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Süßwasserfauna Von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 7/2-2 Chelicerata

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Süßwasserfauna Von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 7/2-2 Chelicerata Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 7/2-2 Chelicerata Acari 2 Bearbeitet von Reinhard Gerecke 1. Auflage 2010. Taschenbuch. IX, 235 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 8274 1894 4 Format (B x L): 17 x 24 cm Gewicht: 454 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Wirbellose (Invertebrata) > Spinnentiere (Arachnide) Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. 1 Superfamily Hydryphantoidea Piersig, 1896 1896c Hydryphantinae Piersig, Sitzungsberichte naturf. Ges. Leipzig 22: 48. Diagnosis: Colour red, rarely brown, orange or yellow. Membranous parts of integument papillate. Lateral eyes located at anterolateral edge of idiosoma, not on a common eye plate. Coxae typically in four groups, on each side, Cx-I+II and Cx-III+IV fused to form two coxal plates, these plates separated. Palp five-segmented, often chelate, never uncate. Chelicera two-segmented. Larvae as far as known, except for one subfamily, (Wan- desiinae) aerial. Discussion: Without any doubt, this is a para- or polyphyletic clade, including taxa branched off before the evolutionary level of aquatic larvae was reached in the stem line of water mites. In the design of the genital field and mouth parts, many genera show a high degree of similarity to terrestrial parasitengone mites, but there are also evolu- tionary lines that have developed outstanding new standards and distinct morphological adaptations. Some larvae in the genus Wandesia display an aquatic life style, but their legs are hardly adapted for swimming. It would not be surprising to find further, and better, adaptations to larval aquatic life within this clade, achieved in convergence to the “higher” water mites (superfamilies Lebertioidea + Hygrobatoidea + Arrenuroidea). Future systema- tic research will most probably result in the splitting of Hydryphantoidea into several se- parate clades and the transfer of some of its elements to other superfamilies is also possible. Of the seven families included by Cook (1974, 1992), only Hydryphantidae and Hydro- dromidae, both characterized by a chelate palp, are represented in the European fauna. Other families, all with non-chelate palps, are Teratothyadidae (Africa, Sumatra, two gen- era), Rhynchohydracaridae (North and South America, three subfamilies), Ctenothyadidae (E Asia, New Zealand), Thermacaridae (Asia, North and South America, only genus Ther- macarus) and Zelandothyadidae (New Zealand, Tasmania). Tuzovskij (2007) proposed to re-establish as a family Thyadidae K. Viets, 1926l, a taxon ranked as a subfamily of Hydryphantidae here following Cook’s proposal (1974). This taxonomic change, however, does not provide any clearer insight into phylogenetic rela- tionships. However, following O¨ zdikmen (2006), the correct name of former Thyadidae is Euthyadidae K. Viets, 1931c, and this is followed here but at subfamily level, i. e. Euthya- dinae. The only character state in common to adults of all genera, is the probably plesiomorphic absence of swimming setae. All other potential synapomorphies listed in Tuzovskij’s revision regard the larval stage only – a stage unfortunately still unknown in 50 % of the genera attributed to this clade. In view of such an unsatisfactory state, we retain here the traditional system. After further study of preadult stages, some euthya- dine genera may be shown to be related to representatives of other hydryphantid subfa- milies. Key to families, subfamilies and genera of the European fauna Some statements in this key are only valid for taxa represented in the European fauna. Excluded as genus incertum (Di Sabatino et al. 2009): Pseudothyas Thor, 1899c. 1 Pointed dorsodistal projection of P-4 reaching the tip level of P-5 (8-1 a; 8-6 b), often slightly bent dorsally; numerous Ac on genital plates (8-1 c); numerous densely-arranged long setae near margins of coxae (8-6 a); lateral eye lenses not enclosed in capsules (8-1 b); dorsal and posteroventral idiosoma completely smooth; legs II-IV with swimming setae (8-7 a-d, f). Family Hydrodromidae (only genus: Hydrodroma, page 8) - Pointed dorsodistal projection of P-4 not reaching tip of P-5, not bent dorsally (8-1 d; 8-4f); morphology of lateral eyes, Ac, setation of coxae and legs various (Family Hydryphantidae). ................................................. 2 2 Key to families, subfamilies and genera 8-1: a-c, Hydrodroma torrenticola male; a, palp; b, lateral eyes; c, genital field; d, Protzia lata, gnatho- soma and palp; e, Diplodontus scapularis female, genital field; f, Protzia eximia genital field; g, Zschokkea oblonga female, genital field; h, Partnunia steinmanni male, leg claws; i, Protzia invalvaris male, leg claws; k, Pseudohydryphantes parvulus female, integument structure and lateral eye capsule; l-m, Tartarothyas romanica male, l, frontal dorsum; m, genital field. Superfamily Hydryphantoidea 3 2 (1) Postgenital idiosoma vermiform (8-34 a); lateral eyes often little developed; genital plates re- duced to irregular strips or absent (8-34 b-d). Subfamily Wandesiinae (only genus in the study area: Wandesia, page 72) - Postgenital idiosoma not conspicuously elongated; lateral eyes and genital plates various. ................................................. 3 3 (2) Dorsal idiosoma completely soft (8-22 a, in some cases small sclerotized spots indicate po- sition of muscle insertions); median eye, if present, lying free in the integument, not on a scler- otized plate. 4 - Dorsal idiosoma with a frontal shield (e. g., 8-2 a, 8-3 c-d) and/or regularly-arranged plates (e. g., 8-2 f, 8-4 b), varying in size from small, roundish platelets (in diameter similar to glan- dularia – 8-5 b) to extended shields (8-4 d); median eye, if present, often surrounded by a sclerotized plate. (In juveniles with little sclerotization, platelets may be faint, observe in tan- gential view at higher magnification in case of doubt). 9 4 (3) Genital field with four to more than 40 pairs of Ac (8-1 e-f)............... 5 - Genital field with three pairs of Ac (8-1 g, m)....................... 7 5 (4) Acetabula arranged on a pair of genital plates, not stalked; genital flaps well-developed, half- moon-shaped (8-1 e, 8-8 a); legs with swimming setae (8-8 d). Subfamily Diplodontinae (only genus: Diplodontus, page 13) - Acetabula in the soft integument surrounding gonopore, in most species stalked; genital flaps strap-shaped or reduced (8-1 f, 8-28 b, 8-29 b); legs without swimming setae (subfamily Protziinae). 6 6 (5) Legs with simple claws (8-1 h); genital flaps strongly sclerotized, their medial margins with numerous regularly-arranged setae (8-28 b). ............. Partnunia (page 56) - Legs with pectinate claws bearing fine lateral clawlets (8-1 i); genital flaps more or less re- duced, sometimes irregularly-arranged setae the only remnants of flaps (8-1 f, 8-29 b). .........................................Protzia (page 59) 7 (4) Legs with swimming setae; integument of the only species known from the area iridescent due to stellate papillae ending in fine tips (8-1 k); Ac oval in shape, in area between gonopore and genital flaps (8-32 b); lateral eyes in capsules (8-1 k). Subfamily Pseudohydryphantinae (only genus: Pseudohydryphantes, page 69) - Legs without swimming setae; integument with simple papillae; Ac and lateral eyes various. ................................................. 8 8 (7) Lateral eyes reduced in size, not encapsulated (8-1 l); Ac oval, in the membranous area be- tween gonopore and genital flaps (8-1 m); suture line separating Cx-I/II nearly parallel to longitudinal idiosomal axis; chelicerae with very strong claws (8-33 c, basal segment/claw ratio 5 1.8). Subfamily Tartarothyadinae (only genus: Tartarothyas, page 70) - Lateral eyes in capsules (8-22 a); Ac round; Ac-1 and -3 embedded in genital flaps, Ac-2 sur- rounded by posterior genital flap margin and appearing embedded in the flap (8-1 g); chelic- eral claws less strong (basal segment/claw ratio 4 1.8). Subfamily Euthyadinae partim, genus Zschokkea (page 40) 9 (3) Dorsum with a characteristic frontal shield which includes a pair of anterolateral preocularia, and with concave posterior margin between two posterolateral projections (8-2 a); other dor- salia unsclerotized or (rarely) developed as small, roundish spots or absent; legs generally with swimming setae (subfamily Hydryphantinae). 10 - If an isolated frontal shield present (e. g., 8-3 c-d), it neither includes the preocularia antero- laterally, nor forms a pair of projections posterolaterally; often with large, symmetrically-ar- ranged dorsal and ventral plates; legs without swimming setae (subfamily Euthyadinae par- tim). ............................................. 1 10 Genital field lateral margin straight in anterior, rounded in posterior part (8-2 b); if more than three pairs of Ac present, restricted to posterior part. Hydryphantes (page 48) - Genital field lateral margin equally rounded or with a central constriction; numerous Ac both in the anterior and posterior part (8-2 c)................ Georgella (page 42) 4 Key to families, subfamilies and genera 8-2: a-b, Hydryphantes ruber male; a, frontal shield; b, genital
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