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Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Lampeni (Ardisia Elliptica Thunb.) Terhadap Tikus Sprague Dawley Yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ)

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Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Lampeni (Ardisia Elliptica Thunb.) Terhadap Tikus Sprague Dawley Yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ) AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN LAMPENI (Ardisia elliptica Thunb.) TERHADAP TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ) MUHAMAD AMIN PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 M / 1439 H AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN LAMPENI (Ardisia elliptica Thunb.) TERHADAP TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ) SKRIPSI Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains pada Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta MUHAMAD AMIN 1113095000009 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 M / 1439 H Scanned by CamScanner ABSTRAK MUHAMAD AMIN. Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Lampeni (Ardisia elliptica Thunb.) Terhadap Tikus Sprague Dawley yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ). Program Studi Biologi. Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi. Universitas Islam Negri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Dibimbing oleh Dr. Kurnia Agustini, M. Si. Apt. dan drh. R. R. Bhintarti Suryohastari, M. Biomed. 2017. Senyawa aktif yang ada pada daun lampeni adalah α dan β-amyrin. Pada penelitian sebelumnya α dan β-amyrin merupakan senyawa aktif yang telah teruji dapat mencegah terjadinya hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun lampeni terhadap pankreas tikus Sprague Dawley yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak (PTL) dan diinduksi streptozotocin (STZ) dengan menganalisis secara statistik melalui pengukuran kadar glukosa dan jumlah sel β. Penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan ekstraksi daun lampeni menggunakan etanol food grade 70% sebagai pelarut. Melalui proses ekstraksi didapatkan sebanyak 210 g ekstrak kental yang kemudian ekstrak tersebut diujikan terhadap tikus Sprague Dawley yang telah dinyatakan hiperglikemia melalui pemberian PTL dan induksi STZ. Tikus Sprague Dawley dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan, tiap kelompok terdiri dari lima tikus, yaitu kelompok normal (KN), negatif (K(–)), positif (K(+)), dosis 1 (D1), dosis 2 (D2), dan dosis 3 (D3). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelompok D3 memiliki persentase penurunan kadar glukosa puasa tertinggi yaitu sebesar 39%, akan tetapi berdasarkan analisis statistik Kruskal-Wallis nilai tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan D1 dan D2 yang memiliki persentase penurunan sebesar 22% dan 28% (P<0,05) sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pemberian ekstrak pada D1 lebih baik karena dengan dosis yang lebih rendah mampu memberikan efek yang sama dengan perlakuan D2 dan D3. Pemberian ekstrak daun lampeni juga menunjukan peningkatan jumlah sel β sebesar 48% pada kelompok D1, 53% pada D2, dan 37% pada D3. Berdasarkan anlisis statistik Kruskal-Wallis, kelompok perlakuan D1, D2, dan D3 tidak berbeda bermakna dengan KN (P<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun lampeni mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa pada tikus Sprague Dawley yang mengalami DM tipe 2 secara berbeda bermakna (P<0,05) mulai dosis 3 (400 mg/kg BB) pada hari ke-10 dan mampu meningkatkan jumlah sel β secara berbeda bermakna (P<0,05) mulai dosis 1 (100 mg/kg BB). Kata kunci : Hiperglikemia, Ardisisa elliptica, Pakan Tinggi lemak, Streptozotocin ABSTRACT MUHAMAD AMIN. Activities of Lampeni Leaves Extract (Ardisia elliptica Thunb.) on Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Streptozotocin. Biology Study Program. Faculty of Science and Technology. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. Guided by Dr. Kurnia Agustini, M. Si. Apt. and drh. R. R. Bhintarti Suryohastari, M. Biomed. 2017. The active compounds of Lampeni leaves is α and β-amyrin. In previous studies α and β-amyrin are active compounds that have been tested to prevent the occurrence of hyperglycemia. The aim of this research is to know the activity of lampeni leaves extract to pancreas of Sprague Dawley rats with high fat diet (PTL) and induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on statistically analyzing through measurement of glucose level and β cell count. This research was started by extraction of lampeni leaves using ethanol food grade 70% as solvent. Through the extraction process, 210 g of extract is obtained and then the extract was tested to the Sprague Dawley rats that have been hyperglycemia with induced by STZ. The Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six treatment groups, each group consisting of five mice, the normal group (KN), negative (K (–)), positive (K (+)), dose 1 (D1), dose 2 (D2), and dose 3 (D3). The research showed that D3 group had the highest percentage of decreasing in fasting glucose level of 39%, However, based on Kruskal-Wallis statistic analysis, it was not significantly different with D1 and D2 which had a decreasing percentage of 22% and 28% (P <0,05) so it can be said that the provision of extract at D1 better than D2 and D3. Other results showed enhancement number of β cells amount 48% in D1 groups, 53% in D2 groups, and 37% in D3 groups. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis, D1, D2, and D3 did not differ significantly with KN (P <0.05). This study concluded that the lampeni leaves extract was able to decrease glucose level in Sprague Dawley rats with DM type 2 significantly (P<0,05) start on dose 3 (400 mg/kg BB) at 10th day and was able to increase the number of β cells significantly (P<0,05) start on dose 1 (100 mg/kg). Key word: Hyperglycemia, Ardisia elliptica, High Fat Diet, Streptozotocin KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, segala puji bagi Allah SWT. Maha Pemberi Rahmat dan senantiasa memberikan rezeki kepada semua makhluk-Nya tanpa terkecuali, yang juga telah memberikan kemudahan bagi penulis dalam menulis serta menyusun skripsi ini. Shalawat dan salam semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulallah Muhammad SAW. beserta keluarga, sahabat, dan para pengikutnya. Penulisan skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana (S1) dalam Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dengan judul “Aktivtas Ekstrak Daun Lampeni (Ardisia elliptica Thunb.) terhadap Tikus Sprague Dawley yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ)”. Penyelesaian skripsi ini didukung oleh berbagai pihak baik dukungan moril maupun materil, untuk itu dalam kesempatan kali ini penulis berterimakasih kepada: 1. Kedua Orang tua dan Kakak-kakak saya tercinta yang telah memberikan do’a dan dukungannya kepada penulis. 2. Dr. Agus Salim, M.Si. selaku Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Dr. Dasumiati, M.Si. selaku Kepala Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 4. Dr. Kurnia Agustini, M.Si.Apt. & drh. R. R. Bhintarti Suryohastari, M. Biomed. selaku pembimbing penelitian yang berkenan membimbing dan memberikan arahan kepada penulis. 5. Ustadz Taslimun, M. A. yang telah menjadi orang tua asuh bagi penulis dalam menempuh pendidikan di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. iv v 6. Seluruh dosen yang telah mendidik penulis selama menuntut ilmu di Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 7. Para pembimbing lapangan (Bu Sri Ningsih, Bu Idah, Bang Julham, Mas Ari, dan Mba Hami) yang telah membantu dan membimbing penulis dalam menyelesaikan penelitian di Laboratorium Farmakologi LAPTIAB. 8. Rekan-rekan Antidiabetes Squad (Maulana Malik A, Kartika Putri R, dan Endah Mardhekawati) yang telah membantu dan memberikan dukungan kepada penulis selama penelitian di Laboratorium Farmakologi LAPTIAB. 9. Sahabat terbaik saya Reza Malik, Wahyu Putro, dan Ade Prasetyo yang telah memberikan pelajaran hidup dan arti penting sebuah persahabatan serta selalu menolong ataupun membantu kebutuhan penulis. 10. Kepada seluruh keluarga besar organisasi ataupun komunitas yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman baru kepada penulis, Oase Corner, Menwa UIN Jakarta, Dapur Seni, Himbio Oryza sativa, KKN Cocos nucifera dan Gerakan Banten Mengajar. 11. Teman-teman Resimen Mahasiswa angkatan Nusantara dan juga teman-teman Biologi 2013 yang telah memberikan doa dan dukungan kepada penulis. Demikianlah hasil penelitian ini disusun, semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai ilmu dan sumber pengetahuan bagi para pembaca khususnya para mahasiswa/i Universitas Islam Negri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, Januari 2018 Muhamad Amin DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xi BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 3 1.3 Hipotesis ............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 3 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 4 1.6 Kerangka Berpikir ............................................................................... 4 BAB 2
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