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Theodora, Aetius of Amida, and Procopius: Some Possible Connections John Scarborough
Theodora, Aetius of Amida, and Procopius: Some Possible Connections John Scarborough HEN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SOURCES speak of prostitutes’ expertise, they frequently address the Wquestion of how they managed to keep free from pregnancies. Anyone unschooled in botanicals that were con- traceptives or abortifacients might pose a question similar to that of an anonymous writer in twelfth-century Salerno who asks medical students: “As prostitutes have very frequent intercourse, why do they conceive only rarely?”1 Procopius’ infamous invective, describing the young Theodora’s skills in prostitution, contains a similar phrase: she “became pregnant in numerous instances, but almost always could expel instantly the results of her coupling.”2 Neither text specifies the manner of abortion or contraception, probably similar to those re- corded in the second century by Soranus of Ephesus (see be- low). Procopius’ deliciously scandalous narrative is questionable 1 Brian Lawn, The Prose Salernitan Questions (London 1970) B 10 (p.6): Que- ritur cum prostitute meretrices frequentissime coeant, unde accidat quod raro concipiant? 2 Procop. Anec. 9.19 (ed. Haury): καὶ συχνὰ µὲν ἐκύει, πάντα δὲ σχεδὸν τεχνάζουσα ἐξαµβλίσκειν εὐθὺς ἴσχυε, which can also be translated “She conceived frequently, but since she used quickly all known drugs, a mis- carriage was effected”; if τεχνάζουσα is the ‘application of a specialized skill’, the implication becomes she employed drugs that were abortifacients. Other passages suggestive of Procopius’ interests in medicine and surgery include Wars 2.22–23 (the plague, adapted from Thucydides’ description of the plague at Athens, with the added ‘buboes’ of Bubonic Plague, and an account of autopsies performed by physicians on plague victims), 6.2.14–18 (military medicine and surgery), and 1.16.7 (the infamous description of how the Persians blinded malefactors, reported matter-of-factly). -
CUHSLROG M105.Pdf (3.596Mb)
Dec 71 ARABIC MEDICINE Selected Readings Campbell D: Arabian medicine and its influence on the middle ages. (Vol. 1) WZ 70 Cl 87a 1926 Withington ET: Medical history from the earliest times. (reprint of 1894 edition) pp. 138-175 WZ 40 W824m 1964 Neuberger M: History of medicine. pp. 344-394 WZ 40 N478P 1910 Browne EG: Arabian medicine, being the Fitzpatrick Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians in November 1919 and November 192 0. WZ 51 B882a 1921 Elgood C: A medical history of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate from the earliest times until the year A. D. 1932. WZ 70 E41m 1951 Levey M: The medical formulary of Al-Samarqandi. QV 11 A165L 1967 Avicenna: Poem on medicine. WZ 220 A957K 1963 Rhazes: A treatise on the smallpox and measles. Tr. by W. A. Greenhill WZ 220 R468t 1848 (does not circulate) Maimonides: Two treatises on the regimen of health. WZ 220 M223B 1964 ~~"~ _______......W::..:..::Z..:....:~'---<vf,__L._4___..,;vJ......c..h~-----=--rt:i7-- ;J:o /t. a._:_J .:....::t ei:____ _________ ~---lfHrbl-~s--+- -~-'---+ --+----'--- ✓ /~~----------------+- ~ M.,( S~ l AVENZOAR 1113-1162 Born and died at Se ville. He was opposed to astrology and medical mysticism; he was a gainst the use of sophistical subtleties in the practice of medicine. His principal work is the Altersir, in which he mentions the itch-mite, and describes operations for renal calculus and for tracheotomy. 11 His memory remains that of a truly great practitioner, whose voice fell upon the deaf ears of his contemporaries and successors, but whose achievements herelded a new era of medicine free from subservience to authority. -
The Role of Albucasis in Evolution of the History of Otorhinolaryngology
Global Journal of Otolaryngology ISSN 2474-7556 Research Article Glob J Otolaryngol Volume 2 Issue 4 - December 2016 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Faisal Dibsi DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2016.02.555593 The Role of Albucasis in Evolution of the History of Otorhinolaryngology Faisal Dibsi* Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AL AHAHBA Private University, Aleppo City, Syria Submission: September 29, 2016; Published: December 15, 2016 *Corresponding author: Faisal Dibsi, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AL-KALIMAT HOSPITAL, Al-Sabil Area, Rezq-Allah Tahan Street, P.O.Box: 862, Aleppo city - Syria, Tel: 00963 21 2645909/00963944 488980; Email: Abstract comprising his Kitab al-Tasrif li-man ajiza an al-Taʹalif, the excellent surgical textbook with illustration of surgical instruments in the Middle Ages.“ALBUCASIS Most of the (936-1013 content was AD) a author repetition the first of the rational, earlier complete, contributions and illustrated of Paul Aegina treatises (7 thof surgery. The Surgery is the last of thirty treatises translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona (12th and practical surgeon. This surgical textbook describes many operative procedures, manipulations Century) and with instruments modifications. in Otorhinolaryngology, This textbook was explained the suture of new and old wounds in the Century) Nose, Lip, and and greatly Ear. In influenced the Ear Diseases Europe include as Eastern removing Islamic foreign countries. bodies, He performing was a working operations doctor for obstruction of the ear because of congenital aural atresia, scars and stenosis after injuries, polyps and granulations, extraction a creatures. Forward the Nose Diseases treatment fractures, nasal fistula, nasal polyps and tumors. -
Rodrigo De Castro's Portrait of the Perfect Physician in Early
Medical Ideals in the Sephardic Diaspora: Rodrigo de Castro’s Portrait of the Perfect Physician in early Seventeenth-Century Hamburg JON ARRIZABALAGA Introduction As is well known, there were no formal systems of medical ethics until the end of the eighteenth century. Yet at least from the composition of the Hippocratic Oath, western scholarly debates, particularly among doctors, on the foundations of good medical practice and behaviour produced written works. These works simultaneously reflected and con- tributed to setting customary rules of collective behaviour—medical etiquette—that were reinforced by pressure groups who, while they could not always judge and sentence offenders, sanctioned them with disapproval. Most early modern works on medical etiquette were dominated by the question of what constituted a good medical practitioner, with the emphasis sometimes on the most suitable character of a physician, sometimes on professional behaviour.1 The medical literary genre of the perfect physician appears to have been popular in the early modern Iberian world, and the frequent involvement of converso practitioners in writing about it has often been associated with the peculiarities of their professional posi- tion in the territories under the Spanish monarchy.2 Among the most outstanding examples This article has been prepared within the framework of the research project BHA2002-00512 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. I am indebted to Enrique Cantera Montenegro, Andrew Cunningham, Teresa Huguet-Termes and Sebastia` Giralt for their advice and material assistance. 1 See the entry ‘Medical ethics, history of Europe’, particularly the sections ‘Ancient and medieval’ (by Darrel W Amundsen) and ‘Renaissance and Enlightenment’ (by Harold J Cook) as well as the bibliography referred to there, in Stephen G Post (ed.), Encyclopedia of bioethics, 3rd ed., 5 vols, New York, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004, vol. -
The Geodetic Sciences in Byzantium
The geodetic sciences in Byzantium Dimitrios A. Rossikopoulos Department of Geodesy and Surveying, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki [email protected] Abstract: Many historians of science consider that geodeasia, a term used by Aristotle meaning "surveying", was not particularly flourishing in Byzantium. However, like “lo- gistiki” (practical arithmetic), it has never ceased to be taught, not only at public universi- ties and ecclesiastical schools, as well as by private tutors. Besides that these two fields had to do with problems of daily life, Byzantines considered them necessary prerequisite for someone who wished to study philosophy. So, they did not only confine themselves to copying and saving the ancient texts, but they also wrote new ones, where they were ana- lyzing their empirical discoveries and their technological achievements. This is the subject of this paper, a retrospect of the numerous manuscripts of the Byzantine period that refer to the development of geodesy both in teaching and practices of surveying, as well as to mat- ters relating to the views about the shape of the earth, the cartography, the positioning in travels and generally the sciences of mapping. Keywords: Geodesy, geodesy in Byzantium, history of geodesy, history of surveying, history of mathematics. Περίληψη: Πολλοί ιστορικοί των επιστημών θεωρούν ότι η γεωδαισία, όρος που χρησι- μοποίησε ο Αριστοτέλης για να ορίσει την πρακτική γεωμετρία, την τοπογραφία, δεν είχε ιδιαίτερη άνθιση στο Βυζάντιο. Ωστόσο, όπως και η “λογιστική”, δεν έπαψε ποτέ να διδά- σκεται όχι μόνο στα κοσμικά πανεπιστήμια, αλλά και στις εκκλησιαστικές σχολές, καθώς επίσης και από ιδιώτες δασκάλους. Πέρα από το ότι οι δύο αυτοί κλάδοι είχαν να κάνουν με προβλήματα της καθημερινής ζωής των ανθρώπων, οι βυζαντινοί θεωρούσαν την διδα- σκαλία τους απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση ώστε να μπορεί κανείς να παρακολουθήσει μαθήμα- τα φιλοσοφίας. -
Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths. -
Surgery on Varices in Byzantine Times (324-1453 CE)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector HISTORICAL REVIEW Surgery on varices in Byzantine times (324-1453 CE) John Lascaratos, MD, PhD,a Christos Liapis, MD,b and Maria Kouvaraki, MD,b Athens, Greece Objectives: The purposes of this article are to describe Byzantine varicose vein surgery and to note its influence on the devel- opment of these operations after that time. A study and analysis of the original texts of the Byzantine physicians, written in Greek and containing the now mostly lost knowledge of the earlier Hellenistic and Roman periods, was undertaken. Results: The Byzantines paid special attention to varicosis surgery from the early period of the empire. The famous fourth-century (CE) physician Oribasius meticulously described a number of surgical methods of confronting varicosis, some of which were derived from the texts of earlier Greek surgeons, to which he added his own keen observations. Later, eminent Byzantine physicians developed these techniques further and evaluated their usefulness. Conclusions: The study of Byzantine medical texts proves that several surgical techniques on varicosis were widely prac- ticed in Byzantine times and were derived from the work of ancient Greek and Roman physicians. The techniques described had a great influence on western medieval and later European surgery, thus constituting significant roots of modern angiology. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:197-203.) Medical practice and surgery seem to have been highly work of the ancient Greek physician Antyllus (second cen- developed during the early Byzantine period, from the tury CE). -
The Ruin of the Roman Empire
7888888888889 u o u o u o u THE o u Ruin o u OF THE o u Roman o u o u EMPIRE o u o u o u o u jamesj . o’donnell o u o u o u o u o u o u o hjjjjjjjjjjjk This is Ann’s book contents Preface iv Overture 1 part i s theoderic’s world 1. Rome in 500: Looking Backward 47 2. The World That Might Have Been 107 part ii s justinian’s world 3. Being Justinian 177 4. Opportunities Lost 229 5. Wars Worse Than Civil 247 part iii s gregory’s world 6. Learning to Live Again 303 7. Constantinople Deflated: The Debris of Empire 342 8. The Last Consul 364 Epilogue 385 List of Roman Emperors 395 Notes 397 Further Reading 409 Credits and Permissions 411 Index 413 About the Author Other Books by James J. O’ Donnell Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher preface An American soldier posted in Anbar province during the twilight war over the remains of Saddam’s Mesopotamian kingdom might have been surprised to learn he was defending the westernmost frontiers of the an- cient Persian empire against raiders, smugglers, and worse coming from the eastern reaches of the ancient Roman empire. This painful recycling of history should make him—and us—want to know what unhealable wound, what recurrent pathology, what cause too deep for journalists and politicians to discern draws men and women to their deaths again and again in such a place. The history of Rome, as has often been true in the past, has much to teach us. -
2Maccabees 163 Acacian Schism 127 Acephaloi 146 Adversus Eunomium
Index 2Maccabees 163 Chrysostom, John 3n14, 4n17, 5n21, 10n54, 153 Acacian schism 127 Church Acephaloi 146 politicisation 126, 127 Adversus Eunomium 71, 108 unity 128, 158 Agathon, archdeacon 154, 155 communicatio idiomatum 168, 177 agon communication, between Greek- and Syriac- centrality of 56 speakers 33 agona 48, 49n11, 56, 59 Constantine i, Pope 155 akribeia 4 Constantine the Great 124, 140 Alexandria 3, 5, 5n20, 9, 11, 32, 65, 160 Constantine v, emperor 156, 157 Anastasius i, emperor 7, 8, 125, 127, 130 Constantinople ii 139 Anastasius ii, emperor 156 Contra Damianum 65 Andrew of Crete 155 Council of Ephesus 142 Anthimos of Constantinople 132, 133, 135 Cyril of Alexandria 1, 2, 4, 5, 5n20, 6–11, 68, Antioch 1, 1n1, 2, 2n4, 2n5, 4–7, 7n35, 8, 8n36, 176, 187 9, 9n49, 11, 14, 22, 65, 128, 160, 170 Antiochene exegesis 11 Damian of Alexandria 65 apatheia 59, 60 De Principiis 175 Aphrahat 56 Diodore of Tarsus 22, 132 Aphrodite 150 Diodorus 176 Arianism 3 Dyophysites 39 Arius 134 Dyophysitism 128 Ark of the Covenant 169 ascetic 5–7 Egypt 1, 128 ascetical 5, 6 Egyptian monasticism 6 asceticism 7, 38, 56, 59, 63 Endemousa 126 imagery of 47, 50, 57 Enkyklion 126 askesis 49, 60 Ephrem 56 ataraxia 60 Ephrem of Amida 134 Athanasius 2, 3, 3n8, 4, 7, 68, 175 Eusebius of Caesarea 14 athletes 51 Eustathius of Antioch 68 athletes 58 Eutyches 104, 108, 113, 129 Eutychius, patriarch 141, 155 Basil the Great 2, 3, 12, 25, 41, 47, 51, 52, 107, 131, 171, 179 fasting 5, 6 Basiliskos 126 Beatitudes 174 Germanus, patriarch 139, 155 Beirut 5, 178 Gregory 41 -
What the Hellenism: Did Christianity Cause a Decline of Th Hellenism in 4 -Century Alexandria?
What the Hellenism: Did Christianity cause a decline of th Hellenism in 4 -century Alexandria? Classics Dissertation Exam Number B051946 B051946 2 Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 2 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Problems with Evidence ......................................................................................................... 8 Pagan Topography and Demography......................................................................................... 9 Christian Topography .............................................................................................................. 19 Civic Power Structures ............................................................................................................ 29 Intellectualism .......................................................................................................................... 38 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 47 Bibliography of Primary Sources in Translation ..................................................................... 52 Figure Bibliography ................................................................................................................ -
Class 14 - Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Class 14 - Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi Old Testament Seminar - Immanuel Church Introduction Welcome to the final week of the Old Testament core seminar! As exciting as that is, of course, we are really only halfway to our goal. Our goal is to see the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ, and it’s in the New Testament where that light shines most brightly. And yet the glory of Christ shines differently in the Old Testament, doesn’t it? Perhaps less brightly, but more textured. And this background is critical to fully understanding the New Testament. So today, we’ll finish up with Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. And I’ll warn you, despite some amazing pictures of God’s final restoration in these books, there’s some pretty depressing themes as well. As we’ve been saying, it’s clear that while the exiles have returned to the land, nothing much seems to have changed. The spiritual exile continues. Esther asks why some of these people haven’t returned… and deals with some of the persecution they faced in exile. Haggai accuses the people of tragically misdirecting priorities. Zechariah describes signif- icant social sins. And Malachi points out corrupt teaching, divorce, hypocrisy, and immorality in both priests and leity. The physical exile has finished, but the real exile continues. So what are we going to do? Let’s begin with Esther. Esther On to Esther! Same time, different place. It’s now in the 480s/470s BC, half a century afterthe return of the first wave, but before Ezra’s return. -
Background: Studies of Greek Poetry Often Focus on Athens Because Many of the Best-Preserved Sources Were Written Almost Exclusively by and for Athenians
Myth, Locality, and Identity in Pindar’s Sicilian Odes • Background: Studies of Greek poetry often focus on Athens because many of the best-preserved sources were written almost exclusively by and for Athenians. However, Greek lyric poetry, which also was hugely influential in the fifth century, offers an important counterbalance to the dominant Athenian perspective. When celebrating Sicilian victors, the Theban poet Pindar adapted his poetic project to regional needs in th Sicily where the cities were populated in large part by Fig. 1 Map of 5 century BCE Sicily immigrants. Pindar, Pythian 12.1-6 for Midas of Akragas: Αἰτέω σε, φιλάγλαε, καλλίστα βροτεᾶν πολίων, Φερσεφόνας ἕδος, ἅ τ’ ὄχθαις ἔπι µηλοβότου • Hypothesis: Pindar’s Sicilian poems emphasize ναίεις Ἀκράγαντος ἐΰδµατον κολώναν, ὦ ἄνα, features of the natural landscape and weave traditional ἵλαος ἀθανάτων ἀνδρῶν τε σὺν εὐµενίᾳ Greek myths into descriptions of local physical spaces δέξαι στεφάνωµα τόδ’ ἐκ Πυθῶνος εὐδόξῳ Μίδᾳ to create a sense of civic identity for mixed αὐτόν τε νιν Ἑλλάδα νικάσαντα τέχνᾳ, populations. In the odes for Akragas, the local river and myths surrounding it became a central figure in I beseech you, lover of splendor, loveliest of mortals’ cities, Pindaric poetry and in other manifestations of civic abode of Persephone, you who dwell upon the well-built height above the banks of the Acragas, where sheep graze, O queen, ideology during the 480s-460s BCE, which may be a along with the good will of gods and men graciously result of the rise to power of the Emmenid rulers. receive this crown from Pytho offered by famous Midas (trans.