DOCSLIB.ORG

Historical Biology: an International Journal of Paleobiology Added

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historical Biology: an International Journal of Paleobiology Added This article was downloaded by: [ETH Zurich] On: 23 September 2013, At: 04:58 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 Added credence for a late Dodo extinction date Andrew Jackson a a Institute for Geophysics , Sonneggstr. 5, Zurich , Switzerland Published online: 23 Sep 2013. To cite this article: Andrew Jackson , Historical Biology (2013): Added credence for a late Dodo extinction date, Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.838231 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Historical Biology, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.838231 Added credence for a late Dodo extinction date Andrew Jackson* Institute for Geophysics, Sonneggstr. 5, Zurich, Switzerland (Received 14 August 2013; accepted 22 August 2013) Considerable controversy surrounds the extinction date for the dodo (Raphus cucullatus), and the last uncontrovertibly confirmed sighting is ascribed to Volkert Evertsz on an islet off Mauritius in 1662. Nevertheless, both Roberts and Solow (2003), using a statistical technique, and Hume et al. (2004), drawing on Lamotius’ hunting diaries (1685–1688), place the extinction date as late as 1690 and 1693, respectively. A well-known account of Benjamin Harry from 1681 seems to have been frequently dismissed as unreliable or anecdotal. Our purpose here is to provide new background information on Harry’s scientific credentials that adds considerable credence to his 1681 report and thus adds to the likelihood of a late date for the dodo’s demise, in agreement with the 1690 lower bound. Keywords: Benjamin Harry; history of geomagnetism; extinction of the Dodo; Great Comet of 1680; Kirsch’s Comet; earliest inclination measurement The scientific content of Benjamin Harry’s manuscript provide previously unknown background information The date for the demise of the dodo is a question that concerning Harry that adds immense weight to the veracity continues to cause debate. Although written accounts of of his observation: Harry was not just a casual observer but a sightings exist, various reasons have been given to discredit synoptic recorder par excellence. these accounts as unsubstantiated or anecdotal. One such Little is known about Benjamin Harry, despite the fact important account that is subject to scrutiny is that of that he made the first known measurement of magnetic Benjamin Harry in 1681, the details of which we will inclination south of the equator when he was chief mate on discuss in detail below. Detractors from Harry’s account the ship, the Berkeley Castle, en route from England to India suggest that he was erroneously ascribing the name ‘dodo’ under the captaincy of Wm. Talbot. Inclination measures the (or dodaarsen in Dutch) to a different species of bird, the angle between the Earth’s magnetic field and the horizontal, Red Rail or Hen (e.g. Cheke 1987, 2006); Pitot (1905) and observed values of inclination in Europe played a pivotal simply finds Harry’s dodo reference ‘most improbable’. We role in supporting the theory of William Gilbert, espoused in put these doubts into context by airing, for the first time, the his publication De Magnete in 1600, that the Earth has a scientific credentials of Harry based on his other writings. magnetic field of internal origin similar to that of one of the It is the case that the last written record of dodo being spherical lodestones (terrella) he experimented with. On 7 8 0 , 8 hunted was on 25 November 1688 in the Daghregister of June 1680, OS at a latitude of 35 28 S and longitude of 40 Isaac Joan Lamotius (1685–1688) when he was Governor of East, Harry recorded an accompaniment to his more regular Downloaded by [ETH Zurich] at 04:58 23 September 2013 Mauritius. The actual record is reproduced in Den Hengst declination measurements, namely ‘poynt diped about 63’, (2009). The day books for subsequent years appear to be now the first southern hemisphere measurement still extant (see lost, so this provides a bound on the extinction date. But this Figure 1). We do not know the circumstances under which date is not universally accepted: Cheke (2006) argues that he made this measurement, nor with which instrument, as Lamotius had transferred the name ‘dodaersen’ to another there are no surviving records pertaining to the equipping of species of flightless bird once common on the island called the ship. Harry made a further four measurements in late June, still south of the equator (and with a reported accuracy the Red Hen or Aphanapteryx bonasia. Den Hengst (2009) 0 counters that the context of the listing of the hunt, naming the of 30 of arc), before his ship passed the Great Basses, dodo alongside deer, goats, pigs and manatees, is more modern-day Sri Lanka, and finally reached Fort St George, consistent with the presence of a large bird than that of a red Madras, India. These observations form the only inclinations rail, whose weight would be c. 0.5 kg. A very readable ever measured by an East Indiaman in the seventeenth account of the evidence can be found in Hume (2006).1 The century and are, as such, quite remarkable. observation of Benjamin Harry in 1681 adds credence to the So much for this intriguing set of observations on the 1688 report of Lamotius, and it is the purpose of this piece to outward journey. On the return journey, the Berkeley Castle *Email: [email protected] q 2013 Taylor & Francis 2 A. Jackson 14 November 1680 NS and which was also observed by Edmond Halley himself. Harry’s figures show the development of the comet, and in particular the length of its tail, reaching some 70–908 across the sky. Having delved into geophysics and astronomy, more was to come from this remarkable observer. On 5 July 1681, Harry’s ship moored in Mauritius, and Harry wrote extensively about the place and its products and inhabitants. At this time, Harry put to ink the famous observation ‘of winged and feathered ffowle the less passant are Dodos, whose fflesh is very hard’ (Figure 4). This observation has been the subject of considerable controversy as a result of its ambiguity: did Harry indeed taste the dodo? Harry’s words have been noted to be very similar to those used by the navigator Marshall in the 1660s, who appeared to be describing red rails (e.g. Cheke 2006). In defence of Harry, Den Hengst (2009) notes that ‘contrary to other authors, Harry had no reason to quote Figure 1. The first measurement of inclination or dip in the southern hemisphere that is still in existence, made by Benjamin from a previous account as his report was not destined for Harry on 7 June 1680 OS. q British Library Board, Sloane 3668. public information’. Nevertheless, we can perhaps suspect that Harry was compiling a list based on his own and his was moored in the Bay of Bengal between 21 November crew’s experiences and observations, or was recounting 1680 and 25 January 1681. During this time, we can read a local knowledge regarding the local victuals. In the latter most impressive set of scientific observations, the second case, likely this was derived from the Governor or from strand of evidence that Harry was a skilled and careful local stockmen, since he lists their prices for goats and observer. Beginning on the 21 November 1680 (OS) and on cattle. As noted by J. P. Hume in his review of this until 7 February, Harry made a series of observations and manuscript (personal communication, 2013), detailed drawings of a comet that was unmissable in the ¼ heavens. His initial entry for 21 November 1680 (Figure 2) Harry also mentions “curleues” [ curlews] in his list, 8 which may have represented migrant curlews, but just as reads ‘In y Morning I see y Commett dist from S md 7 5S likely to have been referable to red rails. On Mauritius, perpendicular under him or her allmost in a line with S8 migrant curlews are wary and difficult to approach, and so Ballasore ...’ and continues on 23 November ‘The Comett in the 1600s, they could have only been taken by stalking appeared at first as bigg as a Star of y 2 Mag: butt his Luminus and shooting (a time-consuming and expensive parts, bigger tn? a * of y first mgg’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biolphilately Vol-64 No-3
    BIOPHILATELY OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BIOLOGY UNIT OF ATA MARCH 2020 VOLUME 69, NUMBER 1 Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite 'em, And little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum. —Augustus De Morgan Dr. Indraneil Das Pangolins on Stamps More Inside >> IN THIS ISSUE NEW ISSUES: ARTICLES & ILLUSTRATIONS: From the Editor’s Desk ......................... 1 Botany – Christopher E. Dahle ............ 17 Pangolins on Stamps of the President’s Message .............................. 2 Fungi – Paul A. Mistretta .................... 28 World – Dr. Indraneil Das ..................7 Secretary -Treasurer’s Corner ................ 3 Mammalia – Michael Prince ................ 31 Squeaky Curtain – Frank Jacobs .......... 15 New Members ....................................... 3 Ornithology – Glenn G. Mertz ............. 35 New Plants in the Philatelic News of Note ......................................... 3 Ichthyology – J. Dale Shively .............. 57 Herbarium – Christopher Dahle ....... 23 Women’s Suffrage – Dawn Hamman .... 4 Entomology – Donald Wright, Jr. ........ 59 Rats! ..................................................... 34 Event Calendar ...................................... 6 Paleontology – Michael Kogan ........... 65 New Birds in the Philatelic Wedding Set ........................................ 16 Aviary – Charles E. Braun ............... 51 Glossary ............................................... 72 Biology Reference Websites ................ 69 ii Biophilately March 2020 Vol. 69 (1) BIOPHILATELY BIOLOGY UNIT
    [Show full text]
  • Dodo' Award Title for Record Period with No New Named Endangered Species by Shirley Gregory
    http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/358072/conservation_group_awards_interior.html Conservation Group Awards Interior Secretary 'Dodo' Award Title for Record Period with No New Named Endangered Species by Shirley Gregory By not placing a single plant or animal on the federal list of endangered species since his confirmation, U.S. Secretary of Interior Dirk Kempthorne has earned the first-ever "Rubber Dodo Award," according to news from the Center for Biological Diversity. Kempthorne has not listed a single species as endangered during the 472 days he has served as secretary, the center said, thereby passing the previous record held by former Interior Secretary James Watt, who placed no plants or animals on the endangered species list for 376 days during his term between 1981 and 1982. "Kempthorne is eminently deserving of the first annual Rubber Dodo award," said Kieran Suckling, policy director for the center, which established the award. "His refusal to protect a single imperiled species in more than 15 months gives him the worst record of any interior secretary in the history of the Endangered Species Act. His policies should go the way of the dodo as soon as possible." The award is named for the dodo bird, a three-foot-tall, flightless bird discovered on the uninhabited island of Mauritius by Dutch sailors in 1598. Within less than a century, the bird had been wiped out -- hunted by humans and other animals it had before never encountered nor developed a natural fear of. "Political appointees like Kempthorne come and go, but extinction is forever," Suckling said. "No politician has the right to destroy the future of an endangered species." As of July, according to a report by the Washington Post, only 60 species have been added to the Endangered Species list during the George W.
    [Show full text]
  • Coevolution of Cycads and Dinosaurs George E
    Coevolution of cycads and dinosaurs George E. Mustoe* INTRODUCTION TOXICOLOGY OF EXTANT CYCADS cycads suggests that the biosynthesis of ycads were a major component of Illustrations in textbooks commonly these compounds was a trait that C forests during the Mesozoic Era, the depict herbivorous dinosaurs browsing evolved early in the history of the shade of their fronds falling upon the on cycad fronds, but biochemical evi- Cycadales. Brenner et al. (2002) sug- scaly backs of multitudes of dinosaurs dence from extant cycads suggests that gested that macrozamin possibly serves a that roamed the land. Paleontologists these reconstructions are incorrect. regulatory function during cycad have long postulated that cycad foliage Foliage of modern cycads is highly toxic growth, but a strong case can be made provided an important food source for to vertebrates because of the presence that the most important reason for the reptilian herbivores, but the extinction of two powerful neurotoxins and carcin- evolution of cycad toxins was their of dinosaurs and the contemporaneous ogens, cycasin (methylazoxymethanol- usefulness as a defense against foliage precipitous decline in cycad popula- beta-D-glucoside) and macrozamin (beta- predation at a time when dinosaurs were tions at the close of the Cretaceous N-methylamine-L-alanine). Acute symp- the dominant herbivores. The protective have generally been assumed to have toms triggered by cycad foliage inges- role of these toxins is evidenced by the resulted from different causes. Ecologic tion include vomiting, diarrhea, and seed dispersal characteristics of effects triggered by a cosmic impact are abdominal cramps, followed later by loss modern cycads. a widely-accepted explanation for dino- of coordination and paralysis of the saur extinction; cycads are presumed to limbs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extirpation of Species Outside Protected Areas
    Received: 13 April 2018 Revised: 24 August 2018 Accepted: 27 August 2018 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12608 LETTER The extirpation of species outside protected areas Elizabeth H. Boakes1 Richard A. Fuller2 Philip J.K. McGowan3 1 Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Abstract Research, University College London, Lon- don, UK Protected areas (PAs) are fundamental to conservation efforts but they are only part 2School of Biological Sciences, University of of a successful conservation strategy. We examine biodiversity outside PAs in Sun- Queensland, Brisbane, Australia daland, one of the world's most biologically degraded regions. Using the avian order 3 School of Natural and Environmental Sci- Galliformes as a case study, we identify species that have not been sighted outside PAs ences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK within the last 20 years on each individual landmass (i.e., Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Correspondence Sumatra, Java, and Bali). We estimate these species’ extirpation dates outside PAs Elizabeth Boakes, Centre for Biodiversity and using optimal linear estimation and species’ sighting records. Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, UK. We conclude there have been up to 13 extirpations of Galliformes from outside PAs Email: [email protected] in Sundaland. Three Sundaic endemics now occur only inside PAs. Sumatra has suf- Funding information fered the highest proportion of extirpations (50% of its galliform species). Effective Leverhulme Trust, Grant/Award Number: F/07/058/AK management of Sundaland's
    [Show full text]
  • American Paleontologist Pages 1 and 4
    FinalV OLUMEIssue 19, NUMBER 4 AMERICAN WINTER 2012 PALEONTOLOGIST A MAGAZINE OF EARTH SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY THE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION AND ITS MUSEUM OF THE EARTH The Last Good Buy Birds in the New Age of Extinction Also in this issue... An Inordinate Fondness for Vertebrae page 20 Goodbye American Paleontologist pages 1 and 4 ...plus much more! US $5.00 FEATURE ARTICLE Th e Last Good Buy: Birds in the New Age of Extinction By Constance M. Soja Th e oldest fossils belonging to the undisputed bird survivors of the end-Mesozoic biodiversity crisis experienced Archaeopteryx date back 140-150 million years to the extraordinary evolutionary radiations. Co-adapting to the Mesozoic. During that geologic era, dinosaurs dominated brave new world, they fi lled vacated ecologic niches and terrestrial ecosystems around the globe. Pterosaurs – evolved into the iconic species that defi ne the Cenozoic – dinosaurs' evolutionary cousins, the fl ying reptiles – soared our modern world and Earth's current great geologic era. overhead, and an astounding variety of diminutive to gigantic With most animal and plant groups of the Mesozoic laid to aquatic reptiles – ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs, and rest, new species rose to dominance, and new competitive mosasaurs – cruised the world's oceans. Consuming squid- relationships were established. Oversized, fl ightless "terror like belemnoid and ammonoid prey, those top predators birds" – T. rex ultimate but down-sized body doubles – were also swam in the shallow seaways that fl ooded the interior pitted against fox- and pony-sized mammals, which in the of North America and other continents. Within 80 million previous 150 million years had been small, nocturnal, rat- years, the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction that brought like animals eeking out a subsidiary existence.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Pre-Human Avifauna of the Mascarene Islands
    – 195 – Paleornithological Research 2013 Proceed. 8th Inter nat. Meeting Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution Ursula B. Göhlich & Andreas Kroh (Eds) A synopsis of the pre-human avifauna of the Mascarene Islands JULIAN P. HUME Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, UK Abstract — The isolated Mascarene Islands of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues are situated in the south- western Indian Ocean. All are volcanic in origin and have never been connected to each other or any other land mass. Despite their comparatively close proximity to each other, each island differs topographically and the islands have generally distinct avifaunas. The Mascarenes remained pristine until recently, resulting in some documentation of their ecology being made before they rapidly suffered severe degradation by humans. The first major fossil discoveries were made in 1865 on Mauritius and on Rodrigues and in the late 20th century on Réunion. However, for both Mauritius and Rodrigues, the documented fossil record initially was biased toward larger, non-passerine bird species, especially the dodo Raphus cucullatus and solitaire Pezophaps solitaria. This paper provides a synopsis of the fossil Mascarene avifauna, which demonstrates that it was more diverse than previously realised. Therefore, as the islands have suffered severe anthropogenic changes and the fossil record is far from complete, any conclusions based on present avian biogeography must be viewed with caution. Key words: Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, ecological history, biogeography, extinction Introduction ily described or illustrated in ships’ logs and journals, which became the source material for The Mascarene Islands of Mauritius, Réunion popular articles and books and, along with col- and Rodrigues are situated in the south-western lected specimens, enabled monographs such as Indian Ocean (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Museum Alive Educator Guide
    GRADES K-8 EDUCATOR GUIDE ABOUT COLOSSUS PRODUCTIONS Colossus Productions is the 3D-specialist production company formed by Atlantic Productions (see more below) with Sky in 2011. The joint venture was created to develop and produce high-end 3D films for UK and international audiences. Emerging from Atlantic Production’s record in producing award winning content, Colossus has already released in IMAX and Giant Screen such diverse educational and entertaining films as Flying Monsters 3D, Penguins 3D and Galapagos 3D: Nature’s Wonderland into cinemas worldwide. Colossus’ most recent IMAX/Giant Screen films are Museum Alive and Amazing Mighty Micro Monsters which were released in late 2016 and the newest Colossus production, Conquest of the Skies will be released in IMAX and Giant Screen later in 2016. ATLANTIC PRODUCTIONS Atlantic Productions is one of the world’s leading factual production companies whose multi BAFTA and Emmy award-winning films nda content are regularly seen in over 100 countries around the world. Founded in 1992, Atlantic has built a reputation for world-class story-telling, enhanced by the latest techniques and technologies including the building of pioneering cross-platform and digital experiences. Atlantic Productions leads a group of companies which make television programmes, theatrical and IMAX films, apps (Atlantic Digital), visual effects (Zoo VFX) and now, immersive virtual reality experiences (Alchemy VR). CREDITS Educator Reviewers Writer Garrick Humphrey, M.S.Ed. Literacy, Samantha Zuhlke, Creative Management elementary educator Solutions Colleen Humphrey, M.S.Ed. Curriculum and Instruction, secondary math educator Editors Christina Riska Simmons, Education Fact Checker Consultant Bob Connelly Jessica Shea, M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Burying the Dodo: Why the Common Factors Debate Is Not Over Yet
    Burying the Dodo: Why the Common Factors Debate is Not Over Yet Robert J. DeRubeis Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Australian Regional Group Meeting Society for Psychotherapy Research Brisbane, 1 December, 2009 Key Collaborators • Dan Strunk (Assistant Professor, the Ohio State University) • Jay Fournier (on clinical internship at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinics) The Dodo Verdict • A meme that thrives in the psychotherapy research community • What does it convey? • Why does it convey “it” so effectively? • If we could agree on a clear assertion related to the Dodo, or the Verdict, or its use in psychotherapy rhetoric, what could available findings tell us about the assertion? Meet the Dodo From the Oxford University Museum of Natural History From Wikipedia’s “Dodo” entry • Raphus cucullatus, a flightless bird endemic to the island of Mauritius. • Has been extinct since the mid-to-late 17th century. Commonly used as the archetype of an extinct species because its extinction occurred during recorded human history, and was directly attributable to human activity. • The word is probably related to the Dutch word “dodaars” ("knot-arse"), referring to the knot of feathers on the Dodo’s hind end. Why the Dodo? • Because it’s extinct? • No. Because of what the Dodo famously said in Lewis Carroll’s “Alice in Wonderland,” and how that saying has been applied to psychotherapy research findings. The Dodo, presenting Alice with a thimble to honor his proclamation that, after the Caucus race, “Everyone has won, and
    [Show full text]
  • De-Extinction, Dualisms, and Reframing Conservation
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Law Review Volume 92 Issue 4 2015 Going the Way of the Dodo: De-Extinction, Dualisms, and Reframing Conservation Alejandro E. Camacho University of California, Irvine School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Animal Law Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Population Biology Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Alejandro E. Camacho, Going the Way of the Dodo: De-Extinction, Dualisms, and Reframing Conservation, 92 WASH. U. L. REV. 849 (2015). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol92/iss4/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Washington University Law Review VOLUME 92 NUMBER 4 2015 GOING THE WAY OF THE DODO: DE-EXTINCTION, DUALISMS, AND REFRAMING CONSERVATION ALEJANDRO E. CAMACHO ABSTRACT De-extinction, a suite of selective breeding or biotechnological processes for reviving and releasing into the environment members or facsimiles of an extinct species, has been the subject of a recent surge of analysis in popular, scientific, and legal literature. Yet de-extinction raises more fundamental questions about the relationship between humans and nature and about the more and less useful ways that the law serves to navigate that relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • Parrot Conservation on Mauritius
    Listening to Echos and Se a r ching for Ghosts Parrot Conservation on Mauritius by CARL JONES It is a wonder ful privilege to accept the Car olina Medal for myself, have removed the eggs and and on behalf of the conservation team on Mauritius, in r ecognition young for captive r earing, of our work on the Echo Parakeet. But we should not for get that thereby saving many birds that without the help of the World Par rot Tr ust we would not have would have otherwise perished. achieved as much. These birds have been used to establish our captive population The conser vation work on the Echo Parakeet started in 1974 but due or have been returned to the to a shor tage of funds did not really take off until 1990 when we wild. were lucky enough to join for ces with the World Parr ot Trust. Like many important unions our meeting was for tuitous. I was talking at a We found that few pairs, if they captive br eeding conference. In my presentation I mentioned that the succeed, rear more that a single Echo Parakeet had a perilously low population and would likely baby even thought they may lay become extinct, not because we did not know how to save it, but and hatch three eggs. If birds because there was not enough money to make the pr oject work. After are left with a whole br ood, all my talk Mike Reynolds appr oached offering the help of the World the young may be compromised Parrot Trust.
    [Show full text]
  • Hickory Dodo Club
    Northwest Hickory Dodo Club Dodo: an extinct heavy flightless bird (Raphus cucullatus syn. Didus ineptus of the family Raphidae) of the island of Mauritius that was larger than a turkey and was related to the pigeon. A dodo was also a commonly- used term in the 1920s and 1930s to describe a hole-in-one. It was thought that making a hole-in- one was as rare as sighting a dodo. The term gradually faded from common usage and became extinct much like its namesake. During the 1920s Burke Golf Company created the Dodo Club to recognize hole-in- ones. They mailed out a dozen golf balls to players who reported a hole-in-one. By the 1930s, however, there were so many dodos being reported, Burke discontinued the practice. The following are members of the exclusive Hickory Dodo Club of the Northwest Hickory Players. Gerry Cassel - 2021 Ray Tokareff (2) – 2020, 2019 Albert Bruno (2) – 2020, 2019 Carl LeBoa – 2019 John Lavendoski (2) – 2019, 2019 Andrew von Lossow - 2019 Larry Buckingham - 2016 Galen Peterson - 2015 Martin Pool - 2014 Rob Ahlschwede – 2004 Their stories follow: March 3, 2021. Alderbrook GC, Union, WA – Gerry Cassel Gerry Cassel of Shelton, Washington, new to hickory golf, wasted no time scoring his first hickory dodo. In Gerry’s own words, “In my bag of hickories, I have 3 clubs (Jigger, driving iron, putter) I got from Wally, a member at my club that he played with as a teenager. He passed away this year. His house sits on the tee box of #12 at Alderbrook Golf Course.” “I was playing yesterday hitting two balls shooting our loop 10,11,12,13,18.
    [Show full text]
  • African Animals Extinct in the Holocene
    SNo Common Name\Scientific Name Extinction Date Range Mammals Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 AD) Atlas Wild Ass 1 300 North Africa Equus africanus atlanticus Canary Islands Giant Rats 2 Before 1500 AD. Spain (Canary Islands) Canariomys bravoi and Canariomys tamarani Giant Aye-aye 3 1000 AD. Madgascar Daubentonia robusta Giant Fossa 4 Unknown Madgascar Cryptoprocta spelea 5 Hipposideros besaoka 10000 BC. Madgascar Homotherium 6 10000 BC. Africa Homotherium sp. Koala Lemur 7 1420 AD. Madagascar Megaladapis sp. Lava Mouse 8 Before 1500 Spain (Canary Islands) Malpaisomys insularis Malagasy Aardvark 9 200 BC Madagascar Plesiorycteropus sp. Malagasy Hippopotamus 10 1000 AD. Madgascar Hippopotamus sp. Megalotragus 11 10000 BC. Africa Megalotragus sp. North African Elephant 12 300 AD. North Africa Loxodonta africana pharaoensis Pelorovis 13 2000 BC. Africa Pelorovis sp. Sivatherium 14 6000 BC. Africa Sivatherium sp. Recent Extinctions (1500 to present) Atlas Bear 1 1870s North Africa Ursus arctos crowtheri Aurochs Unknown (Africa), 2 North Africa Bos primigenius 1627(Europe) Bluebuck 3 1799 South Africa Hippotragus leucophaeus Bubal Hartebeest 4 1923 North Africa Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus Cape Lion 5 1860 South Africa Panthera leo melanochaitus Cape Serval 6 Unknown South Africa Leptailurus serval serval Cape Warthog 7 1900 South Africa Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus Kenya Oribi 8 Unknown Kenya Ourebia ourebi kenyae Large Sloth Lemur 9 1500s Madagascar Palaeopropithecus sp. Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox 10
    [Show full text]