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Inventario De Plagas Y Enfermedades En Viveros Forestales En Costa Rica
Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú (Enero-Junio, 2021) 18 (42): 17-29 DOI: 10.18845/rfmk.v16i42.5543 Inventario de plagas y enfermedades en viveros forestales en Costa Rica Review of pests and diseases in forest nurseries in Costa Rica Marcela Arguedas Gamboa1 • María Rodríguez-Solís1 • Jaume Cots Ibiza2 • Adrián Martínez Araya3 Recibido: 24/4/2020 Aceptado: 6/8/2020 Publicado: 17/12/2020 Abstract Forest nurseries are the sites of intensive plant production for reforestation and arboriculture programs, which must be of high quality and free from pests and diseases. A sanitary evaluation was carried out in seven forest nurseries in Costa Rica, to prepare the diagnosis of phytosanitary problems. 15 species of insects were diagnosed, 44 of pathogens and 5 of mites, in a total of 80 forest species under production. At the apex, the most important damages are caused by the borer Hypsipila grandella and the cutter Trigona sp. and as pathogens Botrytis sp., Cylindrocladium sp. and Phomopsis sp.; in the foliage, by the insects Eulepte concordalis, Dictyla monotropidia and Austropuccinia psidii, Colletotrichum spp., Dothistroma septosporum, Melampsoridium alni, Oidium sp., Olivea tectonae, and Phyllachora balansae as pathogens. These problems are described and the principles and practices contemplated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are recommended for their control. Key words: Seedlings, pathogens, insects, mites, phytosanitary diagnosis. 1. Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago Costa Rica; [email protected], [email protected] 2. BC Fertilis, Valencia, España; [email protected] 3. Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, Cartago, Costa Rica; [email protected] 17 Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú (Enero-Junio, 2021) 18 (42): 17-29 Resumen [8], [9]. -
Seed Ecology Iii
SEED ECOLOGY III The Third International Society for Seed Science Meeting on Seeds and the Environment “Seeds and Change” Conference Proceedings June 20 to June 24, 2010 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Editors: R. Pendleton, S. Meyer, B. Schultz Proceedings of the Seed Ecology III Conference Preface Extended abstracts included in this proceedings will be made available online. Enquiries and requests for hardcopies of this volume should be sent to: Dr. Rosemary Pendleton USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station Albuquerque Forestry Sciences Laboratory 333 Broadway SE Suite 115 Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 87102-3497 The extended abstracts in this proceedings were edited for clarity. Seed Ecology III logo designed by Bitsy Schultz. i June 2010, Salt Lake City, Utah Proceedings of the Seed Ecology III Conference Table of Contents Germination Ecology of Dry Sandy Grassland Species along a pH-Gradient Simulated by Different Aluminium Concentrations.....................................................................................................................1 M Abedi, M Bartelheimer, Ralph Krall and Peter Poschlod Induction and Release of Secondary Dormancy under Field Conditions in Bromus tectorum.......................2 PS Allen, SE Meyer, and K Foote Seedling Production for Purposes of Biodiversity Restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado Region Can Be Greatly Enhanced by Seed Pretreatments Derived from Seed Technology......................................................4 S Anese, GCM Soares, ACB Matos, DAB Pinto, EAA da Silva, and HWM Hilhorst -
Flexible Mating System in a Logged Population of Swietenia Macrophylla King (Meliaceae): Implications for the Management of a Threatened Neotropical Tree Species
Plant Ecol (2007) 192:169–179 DOI 10.1007/s11258-007-9322-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Flexible mating system in a logged population of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae): implications for the management of a threatened neotropical tree species Maristerra R. Lemes Æ Dario Grattapaglia Æ James Grogan Æ John Proctor Æ Roge´rio Gribel Received: 21 February 2007 / Accepted: 22 May 2007 / Published online: 19 June 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Microsatellites were used to evaluate the crossed matings and that the remaining 6.75% had mating system of the remaining trees in a logged genotypes consistent with self-fertilisation. Apomixis population of Swietenia macrophylla, a highly valu- could be ruled out, since none of the 400 seedlings able and threatened hardwood species, in the Brazil- analysed had a multi-locus genotype identical to ian Amazon. A total of 25 open pollinated progeny its mother tree. The high estimate of the multi-locus arrays of 16 individuals, with their mother trees, were outcrossing rate (tm = 0.938 ± 0.009) using the mixed genotyped using eight highly polymorphic microsat- mating model also indicated that the population in ellite loci. Genotypic data analysis from the progeny this remnant stand of S. macrophylla was predomi- arrays showed that 373 out of the 400 seedlings nantly allogamous. The relatively large difference (93.25%) were unambiguously the result of out- between the multi-locus and single-locus outcrossing estimates (tmÀts = 0.117 ± 0.011) provides evidence that, in spite of the high outcrossing rate, a consid- & M. R. Lemes ( ) Á R. -
Development of Nuclear SNP Markers for Mahogany (Swietenia Spp.)
Conservation Genetics Resources (2020) 12:585–587 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-020-01162-8 TECHNICAL NOTE Development of nuclear SNP markers for Mahogany (Swietenia spp.) Birte Pakull1 · Lasse Schindler1 · Malte Mader1 · Birgit Kersten1 · Celine Blanc‑Jolivet1 · Maike Paulini1 · Maristerra R. Lemes2 · Sheila E. Ward3 · Carlos M. Navarro4 · Stephen Cavers5,8 · Alexandre M. Sebbenn6 · Omar di Dio6 · Erwan Guichoux7 · Bernd Degen1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 / Published online: 12 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Swietenia species are the most valuable American tropical timbers and have been heavily overexploited for decades. The three species are listed as either vulnerable or endangered by IUCN and are included on Appendix II of CITES, yet illegal exploitation continues. Here, we used restriction associated DNA sequencing to develop a new set of 120 SNP markers for Swietenia sp., suitable for MassARRAY®iPLEX™ genotyping. These markers can be used for population genetic studies and timber tracking purposes. Keywords SNPs · Mahogany · Swietenia spp. · MassARRAY®iPLEX™ The genus Swietenia includes the species: Swietenia mahag- commercially because of past overexploitation, S. macro- oni (L.) Jacq. (Small-leaved mahogany, native to Florida phylla is now the most valuable and economically important and the Caribbean islands), Swietenia macrophylla King. American tropical timber (Louppe et al. 2008). Swietenia (Big-leaved mahogany, native to Central and South Amer- wood is used for high-class furniture, boat building, musical ica) and Swietenia humilis Zucc. (Pacifc Coast mahogany, instruments etc. All three mahogany species are listed on native to the relatively dry Central American Pacifc coast) CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered (Schütt et al. -
Guaiacum Sanctum: Lignum Vitae1 Edward F
ENH445 Guaiacum sanctum: Lignum Vitae1 Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean2 Introduction Uses: tree lawn 3–4 feet wide; tree lawn 4–6 feet wide; tree lawn > 6 ft wide; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); parking lot Lignum vitae is an extremely slow-growing broadleaf island < 100 sq ft; parking lot island 100–200 sq ft; parking evergreen which ultimately reaches 30 feet in height and lot island > 200 sq ft; container or planter; specimen; deck casts light shade, but few people have seen plants of this or patio; Bonsai; highway median size because it is not grown in the trade. Most are seen 8 to 12 feet tall with a beautiful array of multiple trunks and a rounded canopy much like that of a mature crape-myrtle. The one to two-inch-long, leathery, dark green leaves are joined at many times throughout the year by the production of large clusters of bluish purple flowers, the old flowers fading to a light silvery-blue and creating a shimmering haze over the rounded canopy. These flowers are followed by small, heart-shaped, yellow orange berries, appearing on the tree at the same time as the bluish purple flowers and creating a lovely sight. General Information Figure 1. Full Form—Guaiacum sanctum: Lignum vitae Scientific name: Guaiacum sanctum Description Pronunciation: GWY-uh-kum SANK-tum Height: 10 to 30 feet Common name(s): Lignum vitae, holywood, tree of life Spread: 8 to 12 feet Family: Zygophyllaceae Crown uniformity: symmetrical USDA hardiness zones: 10B through 11 (Figure 2) Crown shape: round, vase Origin: native to Florida, the West Indies, Mexico, and Crown density: dense Central America Growth rate: slow UF/IFAS Invasive Assessment Status: native Texture: fine 1. -
Is Guaiacum Sanctum Effective Against Arthritis? an Ethnobotany
Is Guaiacum sanctum Effective Against Arthritis? An Ethnobotany Case by Eric Ribbens, Barbra Burdett, and Angela Green Department of Biological Science Western Illinois University Part I—Anecdotal Evidence Dr. Beth Tonoany is a tropical population ecologist who has been studying an unusual tree, Guaiacum sanctum, which once grew throughout the dry tropical forests of Central America as well as on some of the Caribbean islands. Guaiacum sanctum produces a wood called lignum vitae, and is known in Costa Rica and other Spanish-speaking countries as guayacan reál. The wood is extremely heavy because it contains extensive deposits of resin (Howes, 1949) and it will sink if placed in water (Wilson and Eisner, 1968). During World War I and II it was extensively harvested for use in the ship-building industry because the wood, which does not split easily, is self- lubricating due to its high resin content. The wood is very durable, and was in high demand for constructing bearing sleeves to support ship propellor Figure 1: Seeds of shafts (Scurlock, 1987). It has also been used for making railroad ties Guaiacum sanctum (Woods, 1951). Dr. Tonoany has been studying one of the last remaining populations of lignum vitae in the Palo Verde Nature Preserve in northwestern Costa Rica. Probably fewer than 100 trees remain in Costa Rica, most in the Palo Verde Nature Preserve. Her research has included tracking seedlings and saplings, locating and measuring adult trees, and interviewing some of the local Ticos to learn about the tree’s past history in Costa Rica. The tree, while rare now due to the dramatic conversion of tropical deciduous forest in Costa Rica into pasturelands and to selective logging of the tree for its valuable wood, was once more common, and many of the older Ticos remember that the saplings were used to make cattle switches because of the strong flexible wood in the saplings. -
Phytochemical Diversity of Insect Defenses in Tropical and Temperate Plant Families
Cambridge University Press 0521792754 - Advances in Insect Chemical Ecology - Edited by Ring T. Carde and Jocelyn G. Millar Excerpt More information 1 Phytochemical diversity of insect defenses in tropical and temperate plant families John T. Arnason, Gabriel Guillet and Tony Durst Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Canada Phytochemical diversity and redundancy One of the most intriguing features of the chemical ecology of plant–insect interac- tions is the remarkable number of different phytochemical defenses found in plants. A single plant may contain five or six biosynthetic groups of secondary metabolites and within each group these defenses may include many structurally related analogs and derivatives. Across the different species of higher plants, there is a bewilder- ing array of different substances and modes of actions of substances. During the course of our research on phytochemical defenses in specific plant families, we have become interested in the raison d’ˆetrefor this diversity, as have many other researchers (Romeo et al., 1996). How much do we know about different types of defenses in plants? How did they arise? Are some of these secondary metabolites “redundant,” with no function? How do they interact with one another? In this chapter, we will address some of these issues with observations on the defenses of several plant families against insects, using results from our own research and the published literature. In general, we do not have a comprehensive picture of the different types of defenses in plants. Over a decade ago, Soejarto and Farnsworth (1989) esti- mated that of the 250 000 species of flowering plants, only 5000 species had been thoroughly investigated according to the Natural Product Alert (NAPRALERT) database, leaving 98% of species with potential for phytochemical discovery. -
44965908014.Pdf
Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Balza, Ulises; De Gouvenain, Roland C. Evaluación de veinte años de Lignum-vitae (Guaiacum sanctum, Zygophyllaceae) en el Parque Nacional Palo Verde de Costa Rica Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 67, núm. 6, 2019, pp. 1269-1277 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67I6.38338 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965908014 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Twenty-year assessment of Lignum-vitae (Guaiacum sanctum, Zygophyllaceae) in the Palo Verde National Park of Costa Rica Ulises Balza1 & Roland C. de Gouvenain*2 1. Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Vida Silvestre. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC- CONICET) Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, Argentina; [email protected], [email protected] 2. Rhode Island College; Department of Biology; 600 Mount Pleasant Avenue, Providence, RI 02908; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 14-VII-2019. Corrected 12-IX-2019. Accepted 20-IX-2019. ABSTRACT. Introduction: The Lignum-vitae (Guaiacum sanctum; Zygophyllaceae), of Mesoamerica and the Greater Antilles, is threatened over much of its range. We evaluated whether a G. sanctum population in the Palo Verde National Park of Costa Rica is viable in the long term. Methods: Using two demographic studies, one in 1997 and the other in 2017, we estimated survival and fecundity rates for each tree age class, population growth rate (lambda), and vital rates elasticity, and we used a density-independent deterministic population model to project the long-term trend of that population. -
Hypsipyla Shoot Borers in Meliaceae
Hypsipyla Shoot Borers in Meliaceae Proceedings of an International Workshop held at Kandy, Sri Lanka 20–23 August 1996 Editors: R.B. Floyd and C. Hauxwell Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra, 2001 i The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR PROCEEDINGS This series of publications includes the full proceedings of research workshops or symposia organised or supported by ACIAR. Numbers in this series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and scientific institutions. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601 Floyd, R.B. and Hauxwell, C., ed. 2001. Hypsipyla Shoot Borers in Meliaceae. Proceedings of an International Workshop, Kandy, Sri Lanka 20–23 August 1996. ACIAR Proceedings No. 97, 189pp. ISBN 0 642 45621 6 (print) ISBN 0 642 45624 0 (electronic) Editorial management: P.W. Lynch Production editing: PK Editorial Services Pty Ltd, Brisbane Typesetting, page layout and illustrations: Sun Photoset Pty Ltd, Brisbane Printing: Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne ii CONTENTS Foreword v Country Reports Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Sri Lanka D. Tilakaratna 3 Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in India R.V. Varma 7 Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Bangladesh M.W. Baksha 10 Hypsipyla Shoot Borers of Meliaceae in Philippines E.B. -
Population Genetic Structure of Mahogany (Swietenia Macrophylla
Molecular Ecology (2003) 12,2875-2883 doi: 10.1046/j.l365-294X.2003.01950.x Population genetic structure of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) across the Brazilian Amazon, based on variation at microsatellite loci: implications for conservation MARISTERRA R. LEMES,*t ROGERIO GRIBEL,*JOHN PROCTORt and DARIO GRATTAPAGLIAJ§ *Laboratorio de Genetica e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas, Institute) National de Pesquisas da Amazonia, C.P. 478, 69011-970 Manaus-AM, Brazil, ^Department of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK, \haboraiorio de Genetica de Plantas, EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, C.P. 02372, 70770-900 Brastlia-DF, Brazil, %Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Genomica, Pos-Graduaqao em Ciencias Genomicas, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, SGAN 916 Mod. B, Asa Norte, 70790-160, Brasilia-DF, Brazil Abstract Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla, Meliaceae) is the most valuable and intensively exploited Neotropical tree. No information is available regarding the genetic structure of mahogany in South America, yet the region harbours most of the unlogged populations of this prized hardwood. Here we report on the genetic diversity within and the differentiation among seven natural populations separated by up to 2100 km along the southern arc of the Brazilian Amazon basin. We analysed the variation at eight microsatellite loci for 194 adult individuals. All loci were highly variable, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 13 to 27 (mean = 18.4). High levels of genetic diversity were found for all populations at the eight loci (mean ffE = 0.781, range 0.754-0.812). We found moderate but statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations considering both estimators of FST and RST, 9 = 0.097 and p = 0.147, respectively. -
Guaiacum Sanctum Country – MEXICO Original Language – English
NDF WORKSHOP CASE STUDIES WG 1 – Trees CASE STUDY 7 Guaiacum sanctum Country – MEXICO Original language – English NON-DETRIMENT FINDINGS REPORT ON GUAIACUM SANCTUM IN MEXICO AUTHORS: Leonel López-Toledo David F.R.P. Burslem Miguel Martínez-Ramos Alejandra García-Naranjo I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE TAXA 1. BIOLOGICAL DATA 1.1. Scientific and common names Guaiacum sanctum, Linnaeus (1753). Most authors identify four or six species in the genus Guaiacum. Four different synonyms have been recognized for G. sanctum: 1.Guaiacum multijugum Stokes (1812). 2.Guaiacum guatemalense Planch. ex Vail & Rydberg likely to be an hybrid between G. sanctum and G. coulteri (Porter 1972). 3. Guaiacum sloanei Shuttl. ex A. Gray (Gray 1897, Vail & Rydberg 1910). 4.Guaiacum verticale Orteg. (Gray 1897, Vail & Rydberg 1910). Guaiacum sanctum is commonly called lignum vitae in English, and guayacan or palo santo in Spanish. Guaiacum coulteri, a very similar species to G. sanctum, is also called guayacan or lignum vitae. 1.2. Distribution Guaiacum sanctum is found in Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, the United States (Florida), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, Honduras, El Salvador, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks & Caicos Islands. In some of these countries, G. sanctum has become endangered or is virtually extinct. The Mexican populations cover a greater portion of the species’ natural range than those in any other country. There is no data available for the global population. However, a worldwide analysis of the tropical dry forest estimated a remaining range of 131,087 km2 for North and Central America including Mexico. In general this coincides with presence information of G. -
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Ehtnobotanical Plants for Rheumatism
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Ehtnobotanical Plants for Rheumatism Ehnobotanical Plant Common Names Abelmoschus moschatus Muskus; Zatakasturika; Mushk Dana; Ambercicegi; Ambrette; Moskus; Abelmosco; Moschus; Musk Mallow; Kasturi Dana; Kapas Hantu; Bisam Eibisch Abies sibirica Abrus precatorius Peonia De St Tomas; Rosary Pea; Cain Ghe; Peonia; Paternoster; Reglisse; Graines Reglisse; Pois Rouge; Weesboontje; Rakat; Jequerit; Liane Reglisse; Gunchi; Hint Meyankoku; Hung Tou; Ma Liao Tou; To-Azuki; Paratella Abutilon indicum Kemband sore (Eve. expandng fl; Kembang sore (Eve. expandng fl Acacia farnesiana Cuji; Kembang nagasiri; Esponjeira; Kambang japun; Kembang bandira; Tusca Acacia pennata Willd.; Rigot; Rembete Acaena sanguisorbae Acampe wightiana Acanthopanax gracilistylus Acanthopanax spinosum Wu Chia; Wu Chia P'I; Wu Chia P'I Chiu Acanthospermum humile Mala Mujer; Feuilles Hareng; L'Indigene; Dessalines Acanthus ilicifolius Daruju; Lao Shu Le Achillea millefolium Cickafarkkoro; Rollike; Tlalquequetzal; Schafgarbe; Duizendblad; Millefoglio; Rolleka; Rojmari; Millefeuille; Yarrow; Millefolium; Milefolio; Biranjasif; Milenrama; Civanpercemi Achyranthes aspera Jarongan; Feuilles La Fievre; Rarai; Apamarga; Santypite; Chaff Tree; Rabo De Gato Achyranthes bidentata Niu Hsi Chiu; Soei in soei in taloen; Niu Hsi; Too-Inokozuti Aconitum carmichaeli Sinatori-Kabuto Aconitum ferox Aconito Feroz; Lang Tu T'Ou; Lang Tu Aconitum kusnezoffii Aconitum napellus Monk'Shood; Aconito Napello; European Monkshood; Duivelskruid; Uva