Chapter 9.2 II. Europe After the Fall of Rome 7.6.2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Chapter 9.2 II. Europe after the Fall of Rome 7.6.2 • Despite the efforts of the Christians to maintain order, Europe was a dangerous place after the fall of Rome. A. Christianity spread to northern Europe through the work of missionaries and monks. 1. After the fall of Rome, groups moved into Europe and divided the lands among themselves. The leaders of these groups called themselves kings. 2. The creation of kingdoms marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, a period lasting from 500 to 1500. Another name for this age is the medieval period. B. Spread of Christianity 1. The most powerful force that helped spread Christianity was the pope. 2. The pope sent missionaries, people who try to convert others to a particular religion, to Europe. 3. Some missionaries traveled great distances to spread Christianity. C. Monks 1. Monks were religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities. 2. Monks were very dedicated to their faith and spent time in prayer, work, and meditation. 3. Communities of monks, or monasteries, were built all over Europe. 4. Most European monasteries followed the rules created by Saint Benedict, an Italian monk. D. Influence of Monks 1. Although monks lived in isolated communities, they performed many services. 2. The monks gave aid to the poor and needy. 3. They ran schools and copied books. 4. The monks collected and saved writings from Greece and Rome. 5. Some monks served as scribes and advisers for local rulers. E. The Franks, led by Charlemagne, created a huge Christian empire and brought together scholars from around Europe. 1. As Christianity spread, political changes also took place. In the 480s a powerful group called the Franks conquered Gaul. Their influence would extend far beyond Gaul in the coming years. F. Charlemagne 1. Charlemagne came to power in the 700s. 2. He was the leader of the Franks. 3. Charlemagne was a fierce warrior and a strong king. 4. As a warrior, he conquered many kingdoms. 5. As a king, his reign included France, Germany, Austria, Italy, and northern Spain. G. Accomplishments of Charlemagne 1. He led the Franks in building a huge empire. 2. The pope crowned Charlemagne the king of the Holy Roman Empire. 3. He was a great administrator of schools. 4. Scholars were brought in during his reign to teach in his kingdom. H. Invaders threatened much of Europe in the 700s and 800s. 1. Many groups posed new threats to Europe. Invaders began to attack settlements all over the continent. I. Invaders of Europe 1. Muslims 2. Magyars 3. Vikings • Muslim armies • Magyars were • Vikings came poured into fierce warriors from Scandinavia southern France who swept into and raided and northern Europe, Britain, Ireland, Italy. attacking towns and western and destroying Europe. fields..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
[Show full text]
The Ruin of the Roman Empire
7888888888889 u o u o u o u THE o u Ruin o u OF THE o u Roman o u o u EMPIRE o u o u o u o u jamesj . o’donnell o u o u o u o u o u o u o hjjjjjjjjjjjk This is Ann’s book contents Preface iv Overture 1 part i s theoderic’s world 1. Rome in 500: Looking Backward 47 2. The World That Might Have Been 107 part ii s justinian’s world 3. Being Justinian 177 4. Opportunities Lost 229 5. Wars Worse Than Civil 247 part iii s gregory’s world 6. Learning to Live Again 303 7. Constantinople Deflated: The Debris of Empire 342 8. The Last Consul 364 Epilogue 385 List of Roman Emperors 395 Notes 397 Further Reading 409 Credits and Permissions 411 Index 413 About the Author Other Books by James J. O’ Donnell Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher preface An American soldier posted in Anbar province during the twilight war over the remains of Saddam’s Mesopotamian kingdom might have been surprised to learn he was defending the westernmost frontiers of the an- cient Persian empire against raiders, smugglers, and worse coming from the eastern reaches of the ancient Roman empire. This painful recycling of history should make him—and us—want to know what unhealable wound, what recurrent pathology, what cause too deep for journalists and politicians to discern draws men and women to their deaths again and again in such a place. The history of Rome, as has often been true in the past, has much to teach us.
[Show full text]
What the Hellenism: Did Christianity Cause a Decline of Th Hellenism in 4 -Century Alexandria?
What the Hellenism: Did Christianity cause a decline of th Hellenism in 4 -century Alexandria? Classics Dissertation Exam Number B051946 B051946 2 Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 2 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Problems with Evidence ......................................................................................................... 8 Pagan Topography and Demography......................................................................................... 9 Christian Topography .............................................................................................................. 19 Civic Power Structures ............................................................................................................ 29 Intellectualism .......................................................................................................................... 38 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 47 Bibliography of Primary Sources in Translation ..................................................................... 52 Figure Bibliography ................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Class 14 - Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Class 14 - Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi Old Testament Seminar - Immanuel Church Introduction Welcome to the final week of the Old Testament core seminar! As exciting as that is, of course, we are really only halfway to our goal. Our goal is to see the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ, and it’s in the New Testament where that light shines most brightly. And yet the glory of Christ shines differently in the Old Testament, doesn’t it? Perhaps less brightly, but more textured. And this background is critical to fully understanding the New Testament. So today, we’ll finish up with Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. And I’ll warn you, despite some amazing pictures of God’s final restoration in these books, there’s some pretty depressing themes as well. As we’ve been saying, it’s clear that while the exiles have returned to the land, nothing much seems to have changed. The spiritual exile continues. Esther asks why some of these people haven’t returned… and deals with some of the persecution they faced in exile. Haggai accuses the people of tragically misdirecting priorities. Zechariah describes signif- icant social sins. And Malachi points out corrupt teaching, divorce, hypocrisy, and immorality in both priests and leity. The physical exile has finished, but the real exile continues. So what are we going to do? Let’s begin with Esther. Esther On to Esther! Same time, different place. It’s now in the 480s/470s BC, half a century afterthe return of the first wave, but before Ezra’s return.
[Show full text]
Background: Studies of Greek Poetry Often Focus on Athens Because Many of the Best-Preserved Sources Were Written Almost Exclusively by and for Athenians
Myth, Locality, and Identity in Pindar’s Sicilian Odes • Background: Studies of Greek poetry often focus on Athens because many of the best-preserved sources were written almost exclusively by and for Athenians. However, Greek lyric poetry, which also was hugely influential in the fifth century, offers an important counterbalance to the dominant Athenian perspective. When celebrating Sicilian victors, the Theban poet Pindar adapted his poetic project to regional needs in th Sicily where the cities were populated in large part by Fig. 1 Map of 5 century BCE Sicily immigrants. Pindar, Pythian 12.1-6 for Midas of Akragas: Αἰτέω σε, φιλάγλαε, καλλίστα βροτεᾶν πολίων, Φερσεφόνας ἕδος, ἅ τ’ ὄχθαις ἔπι µηλοβότου • Hypothesis: Pindar’s Sicilian poems emphasize ναίεις Ἀκράγαντος ἐΰδµατον κολώναν, ὦ ἄνα, features of the natural landscape and weave traditional ἵλαος ἀθανάτων ἀνδρῶν τε σὺν εὐµενίᾳ Greek myths into descriptions of local physical spaces δέξαι στεφάνωµα τόδ’ ἐκ Πυθῶνος εὐδόξῳ Μίδᾳ to create a sense of civic identity for mixed αὐτόν τε νιν Ἑλλάδα νικάσαντα τέχνᾳ, populations. In the odes for Akragas, the local river and myths surrounding it became a central figure in I beseech you, lover of splendor, loveliest of mortals’ cities, Pindaric poetry and in other manifestations of civic abode of Persephone, you who dwell upon the well-built height above the banks of the Acragas, where sheep graze, O queen, ideology during the 480s-460s BCE, which may be a along with the good will of gods and men graciously result of the rise to power of the Emmenid rulers. receive this crown from Pytho offered by famous Midas (trans.
[Show full text]
Biological Characteristics and Population Status of Anadromous Salmon in South- East Alaska
United States Department of Agriculture Biological Characteristics Forest Service Pacific Northwest and Population Status of Research Station General Technical Anadromous Salmon in Report PNW-GTR-468 January 2000 Southeast Alaska Karl C. Halupka, Mason D. Bryant, Mary F. Willson, and Fred H. Everest Authors KARLC. HALUPKAwas a postdoctoral research associate at the time this work was done; and MASON D. BRYANTand FRED H. EVEREST(retired) are research fish- eries biologists and MARYF. WILLSON was a research ecologist, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801. Halupka currently is a fisheries biologist, National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Rosa, CA, and Willson is the science director, Great Lakes Program, The Nature Conservancy, Chicago, IL. Cover art by: Detlef Buettner Abstract Halupka, Karl C.; Bryant, Mason D.; Willson, Mary F.; Everest, Fred H. 2000. Biological characteristics and population status of anadromous salmon in south- east Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-468. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 255 p. Populations of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in southeast Alaska and adjacent areas of British Columbia and the Yukon Territory show great variation in biological characteristics. An introduction presents goals and methods common to the series of reviews of regional salmon diversity presented in the five subsequent chapters. Our primary goals were to (1) describe patterns of intraspecific variation and identify specific populations that were outliers from prevailing patterns, and (2) evaluate escapement trends and identify potential risk factors confronting salmon populations. We compiled stock-specific information primarily from management research con- ducted by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
[Show full text]
Information Sheet for Post-B.A/B.S. Students Seeking Secondary Social Studies Licensure
Information Sheet for Post-B.A/B.S. Students Seeking Secondary Social Studies Licensure ISU offers an ad hoc option for students who already hold a B.A. or B.S. in a social science field. Students must complete all education requirements set by the state of Iowa for licensure and complete any requirements necessary for social studies endorsements. Depending on the courses that students have taken for their Bachelor’s Degree, ISU’s requirements can usually be completed in 3-4 semesters, although this is contingent on the courses in students’ transcripts. If students have already completed individual courses and received the requisite grade, they will not have to repeat the course. For students who have taken courses at institutions other than Iowa State, please note that our program can make certain substitutions for the requirements below based on your transcripts. If you have questions, please contact the program coordinator. Educator Preparation Program (EPP) General Education Checklist – May Be Taken at Any Time: □ C I/EDUC 204 (3 cr.) – Social Foundations of Education in the United States □ SP ED 401 (3 cr.) – Teaching Secondary Students with Exceptionalities Educator Preparation Program Admission Prerequisite Checklist: □ Psychology 230 (3 cr.) – Developmental Psychology □ EDUC 280L (0.5 cr.) – Pre-Student Teaching Experience □ EDUC 219 (1 cr.) – Orientation to Teacher Education (Must be taken in conjunction with EDUC 280L) □ EDUC 203 (1 cr.) – A Connected World: Technology for Learning, Creating, and Collaborating □ Minimum cumulative
[Show full text]
OPTICAL INSIGHTS/CHROMA STANDARD FILTER PRICE LIST (US Dollars) [Updated March 15, 2004, Prices Effective Since January 1, 2004]
OPTICAL INSIGHTS/CHROMA STANDARD FILTER PRICE LIST (US dollars) [Updated March 15, 2004, prices effective since January 1, 2004] Customer EXCITATION FILTER SETS (for MICROSCOPE) Application Master Set* LIST Dichroic Filter Part # LIST Excitation Filter Part # LIST Chroma/OI Part # PRICE O.I. Chroma PRICE O.I. Chroma PRICE Coumarin/Oxynol FRET OI-01-EX $275 MS-430LD 430dclp $125 MS-405/20X D405/20x $150 BFP/GFP Dual EX/EM OI-02-EX $550 MS-51014BS 51014bs $275 MS-51014X 51014x $275 BFP/GFP FRET OI-03-EX $275 MS-420LD 420dclp $125 MS-380/30X D380/30x $150 CFP/YFP Dual EX/EM (or FRET w/ monochromator EX) OI-04-EX $550 MS-51017BS 51017bs $275 MS-51017X 51017x $275 CFP/YFP Dual EX/EM or FRET (w/ EX filter wheel) - JP4v2 (2 exciters) OI-04-SEX $625 MS-86002v2BS 86002v2bs $275 MS-430s/25X S430/25x $175 MS-500S/20X S500/20x $175 CFP/YFP Dual EX/EM or FRET (w/ 2 EX cubes) (2 BS and 2 exciters) OI-04-SEX2 $625 MS-455LD 455dclp $125 MS-430S/25X S430/25x $175 MS-515QLP Q515lp $150 MS-500S/20X S500/20x $175 CFP/YFP Dual EX/EM or FRET (w/ laser EX @442/514) (2 exciters) OI-04-SEXL1 $650 MS-442/514ZRPC z442/514rpc $300 MS-442Z/10X z442/10x $175 MS-514Z/10X z514/10x $175 CFP/YFP Dual EX/EM or FRET (w/ laser EX @457/514) (2 exciters) OI-04-SEXL2 $650 MS-457/514ZRPC z457/514rpc $300 MS-457Z/10X z457/10x $175 MS-514Z/10X z514/10x $175 CFP/YFP or Chameleon 2 FRET OI-05-EX $275 MS-455LD 455dclp $125 MS-436/20X D436/20x $150 Cy3/Cy5 Dual EX/EM OI-06-EX $550 MS-51007BS 51007bs $275 MS-51007X 51007x $275 Cy3/Cy5 Dual EX/EM or FRET (w/ laser EX @568/647) (2 exciters)
[Show full text]
Vandals, Ostrogoths and the Byzantine Footprints in Sicily: an Archaeological-Historical Review
Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry Vol. 19, No 2, (2019), pp. 51-61 Open Access. Online & Print. www.maajournal.com DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3066023 VANDALS, OSTROGOTHS AND THE BYZANTINE FOOTPRINTS IN SICILY: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL-HISTORICAL REVIEW Roksana Chowaniec Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw ([email protected]) Received: 16/04/2019 Accepted: 30/05/2019 ABSTRACT This paper presents the review of historical and archeological perspectives on Sicily in the period of Vandals and Ostrogoths invasions, and Byzantine reconquest of the island, and includes new research (excavations and surveys) and archaeological artefacts discovered recently on archaeological sites Akrai/Acrae in south- eastern Sicily. Sicily as the largest and centrally–located island on the Mediterranean Sea, rich in natural resources and playing a key role in political shuffles, was a natural crossroad of trading routes, a melting pot of diverse cultures. Therefore for many reasons it was a ring of various historical events, including Late Antiquity. Since end of 430 AD, after the Vandals conquered the lands of North Africa, island reentered the mainstream of history and became a disputed land and the main battlefield for the Vandals, Ostrogoths, and the Byzantine Empire, which did not leave its economy and population untouched. The political reshuffling and military actions were signalised in the literature mostly in the context of coastal towns of islands, but recent studies of material culture, settlement distribution and roads, show that it surely influenced the cultural landscape of the entire island. The paper also draws attention on the need to cross scientific disciplines (history and archaeology) which might be useful in solving elusive ancient problem and issues, in this case thanks to the archaeological material culture filling gaps in historical and written source sources associated with presence of Vandals, Ostrogoths and Byzantine Empire in Sicily, with particular interest of its interior.
[Show full text]
Social Studies Book 1
6th Grade Social Studies Book 1 For families who need academic support, please call 504-349-8999 Monday-Thursday • 8:00 am–8:00 pm Friday • 8:00 am–4:00 pm Available for families who have questions about either the online learning resources or printed learning packets. ow us you Sh r #JPSchoolsLove 6th-8th GRADE DAILY ROUTINE Examples Time Activity 6-8 8:00a Wake-Up and • Get dressed, brush teeth, eat breakfast Prepare for the Day 9:00a Morning Exercise • Exercises o Walking o Jumping Jacks o Push-Ups o Sit-Ups o Running in place High Knees o o Kick Backs o Sports NOTE: Always stretch before and after physical activity 10:00a Academic Time: • Online: Reading Skills o Plato (ELA) • Packet o Reading (one lesson a day) 11:00a Play Time Outside (if weather permits) 12:00p Lunch and Break • Eat lunch and take a break • Video game or TV time • Rest 2:00p Academic Time: • Online: Math Skills o Plato (Math) • Packet o Math (one lesson a day) 3:00p Academic • Puzzles Learning/Creative • Flash Cards Time • Board Games • Crafts • Bake or Cook (with adult) 4:00p Academic Time: • Independent reading Reading for Fun o Talk with others about the book 5:00p Academic Time: • Online Science and Social o Plato (Science and Social Studies) Studies Para familias que necesitan apoyo académico, por favor llamar al 504-349-8999 De lunes a jueves • 8:00 am – 8: 00 pm Viernes • 8:00 am – 4: 00 pm Disponible para familias que tienen preguntas ya sea sobre los recursos de aprendizaje en línea o los paquetes de aprendizaje impresos.
[Show full text]
Conference Booklet
The Oxford University Byzantine Society’s XXI International Graduate Conference Contested Heritage: Αdaptation, Restoration, and Ιnnovation in the Late Antique and Byzantine World 22nd-23rd February 2019 History Faculty, Oxford Was conceived and organised by Aikaterini Vavaliou (President) Callan Meynell (Secretary) Daniel Gallaher (Treasurer) And made possible through the generous support of The Oxford Centre for Byzantine Research www.ocbr.ox.ac.uk The Oxford Centre for Late Antiquity www.ocla.ox.ac.uk The Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies www.byzantium.ac.uk The Oxford Research Centre for Humanities (TORCH) www.torch.ox.ac.uk History Faculty, Oxford www.history.ox.ac.uk/home & Trinity College, Oxford www.trinity.ox.ac.uk Cover Image Credit: © Rochester Institute of Technology and Johns Hopkins University With thanks to the organising committee Chloé Agar Zarifa Alikperova Philip Atkins Mariia Diatlova Miranda Gronow Peter Guevara Joshua Hitt Mirela Ivanova Cory Johnson Blake Lorenz Raymond Ngoh Lorenzo Saccon Mathilde Sauquet Sofia Simões Coelho Sydney Taylor Yan Zaripov 2 3 Welcome The conference committee wishes you all a very warm welcome to the Oxford University Byzantine Society’s 21st International Graduate Conference. Byzantines considered themselves the legitimate heirs of the ancient world, a title they passionately defended against emerging empires east and west that also claimed he- reditary rights to the Graeco-Roman past. From the fostering of cultural, scientific, and literary revivals and the commissioning of projects that used a well-established artistic and architectural vocabulary to the collection, conservation and display of consecrated ancient artefacts, anachronism was a powerful political and cultural tool, frequently used to build analogies with either past prosperity or a divine eternity.
[Show full text]
From Romans to Goths and Franks
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV History Faculty Publications and Presentations College of Liberal Arts 2017 Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500-700: From Romans to Goths and Franks Erica Buchberger The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/hist_fac Part of the History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Buchberger, E. (2017). Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500–700: From Romans to Goths and Franks. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1pk3jrb This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Shifting Ethnic Identities in Spain and Gaul, 500-700: From Romans to Goths and Franks Erica Buchberger 1 Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7 Scholarly Tradition ...................................................................................................................... 8 Applying This Method ..............................................................................................................
[Show full text]