpose and Activities: The foundation provides grants to nonprofit organizations in the following program areas: science, children and community, population, conservation, arts and film preservation, education, and special areas that include organizational effectiveness and philanthropy. The foundation provides national and international grants, and also has a special focus on the northern CA counties of San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and Monterey. Assets Amount: $8,991,300,000 AM Total Giving: $173,074,000 Grants Amount: $173,060,589 Number of Grants: 1,481 Highest Grant: $29,184,000 Lowest Grant: $1,000 Average Grant: 1000-29200000 Operating Program Amount: $5,302,000 Number of Operating Programs: 1 Loan Amount: $18,350,000 Number of Loans: 5 Matching Gifts Amount: $13,411 NO. OF MATCHING GIFTS: 60 Grantmaking Programs: Conservation: The program seeks to achieve a sustainable future for all life. To this end, the foundation supports projects that protect the earth's natural systems, conserve habitats rich in biological diversity, and advance the environmentally sound use of natural resources to meet human needs. Grantmaking focuses on model projects in California, the West Coast of North America, and the Pacific Ocean. Priorities include conservation of threatened natural systems in California and along North American's West Coast, and marine fisheries and habitats in the Pacific. ** Education: The primary focus is on reading. The Packard Foundation Reading Initiative supports California school districts with a commitment to implementing instructional programs based on scientific research on how children learn to read. ** Matching Gifts: All foundation employees are eligible to have their gifts to public charities, schools, colleges and other 501(c)(3) organizations matched by the foundation. The gifts may range from $35 to $1,000 per calendar year. ** Organizational Effectiveness Program: The mission of the program is to enhance the management, governance, and leadership capabilities of grantees and other nonprofits. Through this program, the foundation ensures that grantees and other nonprofits have access to information and resources needed to pursue excellence in management and governance, and that David Packard's legacy in innovative, quality management practices is carried forward for the benefit of the nonprofit sector. The program provides two kinds of support: grants to current and recent foundation grantees to enable them to undertake projects that will enhance their management or governance; and grants to organizations that provide management services to nonprofits. ** Population: To improve the quality of life for women, men, and their families, and to help reduce the pressure on the earth's resources posed by the continued growth of the world's population, the program seeks to broaden access to safe reproductive choices around the world. In particular, the foundation supports programs that address the large unmet need for family planning methods in the developing world. The foundation also supports organizations that educate policymakers and the public about the importance of reproductive choices. The program seeks to ensure that women and men have realistic access to fertility options. In particular, the foundation supports family planning programs in developing countries that are sensitively offered with attention to reproductive health concerns. The foundation supports organizations that educate citizens and policymakers, particularly in industrialized countries, about the significance of population growth and the impact of consumption patterns on the environment and on our planet's resource base. The foundation has a long-standing commitment to supporting access to safe abortion and 566 contraception. Grants in this area focus on projects and organizations working to preserve and promote reproductive rights both in the United States and throughout the world. ** Science: Fellowships for Science and Engineering: The program was established in 1988 to encourage promising young university professors to pursue their science and engineering research. Every year, 50 universities are invited to nominate two young professors from their institutions. Nominations are reviewed by a committee of distinguished scientists, who select 24 Fellows to receive individual grants of $125,000 annually for five consecutive years. The foundation hopes that this program will improve and increase scientific research by persuading exceptional scientists and engineers to remain within academia to conduct research and to teach the next generation. ** Science: Historically Black Colleges and Universities Science Program: To improve the teaching of science at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), the foundation invites proposals annually from approximately 40 HBCUs and awards grants of approximately $100,000 each to ten selected schools. The goal of this program is to increase the number of young black graduates in science who can become leaders in their fields and role models for the next generation. An advisory committee of eminent educators assists staff in evaluating proposals. ** Science: Interdisciplinary: The foundation recognizes that interdisciplinary research is of growing significance in both pure and applied science. Certain scientific problems demand an interdisciplinary approach. The foundation is launching this new program intended to assist scientists who see the need for an interdisciplinary approach to answer questions and make discoveries in any areas of natural science and engineering. ** Science: Ocean Science: David Packard founded the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in 1987, to bring scientists and engineers together to perform research and develop new technologies for undersea exploration. Today, MBARI remains a high priority project of the foundation and continues to develop and operate unmanned remote vehicles and their associated equipment for ocean science research in the deep canyons of Monterey Bay and elsewhere. Grants to other ocean science organizations are generally limited to research projects in the Monterey Bay area. ** Science: Graduate Scholars: Through a competitive process, the foundation supports graduates of HBCUs who are admitted to doctoral programs in the sciences. Up to 15 scholarships are awarded annually; each scholarship is for $100,000 to be disbursed over five years. Qualified nominees are solicited once a year from approximately 40 historically black colleges and universities. An advisory committee of eminent educators assists staff in evaluating candidates. ** Science: Tribal Colleges Program: The goal of the program is to help tribal colleges better serve the needs of students studying science. Grants of approximately $100,000 are awarded annually. An advisory committee of experts who are actively involved in tribal colleges assists staff in evaluating proposals. ** Science: Tribal Scholars Program: This program supports graduates of tribal colleges who are admitted to four-year colleges and universities for studies in the sciences and math. The program awards up to ten scholarships annually, each in the amount of $20,000 disbursed over two years. Nominees are solicited annually from tribal colleges. ** Special Area: Archaelogy: Historically, the foundation has provided support for selected excavations in Greece, notably the ancient marketplace (Agora) of Athens. ** Special Areas: Lucile Packard Children's Health Services at Stanford: This hospital, which opened in 1991, remains a high-priority project of the foundation. Grants in this area help to ensure the ongoing ability of the hospital to provide world-class pediatric health care to children in the San Francisco Bay Area. ** Special Areas: Philanthropy: The goals of the 567 program are to strengthen the private, nonprofit sector and to increase organized philanthropy. The foundation supports national efforts to promote the nonprofit sector. Particular emphasis is placed on projects that help the public, the media, and government understand the role and contributions of these organizations. ** Special Area: Pueblo, Colorado: David Packard was born in Pueblo, Colorado, and this city's well-being is of special concern to the foundation. An advisory board of Pueblo County residents evaluates proposals and recommends funding for projects that will benefit the community. The foundation is particularly interested in projects to improve education and community health, and to support the arts and the community's youth. Geographic Limitation: Giving for the arts and community development primarily in Santa Clara, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and Monterey counties, CA, with some support also in the Pueblo, CO, area; national giving for child health and development; national and international giving for population and the environment. Program Limitations: No support for religious purposes. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustees:* Susan Packard Orr*, Chair.; Nancy Packard Burnett*, Vice-Chair.; David Woodley Packard*, Vice-Chair.; Julie E. Packard*, Vice-Chair.; Barbara P. Wright, Secy.; Edwin E. van Bronkhorst*, Treas.; Colburn S. Wilbur, Exec. Dir.; Robin Chandler Duke; Dean O. Morton; Lew E. Pratt; Frank Roberts Staff: 95 Application Information: Application form not required. Initial approach: Proposal or 2- to 3-page letter of inquiry. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): Sept. 15, Dec. 15, Mar. 15, and June 15. Board meeting date(s): Dec., Mar., June, and Sept. Final notification: 2 weeks after board meetings. Write: Prog. Off. of area of interest Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Building/renovation; Equipment; Land acquisition; Emergency funds; Program development; Conferences/seminars; Professorships; Seed money; Fellowship funds; Internship funds; Scholarship funds; Research; Technical assistance; Consulting services; Program evaluation; Program-related investments/loans; Employee matching gifts; Matching/challenge support; Performing arts; Dance ; Theater; Music; History & archaeology; Arts/cultural programs; Early childhood education; Child development, education; Reading; Education; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Family planning; Health care; Health associations; Employment; Housing/shelter, development; Human services; Children & youth, services; Child development, services; Homeless, human services; Urban/community development; Community development; Philanthropy/voluntarism; Marine science; Engineering & technology; Science; Population studies; Minorities; Economically disadvantaged; Homeless; Latin America; Mexico; Museums; Health organizations; Public policy, research; Vocational education; Youth, services; Business & industry; Food services; Wildlife preservation & protection; Agriculture; Secondary school/education; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Mathematics; Engineering school/education; Engineering; Higher education; Historic preservation/historical societies; Hospitals (general); Pediatrics; Philanthropy/voluntarism, government agencies; Foundations (private grantmaking); Foundations (public); Aging, centers & services; Aging Byron Robinson Education Foundation 2315 Washington St. 568 P.O. Box 900 Boston , MA 02119 (617) 445-9800 Purpose and Activities: The propagation of business and science education in the West Indies, West Africa, and Latin America. Assets Amount: $525,753 AM Total Giving: $34,352 Grants Amount: $34,352 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in the West Indies, West Africa, and Latin America. Limitation: International (I) Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Directors:* Byron C. Robinson, D.D.S.*, Chair.; Mark A. Robinson, B.Sc.,J.D.,MBA*, Pres.; Dorothea Robinson, R.N., M.A., Corp. Secy.; Stacey C. Robinson, B.A., J.D.*, Cont. and Treas. Descriptors: ; Scholarships--to individuals; Business school/education; Science, public education; Caribbean; Western Africa; Latin America The Tinker Foundation Inc. 55 E. 59th St. New York , NY 10022 (212) 421-6858 Purpose and Activities: Broadly, to promote better understanding among the peoples of the U.S., Latin America, Portugal, and Spain. More specifically, grants are awarded to organizations and institutions which promote the interchange and exchange of information within the community of those concerned with the affairs of Spain, Portugal, Ibero-America, and Antarctica. (Ibero-America is defined here as the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries of the Western Hemisphere.) Emphasis is placed on those activities that have strong public policy implications, offer innovative solutions to many of the problems facing these regions today, and incorporate new mechanisms for addressing environmental, economic, political and social issues. Such activities may include, but are not limited to, research projects, conferences and workshops. The foundation also promotes collaboration between organizations in the U.S. and Iberia or Latin America and among institutions in those regions. Assets Amount: $74,671,173 AM Total Giving: $2,680,300 Grants Amount: $2,680,300 Number of Grants: 55 Highest Grant: $160,000 Lowest Grant: $1,800 Average Grant: 20000-75000 Grantmaking Programs: ** Tinker Field Research Grants: Open to all recognized centers or institutes of Latin American or Iberian studies with graduate doctoral programs at accredited U.S. universities. The awards for graduate students are to be used for travel to Latin America, Spain, or Portugal to acquire a comprehensive knowledge of language, terrain, and culture, and to develop contacts with scholars and institutions in their fields. Programs are subject to the following selection criteria: quality of the area studies program and immediate benefit to the program that will result from the grant as demonstrated by past commitments and future projects. These individual awards should reflect the major interests of the foundation. Up to three new $15,000 Field Research Grants will be awarded annually. There is the possibility of up to two 569 one-year renewals of the initial award. The award has a matching requirement of $15,000. ** Tinker Institutional Grants: To be considered for a grant, a proposal must be submitted by a specific institutional entity and be concerned with topics or activities related to Iberia, Latin America or Antarctica. Emphasis is placed on those activities that have strong public policy implications, offer innovative solutions to many of the problems facing these regions today, and incorporate new mechanisms for addressing environmental, economic and political issues. Such activities may include, but are not limited to, research projects, conferences and workshops. The foundation also promotes collaboration between and among organizations in the United States, Latin America, Spain and Portugal. Applications are considered biannually by the Board of Directors, in mid-June and mid-Dec. The deadline is Mar. 1 for the summer meeting and Oct. 1 for the winter meeting. Geographic Limitation: Giving limited to projects related to Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and Antarctica. Program Limitations: No support for projects concerned with health or medical issues or the arts and humanities. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for building or endowment funds, equipment, annual campaigns, operating budgets, annual appeals of community funds, or production costs for film, television, and radio projects. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Directors:* Martha T. Muse*, Chair.; Renate Rennie*, Pres.; Raymond L. Brittenham*, Secy.; John A. Luke, Jr.*, Treas.; William R. Chaney; Richard A. Grasso; John N. Irwin II; Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.; Richard de J. Osborne; Susan L. Segal Staff: 6 Application Information: Application form required. Initial approach: Letter. Copies of proposal: 2. Deadline(s): Institutional grants: Mar. 1 for summer meeting and Oct. 1 for winter meeting; Field Research Grants: Oct. 1. Board meeting date(s): Institutional grants: June and Dec.; Field Research Grants: Dec. Final notification: Institutional and Field Research grants: 2 weeks after board meetings. Write: Renate Rennie, Pres. Descriptors: ; Program development; Conferences/seminars; Seed money; Research; Matching/challenge support; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Foreign policy; International affairs; Marine science; Economics; Political science; Public policy, research; Government/public administration; Welfare policy & reform; Portugal; Spain; Latin America; Mexico; Antarctica; Higher education; International studies Damien Foundation Russ Bldg. 235 Montgomery St., Ste. 1120 San Francisco , CA 94104 (415) 421-7555 Purpose and Activities: "The foundation's aim is to empower those whose vision for humanity and the planet is democratic, fair and environmentally sound. The foundation supports grassroots organizations and projects whose work reflects compassion, consciousness and commitment. The foundation takes an international approach to grantmaking, awarding many of its grants in South America, especially in Brazil. The planet's delicate ecological situation is a challenge to which the foundation responds by directing a significant portion of our grants to environmental projects, particularly those that help raise awareness of the complex issues involved. Projects 570 organized by women or that evoke women's transformative potential are encouraged. Communities that nurture the social, psychological and spiritual dimensions of the individual are favored." Assets Amount: $1,229,703 AM Total Giving: $76,900 Grants Amount: $76,900 Number of Grants: 6 Highest Grant: $30,000 Lowest Grant: $1,548 Average Grant: 5000-10000 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, with emphasis on Brazil; giving also in Europe. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Officers and Trustee:* Tara Lamont*, Pres.; Mark Rabine, Secy.; Humberto Mafra, Treas. and Exec. Dir. Application Information: Application form not required. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Varies. Write: Mark Rabine, Secy. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Program development; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Women, centers & services; Psychology/behavioral science; Women; South America; Brazil DuPont Corporate Contributions Program c/o Ext. Affairs Dept., DuPont and Co. 9541 Nemours Bldg. Wilmington , DE 19898 (302) 774-2036 Purpose and Activities: DuPont's Contributions Program is committed to improving the quality of life and enhancing the vitality of communities in which the company has a major business presence. Its mission is to integrate such activities on a global scale with DuPont's overall goals and objectives. All contributions, therefore, must serve to maintain institutions and services which impact DuPont and its employees, the local community, and society in general. This includes programs which address special company interests or areas of expertise, organizations that provide resources and information upon which the company depends, nonprofit organizations whose functions are important to the company and society, programs which contribute to the well-being of employees as well as their community, and volunteer efforts. Main areas of support are education and the environment. In addition, DuPont provides considerable support to the arts, health and human services organizations, and community and civic activities in communities where substantial company operations are located. The Committee on Contributions and Memberships is responsible for K-12 educational monetary donations and business memberships. Individual business units with locations throughout the world support programs relevant to their respective manufacturing, research, marketing, scientific, or community interests. Total Giving: $46,300,000 Grants Amount: $37,000,000 Highest Grant: $1,500,000 Lowest Grant: $500 Average Grant: 500-5000 In-Kind Amount: $9,300,000 571 Grantmaking Programs: ** Education: DuPont supports quality education at all levels. The company helps to strengthen colleges and universities that are leaders in scientific research and supply them with trained professionals and new knowledge, primarily in the physical sciences, life and health sciences, engineering and business. K-12 education and math and science programs also receive special attention. The Committee on Educational Aid distributes grants to supplement the normal budget of selected academic departments in colleges and universities. Grants for research projects, endowments, and capital expenditures are not normally considered. ** Environment: DuPont supports initiatives aimed at improving the public's understanding of important environmental issues. Programs supported generally involve collaborative efforts with government, industry and the community at all levels; address environmental solutions which are held in high value by society; have identifiable and measurable goals; and have a positive impact on DuPont's environmental commitment. ** Health and Human Services: DuPont's principal channel for contributions and volunteer help in support of its communities is the United Way in locations where the company has substantial operations and employees. Appropriate management assistance is provided to conduct effective employee campaigns. The company also provides support for hospital capital campaigns and health projects where facilities are used by employees and their families. An important consideration is whether the project will improve the quality of health care in a cost-effective manner. Other recipients include occupational medicine programs, organizations serving youth, minorities, the elderly and the handicapped, and education/prevention and research. In social welfare, the company is interested in poverty issues, the homeless, the elderly, childcare, disabled/handicapped, literacy, teen pregnancy, infant mortality, housing development, economic development, and youth, including at-risk youth. ** Minority Business: DuPont's commitment to the minority business community is formalized in the company's TEMPO (To Encourage Minority Purchasing Opportunities) program, which is dedicated to an increasingly efficient and effective working partnership with minority suppliers to create more opportunities leading to more business for both sides of the partnership. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas of company operations in U.S. and Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, and Venezuela; national and regional programs also supported. Program Limitations: No support for sectarian religious groups, fraternal organizations, veterans' groups, political organizations or campaigns, or disease-specific organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for endowments, student loans, surplus equipment, or advertising; generally no operating funds. Staff: 9 Application Information: Major regional or national organizations or programs in Wilmington, DE, write to headquarters in care of Committee on Contributions and Memberships, DuPont External Affairs; other projects should be addressed to nearest company site; most education grants are initiated by DuPont, but applications are accepted; requests for higher education grants should be sent to the Committee on Educational Aid, DuPont CR&D. Application form not required. Initial approach: Letter or proposal with cover letter; send request to headquarters or nearest company facility. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): Major requests should be received by Aug. Board meeting date(s): Corporate Committee meets in May and Oct.; major grants considered at annual budget review in Oct. Final notification: For grants which are included in DuPont's contribution budget, early Jan.; other grants, shortly after committee meeting. Write: Scott Nelson, Mgr., Contribs. and Community Affairs 572 Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Emergency funds; Program development; Seed money; Fellowship funds; Scholarship funds ; Research; Donated equipment; Donated products; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Health care; Health organizations; Housing/shelter, development; Women, centers & services; Urban/community development; Community development; Federated giving programs; Engineering & technology; Science; Economics; Public policy, research; Minorities; Women; Canada; Belgium; France; Netherlands; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Switzerland; Germany; Mexico; Argentina; Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela; Indonesia; Singapore; Korea; Japan; Hong Kong; Australia; New Zealand; Visual arts; Museums; Performing arts; Libraries/library science; Secondary school/education; Business school/education; Engineering school/education; Physical/earth sciences; Mathematics; Engineering; Government/public administration; Human services; Youth, services; Aging, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Voluntarism promotion; Disabled; Aging; Community development, small businesses Ford Motor Company Corporate Giving Program The American Rd. P.O. Box 1899, Rm. 949 Dearborn , MI 48121-1899 (888) 313-0102 Purpose and Activities: Makes contributions of land, buildings, equipment, and in-house services. Gives to colleges and universities for specific research projects. Also maintains memberships in Chambers of Commerce and other area organizations. Total Giving: $12,332,091 Grants Amount: $10,598,050 Number of Grants: 630 Highest Grant: $250,000 Lowest Grant: $100 Average Grant: 100-5000 In-Kind Amount: $1,734,041 Number of In-Kind Gifts: 13 Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas of operations, including internationally in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Mexico, and South America. Program Limitations: No support for capital funds or endowments. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Staff: 9 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles contributions. Application form not required. Initial approach: Letter of inquiry to headquarters. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): 6 to 8 weeks. Final notification: 10 to 12 weeks. Write: Gary L. Nielsen, V.P. and Exec. Dir. Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Building/renovation; Technical assistance; Use of facilities; Sponsorships; Donated equipment; Donated land; Donated products; Journalism & publishing; Visual arts; Performing arts; Arts/cultural programs; Higher education; Business school/education; Education; Environment; Medical research; Youth, services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; International affairs; Federated giving programs; Engineering & technology; Science; Minorities; Asia; Australia; Canada; Europe; Mexico; South America Merck & Co., Inc. Corporate Giving Program 573 1 Merck Dr. P.O. Box 100 Whitehouse Station , NJ 08889-0100 (908) 423-2042 Purpose and Activities: The business of Merck is improving the quality of life throughout the world. Main emphasis is on the development of innovative products for the health and well- being of society. Cash grants and donated products support science education on all levels, community services in areas where Merck operates, environmental policies that protect the health of company employees and communities, and medical outreach that responds to major natural disasters and the medical needs of developing countries. A major portion of Merck funding is committed annually to higher education programs initiated in cooperation with selected medical schools and universities. Operating support for health and social service agencies is targeted to Merck communities and generally directed through annual contributions to the United Way. Requests for support are evaluated on the basis of relevance to Merck's strategic interests. Sufficient resources are not available to fund unsolicited requests from educational institutions or organizations with purposes of limited relationship to Merck's mission. Total Giving: $120,700,000 Grants Amount: $4,700,000 In-Kind Amount: $116,000,000 Grantmaking Programs: ** International Support: Support for development, relief, and scientific research where the company has major operations. Grants complement those made by overseas subsidiaries, some of which have their own grants programs. Foreign recipients are primarily universities. ** Medical and Science Education: Merck's goal is to ensure there will be a future reservoir of qualified physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, scientists, and engineers by supporting pre-college and college science and math education, with support also for research. The Merck Fellowship in Lipidology at the Mayo Clinic and Fellowships in Clinical Epidemiology were two more fellowship programs established in 1989. Types of grants include fellowships, research, and faculty hiring; recipients include American Federation for Aging Research, Salk Institute, Aspira Inc., The Protein Society, WNET/Channel 13, and numerous colleges and universities. Merck also participates in programs with school systems, universities and educational organizations to update science education for teachers through workshops and internships, help school districts revamp their science programs, and prepare students for science careers. Contributions, both large and small, have helped healthcare organziations educate both professionals and the public about disease treatment and prevention. Support for such programs range from an education and research center for the European Society of Cardiology to AIDS service and advocacy groups that are working to educate the public on the prevention and early detection of the disease. ** Medical Outreach Program: Through the Medical Outreach Program, Merck donates products in response to major natural disasters and medical needs in developing countries. The major focus, however, of product donations continued to be the Mectizan Donation Program, now in its eighth year. Since 1987, Merck, in partnership with the Carter Center in Atlanta, GA, has donated Mectizan for the treatment of river blindness. More than 13 million people have received treatment. Merck will continue to donate Mectizan for as long as treatment is needed. As a result of this commitment, there is for the first time the possibility of eradicating river blindness. In 1996, Merck donated more than $125 million in products for 574 humanitarian relief. ** Public Policy: The emphasis is on improving health care delivery, quality, and cost effectiveness. Support also for programs which help shape a business environment supportive of innovative research-intensive companies. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in headquarters city and major operating locations in U.S. and abroad; plants exist in Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, England, France, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Portugal, Scotland, South Wales, and Spain. Program Limitations: No support for political, labor, fraternal, sectarian, or veterans' groups. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals, or for endowments, publications, media productions, elementary or secondary education, scholarships, fellowships, research, conferences, seminars, or symposia, or travel except within established programs. Governing Body/Executive Staff: Contributions Staff: John R. Taylor, Dir., Corp. Contribs.; Shuang Ruy Huang, Mgr., Corp. Contribs.; Brenda D. Colatrella, Mgr., Product Donations Staff: 6 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles contributions. Application form not required. Initial approach: Proposal to headquarters (no longer than 2 pages). Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): As required. Final notification: 3 months required for full review and decision. Write: John R. Taylor, Dir., Corp. Contribs. Descriptors: ; Program development; Fellowship funds; Research; Program-related investments/loans; Donated products; Secondary school/education; Higher education; Engineering school/education; Education; Environment; Health care; AIDS; Health organizations; Medical research; AIDS research; Human services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Engineering & technology; Engineering; Science; Government/public administration; Minorities; Canada; Europe; France; Italy; United Kingdom; Portugal; Spain; Germany; Latin America; Mexico; Asia; Japan; Australia; International development; Elementary/secondary education; Science, research; Health organizations, named diseases; Disasters, preparedness & services; International relief; Public policy, research Rockwell International Corporation Contributions Program 2201 Seal Beach Rd., Box 4250 Seal Beach , CA 90740 Purpose and Activities: Rockwell's giving priorities are: 1) Engineering/math/science education at both the K-12 and post secondary levels. At the post secondary levels, major grants are reserved for colleges/universities from which Rockwell has sucessfully recruited, schools whose research programs are of interest, and schools which are sources of lifelong learning for Rockwell employees. Lesser grants are awarded to schools in Rockwell communities. K-12 priorities include programs to improve educational delivery systems, to improve student learning, and to upgrade the capabilites of math and science teachers in Rockwell communities; and 2) Organizations which provide services in communities where Rockwell has facilities and employees. These include a broad range of health, human service, civic, cultural, and United Way organizations. Total Giving: $1,872,469 Grants Amount: $1,360,411 Highest Grant: $5,000 Lowest Grant: $36 575 Average Grant: 100-5000 In-Kind Amount: $512,058 Grantmaking Programs: ** Civic and Community: Grants are donated to organizations which support community improvement, provide job training and placement, and which concentrate on environmental conservation and ecology. ** Culture and the Arts: Contributions are directed to museums, public radio and television, symphony orchestras, libraries, cultural and performing arts organizations, and theaters for the performing arts, mainly in communities where the company operates. ** Education: The company provides grants to colleges and universities with large research programs as well as schools of interest to Rockwell International and schools from which Rockwell recruits employees. Rockwell also supports organizations which improve elementary and secondary school education in major facility communities. ** Health and Human Services: Company grants focus on hospitals, medical centers, health organizations, community service organizations, and youth groups. Recipients inlcude YMCA, YWCA, United Way, and American Red Cross. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas where company has facilities internationally, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China/Hong Kong, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Program Limitations: No support for religious organizations for religious purposes or non-501(c)(3) organizations. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Staff: 4 Application Information: The company has a staff that only handles giving. Requests from organizations which provide services in communities where Rockwell has a presence should be sent to the manager of the nearest local Rockwell facility. Application form not required. Initial approach: Proposal to nearest company facility. Copies of proposal: 1. Deadline(s): None. Board meeting date(s): Monthly. Final notification: 2 months. Write: William R. Fitz Descriptors: ; General/operating support; Continuing support; Capital campaigns; Building/renovation; Equipment; Endowments; Program development; Conferences/seminars; Curriculum development; Fellowship funds; Scholarship funds; Research; Employee matching gifts; Donated equipment; Donated products; Humanities; Arts/cultural programs; Elementary/secondary education; Higher education; Engineering school/education; Education; Health care; Health organizations; Human services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; International economic development; Federated giving programs; Mathematics; Engineering & technology; Engineering; Science; Government/public administration; Minorities; Canada; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Mexico; Brazil; China; Japan; Hong Kong; Australia; Community development; Employment; Natural resource conservation & protection; Environment; Secondary school/education; Early childhood education; Youth, services; Hospitals (general); Health associations Schering-Plough Corporate Giving Program 1 Giralda Farms P.O. Box 1000 Madison , NJ 07940-1000 (973) 822-7412 Purpose and Activities: The company focuses most of its philanthropic endeavors on institutions 576 and organizations that will have a direct impact on its employees and the communities where they live and work. Community affairs activities and corporate contributions are directed primarily at community health, educational partnerships, the environment, citizenship and in- kind contributions. Grantmaking Programs: ** Community Health: As a leader in the health care industry, Schering-Plough is committed to the support of community-based health programs. The company is an active participant in drug abuse education and offers programs that help patients gain access to medicines at affordable prices and provide free medicines to indigent patients. ** Citizenship and Community Affairs: Responsible corporate citizenship demands attention to environment issues. On the local level Schering-Plough's goal is to operate as a responsible corporate citizen and good neighbor. ** In-Kind Contributions: An important aspect of Schering- Plough's philanthropic activity is the donation of equipment, products and services to nonprofit organizations. In-kind contribution of equipment and services were also an important aspect of the company's philanthropic activity. Several nonprofit organizations are now the proud owners of a varied inventory of used Schering-Plough equipment, from vans to computers to refrigeration units. Employees also contributed their skills. ** International Giving: As a worldwide business, Schering-Plough believes its social responsibilities extend around the globe. In each country where Schering-Plough is an important member of the business community, local management is sensitive to the needs of the people there and works to improve their quality of life. The company is particulary attentive to health care issues and seeks to address them through sponsorship of clinics and through educational programs. Geographic Limitation: Giving primarily in areas where corporate sponsor has major facilities in CA, FL, IL, NE, NJ, PR, TN, and TX; giving also abroad in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Support Limitation: No grants to individuals. Publications: Corporate giving report (CR) Governing Body/Executive Staff: Members: Hugh A. D'Andrade; Richard J. Kogan*; Jack L. Wyszomierski Trustees: Raul E. Cesan; Donald R. Conklin; Joseph C. Conners; Geraldine U. Foster; Richard J. Kinney Application Information: Application form required. Initial approach: Letter to nearest facility manager. Deadline(s): Feb. 1 and July 1. Board meeting date(s): Spring and Fall. Write: Andrew Hageman, Mgr., Corp. Philanthropy Descriptors: ; Employee volunteer services; Employee matching gifts; Employee-related scholarships; Donated equipment; Donated products; In-kind gifts; Museums; Theater; Music; Arts/cultural programs; Business school/education; Adult/continuing education; Adult education--literacy & basic skills; Reading; Education; Environment; Hospitals (general); Health care; Substance abuse, services; Alcoholism; Health organizations; Medical research; Food services; Youth development, citizenship; Human services; Children & youth, services; Youth, services; Women, centers & services; Minorities/immigrants, centers & services; Homeless, human services; International relief; International affairs; Rural development; Voluntarism promotion; Engineering & technology; Science; Government/public administration; Public affairs, citizen participation; Public affairs; Minorities; Women; Homeless; General charitable giving; Canada; Austria; France; Greece; Ireland; Italy; United Kingdom; Portugal; Spain; 577 Egypt; South Africa; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Ecuador; Venezuela; India ; Indonesia; Thailand; Australia. 578 Organizations Funding R&D Collaboration (Source: http://waitro.dti.dk/home.htm) National Council for Scientific and TechnologicalResearch (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas) Address: Gerencia de Investigación Industrial Tel: +58-2-2356466 Avenida Principal de Los Cortijos de Lourdes Fax: +58-2-2391979 Edf. Maploca II, Piso 3 E-mail: [email protected] Caracas Home page: http://www.fundaciepe.plant.org In-Charge: Dr. Juan de Jesús Montilla, Presidente Contact with WAITRO: Ms. Ana Maria Alcazar de Llovera, Gerente de Cooperación Internacional History The National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICT) was created in 1967 and is an autonomous institution with the objective to promote processes of innovation through the development of scientific and technological research and the building of a national system for innovation (NSI). Its programmes comprise basic and applied research, the training of human resources, the creation and strengthening of information systems, the induction of changes in the structure of relations of the NSI agents and the promotion of links with the rest of the world in order to favour the participation of the NSI agents in international programmes. The Council also formulates the political policy of the NSI, acts as advisor to the national executive and coordinates actions with public and private organizations at the national level in different science, technology and innovation fields. Objectives To encourage the building of networks between different national agents, to finance R&D projects and provide scholarships, to establish and operate an information service on R&D. Areas of R&D Activities Fields of Interest: Microelectronics applied to telecommunications, control, informatics, 579 biotechnology applied to agriculture and pharmaceuticals, materials and construction equipment, agriculture equipment, development of small and medium industry and innovation processes. Specialized Fields: R&D financing, scholarships and innovation projects. Facilities and Services R&D information service, testing, consultancy, training and support for development of telematics services. Publications RETO and REGISTRO (magazines). National Indicators of Science & Technology. Interests in International R&D Co-operation Microelectronics, telecommunications, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, materials, construction, agricultural equipment and capital goods, development of small and medium industry and innovation processes. Available Programmes/Opportunities Financing of basic and applied research, training, seminars, workshops and information systems. State Research Center for Experimental Agro-Industrial Production Address: Avda. Andrés Bello - Tel: +58-2-7813423 Edif. Centro Andrés Bello Fax: +58-2-7937564 Torre Este, Pico 5 Ofic. 54-E E-mail: [email protected] Caracas In-Charge: Dr. Rafael Avila, Executive Director Contact with WAITRO: Dr. Luis Sánchez Font, Research 6 Development Adviser History The Center was conceived and built by the Venezuelan Development Corporation (C.V.F.) from 1969 to 1973. In 1976 the Foundation was created by Presidential Decree. At the same time the objectives of the Center were clearly defined as oriented towards the development of the Venezuelan agro-industry through industrial research, training and technological consultancy. Objectives To support the development of Venezuelan agro-industry through industrial research, training and technological consultancy. Areas of R&D Activities 580 Field of interest: Industrial fermentation, cereals and oilseed technology, processing of tropical fruits and vegetables, rheology of foods. Specialized Fields: Food science and technology. Facilities and Services Applied research, development, pilot plant operations, technical information, individual training, group training, standardization, quality control, performance testing. Publications Boletín de Niticias Agroindustrials (monthly), Actualidades CIEPE (4 times a year). Interests in International R&D Co-operation Biotechnology in the area of agro-industry. Available Programmes/Opportunities About ten specialized courses a year on different topics in food technology, about 3 seminars per year. 581 Puerto Rico Report Summary 1. Introduction In 1998 / 1999 the A.D. Little Corporation produced a series of reports on economic development and S&T strategy for Puerto Rico. The following report summary constitutes a general extraction of salient features of the report especially those which might be applicable to other countries of Latin America and those recommendations which resonate, corroborate and/or extend the findings from the 2000 ACS / IAO Research Brief on Chemically Related Activity in Selected Countries of Latin America. 2. Report Rationale and Background Puerto Rico relies heavily upon its manufacturing sector for contributions to GDP. While the sector is known for its operating efficiencies and skilled labor, it has high operating costs (i.e. utilities and labor), is aging, is moving rapidly toward consolidation, is deficient in R&D, and many (~ 1/3) of the concomitant industries operate under the soon-to-be-repealed Section 936 of the US Tax Code allowing them preferential tax treatment and incentives in PR. The largest manufacturing industry sector in PR is chemicals and allied products (85 companies; 153,000 employees) and specifically drugs and pharmaceutical companies working in dosage formulation manufacturing (DFM); PR has the highest concentration of DFM in the world. With the imminent repeal of Section 936 multinational companies will have to choose between operating under controlled foreign corporation status or relocating to other tax havens. Another challenge is that over the next ten years ~150 pharmaceutical products will lose patent protection and PR will see consolidation and intense global competition in its substitute product manufacturing industry from competitors in Eastern Europe, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, India, Singapore, Ireland, and Italy. In this context and to offset negative emerging trends in the manufacturing sector as a whole and with special attention to the pharmaceutical preparation industry segment the PR government commissioned a series of strategic reports to retain, attract and grow industry on the island through the concerted effort of cross-sector (business, government, finance and academic) innovation clusters in communication and information technologies, life sciences, health care, pharmaceuticals and manufacturing. 3. Methodologies Data for the reports was gathered through 14 interviews with local executives and 6 executives of multinational corporation at their respective headquarters. A survey was developed and distributed to 3,000 PR-based employees from major sectors (chemical and related product, rubber/plastic, metal products/machinery, food, apparel, electronics assembly, and medical instrument and devices). Survey response rate is not reported. Desk research and analysis was also conducted as were (apparently) visits to public and private higher education institutions and interviews with faculty and administrators. Missing from the data gathering was input from the chemical sourcing / supply providers in PR. 4. Related Recommendations and Findings ♦ In general multinational pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is attracted to operate in a given country or location by tax incentives, training grants, government investment, accelerated depreciation schedules, low labor costs, advanced labor skill base, well- developed supply / sourcing industries, and infrastructure. 582 ♦ While there is an increase in international industrial R&D, R&D performed internationally is on the decline. ♦ In the pharmaceutical industry, advances in S&T occur at (a) corporate R&D facilities; (b) major universities / hospital research centers – preferably in close physical proximity to the company ; (c) or as a result of R&D performed by production machinery suppliers – typically Swiss, German or Japanese. ♦ Pharma R&D prospects in PR are most promising in quality control and process development, clinical evaluation, biological screening, dosage formulation, and bioavailability. ♦ Closer links between the pharma industry and higher education can be catalyzed by: (a) developing curricula specific to highly skilled labor especially in industrial pharmaceutical formulations; (b) producing more analytical and formulation chemists and skilled professionals in other areas where there are technology gaps; (c) attracting experienced scientists to work with local scientists; (d) participating on economic development task forces; (e) fostering applied research in the design and development of manufacturing systems; (f) fostering R&D and launching S&T platforms for the development of facility monitoring systems, sterile filling technology, production data acquisition systems, automated inspection systems, material handling systems, robotics, software development, production simulation, internships, visiting researcher programs, and worker retraining. ♦ There is a need in PR to establish on-island facilities for the handling and disposal of hazardous industrial wastes (including the improvement of the operation of existing waste water treatment plants), establish centers of flexible and lean manufacturing and packing, industry / university incubators, and inter-university research institutes. ♦ Puerto Rico’s higher education system can have substantial impact on economic development in three key ways: (a) providing skilled human resource (traditional role); (b) transferring expertise (faculty consulting, joint development projects, seminars / workshops); and (c) creating business (licensing proprietary technologies, creating start ups, promoting entrepreneurship). While the academic sector in PR is providing an adequate employee stream to industry, it transfers minimally expertise (mostly through faculty moonlighting) and creates almost no business. ♦ Faculty teaching loads are high in PR (12 credits @ UPR, for example) detracting from research, consulting, managing student coop projects, organizing industry workshops / seminars, and engaging in other technology transfer activities. ♦ To better contribute to PR economic development the S&T segment of higher ed needs to focus on (a) curricula which develop entrepreneurial skills – especially at the graduate level; (b) formation of new business and start-up companies; (c) better understanding of venture capital and intellectual property; (d) linking business schools / departments with S&T departments; (e) developing R&D infrastructure and activity; (f) coordinating S&T strategic plans, actions and resource allocations across public and private institutions; (g) improve S&T teacher preparation, training and certification; (h) launching an S&T expertise database and a repatriation and networking initiative for off-island PR scientists and engineers; (i) fostering S&T graduate programs and R&D at private universities; (j) evaluating all departments, majors and advanced degree programs for their contributions to institutional missions and competitiveness; (k) developing programs to create, commercialize and protect institutional intellectual property; (l) marketing institutional capabilities to industries on the island and to corporate headquarters in the US; (m) creating industrial advisory committees 583 in all R&D thrust areas; (n) providing support to faculty in recognizing the commercial potential of their work; (o) creating and maintaining a directory of S&T faculty research interests and activities and providing such a directory to industry; (p) expanding local graduate fellowship opportunities oriented toward industrial needs; (q) developing university / industry research consortia where for a fee industry can have access to university R&D expertise; ( r ) developing contacts in the financial and venture capital communities on and off the island. 5. Note Not covered in this report summary is a rather extensive action plan to put into operation the A.D. Little recommendations through forming and launching multi-sector innovation clusters. Prepared by Bradley Miller, ACS Office of International Activities 584 ACS International Activities in A World of Collaborative Opportunity Key Indicators Following are polar or radar charts which allow visual comparison between several aspects of chemically related activity in Latin America. Drawn and embellished from similar key scientific indicators developed by UNESCO, these aspects in charts I and II cover human resources (ACS customers, total research scientists, tertiary level chemical science enrollments); chemically related organizations (institutions conferring chemical degrees, professional associations, companies, governmental agencies, research centers, and learned societies); financial resources (R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP, US chemical and allied product exports and imports,); R&D outputs (numbers of chemical publications, transnationally co-authored science & technology articles, Internet servers). The arrangement of these attributes provide a medium to compare visually the congruencies or gaps through frequency distriubtions between and among Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela. KEY COLLABORATION INDICATORS I Latin America - Selected Countries ACS CUSTOMERS 70% AR 60% BR TOTAL RES SCIENTISTS R&D EXP % of GDP 50% CL 40% MX 30% VE 20% INTERNET HOSTS 10% TN S&T CO-AUTHORING 0% US CHEM IMPORTS CHEM PUB'S US CHEM EXPORTS CHEM INST'S 585 KEY COLLABORATION INDICATORS II CHEM COMPANIES 60% AR 50% BR 40% CL MX CHEM INST'S 30% PROF ASSN'S VE 20% 10% 0% GOVT RES CTRS LEARNED SOC'S 586 ACS International Activities: A Framework for Decision-Making (Source: ACS Education and International Activities Division, 1998). The following matrix includes three major areas of concentration internationally – more may be factored in. All of the areas are impacted by different governmental policies in different nations. Where the areas over lap, there is clearly the possibility of activities that will address a large number of issues of concern to ACS members and the global chemical enterprise. 5 Education 2 4 1 Business & Environ- Industry ment 6 3 7 Governmental Policies 1. Education for sustainable development: green chemistry; environmental monitoring and remediation; R&D; training for industry, curriculum issues at all levels; international environmental standards; literacy for the general public. 2. Training for industry: professional and technician training; continuing education; international standards; diversity issues; globalization of the workforce; emigration issues; industry funding of academic research; more broadly education about industry; chemphobia. 3. Regulatory issues: developing and complying with international standards in workplace and environment; monitoring and remediation; green chemistry; R&D; more broadly exploitation of natural products. 4. Environmental science literacy: curriculum at all levels; ethics; informal education; green chemistry; environmental science issues more generally; technical assistance / information transfer; R&D. 5. Chemistry for all: curriculum reform at all levels; assessment issues; interdisciplinary issues; science literacy; chemophobia. 6. Commerce & trade: barriers to competition; trade tariffs; intellectual property rights; electronic commerce; standards issues. 7. Global issues: international protocols; green chemistry; information transfer. 587 To enhance ACS relations and collaboration across chemically related sectors in Latin America our activities: ♦ at the levels of policy, education and practice, can involve aspects of local need, expertise and infrastructure; ♦ may / should coincide with the interests of ACS and its cognate organizations in country; ♦ contribute to economic development; ♦ be global in scope and information-based; ♦ encourage technological innovation; ♦ break down barriers to access; ♦ involve small and medium-sized industrial enterprise, ♦ should be flexible. Attractive areas likely to be applicable and relevant to problems and issues in Latin America include: 1. the opportunity to invest, develop policies and train human resource in environmentally- benign processes and products as capital investments are made in Latin America,; 2. natural products chemistry and characterization of new compounds and their routes to production; 3. environmental monitoring and remediation, including industrial chemical waste minimization and reuse; 4. advanced chemistry in catalysis and petrochemical processes; 5. chemical aspects of health (including sanitation) and agriculture (including GM crops). Opportunities for follow-on discussion in the following areas hold promise to advance ACS activity in chemically related endeavors with Latin America. ♦ Meet with Latin American counterparts at least every two years to continue to gather information on needs, activities, issues and exchange (and funding for exchange) opportunities within chemically-related industry, higher education and trade / professional communities. ♦ Use this presence to gather and report systematically information on how chemists communicate, share information, network with their peers, lobby their government, educate for entry-to-practice / professional development, conduct and publish research, assure competency, and develop standards. ♦ Conduct on-going needs assessment, create and promote specific products that add value and serve ACS international membership and internationally-based US chemists in industry and higher education; ♦ Encourage Latin American representation on ACS committees and participation in award programs; ♦ Identify and expand educational programs and conduct orientations to ACS member services to reach groups of Latin American students in the USA, international members and/or expatriate ACS members; ♦ Translate key ACS publications and collateral materials (print and electronic) into Spanish as a way to recruit and serve ACS members based in Latin America. 588 ♦ Publish biannually an ACS / IAO newsletter on transnational collaboration policies, practices and case studies in chemically related endeavor. Evaluating Impacts of ACS Activity in Latin America Quantitaive and qualitiative multi-method assessment of impacts of ACS programming and activitiy in Latin America might include some of the following factors. Many are drawn and adpated from the US National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine and their collective work in identifying international benchmarking of US research fields: ♦ publication counts and citation analysis in the chemical sciences (in-country and transnational); ♦ greater use of Internet technologies in the chemical enterprise and in research collaborations; ♦ increases R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP; ♦ attraction of venture capital and other investment to the chemical enterprise; ♦ improvement of instrumentation and computation facilities and methods; ♦ increases in and greater sustainability of interactions with in-country chemical societies; ♦ greater international participation in ACS annual meetings; ♦ increases in sales of ACS publications; ♦ increases in Latin American student enrollments in US undergraduate and graduate chemical science program; ♦ greater and more sustainable levels of cooperation between and among governments on projects associated with chemistry – especially government/industrial/academic research; ♦ greater awareness in the US of challenges facing chemistry in Latin America. These factors and others might afford the ACS a unique opportunity to develop and test a set of world-class benchmarks through which to view and evaluate transnational chemical and scientific exchange and collaboration. 589 Appendices ACS Surveys ACS Cuestionario – Facultades de Ciencias Químicas 1) Favor de proveer lo siguiente: Nombre: Dirección: Tel: Fax: Email: WWW: 2) ¿En cuales aspectos de la química enseña, investiga, o consulta Ud? 590 Química de Alimentación / Agricultura ___ Química Analítica___ Tecnología Bioquímica___ Química Biológica___ Desarrollo del Negocio / Administración___ Química del Carbohidrato___ Celulosa, el Papel & el Textil___ Educación Química___ Salud Química & la Seguridad___ Información Química___ Educación de Técnicos Químicos___ Toxicología Química___ Química & la Ley___ Química Coloide & Superficial___ Computadoras/Informatica en la Química___ Química Ambiental___ Química de los Fertilizantes / del Suelo ___ Química de Flúor ___ Química de Combustible___ Geoquímica___ Historia de Química___ Química Industrial & Ingeniería Químcia___ Química Inorgánica___ Química Medicinal___ Química & Tecnología Nuclear___ Química Orgánica___ Química de Petróleo___ Química Física___ Química de Polímeros___ Materias Polimericas: Ciencia & Ingeniería___ Caucho___ Companias Pequeñas de Química___ Otros aspectos de Química___ (especifique por favor) 3)¿Cuál es el numero de profesores permanentes en su facultad? ____ (favor de proveer sus nombres, emails, diplomas, publicaciones recientes, e interes en investigación química) 4) ¿Para el semestre lo más reciente, cuál es el numero de alumnos al nivel de licenciatura en su facultad? ____ 5) ¿Cuál es la duración del curso del estudio, carrera, o programa al nivel de licenciatura en su departamento? 6) ¿Al nivel de licenciatura cuál es el numero de alumnos graduados cada año en su facultad? 0-25___ 26-50 ___ 51-75 ___ 76-100 ___ 100+ ___ 591 7) ¿Para el semestre lo más reciente, cuál es el numero de alumnos al nivel de posgrado? ____ 8) ¿Cuál es la duración del curso del estudio, carrera, o programa a los niveles posgrados de licenciatura en su facultad o departamento? 9) ¿Al nivel posgrado cuál es el numero de alumnos graduados cada año? 0-25___ 26-50 ___ 51-75 ___ 76-100 ___ 100+ ___ 10) ¿Dónde sus diplomados esperan asegurar el empleo? ¿Hacer qué? ¿En qué rango de sueldo? 11) ¿En cuáles sociedades químicas y/o asociaciones profesionales es usted un miembro? 12)¿En cuáles laboratorios trabaja Ud.? (address, telephone, fax, email, www) 11) ¿Para los propósitos educacionales o de la investigación, cuál instrumentación química del análisis usted utiliza en su departmento? NMR:___ GC-MS:___ DTA:___ DSA:___ IR:___ UV:___ HPLC:___ Other / Otro?:___ (especifique por favor) 12) En asuntos químicos trabaja Ud. con las agencias que siguen? (especifique por favor: a. investigación básica; b. consulta; c. investigación del contrato; d control de calidad; e. remediación ambiental; f. otro (especifique por favor) World Bank / Banco Mundial ___ Development Banks / Bancos de Desarrollo___ UNESCO___ European Union___ National Aid Agencies / Agencias Nacionales de Desarrollo___ Other (please specify) / otro (especifique por favor)____ 13) ¿Qué opina usted como los desafíos que enfrenten a estas organizaciones? 14)¿Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? 15) ¿En vinculación con estas agencias cuáles son las ventajas a la empresa química y al desarrollo económico en su país? 592 16)¿Si usted podría señalar a un factor que hizo su vinculación con estas agencias ser exitosa o no exitosa, cuále eso sería? 17) ¿Usted o sus colegas han participado en programas de vinculación de la industria química / educación superior? 18)¿Usted está involucrado personalmente en la actividad? Yes/ Sí___ No___ 19)¿Qué forma de actividad? a. investigación básica ___ b. consulta___ c. investigación del contrato ___ d. control de calidad ___ e. Remediación ambiental ___ f. otro (especifique por favor) 20) ¿Cuáles compañías están participando en la vinculación? 21) ¿Cuál le hizo participar en la vinculación? 22)¿Cómo usted se comunicó o matenia contacto mientras que progresó la vinculación? 23) ¿En su opinión cuáles son las características de una vinculación exitosa de la universidad / de la industria en su país? Qué vinculacións usted identificaría como excepcional? Si en todo posible, proporcione por favor al direccionamiento del nombre, de la posición, de la compañía, del direccionamiento, del teléfono, del fax, del email y de WWW del contacto. 24)¿Cuál obstaculiza o es problemático para el desarrollo de estas vinculaciones? Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? 25) ¿Cómo piensa que vinculación entre la industria química y la universidad puede ser mejorado en su país? 26) Para las vinculaciones internacionales de la universidad / de la industria que implican el científico, el investigador, o la movilidad de estudiante a través de las fronteras nacionales, qué conocimiento, las habilidades o las capacidades son importantes para que el participante posea? 593 27) ¿Otros comentarios o pensamientos en vinculación industria / universidad? Qué aspectos para del sector industrial químico usted ve como el más prometedor de la vinculación? Gracias por su ayuda. Cuestionario – Sociedades de Ciencias Químicas Favor de proveer lo siguiente: Nombre: Dirección: Tel: Fax: Email: WWW: ¿Cuáles son los objectivos de su sociedad? ¿Como se hace socio? 594 ¿Cuota anual de la sociedad? (en $US) ¿Cuáles ramas de la química representa la sociedad? Química de Alimentación / Agricultura ___ Química Analítica___ Tecnología Bioquímica___ Química Biológica___ Desarrollo del Negocio / Administración___ Química del Carbohidrato___ Celulosa, el Papel & el Textil___ Educación Química___ Salud Química & la Seguridad___ Información Química___ Educación de Técnicos Químicos___ Toxicología Química___ Química & la Ley___ Química Coloide & Superficial___ Computadoras/Informatica en la Química___ Química Ambiental___ Química de los Fertilizantes / del Suelo ___ Química de Flúor ___ Química de Combustible___ Geoquímica___ Historia de Química___ Química Industrial & Ingeniería Químcia___ Química Inorgánica___ Química Medicinal___ Química & Tecnología Nuclear___ Química Orgánica___ Química de Petróleo___ Química Física___ Química de Polímeros___ Materias Polimericas: Ciencia & Ingeniería___ Caucho___ Companias Pequeñas de Química___ Otros aspectos de Química___ (especifique por favor) ¿Quienes son las autoridades actuales de la comisión directiva de la sociedad? (Favor de incluir sus nombres, correos electronicos, intereses de la química) ¿Aproximadamente cuantos socios hay en la sociedad? (Favor de incluir los numeros de asociados por division) ¿Provee la sociedad cursos o entrenamiento para los afiliados? (Favor de incluir los topicos y frecuencia de ofrecimiento) ¿Cuáles premios se ha instituido en reconocimiento a los socios que se han destacado en la química? (Favor de proveer las ramas de química y los titulos de los premios) ¿Cuáles son las publicaciones de la sociedad? (Frecuencia?) 595 ¿La sociedad celebra reuniones anuales? (Favor de proveer los temas de los últimos cinco años) ¿Asistencia en las reuniones anuales? ¿Otras actividades / servicios de su sociedad (aseguramiento de calidad de programas educativos o Responsibilidad Integral)? ¿Qué opina usted como los desafíos que enfrenten a la sociedad química? ¿Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? Favor de proveer lo siguiente: En su pais, aproximadamente la matriculación y número de diplomados annual de estudiantes en programas de quimica al nivel de licientura. En su pais aproximadamente la matriculación y número de diplomados annual de estudiantes en programas de quimica al nivel de posgrado. Número aproximado de empleados en la industria química en su pais. ¿En ventas anuales cúales son las compañias (5) más grandes en su pais? ¿ Cuáles son los laboratorios (5) más reconocidos en su pais? ¿Cuál(es) es /son la(s) agencia(s) gubermental(es) que se encarga(n) de asuntos químicos para el pais? (Favor de proveer el nombre del director, direccion, tel / fax, correo electronico y www) 596 ¿En asuntos químicos trabaja Ud. con las agencias que siguen? (especifique por favor: a. investigación básica; b. consulta; c. investigación del contrato; d control de calidad; e. remediación ambiental; f. otro (especifique por favor) World Bank / Banco Mundial ___ Development Banks / Bancos de Desarrollo___ UNESCO___ European Union___ National Aid Agencies / Agencias Nacionales de Desarrollo___ Other (please specify) / otro (especifique por favor)____ ¿Qué opina usted como los desafíos que enfrenten a estas organizaciones? ¿Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? ¿En vinculación con estas agencias cuáles son las ventajas a la empresa química y al desarrollo económico en su país? ¿Si usted podría señalar a un factor que hizo su vinculación con estas agencias ser exitosa o no exitosa, cuál eso sería? ¿Usted o sus colegas han participado en programas de vinculación de la industria química / educación superior? ¿Usted está involucrado personalmente en la actividad? Sí___ No___ ¿Qué forma de actividad? a. investigación básica ___ b. consulta___ c. investigación del contrato ___ d. control de calidad ___ e. Remediación ambiental ___ f. otro (especifique por favor) ¿Cuáles compañías están participando en la vinculación? ¿Cuál le hizo participar en la vinculación? ¿Cómo usted se comunicó o matenia contacto mientras que progresó la vinculación? 597 ¿En su opinión cuáles son las características de una vinculación exitosa de la universidad / de la industria en su país? Qué vinculacións usted identificaría como excepcional? Si en todo posible, proporcione por favor al direccionamiento del nombre, de la posición, de la compañía, del direccionamiento, del teléfono, del fax, del email y de WWW del contacto. ¿Cuál obstaculiza o es problemático para el desarrollo de estas vinculaciones? Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? ¿Cómo piensa que vinculación entre la industria química y la universidad puede ser mejorado en su país? ¿Para las vinculaciones internacionales de la universidad / de la industria que implican el científico, el investigador, o la movilidad de estudiantes químicos a través de las fronteras nacionales, qué conocimiento, las habilidades o las capacidades son importantes para que el participante posea? ¿Otros comentarios o pensamientos en vinculación industria / universidad? Qué aspectos para del sector industrial químico usted ve como el más prometedor de la vinculación? Gracias por su ayuda. (E) ACS Questionnaire - Chemical Industry (F) Questionnaire ACS - Industrie Chimique (S) Cuestionario de la ACS - Industria Química 1) Please provide the following: Name: Position: Mailing Address: Physical Address: Telephone: Fax: Email: WWW: 1) Veuillez donner l’information suivante: Nom: Position: Adresse: Téléphone: Fax: Email: WWW: 1) Favor de proveer lo siguiente: Nombre: Dirrección Tel: Fax: Email: WWW: 2) What is the name of your company and when was your company founded? 2) Nom de compagnie et année elle a été fondée? 2) Nombre de su compañía y cuando era fundida? 598 3) What are the chemically-related products of your company? 3) Produits chimiques de votre compagnie? 3) Productos químicos de su compañia? 4) What volume of each product is produced yearly? 4) Volume de ces produits chaque année? 4) Cantidad de estos productos cada año? 5) What are the annual sales of chemically-related products for your company (most recent year in US$ equivalent)? 5) Les ventes annuelles de votre compagnie? 5) Ventas anuales de su compañia? 6) How many full-time employees? Of those employees, how many graduate chemists? Graduate chemical engineers? 6) Combien d’employés à plein temps y-a-t-il dans votre compagnie? Employés diplômés de chimie au niveau de diplôme supérieure? Employés diplômés de chimie d' ingénierie au niveau de diplôme supérieure? 6) Cuantos empleados a tiempo completo en su compañia? Empleados al nivel de posgrado en química? Empleados al nivel de posgrado en ingeneria química? 7) How does your company acquire new technology? On-site research & development___ Purchase of patents / licenses___ Merger & acquisition___ Other (please specify) ____ 7) Comment votre compagnie saisit-elle la nouvelle technologie? Recherches et de développement dans la compagnie ___ Achat des license / permis ___ Fusion & acquisition ___ Autre (indiquez s'il vous plaît) ____ 7) Cómo su compañía adquiere nueva tecnología? De la investigación y del desarrollo en sitio___ Compra de las patentes / de las licencias ___ Por la fusión y adquisición ___ Otro (especifique por favor) ____ 8) How much does your company spend yearly on research & development (In US$ equivalent)? 8) Combien votre compagnie dépense-t-elle annuellement sur la recherche et le développement (dans l'équivalent d'US$)? 8) Cuánto su compañía gasta anualmente en la investigación y el desarrollo (en equivalente de US$)? 9) In which chemically-related professional societies are you or your company active? 9) Dans lesquelles sociétés chimiques sont vous ou votre compagnie active? 9) En cuales de las sociedades químicas son usted o su compañía activa? 10) How does participation in these societies add value to the company’s activities? 10) Comment la participation à ces sociétés ajoute la valeur aux activités de votre compagnie? 10) Cómo la participación en estas sociedades agrega valor a las actividades de la compañía? 599 11) What do you see as the top three greatest challenges facing the chemical industry in your country? 11) Quels sont les trois défis principaux auxquels vous faites face dans l’industrie chimique? 11) Qué usted ve como los tres desafíos más importantes que hacen frente a la industria química en su país? 12) What annual meetings or conferences do you attend or does your company send a representative to? 12) À quelles réunions annuelles ou conférences participez-vous ou employés de votre compagnie? 12) Cuales reuniones anuales o congresos usted assiste o empleados su compañía? 13) Do you have a Responsible Care programme in your company? 13) Y-a-t-il un programme de Gestion Responsable dans votre compagnie? 13) Usted tiene un programa Responsabilidad Integral en su compañía? 14) What do you view as the top three environmental challenges facing your company? 14) A votre avis, quelles sont les trois défis environnementaux les plus importants faisant face à votre compagnie? 14) Qué opiña usted como los tres desafíos ambientales lo mas importantes que hacen frente a su compañía? 15) How can these challenges best be met? 15) À votre avis comment ces défis peuvent-ils être relevés? 15) Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? 16) Please list the top three chemical research labs in your country. With which ones do you work? (please provide address, telephone, fax, email, www information) 16) Veuillez énumérer les trois laboratoires chimiques principaux de recherches dans votre pays. Avec lesquels vous travaillez? (fournissez s'il vous plaît l'adresse, le téléphone, le fax, l'email, les informations de WWW) 16) Enumere por favor los tres principales laboratorios de investigación químicos en su país. Con cuales trabaja? (proporcione por favor la direccion, teléfono, fax, email, WWW) 17) With which government agency does your company work in your country? (Please include agency head, address, telephone, fax, email and www.) 17) Dans l'activité chimique avec lesquelles agences gouvernmentales travaillez-vous (votre compagnie)? (Fournissez s'il vous plaît l'adresse, le téléphone, le fax, l'email, les informations de WWW.) 17) En actividad química, con cuales agencias del gobierno trabaja Ud. y su compañia? (Proporcione por favor la direccion, teléfono, fax, email, WWW.) 18) For what purposes do you work with that agency? 18) Dans quels buts travaillez-vous avec cette agence? 18) Para qué propósitos usted trabaja con esa agencia? 19) What challenges do you face in working with governmental agencies? 19) Quels défis vous faites face en travaillant avec les agences gouvernementales? 19) Qué desafíos usted hace frente en el trabajo con las agencias gubernamentales? 20) How do you meet those challenges? 20) Comment relevez-vous ces défis? 20) Cómo usted resuelve esos desafíos? 21) Does your company participate in any professional scientific activities involving chemically-related industry / higher education collaboration? 600 Yes___ No___ If your answer is Yes, are you personally involved in the activity? Yes___ No___ 21) Votre compagnie participe-t-elle à des activités scientifiques professionnelles impliquant la collaboration universitaire? Oui ___ Non ___ Si votre réponse est oui, êtes-vous personnellement impliqués dans l'activité? Oui___ Non___ 21) Usted o su compania ha participado en programas de vinculación de la industria química / educación superior? Sí___ No___ Si contestó en el afirmativo, esta Ud. personalmente involucrado? Sí___ No___ 22) What type of activity is carried out in the collaboration? a. Basic Research___ b. Consulting___ c. Contract Research___ d. Quality Control___ e. Environmental Remediation or Monitoring___ f. Other (please specify) __ 22) Quel type d'activité est effectuée dans la collaboration? a. Recherche Fondamentale ___ b. Consultation ___ c. Recherches de Contrat ___ d. Contrôle de Qualité ___ e. Remédiation Environementale ___ f. Autre (indiquez laquelle s'il vous plaît) __ 22) ¿Qué forma de actividad? a. Investigación Básica ___ b. Consulta___ c. Investigación del Contrato ___ d. Control de Calidad ___ e. Remediación Ambiental ___ 601 f. Otro (especifique por favor) __ 23) What higher education institutions are participating in the collaboration? 23) Quelles corps d’enseignement superieure participent cette collaboration? 23) Cuales facultades / departmentos de ciencias quimicas participan en la vinculación? 24) What caused you, your colleagues or your department to collaborate? 24) Est-ce qu’il y avait une motivation principale pour participier cette collaboration? 24) Qué le hizo participar en la vinculación? 25) How did you communicate or stay in touch as the collaboration progressed? 25) Comment avez-vous communiqué ou êtes-vous restés en contact durant cette collaboration? 25) Cómo usted se comunicó o matenia contacto mientras que progresó la vinculación? 26) What do you feel are the characteristics of a successful university / industry collaboration in your country? Which particular university / industry collaborations would you identify as outstanding? If at all possible, please provide contact name, position, company, address, telephone, fax, email and www address. 26) Quelles sont les caractéristiques d'une collaboration réussie entre université / industrie dans votre pays? Quelles collaborations particulieres entre université et industrie identifieriez-vous comme exceptionnel? Fournissez s'il vous plaît la companie, l'adresse, le nom, la position, le téléphone, fax, et WWW de votre contact. 26) En su opinión qué son las características de una vinculación exitosa de la universidad / de la industria en su país? Qué vinculacións usted identificaría como excepcional? Si en todo posible, proporcione por favor al direccionamiento del nombre, de la posición, de la compañía, del direccionamiento, del teléfono, del fax, del email y de WWW del contacto. 27) What hinders or is problematic for development of such collaborations? How can these challenges best be met? 27) Quels sont les problémes liées au développement de telles collaborations? Comment relevez-v ous ces défis? 27) Qué obstaculiza o es problemático para el desarrollo de estas vinculaciones? Cómo pueden estos desafíos ser resueltos? 28) What, in your opinion, would improve university / industry collaborative activitity in your country? 28) À votre avis, comment peut- on améliorer la collaboration entre universités / industries dans votre pays? 28) Cómo piensa que vinculación entre la industria química y la universidad puede ser mejorado en su país? 29) For university / industry collaborations which involve scientist, researcher, or student mobility across national borders, what knowledge, skills or abilities are important for the participant to possess? 29) Pour les collaborations université / industrie de nature et scientifique, le chercheur, ou la mobilité de chercheurs et des étudiants entre pays, quelles connaissances et qualifications sont importantes? 29) Para las vinculaciones internacionales de la universidad / de la industria que implican el científico, el investigador, o la movilidad de estudiante a través de las fronteras nacionales, qué conocimiento, las habilidades o las capacidades son importantes para que el participante posea? 30) Other comments or thoughts on university / industry collaborations? What aspects of the chemical industry sector do you see as most promising for industry / university collaboration? 30) D'autres commentaires ou réflexions pensées sur les collaborations universités / industries? Quels aspects du secteur industriel chimique voyez-vous comme le plus prometteur pour ces collaborations? 602 30) Otros comentarios o pensamientos en vinculación industria / universidad? Qué aspectos para del sector industrial químico usted ve como el más prometedor de la vinculación? (E) Thank you. (F) Merci (S) Gracias 603 AMERICAN CHEMICAL FIRMS OPERATING IN LATIN AMERICA Compiled by J.N. Osborne, ACS / IAO (including food, flavorings, pharmaceutical and chemical instrumentation firms) Sources: American Firms Operating in Central America/Mexico/South America, 14th edition, 1996 (updated), published by Uniworld Business Publications, Inc., 257 Central Park West, New York, NY. ARGENTINA (48 of a total 254 US firms operating in the country) 3M Argentina SACIFIA, Los Arboles 842, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Abbott Laboratories Argentina SRL, Buenos Aires Allergan SAICyF, Buenos Aires BetzDearborn Argentina SA, Avenida del Libertador 8616, 1429 Buenos Aires Bristol-Myers Squibb Argentina, Calle Pellegrini 1365-PB, Buenos Aires Bulab Holdings Inc.: Laboratorios Buckman SA, Avenida San Isidro 4602, Piso 1, 1429 Buenos Aires Cabot Argentina SAlyC, Sarmiento 930, Piso 2, Buenos Aires Carboline Co.: Tintas Letta SAIC, Mendoza 1290, Villa Zagala 1651, PCIA de Buenos Aires Cargill SACI, Casilla de Correo 2495, 1000 Buenos Aires Clorox Argentina SA, Buenos Aires Colgate-Palmolive Ltda., SAI, Av. Antartida Argentina 2269, 1836 Llavollol, Buenos Aires Conoco: PASA Petroquimica Argentina SA, Suipacha 1111, Piso 11, Buenos Aires Datascope Corp.: InterVascular SA, Buenos Aires DeKalb Genetics: DeKalb Argentina SA, Maipu 1252, Piso 5, 1006 Buenos Aires Dow Chemical: Indoquim SA, Av. L. N. Alem 896, 1001 Buenos Aires Dow Corning de Argentina SRL, El Cano 2853, 1355 Buenos Aires E I Du Pont de Nemours & Co.: Ducilo SA, E. Madero 1020, 1106 Buenos Aires Eastman Kodak: Kodak Argentina SAIC, Casilla de Correo Central 5200, 1000 Buenos Aires Exxon: Esso SA Petrolero Argentina, Carlos Maria Della Paolera 297/299, 1001 Buenos Aires Ferro Corporation: Ferro Enamel Argentina SA, Casilla de Correo 2553, Correo Central, 1000 Buenos Aires FMC Corporation: FMC Argentina SA, Av. Madero 1020-22, 1106 Buenos Aires Minera del Altiplano SA Goodyear Tire & Rubber: Neumatricos Goodyear SA, Lavalle 341, 1047 Buenos Aires W R Grace: Grace Argentina SA, Casilla Correo 85, 1878 Quilmes, Prov. Buenos Aires International Flavors and Fragrances SACyl, Parque Industrial OKS, Einstein 824, 1619 Garin, Buenos Aires International Specialty Products: ISP Argentina Johnson & Johnson: Cilag Farmaceutica SA, Janssen Farmaceutica SA, Cassila de Correo 29, Suc. 28, 1428 Buenos Aires Johnson & Johnson de Argentina Scyl, Casilla 79, Fatima-Pilar 1629, Buenos Aires Johnson & Johnson Medical SA, Buenos Aires S C Johnson & Son de Argentina S.A.I.C., Casilla de Correo 4747, Coreo Central, 1000 Buenos Aires Eli Lilly Interamerica Inc., Av. Scalabrini Ortiz 3333, piso 5, 1425 Buenos Aires Liquid Carbonic Argentina SAIC, Av. Leandro N. Alem1110, 1001 Buenos Aires Loctite Argentina SA, Augustin de Elia 856, 1704 Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires Merck Sharpe & Dohme (Argentina)SACyl, Av. Libertador 1406/1410, Vincente Lopez, Buenos Aires Nalco Chemical Co.: Nalco Argentina SA, Av. Leandro N. Alem 712, Piso 10, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires National Starch and Chemical SA, San Isidro Oakite Products: Oakite Argentina SA, Balcarce 880- Piso 8, 1064 Buenos Aires Peavey, Co / Conagra Trading Companies: Conagra SA, Buenos Aires Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Biosystems SA, Viamonte 965, 5 Piso, 1053 Buenos Aires Perkin-Elmer Argentina, Tronador 620 (1427), Capital Federal, Argentina Pfizer SACI - Argentina Pharmacia Upjohn: Laboratorios Upjohn Anodia SAIC, Ruta NAC km 35, Florencio Varela, 1888 Buenos Aires Pioneer Hi-Bred International: Pioneer Argentina SA: Reconquista672, Buenos Aires 604 Praxair Argentina SA, Saavedra 2953, 1618 El Talar, Buenos Aires Raychem Corporation: Raychem SAIC, Carlos Pellegrini 1363, 1101 Buenos Aires Rohm and Haas Latin America Inc., Santa Fe 962, Primer Piso 1059 Buenos Aires R P Scherer Argentina SAIC, Av. Marquez 691, Villa Loma Hermose 1657, Pdo. 3 de Febrero, Buenos Aires Schering International: Plough Essex Argentina SAIC, Maipu 1300, 1006 Buenos Aires Stiefel Laboratories: Laboratorios Stiefel Argentina, Amenabar 1595, Piso 4 Of. 35/36, 1426 Buenos Aires Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide Argentina SAIC, Leandro N. Alem, piso 13, 1001 Buenos Aires Uniroyal Quimica SAIC, Av. Ing. Huergo 1439, Buenos Aires West Chemical Products Argentina SA, Belgrano 407, Piso 4, 1092 Buenos Aires BELIZE [none] BOLIVIA (6 of 41 US firms) Occidental Petroleum: Occidental Boliviana, Casilla 1296, La Paz Perkin-Elmer: Beco International Ltda., Rosendo Gutierrez 608, Piso 1, La Paz Phillips Petroleum: Phillips Petroleum, Calle Tumusia 5444, Casilla 2846, Cochabamba Praxair: Ptaxair Bolivia, Plaza Isabel la Catolica 2498, Murillo, La Paz Tesoro Petroleum: Tesoro Bolivia Petroleum Co., Casilla 2449, Carretera Cochabamba km 31/2, Santa Cruz Western Atlas International: Western Geophysical Co., Casilla de Correo 2497, Calle Colon 280, Santa Cruz BRAZIL (81 of 512 US firms) 3M: 3M, Itapetininga, Brazil 3M do Brasil Ltda., Via Anhuanguera km 110, Sumare, SP 13177-070 Abbott Laboratories: Abbott Laboratories do Brasil Ltda., Rua Nova Iorque, 245, Brooklin, São Paulo, SP 04560- 908 Acheson Colloids: Acheson do Brasil Ltda., Rua Howard A. Acheson Jr., 279 Cotia, São Paulo, SP 06700-000 Air Products: Air Products Gases Industrials Ltda., Praca Radialista Manoel de Nobrega 65, 02517 Casa Verde , São Paulo, SP Albany International Corp.: Albany Internacional Filtros e Telas Indústria Ltda., Rua Colorado, 350, Indaial, SC 89130-000 Allergan: Allergan-Lok Produtos Farmacéuticos Ltda., Av. Diederichsen, 1057, São Paulo, SP 04310-000 Allied Signal: Allied Chemical do Brasil, Av. Paulista 688, São Paulo, SP Allied Signal Aerospace Co., Rua Visconde de Piraja 430, t-andar, Ipanema, 22410 Rio de Janeiro Garrett Equipamentos Ltda., Av. Julia Gaiolli 212/250, AMP de Rod. Pres. Duzra, 097210, Guarulhos, São Paulo Robert Bossy Freios Ltda., Rua João Felipe Zavier da Silva, 384, Campinas, SP 13001-970 Amoco Chemical Co.: Rhodiaco Industrias Quimicas Ltda., Brazil Atlantic Richfield Co. : AM PM Comestivels Ltda., Praia do Flamengo 66, 22210 Rio de Janeiro Arco Chemical Co.: ARCO Quimica do Brasil / SGS do Brasil S.A. av. Vereador Alfredo das Neves 480, CEP 11095-510 Alemoa, Santos ARCO Quimica do Brasil , Av. Roque Petroni Jr., 999cj 123, São Paulo, SP 04708-000 Ashland Oil: Ashland Resinas Sinteticas Ltda., Caixa postal 1838, 13000 Campinas, SP Avery Dennison Corp.: Avery Dennison Ltda., Rodovia Vinehedo-Viracopos km 177, Vinehedo, SP 13280-000 Dennison do Brasil Commercial Ltda., Av. Eng. Alberto G. Zagotis 254, Jurubatuba, SP 04675 Baxter Healthcare Corp.: Baxter Hospitalar Ltda., Av. Interlagos 3509, CEP 04661 Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP 04661-905 BetzDearborn: Betzdearborn Brasil Ltda., Rodovia Raposo Tavares, 22.901, Granja Vianna 06700-000, Cotia - SP Bristol-Myers Squibb: Bristo-Myers Squibb Brasil SA, Rua Carlos Gomes, 924, San Amaro, São Paulo, SP 04743- 903 Bulab Holdings Inc.: Buckman Laboratorios Ltda., Caixa Postal 899, 13001-970 Campinas, SP Cabot Corp.: Cabot do Brasil Ind. E Com. Ltda. Av. Dos Eucaliptos, 88, São Paulo, SP 04517-900 Carboline Co.: Sumare Industria Quimica SA, Caixa Postal 20971, 01491 São Paulo SP Chevron Chemical Co.: Chevron do Brasil Ltda., Alameda dos Lupinas 512, Blocko B, 2o. andar, São Paulo, 01059-970 The Clorox Company: Clorox do Brasil Ltda., Av. Brigadeiro Fairo Lima 2161, 5o. andar, sala 700, São Paulo, SP 01451-001 Conoco Inc. : Conoco Quimica do Brasil Ltda. Av. Paulista 1499, 13 andar, Conj 1301, 01311 São Paulo, SP 605 Coulter Corp. : Coulter Electronics Industria e Commercio Ltda. , Estrada do Mapua 591, Taquara, Jacarepagua, 22713 Rio de Janeiro DeKalb Genetics Corp.: Braskalb Agropecuaria Brasileira Ltda., PO Box 1741 Rua Fernando Martini, CEP 13073-060, Campinas, SP Sementes Selecionadas AD Ltda. , Rodovia Assis Chateaubriand km. 85, Caixa postal 371, 14780 Barretos, SP Dow Chemical: Cloroquim SA Ind. E Com. Praca do Patriarca, Predio Conde Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP Dow Quimica SA, Rua Alexandre Dumas, 1671, São Paulo, 04717-903 SP Dow Corning Corp.: Dow Corning do Brasil Ltda., Rua Francisco Tramontano, 100. 8o.andar, São Paulo, SP 06061-970 E I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co.: Du Pont do Brasil SA, Rua de Consolação 57, 1-andar, Caixa postal 8112, São Paulo, SP Eastman Kodak: Eastman Chemical Brasileira Ltda., Rua George Eastman 213, Caixa postal 225, São Paulo, SP Kodak Brasileira CIL, Rua George Eastman 213 , São Paulo, SP 05690-900 Kodak Brasileira CIL: also in Porto Alegre, Recife, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, & San Jose dos Campos Kodak do Amazonas Ind. e Com. Ltda., Avda. Maues 1330, 69000 Amazonas Exxon Corporation: Esso Brasileira de Petroleo Ltda., Av. Presidente Wilson 118, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22020-030 Ferro Corporation: Ferro Enamel do Brasil Ind. e Com. Ltda., Av. Senador Vergueiro 2720, Rudge Ramos, 09740 Sao Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo Nutriplant ICL, Caixa postal 097, Av. Constante Pavan 1155, 13140 Paulina, São Paulo Fisher Scientific Inc.: Vidy Fabricação de Laboratórios, Rodovia Regis Bittencourt, 3360, Taboão da Serra, SP 06793-000 Florasynth Inc.: Florasynth Fragrances e Aromas Ltda. Rua Frei Fabiano 36, 20780, Engenho Novo, Rio de Janeiro FMC Corporation: CBV Industria Mecanica SA FMC Brasil Ind. E Com. Ltda. 462 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP 01404-902 FMC-Kramer SA Jetway Systems Equipamentos Aeroportarios Ltda. Foamex International: Foamex do Brasil, Rua Gilbergo Laste 110, 90850-300 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil H. B. Fuller Co.: H. B. Fuller Brasil Ltda. Av. Paulista 807, Conj. 606/607, 01311 São Paulo H.B. Fuller Brasil Ltda., Rua Professor Joaquim Silva 669, Sorocaba, Caixa Postal 777, 18000 São Paulo GAF Corporation: GAF do Brasil Industria e Comercio Ltda., Rua Majo Sertoria 212-2, andar, caixa Postal, 9693, 01222, São Paulo SP General Foods Corporation: Kibon SA, Caixa Postal 30266, São Paulo Q-Refres-Ko SA, Caixa Postal 30700, São Paulo The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.: Goodyear do Brasil Produtos de Borracha Ltda., Av. Paulista 854, 01310 São Paulo W R Grace & Co.: Grace Brasil Ltda., Av. Mofarrej, 619, São Paulo SP 05311-902 Hercules Inc.: Hercules Chemicals , Paulinia, Brazil Hercules do Brasil Produtos Quimicos, Rua Mariana Correa, 562, São Paulo, 01444-900 SP Houghton International Inc: E.F. Houghton do Brasil Ltda., Rua Alpont, 170, Maua, SP 09390-1100 Huntsman Corporation: Huntsman do Brasil Participaçoes Ltda. Av. Paulista 807, cj. 2314, 01311-000 São Paulo, SP International Flavors and Fragrances Inc.: IFF Essencias e Fragrancias Ltda., Av. Brasil 22351, Caixa postal 21670, ZC-27, Rio de Janeiro RJ : IFF Essencias e Fragrancias Ltda., Av. Cauaxi, 65, Barrueri, SP 06454-020 : IFF Essencias e Fragrancias Ltda., Taubate, São Paulo International Paint Co Inc.: Tintas Intl. SA, Caixa Postal 872, ZC-00, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Johnson & Johnson; Janssen-Cilag Farmaceutica Ltda., caixa postal 7136, CEP 01064-970, São Paulo Johnson & Johnson Professional Products Ltda., Caixa postal 5030, CEP 01061-970 São Paulo, SP Johnson & Johnson SA, Ind e Com., Rua Gerivatiba, 207, Butanta, 05501-90 São Paulo SP Koppers Co. Inc.: Koppers Importadora, Caixa Postal 13.273, 02064 São Paulo SP Eli Lilly & Company: Eli Lilly do Brasil Ltda. Av. Morumbi 8264, 04703-002 São Paulo SP Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation: Liquid Carbonic Industries SA, Av. Rio Branco 15, 13 andar, Caixa Postal 4630, 20089-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ 606 Lord Corporation: Lord Industrial Ltda., Via Anhuangera Km 63,5 Jundial, SP 13213-180 The Lubrizol Corporation: Lubrizol do Brasil Aditivos Ltda., Estrada Belford Roxo, 1375, Boa Esperanca Nova Iguacu, RJ 26110-260 Merck & Company Inc: Merck Sharp & Dohme Industria Quimica e Farmaceutica Ltda., Av. Brig Faria 1815, andar 12, Caixa Postal 8734, 01451 São Paulo SP Millipore Corporation: Millipore Ind e Com Ltda., Rua Prof. Campos de Oliveira 430, CEP 04675, São Paulo Mobil Corportion: Mobil Oil do Brasil (Industria e Comercio) Ltda., Caixa Postal 8121, CEP 01001 São Paulo SP Monsanto Company: Monsanto Co. Agricultural Group, San Jose dos Campos Monsanto Co. Chemical Group, San Jose dos Campos Monsanto do Brasil Ltda., Edificio Passarelli, Rua Paes Leme 523, Caixa postal 61535, 05424-904 Pinheiros, São Paulo Searle do Brasil Ltda., Biolab Industrial Farmaceutica SA, Departamento Cientifico, Rua Independencia, 706, 01524, Cambuci, São Paulo Nalco Chemical Company: Nalco Brasil Ltda., Av. das Naçoes Unidas 17.891, andar 11, Santo Amaro, São Paulo SP National Chemsearch Corporation: National Chemsearch Ind. e Com. Ltda., Rua Tabatinguera 278, Caixa Postal 7023, São Paulo SP National Starch & Chemical Company: National Starch & Chemical Industrial Ltda., Rua Caetano Dreke, 20, 12o. andar, Centro Blumenau, Santa Catarina 89010 Occidental Petroleum Corporation: Eriez Produtos Magneticos e Metalurgicos, Av. Ipirange 318, Bloco B, andar 5, Caixa Postal 2632, 01046 Sao Paulo SP Vulcan Material Plastico SA, Av. Rio Branco 156, andar 20, Caixa Postal 4400, ZC-21, Rio de Janeiro RJ Olin Corporation: Olin Brasil Ltda., Av. Naçoes Unidas, 11857, 12o.andar, São Paulo 04578-000 SP Osram Sylvania Chemicals Inc.: Osram Sylvania Chemicals Brasil The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Perkin-Elmer Industria e Comercio Ltda., Rua Pageu 76, CEP 04139 São Paulo SP Pfizer: Laboratorios Pfizer Ltda., Av. Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves, 1111, Guarulhos, SP 07190-916 Pharmacia Upjohn: Asgrow do Brasil Sementes Ltda., caixa Postal 1564, 13100 Campinas SP Phillips Petroleum: CCC-Companhia de Carbonos Coloidais, Rua Algibebes 6/12, andar 8, Caixa Postal 948, Salvador BA Produtos Petro-Quimicos “66” Ltda., Av. Brig. Luiz Antonio 1343, andar 5, Caixa Postal 30.818, 01317 São Paulo Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. : Pioneer Agricultura Ltda., Caixa Postal 89, 96800 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Pioneer Sementes Ltda., Br. 471, Km. 49, Santa Cruz do Sul, 96800 Rio Grande do Sul Praxair Inc: S. A. White Martins, Rua Mayrink Veiga, 9, 20090-050 Rio de Janeiro Quaker Chemical Corporation: Quaker Chemical Industria e Comercio Ltda., Av. Bernardino de Campos 98-9, São Paulo SP Quaker Chemical Participaçoes Ltda., Av. Bernardino de Campos 98-9, São Paulo SP Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Inc.: Rorer do Brasil Ltda., Sao Paulo Sydney Ross Company: The Sydney Ross Co., Av. Rio Branco 251, andar 9, Caixa Postal 1363, ZC-00, Rio de Janeiro RJ R P Scherer Corporation; R P Scherer do Brasil Encapsulaçoes Ltda., Avenida Jerome case 1277, Zona Industrial, Soracaba, 18087-370 SP Schering International: Industria Quimica e Farmaceutica Schering SA, Rua Moraes e Silva 43, Caixa Postal 540, ZC-00, Rio de Janeiro RJ Spartan Chemical Company: Spartan do Brasil Produtos Quimicos Ltda., Rua Fernao Pompeo de Camargo, 1704, Campinas SP 13036-321 Stiefel Laboratories; Laboratorios Stiefel Ltda., Av. Narain Singh 400, Bonnsucesso, Guarulhos SP 07250-000 Tenneco Inc: J. I. Case do Brasil & Cia., Avda. Jerome Case 1951, 18100 Sorocaba, São Paulo SP Texaco Inc: Texaco Brazil SA, Rua Dom Gerardo 64, Caixa Postal 520, Rio de Janeiro RJ Thetford Corporation: Thetford do Brasil, Av. Samuel Aisemberg 399, 09700 Sao Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo SP Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide do Brasil Ltda., Rua Dr. Eduardo de Souza Aranha, 153, Sao Paulo, SP 04543-904 Union Oil International DIV: Unionoil Exploração de Petrolea Ltda., Praia do Flamengo 200, Rio de Janeiro RJ 607 Uniroyal Inc.: United States Rubber Intl., do Brasil Ltda., Rua Dona Veridiana 158, Caixa Postal 8041, São Paulo SP Warner-Lambert Company: Warner-Lambert Industria e Comercio Ltda., Rua Estrela d’Oeste, 701, Guarulhos, SP 07140-902 Waters Corporation: Waters Associates Brasil Westvaco Corporation: Rigesa Ltda., Rua 13 de Maio 755, 13270 Valinhos SP Witco Corporation: Witco do Brasil Ltda., Rua Verbp Divino, 1661, cjto. 64, São Paulo SP 04719-002 CHILE (32 of 187 companies) BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn de Chile Ltda. , Avda La Travesia 6967, Parque Industrial Inverterra, Pudahuel, Santiago Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Bristol-Myers Squibb Chile, Avenida Balmaceda 2174, Santiago The Clorox Company: Clorox Chile SA, Santiago The Dow Chemical Company: Dow Quimica Chilena SA, Suecia 281, Casilla 14590, Providencia, Santiago Eastman Kodak Company: Kodak Chilena SAF, Alonso Ovalle 1180, Casilla 2797, Santiago LOOK, Eleodoro Yanez 1804, Santiago Muebles Andes, Rura 68 No. 6910, Casilla 547, Santiago Nueva Vision, Hermando de Aguirre 939, Casilla 9727, Santiago Exxon Corporation: Compania Minera Disputada de las Condes SA, Pedro de Valdivia 291, Santiago 9 FMC Corporation: Minera FMC Ltda. , Chile H B Fuller: H B Fuller Chile SA, Camino lo Espejo 1350, Casilla 50160-B, Correo Central, Maipu-Santiago The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company: Goodyear de Chile SAIC, casilla 3607, Santiago W R Grace & Company: Grace Quimica Cia. Ltd., Lago Rinihue, 02220 Lo Espejo, Santiago Hercules Inc: Hercules Chemicals Ltd., La Calera, Chile International Flavors and Fragrances Inc: International Flavors and Fragrances (Chile), Santiago Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson de Chile SA, Clasificador 1333, Correo Central, Santiago S C Johnson & Son Inc.: Quimica S.C. Johnson & Son Chilena S.A.C.I., Amerigo Vespucio Sur 3942, Las Condes, Santiago Koppers Inc.: Koppers Hickson (Chile) Ltd., Santiago The Lubrizol Corporation: Lubrizol de Chile Ltda., Chile Mobil Corporation: COPEC Mobil Ltda., Correo Central 2060, Santiago Nalco Chemical Company: Nalco Productos Quimicos de Chile SA, Casilla 16477, Santiago 9 National Starch and Chemical Company: National Starch and Chemical SA, Santiago The Perkin-Elmer Corporation; Weisser Analitica Ltda., 2001 Jose Domingo Canas, Santaigo 9 Pfizer: Roerig SA, Chile Pharmacia Upjohn: Upjohn Compania Ltda., Casilla 42-D, Correo central, Santiago Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.: Semillas Pioneer Chile Ltda., Las Bellotas 199, Santiago PraxairInc: Praxair Chile SA, Juana Weber 4725 Santiago Rohm and Haas Co.: Rohm and Haas Chile Ltd., Casilla 131, Correo 35, Santiago Sydney Ross Company: Sydney Ross Co. y Cia. Ltda., Casilla 163-D, Santiago Stiefel Laboratories Inc: Laboratorios Stiefel de Chile & Cia. Ltda. Eleodoro Flores 2371, Ñuñua, Santiago Union Camp Corporation: Union Camp Chile SA, Chile Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide Inter-America Inc., Av. Aponguindo 3076, Ofic. 701, Casilla 16706, Correo 9, Santiago Union Oil International Div: Moly Corp. Inc. Minera Union Oil Chile Ltda., Avda. Providencia 1072, Tore A, Dento 1203, Santiago Warner-Lambert Company: Empresas Warner-Lambert SA, casilla 191-D, Santiago Waters Corporation: Waters Associates, Santiago COLOMBIA (37 of 171 companies) Baxter Healthcare Corporation: Laboratorios Baxter SA, Aptdo. Aereo 2446, Cali BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn Colombia SA, Calle 20 N. 68D54, Santa Fe de Bogota, D. C. Colombia Bristol-Myers Squibb: Bristol Farmaceutica SA, Calle 34, No. 603, Bogota D.E. Colgate-Palmolive Corporation: Colgate-Palmolive Cia., Carrera 1, No. 40-108 Cali 608 Core Laboratories: Core Laboratories, Aptdo. Aereo 80347, Bogota The Dow Chemical Company: Dow Colombiana SA, Manonal, Aptdo. Aereo 1651, Cartagena Dow Quimica de Colombia SA, Calle 37 No. 8-47, Bogota Dow Quimica de Colombia SA, Carrera 56 No. 50-40, Aptdo. Aereo 3715, Medellin Dow Corning Corporation: Dow Corning Latin America Ltd., Aptdo. Aereo 91079, Bogota 8 E I du Pont de Nemours & Company: DuPont de Colombia SA, Via 40 No. 85-85, Aptdo. Aereo 1386, Barranquilla Eastman Kodak Company: Kodak Colombian Ltda., Aptdo. Aereo 3919, Avda. El Dorado 78A-93, Bogota Endo Laboratories Inc.: Endo Pan American Corp. Aptdo. Aereo 29674, Bogota Exxon Corporation: International Colombia Resources Corp., Edit. Teusaca, Carrera 7 No. 37-69, Bogota 1 Florasynth Inc.: Florasynth Ltda., Calle 39 Bis B 28-22, Bogota The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company: Goodyear de Colombia SA, Aptdo. Aereo 8020, Cali International Flavors and Fragrances Inc.: International Flavora and Fragrances (Colombia) Bogota Johnson & Johnson: Janssen-Cilag Farmaceutica SA, Aptdo. Aereo 047303, Bogota Johnson & Johnson de Colombia SA, Aptdo. Aereo 6530, Cali Johnson & Johnson Medical Colombia SA, Bogota S C Johnson & Son Inc.: S. C. Johnson & Son Colombiana SA, Calle 93, No 11-28, 3rd floor, Santa Fe de Bogota D.C. Eli Lilly & Company: Eli Lilly Interamerica Inc. Carrrera 4N, No. 64N-30, Cali Merck & Company Inc: Laboratorios Merck, Sharp & Dohme Quimica de Colombia SA, Calle 3 No. 6-38, Piso 6, Bogota Mobil Corporation: Codi-Mobil, Aptdo. Aereo 052973, Zona 2, Bogota Nalco Chemical Company: Quimica Nalco de Colombia SA, Aptdo. Areao 92219, Bogota Occidental Petroleum Corporation: Occidental de Colombia Inc., Calle 79 No 8-70, Bogota The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Perkin-Elmer de Colombia SA, Calle 93B, No. 17-25, Of. 401, Santa Fe de Colombia Pfizer: Pfizer SA, Colombia Pharmacia Upjohn: Compania Upjohn SA, Calle 37 No. 8-47, Bogota Phillips Petroleum Company: Phillips Petroleum, Carrera 13 No. 26-49, Piso 12, Cali Phillips Petroleum Ventas SA, Carrera 13, No 26-45, Cali Phillips Petroquimica SA, Calle 11, No 3-58, Cali Phillips Quimica Ventas Colombia SA, Calle 11 No 3-58, Cali Praxair: Oxigenos de Colombia Efese SA, Carreta 19A , no. 16-36/26, Santa Fe de Colombia Proctor & Gamble Pharmaceuticals: Norwich Colombiana, D. E. Transversaal 42B 19-77, Aptdo. Aereo 13902, Bogota Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc.: Rorer SA, Bogota A H Robins Co. Inc. : A. H. Robins Intl SA, carrera 27 No. 8-46a 8-70, Bogota Instituto Medico Tecnico Sanicol SA, Carrera 27 No 8-46 a 8-70, Bogota Rohm and Haas: Rohm and Haas Colombia SA, Calle 72 No 12-65, Bogota Stepan Company: Stepan Colombiana de Quimicos Ltda., Avda. 7 Norte No. 24A-113, Santa Monica Norte, Cali Stiefel Laboratories Inc.: Laboratorios Stiefel Colombia SA, Carrera 12 No. 98-39, int. 201, Aptdo. Aereo 91492, Bogota Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide InterAmerica [locations n Barranquilla, Cali and Medellin] Union Carbide InterAmerica, Carrera 13 No 26-45, Piso 11, Aptdo. Aereo 48054, Bogota Uniroyal Inc.: Uniroyal Croydon SA, Carrera del Sur No 61-51, Aptdo. Aereo 14509, Aratado Nacional 4980, Bogota Warner-Lambert Company: Chicle Adams SA, Calle 62 No. 1N-80, Cali Parke-Davis & Co.edif. Colpatria, Calle 72 No 8-56, Piso 6, Bogota Waters Corporation: Waters Associates, [Colombia] Witco Corporation: Witco Colombia Ltda., Aptdo. Aereo 3559, Calle 18A, No 33-15, Santa Fe de Bogota COSTA RICA (14 of 85 companies) Baxter Healthcare Corporation; Baxter SA, Aptdo. Postal 1-7052, Parque Industrial, Cartago, CR Bristol-Myers Squibb: Bristol-Myers Squibb Costa Rica, Aptdo. Postal 10269, 1000 San Jose ConvaTec-Costa Rica, San Jose The Clorox Company: American Sanitary Co SA, San Jose Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive (Costa Rica) SA, Calles 26-28, Avenida 3 Bis., San Jose 609 The Dow Chemical Company: Dow Quimica de Centro America SA, Aptdo. 10207, San Jose Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson de Costa Rica SA, Aptdo. Postal 72-4005, San Antonio de Belen, Heredia CR S C Johnson & Son Inc.: S. C. Johnson de Centroamerica SA, Aptdo. 4971, 1000 San Jose Merck & Company Inc: Merck Sharp & Dohme (IA) Corp., Aptdo. 10135, San Jose The Perkin-Elmer Company: Analitica de Centro America SA, Aptdo Postal 5535-1000 CR Pfizer Inc.: Deknatel SA, Costa Rica Phillips Petroleum Company: Productos Plasticos SA, Aptdo. 271, San Jose Rohm and Haas Company: Rohm and Haas Centro America SA (ROHACA), Oficentro Ejecutivo La Sabana, Edificio 2, Primer Piso, Sabana Sur, San Jose Texaco Inc: Texaco Caribbean Inc. , Aptdo. 10090, San Jose Union Carbide Corporation; Union Carbide Inter-America Inc., Aptdo. 4364-1000, Edificio Yolanda, San Jose ECUADOR (18 of 93 companies) BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn de Ecuador SA, Calle Luiz de Gongora, Casa No. 0152, Cjidaleda Oscus, Ambato Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company-Ecuador, Mecano 3ER Piso, Guayaquil Bristol-Myers Squibb Company-Ecuador, Juan Diguja, No. 198 Yvos Andes, Esquina, Quito Dow Chemical Company: Dow Chemical International, Circunvalacion calle 6a., Urdesa, Casilla 6560, Guayaquil LIFE (Laboratorios Industriales Farmaceuticos Ecuatorianos), V.M. Rendon 408, Casilla 3783, Guayaquil LIFE (Laboratorios Industriales Farmaceuticos Ecuatorianos), Edif. LIFE, Avda. Zumaco y de la Prensa, Casilla 458, Quito Ferro Corporation: Ferro Ecuadoriana SA, Casilla 1188, Cuenca, Ecuador Florasynth Inc.: Florasintesis Fragrancias y Aromas Ltda., Juan salinas 731 y Caracas, Quito H B Fuller Company: H B Fuller Ecuador SA, Casilla 7441, Guayaquil Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson del Ecuador SA, Casilla 09-01-7206, Guayaquil S C Johnson & Son Inc.: S C Johnson & Son (Ecuador) SA, PO Box 09-01-874, Guayaquil Merck & Company: Merck, Sharp & Dohme Intl., Carretera al Tingo, Guayaquil Nalco Chemical Company: Nalquimica del Ecuador SA,Casilla 4918 CCI, Quito The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Distecnica, Av. Los Shyris 1094, Quito Pfizer Inc.; Pfizer SA, Ecuador Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc.: Rorer de Ecuador SA, Guayaquil Sydney Ross Company: Agencias de Sydney Ross Co., casilla 990, Guayaquil Sydney Ross Co., 9 de Octubre 1503, Casilla 990, Guayaquil Winthrop Products Inc., 9 de Octubre 1503, Casilla 3738, Guayaquil Texaco Inc.: Lubricantes y Tambores del Ecuador CA (LYTECA), End of Anda. Mons. Domingo Comin, Casilla 6071, Guayaquil Texaco Petroleum Co., Edif. Perez Guerrero, Calle Jorge Washington 715, Esq. De Amazona, casilla 1006, Quito Union Carbide Corporation: UCAR Polimeros y Quimicos CA SA de CV, Casilla 09-01-5322, Guayaquil Warner-Lambert Company: Producto Adams, Casilla 2200, Quito Witco Corporation: Witco Ecuador SA, Autopista Manual Cordova Galarza, Km. 10.5, Apartado Postal 1703557, Quito EL SALVADOR (6 of 44 companies) Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Compania Bristol-Myers de Centro America, Colonia Roma, Boulevard Venezuela, Edif. Industria, San Salvador Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive (Central America) Inc., Km. 9.5, Carretera Al Puerto La Libertad, San Salvador The Dow Chemical Company: Laboratorios Life de El Salvador SA, san Salvador H B Fuller Company: H B Fuller El Salvador, Aptdo. 2967, San Salvador Rhone-Poulenc Rorer inc.: Rorer de Centro America SA de CV, San Salvador 610 Texaco Inc.: Texaco El Salvador, San Salvador GUATEMALA (16 of 75 companies) Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Compania Bristol-Myers de Centro America, Boulevard Liberacion 5-55,, Zona 9, Guatemala City Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive ( Central America) Inc., Avda. Del Ferrocarrill 49-65,, Zona 12, Guatemala City The Dow Chemical Company: Dow Quimica de Guatemala Ltda., Guatemala City FMC Corporation: FMC Guatemla SA, Guatemala City H B Fuller Company: Kativo de Guatemala SA, Aptdo. 2061, Guatemala City The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company: Gran Industrial de Neumaticos Centroamericana SA, Aptdo. 1946, 50 Calle 23-70, Zona 12, Guatemala City 01012 Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson Guatemala SA, Aptdo. 2067, Guatemala City Koppers Co. Inc.: Impregnadora de Madera de Guatemala SA, 8a Calle 2-31, Zona 1, Guatemala City The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Analitica Quimica (ANAQUI), Carretera Roosevelt Km 15, Zona 2 de Mixco, Local 22, Guatemala Pharmacia Upjohn: Compania Farmaceutica Upjohn SA, Aptdo. 991, Guatemala City Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc.: Rorer de Centro America, Guatemala City A H Robins Co. Inc.: Industrial Santa Agape SA, Guatemala City Texaco Inc.: Texaco Guatemala Inc., Avda. Petapa 23-01, Zona 12, Guatemala City Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide Guatemala, Guatemala City Warner-Lambert Company: Laboratorios Laprofa SA, Aptdo. 582, Guatemala City West Chemical Products Inc.: West Chemical Products de Guatemala, 3a Calle 10-25, Zona 12, Guatemala City GUYANA (2 of 8 companies) Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-palmolive (Guyana) Ltd., R.1 Ruimfeldt, Georgetown Texaco Inc.: Texaco West Indies Inc., 45 Main Street, Georgetown HONDURAS (5 of 42 companies) Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Compania Bristol-Myers Squibb de Centro America, Colonia John F. Kennedy, Tegucigalpa Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive inc., Dos Cuadros al Norte de Granitos y Terrazas Contiguo Honduprint, Tegucigalpa H B Fuller Company: H B Fuller Co., Kativo de Honduras,Aptdo. 193, San Pedro Sula, Honduras H B Fuller Co., Kativo de Honduras, Aptdo. 454, Tegucigalpa The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Analihsa, Tegucigalpa Rohm and Haas Company: Rocasa Honduras, Aptdo. 1854, San Pedro Sula, Honduras MEXICO (95 of 671 companies) Air Products and Chemicals Inc: Cryoinfra SA de CV, Felix Guzman 16, Col. El Parque, 53390 Naucalpan, Mexico DF ASARCO Inc.: Enthone-Omi Inc., Mexico City Mexico Desarrollo industrial Minero SA de CV, Canaea & La Caritad, Mexico Ashland Oil Inc.: Ashland de Mexico SA de CV, Apartado postal 5-294, Col. Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico DF Avery Dennison Corporation: Dennison de Mexico SA de CV, Sto. Esteban 88, Z. P. 16 Mexico DF Fasson de Mexico SA, Avda. Circunvalacion Pte. 53-F, Naucalpan de Juarez J T Baker Inc.: J T Baker SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 75595, Col. Lindavista, Deleg. Gustavo A. Madero, 07300 Mexico DF Baxter Healthcare Corporation: Antonio J. Bermudez, Apartado Postal 1706-D, Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua Baxter SA de CV, Apartado Postal 13-279, Mexico 13 Df Cirmax de Chihuahua SA de CV, Parque Industrial las Americas, Proj. Av. de las Americas, Chihuahua Cirpro de Delicias SA de CV, Apartado Postal 715, Delicias, Chihuahua Convertos de Mexico SA de CV, Apartado Postal 1519, Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua 611 Productos Urologos de Mexico SA de CV, Saturno 90, Mexicali, Baja California 21210 Quiro Productos de Cuauhtemoc SA de CV, Parque Cuauhtemoc, Carr. Anahuac K-3, Cd. Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua Beckman Instruments Inc.: Beckman Instruments de Mexico SA de CV, Angel Urrazza 1119, Colonia del Valle, AP 44-100, 03100 Mexico DF. Becton Dickinson and Company: Becton Dickinson Mexico, Monte Pelvous 111, 11000 Mexico DF BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn de Mexico SA de CV, Ave. de las Fuentes, 41-A Piso 1, Tecamachaico, Estado de mexico, CP 53950 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Bristol-Myers Squibb-Mexico City Regional Office, Calzada de Tlapan 2996, Colonia Santa Ursula Coapa, Mexico ConvaTec Mexico - Bristol-Myers de Mexico SA de CV, Poniente 150 N 764, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Mexico Mead Johnson de Mexico SA de CV, Calzada de Tlapan 2996, Colonia Santa Ursula Coapa, Mexico Bulab Holdings Inc.: Buckman laboratories SA de CV, Paseo Cuauhnahuac Km. 13.5, Jiutepec, Morelos, 62550 Cuernavaca Chevron Chemical Company: Aditivos Mexicanos SA, Carretera Mexico Cuautitlan Km. 19.5, Aptdo. Postal 259, Tlalnepantla, Edo de Mexico, Mexico Chiron Corporation: Ciba Corning Diagnostics de Mexico SA de CV, Av. Periferico Sur 6677, Col. Ejidos de Tepepan, Xochimilco 16018, Mexico Clorox Company: Clorox de Mexico SA de CV, Mexico City Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive SA, Presa La Angosture 225, 11500 Mexico DF Conagra Inc.: ConAgra Inc., Mexico Core Laboratories: Rotenco SA de CV, Paseo de la Reforma 295, Col. Cuauhtemoc, 06500, Mexico DF Coulter Corporation: Coulter de Mexico SA de CV, Av. Popocatapetl 396, Esq. Palomar, Deleg. Benito Juarez, 03340 Mexico DF Dorr-Oliver Inc. : Dorr-Oliver de Mexico SA, Cuauhtemoc 1338, Col. Sta. Cruz Atoyac, de. Benito Juarez, 03310 Mexico DF The Dow Chemical Company: Dow Quimica de Mexicana SA de CV, paseo de las Palmas 555-1, Mexico DF Dow Quimica de Mexicana SA de CV, Planta Filiberto Gomez 46, Tlalneplantla, Mexico DF Laboratorios Lepetit de Mexico SA de CV, Carr. Cuernavaca a Cuautla, Civac, Morelos, Mexico Terminales Maritimas SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 168, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico Dow Corning Corporation: Dow Corning de Mexico SA de CV, Paseo de las Palmas 751, Mexico DF Du Bois Chemical: Du Bois Quimica SA de CV, mar de Baffin No. 6, Col. Tacuba del M. Hidalgo, CP 11400, Mexico DF E I du Pont de Nemours & Co. Inc.: Du Pont SA de CV, Mexico DF Eastman Chemical: Eastman Chemical, Cosoleacaque, Mexico Eastman Kodak Company: Industria Fotografica Interamericana SA de CV, Partado Postal 31-44, Guadalajara 5, Jalisco Industria Mexican de Fotocopiadoras SA de CV, Tijuana, Mexico Kodak Mexicana SA de CV, calzada de Tlalpan 2980, Admon de Correos 68M, 04851 Mexico DF Elanco Products Company: Elanco Mexicana SA de CV, Calz. De Tlalpan 2034, Mexico DF Endo Laboratories Inc.: Laboratorios Endo de Mexico SA, Amores 1734, Mexico DF Felton International Inc.: Felton Chemical Compania de Mexico SA, Poniente 128 # 561, Industrial Vallejo, Mexico DF Ferro Corporation: Metquim SA de CV, Km. 12.5, Carr.Celaya-Salamanca, Municipio de Villagran, Edo. de Guanjuato Quimica Colfer SA de CV, Oriente 171 #450, Col.Prol.Aragon-Inguaran, Deleg. G.A. Madero, 07490 Mexico DF Florasynth: Florasynth SA de CV, Apartado Postal 158, Cuautitlan de Romero Rubio, 54800 Estado de Mexico, MX FMC Coporation: EMD SA de CV, Mexico Electro Quimica Mexicana SA de CV, Mexico 612 Fabricacion Maquinaria y Ceras SA de CV, Mexico FMC Agroquimica de Mexico, Mexico FMC de Mexico SA de CV, Arquimeded 130, Piso 7, Colonia Polanco, 11560 Mexico DF FMC Ingredientes Alimenticos, Mexico Minera FMC SA de CV, Mexico Foamex International: Foamex de Mexico, (TEFSA), Calz. Azcapotzlaco La Villa 846, Col. Industrial Vallejo, 02300 Mexico DF Fries and Fries Inc.: Fries International de Mexico SA, Chiacago 162, Mexico DF H B Fuller Company: H B Fuller Mexico SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 450, Ensenada, Baja California H B Fuller Mexico SA de CV, Calzada Vallejo 1023, Mexico DF GAF Corporation: GAF Corp. de Mexico SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal M-9474, Calle Lopez 15-403/4, 06050 Mexico DF The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company: Compania Hulera Goodyear-Oxo SA de CV, varsavia 44, Piso 9, Mexico 6 DF W R Grace & Company: Grace de Mexico SA de CV, Av. de la Fuentes 41-A, Tecvhamachalco, 53950 Edo. de Mexico, Mexico Great Western Chemical Company; Great Western de Mexico SA de CV, Periferico Sur 85865-A, Colonia El Mante, 45090 Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, mexico Griffith Laboratories: Laboratorios Griffith de Mexico SA, Aptdo. Postal 1832, Monterrey, NL, Mexico Hercules Inc.: Hercules Chemicals: Locations in San Juan del Rio and Uruapan, Mexico Quimica Hercules SA de CV, Saltillo 19, 1er Piso, Col. Condesa / D. Miguel Hidalgo, 06140 Mexico DF Houghton International Inc.: Especialidades Quimicas Monterrey SA, Aptdo. Postal 1230, 64000 Monterrey, NL, Mexico Huntsman Corporation: Huntsman de Mexico SA de CV, Angel Urrazza 303, Col. Insurguentes San Borja, 03100 Mexico DF International Flavors and Fragrances Inc.: International Flavors and Fragrances SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal M-7663 Mexico DF International Specialty Products: ISP, Mexico Jeunique International Inc.: Jeunique International Mexico SA de CV, Av. La Patria 290, Jardines de la patria, 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico Johnson & Johnson: Cilag de Mexico SA de CV, Mexico DF Jansen Farmaceutica SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 20-759, Col. San Angel, Deleg. Alvaro Obregon, 01000 Mexico DF Johnson & Johnson de Mexico SA, Aptdo. Postal 74062, 09081 Mexico DF Johnson & Johnson Medical Mexico SA de CV, Mexico DF S C Johnson & Son Inc.: Ceras Johnson SA de CV, Arquimedes No. 15, Col. Bosques Chapultepec, Mexico DF Kraft Inc: Kraft Foods de Mexico SA de CV, Pino 459, Mexico DF Eli Lilly and Company: Eli Lilly y Cia. SA de CV, Galzade de Tlalpan 2024, Campestre Churubusco, Coyoacan, Aptdo. Postal 864, 04200 Mexico DF Eli Lilly y Cia. SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 864, Mexico DF Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation: Liquid Carbonic de Mexico SA, Apartado 9590, Admon. 1, Mexico City Loctite Corporation: Loctite Company de Mexico SA de CV, Bosques de Radiatas 18, pisos 3 y 4, Bosques de las Lomas, 1700 Mexico DF Lord Corporation: Hughson Quimicade Mexico, Aptdo. Postal M-9123, 06000 Mexico The Lubrizol Corporation: Industrias Lubrizol SA de CV, Mexico Lubrizol de Mexico S de RL, Mexico Lubrizil Servicios Tecnicos S de RL, Av. Paseo de la Reforma 381-601, 06500 Mexico DF Mallinckrodt Inc: Mallinckrodt Medical SA de CV, Ixtapalepa, Mexico McKesson Corporation: Nadro SA de CV, Mexico Merck and Company Inc.: Merck, Sharp and Dohme de Mexico SA de CV, Av. Division del Norte 3377, Mexico DF Millipore Corporation, Analytical Product Division: Millipore SA, Av. Iingenieros Militares 85-PB, 11230 Mexico DF Mobil Corporation: Mobil Atlas SA, 146 Poniente 700, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Mexico DF Mobil Oil de Mexico, Aptdo. Postal 22, Centro de la Ciudad, Cuauhtemoc ZPI, 0600 Mexico DF Monsanto Company: Monsanto Comercaial SA de CV, Avanida de cerrillo No. 17, Parque Industrial, El Cerrillo, 5200 Lerma, Edo Mexico 613 Searle de Mexico SA de CV, Calzado de HuesoNo. 859, Ex-Had de Coapa, 14300 Mexico DF Coapa Monticello Drug Company: Monticello Drug Co SA, Joyas 16 Esq. Amatista 54, Col. Estrella, Mexico DF Morton International Inc.: Morton Intl SA de CV, Av. 16 de Septiembre 445, Naucalpan de Juarez, Edo. de Mexico Nalco Chemical Company: Nalcomex SA de CV, Tlaxcala 177-5 piso, Col. Hipodromo, 06100 Mexico National Chemsearch Corporation: Laboratorios Certificados SA, Henry Ford 163, Col. Guadalupe Tepeyace, Mexico DF National Starch and Chemical Company: Aranal Comercial SA de CV, Mexico City National Starch & Chemical de Mexico SA de CV, Mexico City Oakite Products Inc.: Chemetall Mexicana, Av. Roble 300, Edif. Torrealta 1105, Col. Valle del Compestre, Gaeza garcia, NL, Mexico Olin Corporation: Olin Quimica SA de CV, Campos Eiseos 385, Torre A, Piso 9, Col. Polanco, Deleg. Miguel Hidalgo, 11560 Mexico DF Petrolite Corporation: Petrolite de Mexico SA de CV, Mercurio 126,, Fracc. Galaxia, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico Pharmacia Upjohn: Asgrow SA de CV, Bravoy Septima, Matamoros, Tamps., Mexico Upjohn SA de CV, Calz. de Tlalpan 2962, Mexico DF Phillips Petroleum Corporation: Negromex SA, Bosques de los Ciruelos 180, Mexico DF Phillips Quimica SA de CV, Bosques de Duraznos 69, Mexico DF Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.: Hibridos Mexicanos SA de CV, Avda. Americas 1297, Sector Hidalgo, Guadalajara, Jalisco Investigaciones Pioneer SA de CV, Avda. Americas 1297, Sector Hidalgo, Guadalajara, Jalisco PPG Industries: PPG Industries de Mexico SA, Av. Presidente Juarez, 1978, 54090 Tlanepantla, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico Praxair Inc.: Nitropet SA, Boulevard Manuel Avila Camacho 32, Col. Lomas de Chapultepec, 11000 Mexico DF Praxair Mexico SA de CV, Boulevard Manuel Avila Camacho 32, Col. Lomas de Chapultepec, 11000 Mexico DF Quaker Chemical Corporation: TecniQuimia Mexicana SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 4425, Suc. De Correos “H”, Monterrey, NL, Mexico Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc.: Rorer de Mexico SA de CV, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1991, Mexico DF A H Robins Co. Inc.: A H Robins de Mexico SA de CV, Cuautitlan, Mexico Rohm and Haas Company: Rohm and Haas Mexico SA de CV, Insurgentes Sur 1106, 10 Piso, 03720 Mexico DF Sydney Ross Company: Sydney Ross SA, Agencia de Correos 291, Mexico DF Schenectady International Inc.: Schenectady Mexico SA de CV, Col. Aragon, Deleg. Gustavo A. Madero, Patdo. Postal 118-014, 07000 Mexico DF A Schulman Inc. [manfr. plastic resins]: A. Schulman, Bosques de Duraznas, 65 # 401B, 11700 Bosques de las Lomas, Mexico DF A Schulman, Camino del Lago, 4517, Sector 4, Colonia Cortijo del Rio, 64890 Monterrey, NL, Mexico G D Searle & Company: Searle de Mexico SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 1848, 06000 Mexico DF SPI Pharmaceuticals Inc.: ICN Farmaceutica / ICN Grossman SA, Cal. De Tlanpan 2021, 04040 Mexico DF Stepan Company: Stepan Mexico, Avda. Uniones, Zona Industrial, Matamoros, Mexico Stiefel Laboratories Inc.: Stiefel Mexico SA de CV, Eje Norte, Sur No. 11, Nuevo Parque Industrial, 76808 San Juan del Rio, Querétaro, Mexico Superior Graphite Company: Grafito Superior SA, Blvd. Rodriguez y Veracruz, Edificio Isabel, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico Tracor Inc.: Tracor Littlefuse SA de CV, Xicotencatl 306 Sur, Piedras Negras, Coahilla, Mexico Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide Mexicana, Chemicals and Plastics, Caragoca South 1300, Apt. 204, Monterrey, NL, Mexico Uniroyal Inc.: Uniroyal SA, Queretaro, Que., Mexico Uniroyal SA, Lago Aullagas 60, Mexico DF United Catalysts Inc.: Quimica Somex SA de CV, Aptdo. Postal 19-201, 03910 Mexico DF Varian Associates Inc.: Varian SA, Liverpool 96, Col. Juarez, 06600 Mexico DF Vulcan Materials Company: Vulcan Materials Co., all mail to POB 531207, Birmingham AL 35253 Warner-Jenkinson Co Inc.: Warner-Jenkinson Mexico, Av. Lomas Verdes 791, piso 1, Col. Jardines de Satelite, CP 53000 Naucalpan, Mexico Warner-Lambert Company: Cia. Medicinal la Campana SA, Av. Division del Norte 3443, 04620 Mexico DF The West Chemical Company: West de Mexico SA, Pultarco-Elias Calles 27, Mexico DF 614 Witco Corporation: Argus Quimica Mexicana SA, Paseo de Guadelupe 410, 8 Cuautitlan, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico Wynn Oil Company: Wynn’s Friction Proofing Mexico SA de CV, Municipio Libre 114-A, Colonia Portales, 03300 Mexico DF NICARAGUA (5 of 23 companies) Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Bristol-Myers Squibb-Nicaragua, Edificio Puschendorf Km 6 ½, Carretera Sur Managua Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive Inc., Km 11.5 Carretera Nueva a Leon, Managua Cotton States Chemical Company: Cotton States Chemical SA, Managua H B Fuller Company: Kativo de Nicaragua SA, Aptdo., Postal 2135, Managua Texaco Inc.: Texaco Caribbean Inc., Km. 3 Carretera Sur, Aptdo. Postal 647, Managua PANAMA (12 of 85 companies) Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Compania Bristol-Myers- Panama Plant, Free Trade Zone, Apartado 1174, Zona Libres de Col, Panama Compania Brristol-Myers de Centro America, Calle Eusegio A. Morales, Edificio Marinela, Panama Carboline Company: Sun Chemical de Panama SA, Apartado 6-896, El Dorado The Clorox Company: Clorox de Panama SA, Panama City Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive (West indies) Inc., Apartado 64998, El Dorado, Panama City 6 The Dow Chemical Company: Coral Navigation Co. Inc., Panama Eastman Kodak Company: Kodak Panama Ltd., PO Box 7333, Via Israel 96, Panama City 5 Griffith Laboratories Inc.: Laboratorios Panama SA, Apartado 1391, Panama City 9A Johnson & Johnson : Ethicon del Istmo SA, PO Box 64576, El Dorado, Panama City Johnson & Johnson Central America Area, PO Box 10569, Panama City 4 Kraft Inc.: Kraft Foods SA, Apartado 6-2596, El Dorado, Panama Kraft Foods SA, Urbanizacion Industrial San Cristobal, Calle Harry Eno, Los Angeles, Panama City Pfizer Inc.: Harmag Inc., Panama Howmedica Intl. Inc, Panama Pfizer Corp., Panama Pfizer Holding Corp., Panama Pfizer International Corp., Panama Pharmacia Upjohn: Upjohn Co. SA, Apartado 536, Colon, Panama Texaco Inc.: Texaco Antilles Ltd., Transisthmian Hwy., Panama City PARAGUAY (3 of 28 companies) CPC International: Maizena SA, Teniente Cusmanich 947, Las mercedes, Asuncion The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: GH Consult SRL, Manuel Blinder 5651, Asuncion Praxair Inc.: Praxair Paraguay SRL, Ruta Mariscal Estigarribia, esquina Defensores del Chaco, 2300 Fernando de la Mora, Asuncion PERU (28 of 118 companies) Asarco Inc.: Corporacion Minera Nor Peru SA, Peru Southern Peru Copper Corp., Peru BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn del Peru SA, Camino Real 1801 A*2, Parque Industrial San Pedrito Surco, Lima Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company - Peru, Avenida Republica de Panama 4575, Lima 35 Carboline Company: Quimica Industrial SA, Aptdo. Postal 2831, Lima 100 The Clorox Company: Clorox del Peru SA, Lima Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate Palmolive Peru SA, Jr. Chinchon 944, Piso 4, San Isidro, Lima 27 The Dow Chemical Company: Productos Quimicos Peruanos, Paseo de la Republica 3074, OF.701, San Isidro, Lima 27 (Casilla 1840, Lima 100) Eastman Kodak Company: Foto Interamericana del Peru Ltda., Casilla 2557, Lima 100 H B Fuller Company: H B Fuller Peru SA, Apartado 3079, Lima The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company: Compania Goodyear del Peru SA, Av. Republica de Panama 3055, piso 12, San Isidro, Lima 27 615 J M Huber Corporation: Huber del Peru SA, Av. mariscal Benavides 1225, Apartado 3744, Lima Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson del Peru SA, Lima Eli Lilly & Company: Eli Lilly Interamerica Inc., Las Begonias 441, piso 11, San Isidro, Lima 27 Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation: Av. Venezuela 2597, Bellavista, Callao, Arartado 4057, Lima Merck & Company Inc.: Laboratorios Prosalud SA, Urbanizacion Limatambo, Lima Merck, Sharp & Dohme SA, Av. Republica de Panama 3852, Surquillo, Apartado 1231, Lima Mobil Corporation: Mobil Oil del Peru (Compania Comercial) SA, Apartado 1272, Lima 100 Occidental Petroleum Corporation: Occidental Petroleum Corporation of Peru, Los Nardos 1018, San Isidro, Lima 27 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation; Cientifica Andina SA, Av. 2 de Mayo, No. 276, Miraflores, Lima 18 Pfizer Inc.: Corporacion Farmaceutica SA (COFASA), Peru Pharmacia Upjohn; Upjohn Inter-American Corp., natalio Sanchez 220-1202, Apartado 4825, Lima Phillips Petroleum Company: Phillips Petrochemical Sales Inc., Las Magnolias 791, San Isidro, Apartado 2876, Lima Praxair Inc.: Praxair Peru SA, Avanida Venezuela 2597, Bella Vista, Callao, Lima Rohm and Haas Company: Rohm and Haas Peru, Richard O. Custer SA, Av. Bolivar 2100, Pueblo Libre, Casilla 681, Lima Sydney Ross Company: Sydney Ross SA, Av. Republica de Panama 4825, Surquillo, Apartado 1454, Lima Schering International: Schering Corp. del Peru SA, Augusto Tamayo 154, San Isidro, Apartado 2130, Lima Texaco Inc.: Texas Petroleum Co., Apartado 2906, San Isidro, Lima Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide Inter-America Inc., Av. la Paz 1417, Miraflores 18, Peru Warner-Lambert Company: Laboratorios Promaceo SA, Apartado 3527, Lima Labs Indufarma SA, Apartado 800, Lima SURINAME (0 of 5 companies) URUGUAY (11 of 61 companies) BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn de Uruguay SA, Zabala 1327 of 40 ½, Montevideo 592-5050 The Clorox Company: Clorox Uruguay SA, Montevideo Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive Inc., Camino Colman 5360, Casilla de Correo 828, 12400 Montevideo Conagra Inc.: ConAgra Inc., Montevideo Eastman Kodak Company: Kodak Uruguaya Ltd., Casilla de Correo 806, Calle Yi 1532, Montevideo FMC Corporation: Lanfor Investments SA, Montevideo Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson de Uruguay SA, Casilla de Correo 273, Montevideo S C Johnson & Son Inc.: S C Johnson & Son (Uruguay) Ltd., Rio Negro 1394 apart. 502, c. p . (11100) Montevideo (?) The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Metec, O. Valiente 4815, 11300 Montevideo Praxair: Praxair Uruguay SA, Cno. Tomas Tomkinson 1468, 2600 paso de la Arena, Montevideo Texaco: Texaco Uruguay SA, Casilla de Correo 723, Calle Solis 1480, Montevideo VENEZUELA (53 of 257 companies) J T Baker Inc.: J T Baker Inc., Apartado 61160, Caracas 1060 Baxter Healthcare Corporation: Baxter de Venezuela CA, Apartado de Correos 68739, Caracas 1062-A BetzDearborn: BetzDearborn Venezuela CA, Zona Industrial Municipal, Norte, Avda Este-Oeste 4, Parcela 120 Valencia, Estato de Carabobo, Venezuela Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company de Venezuela SA, Torre Sucre, Piso II, Avenida Sucre, Caracas ConvaTec-Venezuela, Caracas Carboline Company: Carboline de Venezuela, Calle Lecuna 12, Boleita Sur, Caracas The Clorox Company: Corporacion Clorox de Venezuela, Caracas Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate-Palmolive CA, Av. Dugo Cisneros, Edif. Centro Colgate, Terre Norte, Caracas 1071 Core Laboratories: Core Laboratories, Calle 25, Carretera Via El Mojan, Parcelamiento Buena Vista, Apartado 116, Maracaibo, Venezuela Coulter Corporation: Coulter Electronics SA, Avda. Rafael Seijas, Quinta 1, San Bernardino, Caracas 1011 616 The Dexter Corporation: Midland Dexter of Venezuela SA (Midevensa), Apartado 75005, Caracas 1070-A The Dow Chemical Company: Dow Quimica de Venezuela CA, Edif. Citibank, Caracas Dow Corning Corporation: Dow Corning, Apartado 70458, Caracas 1071A Dow Corning, Calle Neuva York, Edif. Feran, Ofic. 32, Piso 3, Las Mercedes-Caracas 1060 E I du Pont de Nemours & Company: Du Pont de Venezuela CA, Edif. La Estancia, Ciudad Comercial Tamanaco, Caracas Eastman Kodak Company: Kodak Venezuela SA, Av. La Guairita la Trinidad, Apartado 80658, Caracas 1080-A Felton International Inc.: Felton International, Apartado 66190, Caracas 1061A Ferro Corporation: Ferro de Venezuela CA, Apartado 304, Valencia 2001A, Edo. Carabobo, Venezuela FMC Corporation: FMC Wellhead de Venezuela, Caracas Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company: Compania Anonima Goodyear de Venezuela, Apartado 186, Edo. Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela W R Grace & Company: Grace Venezuela SA, Apartado 61136, Chacao, Caracas 1060 J M Huber Corporation: J M Huber de Venezuela CA, Calle 3, Urb. Industrial, Carapa, Caracas Huntsman Corporation: Huntsman Corporation CA, Centro Comercial y Profesional El Camoruco, Piso 14, Oficina 01, Avenue Bolivar Norte, Valencia Edo. Carabobo, Venezuela International Flavors and Fragrances Inc.: International Flavors and Fragrances de Venezuela SA, Apartado 70268, Caracas 1071A International Specialty Products: ISP, Caracas Johnson & Johnson: Janssen-Cilag Farmaceutica CA, Caracas Johnson & Johnson de Venezuela SA, Caracas Johnson & Johnson Medical de Venezuela, Caracas S C Johnson & Son Inc.: S C Johnson & Son de Venezuela CA, Apartado 70.041, Caracas 1071-A Kraft Inc.: Alimentos Kraft de Venezuela CA, Apartado 450, Valencia, Venezuela Eli Lilly & Company: Eli Lilly y Compania de Venezuela SA, Edificio Torre Uno, Piso 3, Urb. Las Mercedes, Caracas Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation: Liquid Carbonic Venezolana SA, Edif. Cenro Empres’l Parque del Este, Av. F. de Miranda, Sec. La Carlota, Caracas Loctite Corporation: Loctite de Venezuela CA, Apartado 206, Caracas 1010-A The Lubrizol Corporation: CA Lubricantes Quimicos LQ, Caracas Lubrizol de Venezuela CA, Caracas Merck & Company, Inc: Merck, Sharp & Dohme de Venezuela CA, Edif. Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Av. Principal de los Ruices, Los Dos Caminos, Caracas Mobil Corporation: Mobil de Desarollo CA, Edif. Sucre, La Floresta, Caracas 106 Mobil Oil Co. de Venezuela, Apartado 60167, Caracas 106 Monsanto Company: Searle de Venezuela CA, Apartado 75.737, Caracas 1070 Nalco Chemical Company: Nalco de Venezuela CA, Apartado 62176, Chacao, Caracas National Chemsearch Corporation: National Chemsearch SA, Quinta Maria, Este 10 bis 74, El Conde, Caracas National Starch and Chemical Company: National Starch and Chemical CA, Caracas Occidental Petroleum Corporation: Occidental de Hidrocarburos Inc., Centro Plaza, Av. Francisco Miranda, Torre A, Los Palos, Grandes, Caracas 1206 Plasticos y Derivados CA (PLAYDECA), Final Calle Faez, Baruta, Edo. Miranda, Caracas 1060A Olin Corporation: Olin Quimica SA, Edif. Galipan, Piso 2, Entr. C, Av. Francisco Miranda, Apartado 3781, Caracas The Perkin-Elmer Corporation: Corporacion Cientifica Venezolana, Av. Libertador c/c Negrin, Centro Comercial Av. Libertador, Piso 1, Oficina 1-2, Caracas 1050 Pfizer Inc.: Laboratorios Pfizer de Venezuela SA, Caracas Pfizer Bioquimicos SA, Caracas Pfizer SA, Caracas Pharmacia Upjohn: Laboratorios Upjohn CA, Edif. Ofinca, Calle Los Laboratorios, Los Ruices, Caracas Phillips Petroleum Company: CA Venezolana Internacional de Productos Quimicos, Apartado del Este 5522, Caracas Venezoil CA, Apartado 1031, Caracas Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.: Hibreven Hibridos Venezolanos CA, Con Calle Tamanco, Estado, Aragua, Venezuela PPG Industries: Inveca-Pittsburgh CA, Calle A, Jrb. Industrial Tejerias, Argua, Venezuela 617 VFG-Sudamtex CA, Av. 3, Zona Industrial Los Montanes, Estado Anzoategul, Barcelona, Venezuela Praxair Inc.: Praxair Venezuela SA, Avenida Francisco de Miranda, Centro Empresarial Parque del Este, Piso 3, Sector La Carlota, Caracas Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals: Norwich de Venezuela, Av. Romulo Gallegos 402, 40 Piso B, Urb. Dos caminos, Caracas 118 Quaker Chemical Corporation: Kelko Quaker Chemical SA, Av. F. de Miranda, Edif. Parque Cristal p.7, Torre Este, Los Palos Grandes, Caracas 1060A A H Robins Co. Inc: Laboratorios Ergos SA, 2 Transversal 8, Urb. Buena Vista, Apartado del Este 60590, Caracas G D Searle & Company: Searle de Venezuela CA, Zona Industrial del Este, Manzana M, Urb. Maturin, Maturin Guarenas, Edo. de Miranda Stiefel Laboratories Inc: Laboratorios Stiefel de Venezuela SA, Urban. Industrial Guayabal, Edif. Ind. Andrade Pools, piso 3, Guarenas, Edo Miranda Union Carbide Corporation: Union Carbide Comercial CA, Apartado 60552, Caracas 1060A Warner-Lambert Company: Laboratorios Substancia CA, Apartado 5828, Caracas 1010A Waters Corporation: Waters Associates, Caracas 618 DIRECTORY OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY FACULTIES IN AMÉRICA LATINA source: www.paho.org ARGENTINA Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dr. Alberto Boveris Decano Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires Junín 956 1113 Capital Federal Buenos Aires, Argentina Teléfono: (54-1) 964-8223 Facsímil: (54-1) 964-8240 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dr. Edgardo Saavedra Decano Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia San Juan Bosco Juan Martinez 475 Km. 3 9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Pcia de Chubut, Argentina Teléfono/fax: (54-97) 55-0339 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dr. Pablo Fernández Decano Universidad Católica de Córdoba Obispo Trejo 323 5000 Córdoba, Pcia de Córdoba, Argentina Teléfono : (54-51) 24-1302 Facsímil: (54-51) 94-0696 Facultad de Agroindustrias Carrera de Farmacia Ing. María Alicia Judis Decana Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Comandante Fernández 755 3700 Roque Saenz Peña, Pcia de Chaco, Argentina Facsímil: (54-732) 20-137 619 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dr. Rodolfo Bravo Decano Universidad Nacional de La Plata Calle 47 y 115 1900 La Plata, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Teléfono: (54-21) 226-977 / 79 / 81 Fascímil: (54-21 226-947 Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dr. Héctor Mazzel Decano Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza" Av. Acceso Este y Arredondo 5119 Coronel Dorrego, Mendoza, Pcia de Mendoza, Argentina Teléfono: (54-61) 317-088 / 317-036 Facsímil : (54-61) 317-088 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales Ing. Estanislao Juan Petrila Decano Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional de Misiones Félix de Azara 1554 3300 Posadas, Pcia de Misiones, Argentina Teléfono: (54-752) 221-86 / 274-98 Facsímil: (54-752) 254-14 Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Dra. María Monica Elsa Elías Decana Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario, Pcia de Santa Fe, Argentina Teléfono: (54-41) 301-392 Facsímil: (54-41) 389-100 620 Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia Dr. Alberto F. PuchmullerDecano Universidad Nacional de San Luís Ejército de los Andes 950 5700 San Luís, Pcia de San Luis, Argentina Teléfono : (54-652) 22-644 Facsímil: (54-652) 22-644 Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dr. Leopoldo A. Sales Decano Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Ayacucho 491 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Pcia de Tucumán, Argentina Teléfono: (54-81) 24-7752 Facsímil: (54-81) 24-8025 Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas Carrera de Bioquímica Dr. Eduardo Villareal Decano Universidad Nacional del Litoral Paraje El Pozo s/n° (3000), C.C. 530 Pcia de Santa Fé, Argentina Teléfono : (54-42) 51-0347 / int. 53 Facsímil: (54-42) 51-0142 / int. 53 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Dr. Carlos P. de Pauli Decano Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria Dr. Ruben H. ManzoDirector de Farmacia Casilla de Correo 61 - Suc. 16 5000 Córdoba, Pcia de Cordoba, Argentina Teléfono: (54-51) 68-2956 / 68-3288 Facsímil: (54-51) 69-4724 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] 621 Título: Farmacéutico, bioquímico y licenciado en química Años de la carrera: 5 años Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura Lic. Maria Silvia Aguirre Decana Carrera de Bioquímica Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 9 de Julio 1449 3400 Corrientes, Pcia de Corrientes, Argentina Teléfono: (54-783) 24-149 Facsímil: (54-783) 23-968 Departamento de Biología Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Ing. Norma María GiustoDecana Universidad Nacional del Sur San Juan 670 (8800) Bahía Blanca, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Teléfono : (54-91) 30-024 / 28-034 Facsímil: (54-91) 55-205 BOLIVIA Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas Dr. Walter Ayala Decano Universidad Mayor de San Simón Avenida Aniceto Arce 371 Casilla 992 Cochabamba, Bolivia Teléfono : (591-2) 49-747 / 32-979 Facsímil: (591-2) 31-511 Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas Dr. Osvaldo Trigo Federiksen Decano 622 Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Casilla 20606 Av. Saavedra 2224 La Paz, Bolivia Teléfono: (591-2) 359-591 / 359-595 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Carrera de Farmacia y Bioquímica Dra. Delfina de Magariños Decana Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuguisaca Casilla 233-328 Calle Dalence 51 Sucre, Bolivia Teléfono: (591-64) 22-504 Facsímil: (591-64) 32-205 Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Lic. Nelson Villegas Rojas Universidad Gabriel René Moreno Casilla 702 Av. 26 de Febrero de Centenario Santa Cruz, Bolivia Teléfono: (591-3) 343-802 Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia Sr. Rolando Urjel Dalence Universidad Evangélica Boliviana Casilla 4027 Santa Cruz, Bolivia Teléfono: (591-3) 528-578 / 348-540 Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia Dr. Hugo Cuellar Landivar Universidad Cristiana de Bolivia Campus Universitario Km5 Carretaral Norte Av. Banzer Casilla 3449 Santa Cruz, Bolivia 623 Teléfono : (591-3) 420-472 / 422-355 / 426-311 Facsímil: (591-3) 422-356 Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia Dr. Germán Paredes Universidad Juan Misael Saracho Casilla 51 Tarija, Bolivia Teléfono: (591) 43-114 Facsímil: (591) 23-403 BRASIL Amazonas Bahia Ceará Espirito Santo Goiás Maranhão Mato Grosso do Sul Minas Gerais Pará Paraíba Paraná Pernambuco Rio de Janeiro Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do Sul Santa Catarina São Paulo Seleccione un Estado / Select a State Amazonas Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Curso de Farmácia e Odontologia 624 Prof. Sebastiâo Ferreira Marinho Coordenador Universidade do Amazonas Rua Alexandre Amorim, 330 Bairro Aparecida 69010 - Manaus, AM, Brasil Teléfono: (55-92) 232-2241 / 232-6504 Bahia Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA Profª. María de Nazareth Vianna Diretora Rua Barão de Geremuabo, s/n° Campus Universitário de Ondina 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brasil Teléfono: (55-71) 247-4910 / 237-4505 Facsímil: (55-71) 247-4910 / 235-8115 Ceará Centro de Ciências da Saúde Curso de Farmácia Prof. Antonio Melquíades Dos Santos Chefe do Depto de farmácia do C.C.S. Universidade Federal do Ceará Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210 Bairro Rodolfo Teófilo Caixa Postal 688 60430-370 - Fortaleza, CE, Brasil Teléfono: (55-85) 243-7142 Espíritu Santo Curso de Farmácia Facultade de Farmácia e Bioquímica Profª. Dra. Magali Demoner Bermon Directora do Espírito Santo Av. Cleto Nunes, 433 - Centro 29020-040 - Vitoria, ES, Brasil 625 Teléfono: (55-27) 223-5893 / 223-4344 Goiás Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Goiás UFGO Prof. José Issy Filho Diretor Praça Universitária s/n° - Campus Samambaia Caixa Postal 315 74605-220 Goiânia, GO, Brasil Teléfono: (55-62) 261-6214 / 261-6699 Maranháo Centro de Ciências da Saúde Curso de Farmácia Profª. Rita N. A. Bacelar PalhanoCoordenadora Universidade Federal do Maranhão Rua 13 de Maio, 506 - Centro 65060-760 São Luís, MA, Brasil Teléfono : (55-98) 232-6371 / 222-4144 Mato Grosso do Sul Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Prof. Paulo R. Aidamos de Oliveira BastosCoordenador Departamento de Farmácia e Bioquímica Curso de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Cidade Universitária -Caixa Postal, 649 79070-900 - Campo Grande, MS, Brasil Teléfono: (55-67) 387-3311 ramal 380 Minais Gerais Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG Prof. Tarcisio de Campos Ribeiro Director Profª. Maria de Lourdes de AlencarCoordenadora Geral do Curso Av. Olegário Maciel, 2360 Caixa Postal 689 30180-112 - Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil Teléfono : (55-31) 337-9553 / 337-8688 626 Facsímile: (55-31) 337-9076 Escola de Farmácia e Odontologia Profª. Fatima Souza de Alfenas Coordenadora Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714 Centro/Caixa Postal 221 37130-000 - Alfenas, MG, Brasil Teléfono: (55-35) 292-1717 Fascímil: (55-35) 292-1722 Faculdade de Farmácia e Bioquímica Profª. Terezinha Teixeira Alves Vice-Diretora Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, UFJF Campus Universitário, Bairro Martelos Rua Benjamin Constant 790 36100 - Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil Teléfono: (55-32) 212-5122 Escola de Farmácia Profª. Maria Elizabeth S. Cotti Diretora Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP Rua Costa Sena, 171 35400-000 - Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil Teléfono : (55-31) 551-1177 Pará Centro de Ciências da Saúde Curso de Farmácia Profª. Terezinha de Jesus Silva Pires Coordenadora Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA Campus Universitário - Guamá 66075-900 - Belém, PA, Brasil Teléfono: (55-91) 229-2088 ramal 202 / 203 Paraíba Centro de Ciências da Saúde Prof. Givaldo Manoel De Oliveira Coordenaçao Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UFPB Campus Universitário, CCS 1 Rua Duque de Caxias 81 627 58059-900 - João Pessoa, PB, Brasil Teléfono: (55-83) 224-7200 ramal 2342 / 224-7201 ramal 2347 Facsímil: (55-83) 225-1901 Telex: (55-83) 2187 Facultade de Farmácia e Biología Fundação Universidade Regional do Nordeste Profª. Rossana Miranda C.C. Pessoa Coordenadora Campus Universitãrio - Bodocongo 58458-000 - Campina Grande, PB, Brasil Teléfono: (55-83) 321-0099 Paraná Setor de Ciências da Saúde Curso de Farmácia Profª. Eliane Rose SerpiCoordenadora Universidade Federal do Paraná Curso de Farmacia Rua Coronel Dulcídio, 638 Caixa Posta 888 80420-170 - Curitiba, PR, Brasil Teléfono: (55-41) 223-7691 Facsímile: (55-41) 264-2243 Centro de Ciências da Saúde Curso do Farmácia e Bioquímica Prof. Aercio Herminio Pinheiro Coordenador Fundaçao Universidade Estadual de Londrina Campus Universitário Rua Pernambuco, 520 - Centro Caixa Postal 0001 86020-070 - Londrina, PR, Brasil Teléfono : (55-432) 27-5151 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Curso de Farmácia e Bioquímica Prof. Valmir Desanti Coordenador Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa Praça Santos de Andrade s/n° 628 Caixa Postal 992 84010-790 - Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil Teléfono: (55-422) 24-3966 ramais: 163/165 Fascímil: (55-422) 224-0294 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Prof. Francisco HerreroCoordenador Curso de Farmácia e Bioquímica Fundação Universidade Estadual de Maringá Av. Colombo, 3690 Campus Universitário - Bloco 08 Zona Sete 87030-120 - Maringá, PR, Brasil Telefone: (55-44) 226- 2727 Fascímil: (55-44) 222-2754 Pernambuco Centro de Ciências da Saúde Profª. Maria Celia Dornelias Leao Coordenadora Departamento de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Pernambuco Cidade Universitária Caixa Postal 1140 Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n° 50740-520 - Recife, PE, Brasil Teléfono: (55-81) 271-1028 Fascímil: (55-81) 271-8511 Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Farmácia Profª. Alice Pereira Mttos Diretora Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ Bloco "K" - 2° andar - Sala 50 Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão 22295-900 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Teléfono : (55-21) 270-6612 / 280-5522, ramal 221 629 Faculdade de Farmácia Prof. Néliton VenturaDirector Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF Rua Dr. Mario Viana, 523 Santa Rosa 24241-000 - Niteroi, RJ, Brasil Teléfono: (55-21) 711-1012 Rio Grande do Norte Centro de Ciências da Saúde Prof. Francisco Nunes de Souza Coordenador Curso de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN Rua Gal. Cordeiro de Farias, s/n° Petrópolis 59072-970 - Natal, RN, Brasil Telefone: (55-84) 231-1266 / 221-3610 Fascímil: (55-84) 231-4467 Rio Grande do Sul Facultade de Farmácia Prof. Paulo Jaconi Saraiva Diretor Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande do Sul Avenida Ipiranga, 2752 Caixa Postal 1945 90610-000 - Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil Teléfono: (55-51) 228-1633 (UFRS)PABX /330-5500 (FFUFRS) Facsímil: (55-51) 330-5610 Centro de Ciências da Saúde Prof. Antonio Roberto Fontoura Coordenador Curso de Farmácia e Bioquímica Universidade Federal de Santa María - UFSM Cidade Universitária Campus "José Mariano da Rocha Filho" Caixa Postal 248 97119-900 - Santa Maria, RS, Brasil Teléfono : (55-55) 226-1616 ramal 2247 Fascímil: (55-55) 226-1975 Telex: (55-55) 2230 630 Escola de Farmácia e Bioquímica Profª. Maria Regina Soares LopesDiretora Universidade Católica de Pelotas Rua Félix da Cunha, 412 Caixa Postal 402 96010-000 - Pelotas, RS, Brasil Teléfono: (55-532) 22-1555 ramal 279 Facsímil: (55-532) 25-3105 Telex: (55-532) 454 Santa Catarina Curso de Graduação em Farmácia Profª Rosane Maria Budala Chefe do CIF/CCS/UFSC Centro de Ciências da Saúde Departamento de Ciências da Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Campus Universitári0, Bairro Trindade 88040-900 - Florianópolis, SC, Brasil Teléfono: (55-482) 33-1000 Sao Paulo Curso de Farmácia Profª. Maria Apparecida Pourchet CampusDiretora Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Bioquímicas "Oswaldo Cruz" Rua Brigadeiro Galvao, 535/564 01151-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-11) 825-4266 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Drª. Maria Inês Rocha M. Santoro Diretora Universidade de São Paulo - USP Cidade Universitária "Armando Salles de Oliveira" Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580 Bloco 15 Caixa Postal 30786 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-11) 211-8986 / 210-2122 ramal 409 Facsímil: (55-11) 815-3575 Curso de de Farmácia e Bioquímica da Prof. Durval Mazzei Nogueira Diretor Facultade "Camilo Castelo Branco"< br> Rua Carolina Fonseca,584 Vila Santana 08230-030 - Itaquera, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-11) 205-0099 ramal 222 631 Curso de Farmacia e Bioquímica Prof. Jamil Zamur Coordenador Universidade Paulista Objetivo - UNIP Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - ICS Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212 Mirandópolis 04026 -002 - São Paulo, SP, Brasil Teléfono : (55-11) 578-6455 ramal 116 Facsímil: (55-11) 275 1541 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Dr. Francisco M. Belda Neto de Araraquara Diretor Dra. Maria José Soares Mendes Vice Diretora Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP Rua Expedicionario do Brasil, 1621 Caixa Postal 331 04801-360 - Araraquara, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-162) 32-1576 / 32-0444 Curso de Farmácia e Bioquímica Prof. Silvio Alves de Aguiar Director Profª Miriam de Magalhaes Oliveira Coordenadora do Curso Faculdade de Ciências de Biolgia de Araras Fundação Herminio Ometto Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, s/n° Jardim Universitário 13600-000 - Araras, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-195) 41-1411 Facsímil: (55-195) 41-1674 Curso de Farmácia e Bioquímica Profª. Irma Marisabel Leite Coordenadora Universidade do Sagrado Coração Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50 Caixa Postal 511 17044-160 - Bauru, SP, Brasil Telefone: (55-142) 232-311 Facsímil : (55-142) 344-763 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Prof. Dr. José A. Garcia Sanches Diretor Universidade Sáo Francisco Av. Sân Francisco de Assis, 218 12900-000 - Bragança Paulista, SP, Brasil 632 Teléfono: (55-11) 433-1500, ramal 239 Facsímil : (55-11) 433-1825 Telex: 117-9949 IFANBR Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Prof. Luiz M. Pinto Diretor Profª. Maria Eugenia Cavalhais Coordenadora Curso de Ciências Farmacêuticas Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Campinas - PUCCAMP Av. John Boyd Dunlop, Km 2 Campus II Jardim Ipaussurama Caixa Postal 317 13059-740 - Campinas, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-192) 474-999 ramal 365 Fascímil: (55-192) 528-477 Telex: 191-806 Curso de Farmácia Prof. Manoel Roberto da Cruz Coordenador Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba Campus Taquaral Rodovia do Açúcar, Km 156 Caixa Postal 68 13422-040 - Piracicaba, SP,Brasil Teléfono: (55-194) 33-5022 Curso de Farmácia Prof. Joâo Carlos Grigoli Diretor Faculdade de Farmácia e Bioquímica de Presidente Prudente Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE Rua Jose Bongiovani, 700 Cidade Universitária 19050-680 - Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-182) 225-666 Fascímil : (55-182) 210-200 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Profª. Zuleika Rothschild da Ribeirão Preto Diretora Universidade de Sao Paulo Campus Monte Alegre Via do café s/n° Cidade Universitária 14040-903 - Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-16) 633-3066 ramal 421 / 633-3086 Facsímile: (55-16) 633-1092 633 Centro de Saúde Prof. Carlos Eduardo Martinelli Diretor Curso de Farmácia e Odontologia Universidade de Ribeirâo Preto - UNAERP Av. Costábile Romano, 2201 Caixa Postal 90 14096-380 - Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-16) 624-6300 ramal 26 Curso de Farmácia Prof. Cesar Augusto Bochi Coordenador Universidade de Marília - UNIMAR Campus I - Av. Higyno Mussi Filho, 1001 Campus Universitário 17525-000 - Marília, SP, Brasil Teléfono: (55-144) 338-088 Fascímil: (55-144) 338-961 Curso de Farmacia e Bioquímica Prof. Paulo Angelo Lorandi Coordenador Universidade Católica de Santos Rua Euclides da Cunha, 247 11065-101 - Santos, SP, Brasil Teléfono: 55-132 373-435 CHILE Facultad de Farmacia Dr. Q.F. Aldo Rodríguez E. Decano Universidad de Concepción Ciudad Universitaria-Campus, Casilla 237 Concepción, Chile Teléfono : (56-41) 204-208, Ext. 2208 / 234-985 Facsímil: (56-41) 231-903 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Título: Químico farmacéutico, bioquímico, nutricionista Años de la carrera: 5 años y medio Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas Dr. Hugo Zunino Venegas Decano Universidad de Chile Sra. Prof. Rosa Negrete Director, Escuela Química y Farmacia Vicuña MacKenna 20 Casilla 233 Santiago de Chile, Chile Teléfono: (56-2) 222-8428 / 222-7518 Facsímil: (56-2) 222-7310 Correo Electrónico: II.ciq.uchile.cl 634 Título : Químico farmacéutico, Bioquímico, Químico e Ingeniero en alimentos Años de la carrera: 6 años. Facultad de Química - Departamento de Farmacia Dr. Fernando Díaz Alzamora Decano Sr. Prof. Guillermo González>Jefe Dep. de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vicuña Mackenna 4868 Casilla 306, Correo 22 Santiago de Chile, Chile Teléfono: (56-2) 552-2375, Ext. 4377 y 4071 Facsímil: (56-2) 552-5692 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Título: Químico farmacéutico, Licenciado en Química y Farmacia Duración de la carrera: 10 semestres Requisitos especiales: Prácticas pregrado: 2 meses Internado hospital: 1 semestre (último) Tesis de grado: 1-2 años Facultad de Medicina Dr. David Sabah Jaime Decano Escuela de Química y Farmacia Dra. Patricia Acuña Johnson Directora Universidad de Valparaíso Hontaneda 2653. Casilla 92-V Valparaíso, Chile Teléfono: (56-32) 252-354 Facsímil: (56-32) 259-798 Título : Químico farmacéutico Duración de la carrera : 5 años y medio Requisitos especiales: Habilitación profesional de 6 meses, tiene 2 modalidades: Tesis de grado ó o internado Escuela de Química y Farmacia Dr. Humberto Dolz Vargas >Director Facultad de Ciencias Dr. Eduardo Quiróz Reyes Decano Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja 567, Valdivia, Chile Teléfono: (56-63) 221-630 / 221-631 Facsímile : (56-63) 212-594 Título: Químico farmacéutico Duración de la carrera: 5 años lectivos Requisitos especiales: Practicas profesionales de 6 meses. Tesis de grado: hasta 1 año, ó Internado hospital: 1 semestre COLOMBIA 635 Facultad de Química y Farmacia Dr. Ricardo Camargo de Fex Decano Universidad del Atlántico Carrera 43 No. 50-53 Apartado Aéreo 6382 Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia Teléfono: (57-58) 324-750 / 310-665 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas Dra. Myriam Betancourt B. Decana Universidad de Cartagena Campus de Zaragocilla Apartado Aéreo No 1661 Cartagena, Colombia Teléfono: (57-53) 698-179 / 698-180 / 698-278 Facsímil: (57-53) 698-323 Facultad de Química y Farmacia Dra. Piedad R. de Rojas Decana Universidad de Antioquia Apartado Aéreo 1226 Medellín, Colombia Teléfono: (57-94) 210-5450 / 263-001 Ext. 5450 Facsímil: (57-94) 210-5456 Facultad de Ciencias Dr. Miguel Feoli Bonilla Departamento de FarmaciaDirector Universidad Nacional de Colombia Apartado Aéreo 14490 Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia Teléfono: (57-1) 269-8310 Facsímil: (57-1) 222-5181 COSTA RICA Facultad de Farmacia Dra. Lidiett Fonseca González Decana Universidad de Costa Rica Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio San José, Costa Rica Teléfono: (506) 225-3574 / 207-5706 / 207-5406 Facsímil: (506) 225-0286 / 207-4694 636 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Título: Licenciatura Años de la carrera : 5 años y medio Requisitos especiales: Hay tres opciones: 1) Presentación de una tesis de grado; 2) Realización de un internado: en farmacia, clínica-hospitalaria y en farmacia industrial; 3) proyecto de graduación CUBA Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos Lic. Oscar Ros López Director Universidad de La Habana Ave. 23 No. 21425 e/214 y 222, La Coronela La Lisa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba Teléfono : (53-7) 216-286 / 217-167 Facsímil: (53-7) 336 811 Correo Electrónico: simifalffarm.uh.cu. Título : Licenciado en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Licenciado en Alimentos Años de la carrera: 5 años Requisitos especiales: Defensa de tesis de diploma (se realiza en el noveno y décimo semestre de la carrera) ECUADOR Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Dr. Luis Enrique Tonón Peña Decano Escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia Dra. Graciela Cheres V. Directora Universidad Estatal de Cuenca Av. 12 de Abril s/n° Ciudadela Universitaria Casilla 0101-1809 Cuenca, Ecuador Teléfono: (593-7) 831-688, Ext. 235/241 Facsímil: (593-7) 835-197 / 881-308 Título: Título profesional de Doctor en Bioquímica y Farmacia Años de la carrera : 6 años Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Dr. Walter Herrera Argudo Decano Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil Ciudadela Universitaria Casilla Postal: 4754 ó 471 Guayaquil, Ecuador 637 Teléfono : (593-4) 293-680 / 433-348 Facsímil: (593-4) 293-680 Título: Título Académico previa tesis de Investigación: Doctor en Química y Farmacia Años de carrera: 6 años Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Dr. Marcelo Dávalos Herrera Decano Escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia Dra. Blanca Estela Bravo R. Directora Universidad Central del Ecuador Ciudadela Universitaria Dirección Postal CP 14-56 Quito, Ecuador Teléfono: (593-2) 230-050 / 235-860 Facsímil: (593-2) 501-207 Título : Título Profesional: Bioquímico Farmacéutico, Bioquímico Clínico, Bioquímico Alimentos. Título Académico previa tesis de investigación: Doctor en Bioquímica y Farmacia Años de la carrera: 6 años Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Dr. Rodrigo Vintimilla C. Decano Escuela de Bioqímica y Farmacia Dra. Luz Matilde Aguilar Feijo Directora Universidad Técnica de Machala Ciudadela Universitaria José Madero Casilla Postal: 07-01-989 Machala, Ecuador Teléfono : (593-7) 930-733 Facsímil: (593-7) 935-697 Título: Título Profesional: Bioquímica y Farmacia. Título Académico, previa tesis de investigación: Doctor en Bioquímica y Farmacia Años de la carrera: 6 años EL SALVADOR Facultad Química y Farmacia Dra. Kenny Luz Sosa Decana Universidad de El Salvador Ciudad Universitaria Calle A San Antonio Abad y 25 Av. Norte San Salvador, El Salvador 638 Teléfono/fax: (503) 225-4967 Facultad Química, Farmacia-Biología Lic. Socorro I. de Owen Decana Universidad Salvadoreña "Alberto Masferrer" Alameda Juan Pablo II Entre 3a C.P. y 19a Av. Norte San Salvador, El Salvador Teléfono: (503) 271-4601 Facsímil: (503) 222-8006 Facultad de Química y Farmacia Dr. Carlos Rolando Velásquez Decano Universidad Nueva San Salvador Calle Arce y 23 Av. Sur No. 1243 San Salvador, El Salvador Teléfono : (503) 212-288 Facsímil: (503) 212-729 GUATEMALA Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Lic. Jorge Rodolfo Pérez Decano Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio T 12, Zona 12 Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala Teléfono: (502 2) 761-540 Facsímil : (502 2) 769-808 Correo Electrónico: usacqyfuvalle.edu.gt Título: Químico, Biólogo, Químico Biólogo, Químico Farmacéutico y Nutricionista en el grado Licenciatura Años de la carrera: 5 años (6 meses de práctica de ejercicio profesional supervisado) Requisitos especiales: Tesis Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades Dr. Raúl Benjamín González de Paz Decano Universidad del Valle de Guatemala 11 Calle 15 - 79 Zona 15 Vista Hermosa III Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala Teléfono: (502 2) 380-336, 380-492, 380-496 Facsímil : (502 2) 380-212 y 380-052 Correo Electrónico: gonzdpazuvg.edu.gt Título: Químico farmacéutico, Biólogo y Nutrición, Ingeniero en el grado de Licenciatura 639 Años de la carrera: 5 años para cerrar pénsum Requisitos especiales: Tesis (un año) HONDURAS Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Dr. Juan Ramón Pineda A. Decano Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras Ciudad Universitaria, Carretera a Suyapa Tegucigalpa, Honduras Teléfono : (504) 314-406 Título: Doctor en Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia (se reconoce como Licenciatura) Años de la carrera: 5 años Requisitos especiales: Monografía sobre práctica profesional MEXICO Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Unidad Universitaria de Tijuana Edificio 11, Segundo Piso Tijuana, Baja California, CP 22000 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-66) 821-033 Ext. 150 y 151 Facsímil: (525-66) 822-213 Departamento de Farmacobiología M. C. Héctor Coordinador M. González Martínez Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1451 Sección Reforma Guadalajara, Jalisco Estados Unidos Mexicanos Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Persona Contacto I.B.Q. Ermilo Francisco Sandoval Agustin Melgaras s/n°Ciudad Universitaria Campeche, Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-981) 65-243 640 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Persona Contacto Prof. Jaime Isaías Ortíz Boulevard Constitución y González Lobo Saltillo Coahuila, CP 44100 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-84) 20-155 Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Universitarios de la Laguna Av. Matamoros 1538 pte. Torreón Coahuila Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-17) 21-685 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas Persona Contacto Prof. Thelma Frauda Contreras Carretera a Puerto Madero Km 11/2 Tapachula, Chiapas, CP 30700 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-962) 23-849 Escuela de Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Santiago Gutiérrez Ciudad Universitaria-Escorza y Venustiano Carranza, Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua, CP 3100 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-16) 155-590 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Universidad Autónoma de México Persona Contacto 641 Q.F.B. María Eugenia Posada Galaza Av. Primero de Mayo s/n° CP 54730 Cuatitlan Izcalli, Estado de México Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-5) 623-2026, Ext. 26 y 32 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Jesús Morales Juárez Paseo Colon y Paseo Toyocán Toluca, Estado de México, CP 5000 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-721) 74-120 Facsímil: (525-721) 73-890 Facultad de Química Departamento de Farmacia Universidad de Guanajuato Persona Contacto M.C. Rafael Zamudio Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato Guanajuato, CP 36050 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-473) 22-034 Facsímil: (525-473) 24-250 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Guadalajara Persona Contacto Ing. Químico Heriberto Valle Av. Patria 1201 Fracc Lomas del Valle, Guadalajara Jalisco, CP 44100 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-3) 415-051 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Guadalajara Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Miguel Madrigal Boulevard Atlaquepaque Instituto Tecnológico 1451, Guadalajara 642 Jalisco, CP 44100 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-3) 261-876 Escuela de Química Universidad La Salle Persona Contacto Dra. Ma. Teresa Estrada Alvarado Benjamin Franklyn 47 Colonia Condesa, México D.F., CP 06140 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525) 515-7445 Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos-DCBS Universidad Autónoma Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Tomás Quirino Metropolitana-Xochimilco Calzada del Hueso 1100 Colonia Villa Quietud México D.F., CP 04960 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525) 594-7833, Ext. 270 Facsímil: (525) 724-5237 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Persona Contacto Q.F.I. Velva Ulloa González Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n° México D.F., CP 11340 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525) 729-6300 Ext. 63342 Facsímil: (525) 341-4100 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Norma González Monzón Ciudad Universitaria México D.F., CP 04510 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525) 550-5215, Ext. 2446 643 Facsímil: (525) 622-5329 Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales-Zaragoza Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Patricia Parra Cervantes J.C. Bonilla 66 Campos 2 México D.F. Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525) 623-0572 Escuela de Químico Fármaco Biología Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Elsa Velázquez Ramírez Edificio Rectoría de Ciudad Univ. Morelia Michoacán, CP 58030 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-43) 32-775 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Hilda L. Garza Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 524 San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Estados Unidos Mexicanos Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juarez"de Oaxaca Ciudad Universitaria, Ex-Hacienda 5 Señores Oaxaca, CP 68120 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-951) 63-492 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Prasalba Olea 644 Ciudad Universitaria Puebla, Puebla Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-22) 426-321 Facsímil: (525-22) 372-980 Escuela de Química y Biología Universidad de las Américas Persona Contacto Dr. Angel Trigos Ap 100 Santa Catarina Mártir Puebla, CP 72820 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-22) 470-000 Ext. 239 Facsímil: (525-22) 470-422 Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Centro Universitario de las Campanas Queretaro, CP 76010 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-42) 63-242 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí Persona Contacto Dr. Roberto Leyva Ramos Calle Alvaro Obregón 64 San Luís Potosí, CP 78000 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-48) 30-12 Escuela de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Persona Contacto Q.F.B. José Alberto Piña Av. Rio Lerma y Rio Casas Grandes, Fracc. Los Pinos, Culiacán Sinaloa Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-67) 43-838 645 Dpto. de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas Univ. de Sonora, Unidad Regional Norte Av. Universidad e Irigoyen, Caborca Sonora, CP 83300 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-637) 37-235 Escuela de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Sur Carretera Alamos, Navojoa Sonora, CP 85880 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Miguel Garza Centro Universitario Matamoros y Calle 8 Reynosa Tamaulipas, CP 87000 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-89) 24-611 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad del Noreste Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Mario Bustamante Prolongación Av. Hidalgo s/n°, Tampico Tamaulipas Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-12) 35-831 Escuela de Químico Farmacéutico Biólogico Universidad Veracruzana Zona Xalapa Coordinadora de Carrera Q.F.B. Irma Uzcanga Zona Universitaria, Lomas del Estado Xalapa, Veracruz, CP 91090 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-281) 82-770 646 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Veracruzana Zona Orizaba Coordinadora de Carrera Q.F.B. Sofia Cana Prolongación Oriente 6 #1009 Orizaba Veracruz, CP 94349 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-272) 40-120 Escuela de Química. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Wilbert Villegas C Calle 41 s/n°, Ex-Terrenos del Fenix Merida, Yucatán, CP 97150 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono : (525-99) 248-000 Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Persona Contacto Q.F.B. Rosalinda Carrillo Unidad Guadalupe Zacatecas Zacatecas, CP 93606 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (525-492) 22-924 Escuela de Medicina Coordinación de Docencia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Persona Contacto Dra. Fela Viso Ave. Abasolo #600 Colonia Centro Pachuca, Hidalgo, C.P. 42000 Estados Unidos Mexicanos Teléfono: (91-771) 36-310 Facsímil : (91-771) 54-775 NICARAGUA Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Escuela de Farmacia 647 Decana Lic. Celia Chavarría Noror Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (Núcleo de León) Campus Médico, León, Nicaragua Teléfono: (505) 311-2737, Ext.222 Facsímil: (505) 311-4970 / 311-4646 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] / [email protected] Título: Licenciado Químico - Farmacéutico Años de la carrera: 5 años Requisitos especiales: Tesis y un año de servicio social PANAMA Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Nacional de Panamá Decano Dr. Mohabir P. Gupta Estafeta Universitaria Universidad de Panamá Panamá, República de Panamá Teléfono: (507) 223-3487 Facsímil : (507) 223-7633 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Título que otorga: Licenciado en farmacia Años de la carrera: 4 1/2 años (9 semestres) Requisitos especiales : Tesis PARAGUAY Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Asunción Decano Prof. Dr. Rafael Camperchioli Campus Universitario San Lorenzo San Lorenzo, Paraguay Teléfono : (595-58) 5562/5 Facsímil: (595-58) 5564 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción Decano Dr. Rubén Echauri 648 Casilla de Correo No. 6 Villarrica, Guairá, Paraguay Teléfono: (595-541) 31-18 Facultad de Ciencias y Letras Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción Decano Ing. Gustavo Duarte Ciudad del Este, Alto Paraná, Paraguay Teléfono: (595-61) 501-414 / 500-876 PERU Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Particular Santa María Decano Dr. Alberto Briceño Apartado 1350, Arequipa, Perú Teléfono: (51-54) 232-720 / 243-271 Facsímil: (51-54) 214-283 Título : Químico Farmacéutico Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional San Luís Gonzaga Decano Dr. Javier Ruiz Lévano Calle San Martín Ica, Perú Teléfono: (51-34) 222-201 Facsímil: (51-34) 235-911 Título : Químico Farmacéutico Años de la carrera : 5 años Requisitos especiales: Tesis Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Decano Dr. Ruben Arredondo Jr. Puno 1002 Apartado Postal 1760 Lima, Perú Teléfono : (51-14) 427-7815 Facsímil: (51-14) 427-7815 Título: Químico Farmacéutico 649 Años de la carrera: 5 años y 6 meses Requisitos especiales: Trabajo de investigación para el título profesional Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad Nacional de la Libertad Decano Dr. José Silva Lara Independencia y Diego de Almagro Trujillo, Perú Teléfono: (51-44) 256-468 Facsímil: (51-44) 256-629 Título: Químico Farmacéutico Años de la carrera: 5 años Requisitos especiales: Tesis de bachiller y monografía para el título profesional Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímica Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega Decano Dr. Gonzalo Mayorga F. Av. Bolívar 165, Pueblo Libre Lima, Perú Teléfono: (51-14) 610-741 Facsímil: (51-14) 610-741 Título: Químico Farmacéutico y Bioquímico Años de la carrera: 11 semestres (5 años y medio) Requisitos especiales: Tesis de grado y examen de culminación de carrera PUERTO RICO Escuela de Farmacia Recinto de Ciencias Médicas Universidad de Puerto Rico Decana Dra. Ilia Oquendo P.O. Box 365067 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067 Teléfono: (809) 751-5680 Facsímil : (809) 751-5680 REPUBLICA DOMINICANA 650 Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Escuela de Farmacia Directora Lic. Mussetta Cedeño Avenida Alma Mater, Zona Universitaria Apartado postal No. 1355 Santo Domingo, República Dominicana Teléfono: (809) 533-5150 Facsímil : (809) 533-1106 Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Ureña Facultad Ciencias de la Salud - Escuela de Farmacia Directora Dra. Miledy Pimentel Rosario Avenida John F. Kennedy, Km. 5 ½ Apartado Postal No. 1423 Santo Domingo, República Dominicana Teléfono: (809) 566-6526 Facsímil: (809) 566-2206 Universidad Central del Este Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Escuela de Farmacia Directora Lic. Dinorah Mejía Av. Circunvalación San Pedro de Macorís, República Dominicana Teléfono : (809) 529-3562, Ext. 562 Facsímil: (809) 529-5146 Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago Escuela de Farmacia - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Directora Dra. Encida B. de Gómez Av. Estrella Sadhalá, Esquina Circunvalación Vicerectora Académica Lcda. Josefina Cruz de Santos Apartado Postal No. 685 Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana Teléfono: (809) 241-4150 / 241-4146 Facsímil: (809) 582-7644 / 582-7157 / 583-5596 URUGUAY Facultad de Química y Farmacia Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay Decano 651 I.Q. Patrick Moyna Silvestre Avda. Gral. Flores 2124 Montevideo, Uruguay, CP 11800 Teléfono: (598-2) 941-880/ 941-882 Facsímil : (598-2) 946-079 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Título: Químico farmacéutico y Magister en química Años de la carrera: Núcleo básico 3 años más 2 años de carrera VENEZUELA Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Central de Venezuela Decano Dr. Orlando Vizcarrondo Ciudad Universitaria Los Chaguaramos Caracas 104, Venezuela Teléfono: (58-2) 693-1921 Facsímil: (58-2) 693-0270 Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Santa María Decano Dr. Nello Collevechio Carretara Petare-Santa Lucía, Sector La Florencia Frente a la Urb. Miranda, Módulo de Farmacia 4to Piso La Urbina, Caracas, Venezuela Teléfono: (58-2) 242-7993 / 242-5097, Ext. 129 Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de los Andes Decano Dr. Alfredo Carabot Cuervo Sector Campo de Oro, detrás del Hospital Universitario de los Andes Mérida, Venezuela 2P 5101 Teléfono: (58-74) 403-440 / 403-441 Facsímil: (58-74) 403-475 652
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/br.html CIA World Factbook - Brazil http://travel.state.gov/brazil.html U.S. State Department's Consular Information Sheet - Brazil http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/brazil_0398_bgn.html U.S. State Department's Background Notes on Brazil (March 1998) http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/brazover.html U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy's Overview of Brazil http://www.embaixada-americana.org.br/ U.S Embassy in Brazil http://www.brazil-round2.com/ Results of Brazil's Second Licensing Round http://www.brasil.emb.nw.dc.us/ Brazilian Embassy in the United States http://www.petrobras.com.br Petrobras http://www.embratel.net.br/infoserv/eletrobr/emenu.htm Eletrobras http://www.latinworld.com/sur/brasil/ LatinWorld's section on Brazil http://www.natlaw.com/brazil/brazil.htm National Law Center InterAm Database -- Brazil http://www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/brazil/ LANIC -- Brazil http://www.ecen.com/eee13/ecen13e.htm Economy & Energy, Brazil http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/br.htm WorldAtlas, Brazil http://www.ibp.org.br/indibpi.htm Brazilian Petroleum Institute http://www.brazilcalifornia.com/ Briefing.htm Brazil Economic Briefing by the Brazilian Embassy in Washington, DC http://www-ioa.ucsd.edu/sectors/energy.htm Institute of the Americas