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Surjit Singh Majithia Who Was Elected by the College Coun­ Cil in Its Meetin July 2, V 1944 May 1944 the College Secured on Loan the At

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Surjit Singh Majithia Who Was Elected by the College Coun­ Cil in Its Meetin July 2, V 1944 May 1944 the College Secured on Loan the At { 1 / ( / I A < V r i A. • ;w ^tl 1• ft I t A i </ A 4 ' * \ ." V i I \ ; n-/n •A HISTORY OF THE KHALSA COLLEGE AMRITSAR > / * • f A HISTORY OF THE KHALSA COLLEGE AMRITSAR £l ublisned n JLhe Occasion Of <Jts Qolden Qumlee AMRITSAR 1949 I * • » I * * • I ^r * - 1 . i • * ' -..- * CONTENTS 1. Historical Background 1 2 The Khalsa College Establishment Committee and its work • • 12 3. The Foundation-stone of the College laid 20 4. The Khalsa College School, 1893-1897 24 5. The Khalsa College Amritsar—the 'First year 9 Mr. Vere O'Ratigan 34 6. Dr. J.C. Oman 37 7. Mr. M.G.V. Cole 42 8. All-India Sikh Conference at the Khalsa College 52 9. Mr. M.G.V. Cole {continued) 6o° 10. Mr. R.G. Wright 72 11. Mr. G.A. Wathan 81 12. Mr. Man Mohan 98 13. Sardar Bahadur Bishan Singh 103 14. Sardar Bahadur Bhai Jodh Singh 115 • APPENDICES I 1. The staff of the Khalsa College School on 31st March, 1894 138 w 2, Succession List of Chancellors, Rectors, Presi­ dents and Honorary Secretaries 139 3. Succession List of Principals 141 • 4. Statement of Landed Property of the College 142 .5. Properties as on March 31, 1948 145 . I ' CO ca 5* o O CO e rSj S ^^|u^/yjkjh>JftU i CHAPTER I - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The history of the Khalsa College Amritsar is practically the history of rennaissance among the Sikhs. With its es­ tablishment in the nineties of the last century began a move­ ment for the education of Sikh boys and girls on an extensive scale. One hardly comes across an eminent educated Sikh of • the older generation who had not, at one time or other, been connected with this great institution. All the Sikh Princes, "* including the Maharajas of Patiala, Kapurthala, Nabha, Faridkot and Jind are closely associated with it and are counted among its chief patrons. The flickering torch of reli­ gious, social and political life among the Sikhs that was be­ coming dimmer and dimmer every day after the fall of the Sikh empire, has not only been kept burning by the Khalsa College, but it has contributed floods of light and learning to the remotest and dark corners of the country and has helped to raise the Sikh community to its present enviable position in the field of education and social uplift. With the loss of their empire, a degeneration had set in among the Sikhs. Fearful of the suspicious attitude of Lheir new British rulers, the Sikh Sardars not only disowned large! tracts of land to avoid arrests and exile, but some of them « relaxed in their external identification with their orthodox brothers-in-faith and began to sink back into the observance oi iices the roots of which had ramifications in the supersti- I tious ritual of ages. This had an adverse effect on the general mass of the Sikhs in the villages where most of their popula­ tion was concentrated. Some appreciable effort at rescuing the Sikh community from this state of affairs was made by the leaders of the Namdhari, also called the Kooka, movement, particularly by Baba Ram Singh of Bhaini, whose missionary and proselytising activities created a healthy stir among the Sikhs during the sixties of the last century. But his followers soon drifted into a schismatic sect and his labours could not be fruitful to the fullest extent. The movement itself came to be suppressed in January, 1872, when some of the over-zealous Kookas got out of control and, much against the wishes of Baba Ram Singh, created an unpleasant situation. This gave a handle to the local British officials; and sixty two Kookas were blown away from the guns by Mr. Cowan, the Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana, and Mr. (afterwards Sir) Douglas Forsyth, Commissioner of the Ambala Division. Baba Ram Singh himself, with ten of his trusted lieutenants, v r 2 was exiled from the Punjab. However, the flame lightened by Baba Ram Singh could not be extinguished. It shone with greater brilliancy in the successes of the Singh Sabha move­ ment in the field of religious, social and educational advance­ ment of the Sikhs. The first Singh Sabha was established in 1873 at Amritsar. The immediate direct cause of establishing the Singh Sabha was the idea of counteracting the evil effect of disparaging and derogatory remarks against Sikh religion and Gurus made by one Shardha Ram Philauri who delivered a series of lectures in the Guru-ka-Bagh at Amritsar. The \ establishment of the Singh Sabha at Amritsar verily marked » the beginning of a revivalist movement, which, in course of time, brought an awakening amongst the Sikhs. The objects of the Singh Sabha, Amritsar, were :— (i) To restore Sikhism to its pristine purity; (ii) to edit and publish historical and religious books ; (iii) to propagate current knowledge, using Panjabi as medium, and to start magazines and newspapers in Panjabi ; (iv) to reform and bring into the Sikh fold those who had diverged from the right path through heresy, anti-social activity or political bias; (v) to interest the highly placed Englishmen in, and * ensure their association with, the educational programme of the Singh Sabha, and (vi) to cultivate loyalty to the Crown. This programme of the Singh Sabha was launched in 1373. It carried with it a tiny potential seed of high germi­ nating value which, in course of time, weathering all storms of prejudices, controversies, rifts and schisms, fructified. In the educational field it yielded the finest result in the rearing up of the grand edifice of the Khalsa College and all that it stands for. The founders of the Singh Sabha at Amritsar included such names as Bhai Harsa Singh Dhupia, Bhai Bur Singh, Bhai Agya Singh Hakim, Gyani Hazara Singh, S. Thakur > Singh Sandhanwalia, and Giani Gian Singh. The influence of the Singh Sabha Amritsar gradually spread all over the province. By its impact the Oriental College of Lahore yielded to the demand of including the teaching of Punjabi in the curriculum of its studies. This was a signal success, the credit of which goes primarily to S. Aya Singh of Amritsar. : 3 This had repercussions in other directions too. Bhai Gurmukh Singh, an Assistant professor in the Oriental College, Lahore, was attracted to and stimulated by the activities of the Singh Sabha. He was a dynamic personality, shaped to put in heroic endeavours and destined to achieve brilliant results. In 1879, through the efforts of Bhai Gurmukh Singh, the Lahore Singh Sabha was established. It adopted identi­ cally the same objects as the Amritsar Sabha, though its work­ ing programme was slightly different. 1 The two sabhas worked independently for one year. Later a joint Board under the name of General Sabha was set up at Amritsar, of which the Lahore Sabha became a branch. The joint Board ultimately was replaced by the Khalsa Dewan, Amritsar, which became the central organisation to affiliate the Singh Sabhas, which had begun to spring up throughout the province, and to coordinate their work. Till 1886 the work went on very smoothly. This period saw the great activity of the Khalsa Dewan carried out with missionary zeal. It witnessed the opening of a charitable hospital at Amritsar, and schools at Amritsar, Sialkot and Lahore. All local centres began to react in a wholesome manner. Thus a great wave of enthusiasm was generated, and it began to yield tangible results of social uplift, particu- 4 larly at places like Rawalpindi, Ferozepore, Simla, Jullundur, Ludhiana, Kapurthala and Faridkot. It also witnessed Pun­ jabi Journalism striking roots deep in the native soil, and the Sikh press shaping out into an active instrument for creating and mobilising the public opinion. By this time, i.e., from 1873 to 1886, more than half a dozen papers of this category had made their appearance, though some of them only in a dilettantish way, the notable amongst these being: the Sukabi Subodlwii, Amritsar (1875), the Akal Parkash, Amritsar (1876), the Gurmukhi Akhbar, Lahore (1880), the Khalsa Prakash, Lahore (1884), the Shri Gurmat Prakash, Rawal­ pindi (1885), the Panjab Darpan, Amritsar (1885), the Khalsa Akhbar, Lahore (1886), and the Vidyarak* Lahore. *The fourth issue of the paper dated April, 1886, carried the follow­ ing notice about suspending its publication. Sarb sajnon ko widat ho ki eh patar University Punjab hi or se nikalta tha, prantu dev-net se ab ych takhfif men a gia hai, so je ho saka to yeh age niklega, nahin to sarb sajnon ko Siri Wahiguru ji ka Khalsa Siri Wahiguru ji ki Fateh. During this period the sentiment in favour of the Panjabi language for use in schools was growing strong. The activity at Amritsar sharply focussed its attention on this point and was very successful in mobilising the public opinion in this regard. In 1882 thousands of signatures were secured in order to sub­ mit an effective memorial to the Government in favour of Pun­ jabi in Gurmukhi script for use in village schools. A little later* on behalf of the Khalsa, a letter was sent to Doctor Hunter, President, Education Commission, Simla, expressing gratitude for the concession conceded in favour of Punjabi in the curriculum of School studies. The early workers of the Singh Sabha movement had recognised the co-relation of religious reform with the spread of education in general and | the propagation of the Punjabi language in particular. In the history of the above period, the year 1883 is parti­ cularly significant, as it saw the General Sabha of Amritsar (controlling as it did the Singh Sabha of Lahore and Amrit­ sar) reconstituting itself into a greater organisation of the Khalsa Dewan, Amritsar, and adopting a highly developed constitution.
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