DOCSLIB.ORG

Italy and China Sharing Best Practices on the Sustainable Development of Small Underground Settlements

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Italy and China Sharing Best Practices on the Sustainable Development of Small Underground Settlements heritage Article Italy and China Sharing Best Practices on the Sustainable Development of Small Underground Settlements Laura Genovese 1,†, Roberta Varriale 2,†, Loredana Luvidi 3,*,† and Fabio Fratini 4,† 1 CNR—Institute for the Conservation and the Valorization of Cultural Heritage, 20125 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 2 CNR—Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies, 80134 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 3 CNR—Institute for the Conservation and the Valorization of Cultural Heritage, 00015 Monterotondo St., Italy 4 CNR—Institute for the Conservation and the Valorization of Cultural Heritage, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-06-90672887 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 28 December 2018; Accepted: 5 March 2019; Published: 8 March 2019 Abstract: Both Southern Italy and Central China feature historic rural settlements characterized by underground constructions with residential and service functions. Many of these areas are currently tackling economic, social and environmental problems, resulting in unemployment, disengagement, depopulation, marginalization or loss of cultural and biological diversity. Both in Europe and in China, policies for rural development address three core areas of intervention: agricultural competitiveness, environmental protection and the promotion of rural amenities through strengthening and diversifying the economic base of rural communities. The challenge is to create innovative pathways for regeneration based on raising awareness to inspire local rural communities to develop alternative actions to reduce poverty while preserving the unique aspects of their local environment and culture. In this view, cultural heritage can be a catalyst for the sustainable growth of the rural community. Through a series of projects on a national and international scale, the authors have addressed some of these problems by exchanging best practices in conservation, sustainable use and the enhancement of the underground heritage. Keywords: underground settlements; earthen architecture; conservation; regeneration; enhancement 1. Introduction The Italian and Chinese rural villages studied are the result of successful and sustainable balancing attempts between maximization of environmental opportunities and minimization of natural conflicts and social interactions in karst habitat. Both locations represent ‘troglodyte or negative building culture’ which is characterized by the systematic application of building techniques based on quarrying and removal rather than the vertical use of shaped rocks, bricks or various mixtures. It is a worldwide modus aedificandi which was developed during prehistoric times and is still in use today: this long lasting building approach is one of the most typical building techniques in plateaus located between latitude 34◦ and 40◦ North (Figure1). In this particular climatic zone, surprisingly, underground sections of historical excavated settlements are very similar to each other. Based on the study of historical artifacts excavated below the ground level, it appears that local building know-how was reconsidered and new underground building skills were adopted. Thus, underground architecture of worldwide troglodyte settlements has much more in common than their corresponding above-ground Heritage 2019, 2, 53; doi:10.3390/heritage2010053 www.mdpi.com/journal/heritage Heritage 2019, 3 FOR PEER REVIEW 2 natural forces and produces significant artifacts with strong identity and distinctive features responding to local culture. The underground architecture was also recently investigated within VerSus (Vernacular HeritageKnowledge2019, 2, 53 for Sustainable Architecture), a European project developed in the framework of the2 of 13 Culture 2007–2013 program, which had partners CRAterre-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Grenoble (France), Escola Superior Gallaecia (Portugal), DIDA (Department of building styles. This is the case because the underground world interprets raw materials with the Architecture, University of Florence-Italy), DDICAAR (Department of Civil Engineering, adoptionEnvironment of essential and shapesArchitecture, in response University to natural of forces Cagliari-Italy), and produces Escuela significant Técnica artifacts Superior with strongde identityArquitectura and distinctive of Polytechnic features University responding of Valencia, to local Spain culture. [1]. FigureFigure 1. 1.Map Map of of the the case case studies: studies: inin evidence,evidence, the ty typicalpical climatic climatic zone zone of of the the excavated excavated villages villages (Southern(Southern Italy Italy and and Loess Loess plateau plateau in in China China areare shownshown in red). TheSince, underground by definition, architecture the term Underground was also recently Built Heritage investigated (UBH) refers within to VerSushistorical (Vernacular artifacts Knowledgeexcavated forin underground Sustainable Architecture), areas that become a European significant project expressions developed of inlocal the cultural framework heritage, of the Culturetroglodyte 2007–2013 villages program, are perfect which case had studies partners since CRAterre-Ecolethey house the strongest Nationale concentration Supérieure d’Architectureof historical deartifacts Grenoble excavated (France), to manage Escola Superiorurban functions Gallaecia [2]. The (Portugal), Loess Plateau DIDA yaodong (Department villages of (36°52 Architecture,′59.99″ UniversityN, 108°42 of′59.99 Florence-Italy),″ E) and the excavated DDICAAR villag (Departmentes in Southern of CivilItaly (40°40 Engineering,′11.39″ N, Environment 16°35′50.03″ E) and Architecture,represent two University of the most of significant Cagliari-Italy), underground Escuela settlements Técnica Superior in the world. de Arquitectura A comparative of Polytechnic analysis Universitycan provide of Valencia, new insight Spain by [testing1]. the theories related to the connections between cultural identity andSince, climatic by zone, definition, as well the as termverifying Underground the differences Built and Heritage possible (UBH) future actions refers toaimed historical towards artifacts the enhancement and valorization of Western and Eastern excavated villages (Figure 2a,b). excavated in underground areas that become significant expressions of local cultural heritage, This paper is based on some research by the authors on a national and international scale [3]. troglodyte villages are perfect case studies since they house the strongest concentration of historical More specifically, on one hand, it is a National Research Council of Italy (CNR) interdepartmental artifacts excavated to manage urban functions [2]. The Loess Plateau yaodong villages (36◦52059.9900 N, project that began in 2015 coordinated by the CNR-Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies 108◦42059.9900 E) and the excavated villages in Southern Italy (40◦40011.3900 N, 16◦35050.0300 E) represent (ISSM) that concerns the analysis of underground settlements in Southern Italy, aiming to define twogood of the practices most significant for their recovery, underground refunctionalizatio settlementsn in and the enhancement world. A comparative [4]. On the analysis other hand, can provideit is a newbilateral insight project by testing that began the theories in 2016, related coordinated to the by connections the CNR and between Institute cultural for the identity Conservation and climatic and zone,the asValorization well as verifying of Cultural the differences Heritage (ICVBC) and possible together future with actions the aimedChinese towards Academy the of enhancement Cultural andHeritage valorization (CACH) of Western[5] and is and related Eastern to the excavated sharing of villages good practices (Figure2 betweena,b). Italy and China for the conservationThis paper of is monuments based on some and site researchs in earthen by the material. authors Finally, on a national the paper and collects international the results scale of a [ 3]. Morecollaboration specifically, that on was one recently hand, born it is aof National the authors Research with the Council World Heritage of Italy (CNR)Institute interdepartmental of Training and projectResearch-Asia that began and in 2015Pacific coordinated (WHITRAP) by under the CNR-Institute the auspices of StudiesUNESCO on to Mediterranean survey, analyze Societies and (ISSM) that concerns the analysis of underground settlements in Southern Italy, aiming to define good practices for their recovery, refunctionalization and enhancement [4]. On the other hand, it is a bilateral project that began in 2016, coordinated by the CNR and Institute for the Conservation and the Valorization of Cultural Heritage (ICVBC) together with the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage (CACH) [5] and is related to the sharing of good practices between Italy and China for the conservation of monuments and sites in earthen material. Finally, the paper collects the results of Heritage 2019, 2, 53 3 of 13 a collaborationHeritage 2019, 3 FOR that PEER was REVIEW recently born of the authors with the World Heritage Institute of Training3 and Research-Asia and Pacific (WHITRAP) under the auspices of UNESCO to survey, analyze and disseminatedisseminate the the knowledge knowledge on on small small historical historical settlements, settlements, including including the the Chinese Chinese yaodong, yaodong, and and raise awarenessraise awareness about the about importance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discussion Document and Project Experience for Wine Caves Condor Earth Technologies, Inc
    Discussion Document and Project Experience For Wine Caves Condor Earth Technologies, Inc. www.CondorEarth.com COMPANY OVERVIEW Condor has served California, Oregon, 50 employee-owners. Our staff includes over 25 Washington and Texas wineries for over 25 professionals consisting of civil and years from our California offices in Stockton, geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists, Sonora, Merced and Rancho Cordova. Condor’s environmental geologists and hydrogeologists. team of professionals provide engineering and Condor’s wine cave project support role often environmental consulting services for a wide begins as early as planning and project scoping, range of projects and clients. Our wine cave and carries through design, permitting and contractor tunnel design services have been used on over selection, and continues through construction 250 projects over the past 25 years. Condor is a with quality assurance, owner’s representative 100% employee owned firm with approximately and construction management services. CONDOR’S MISSION STATEMENT “To provide high quality, professional services for value-enhanced resource management and infrastructure development.” 1 WINE CAVES support. This has often involved a multi-staged YESTERDAY AND TODAY effort to: The history of wine cave construction in the 1. Identify suitable sites for development of United States dates back to the late 1850’s or early facilities. 1860’s in the Napa/Sonoma Valley region. 2. Evaluate local, state and federal permit California’s first wine cave was constructed at requirements to obtain project Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma. Soon after, Jacob entitlements. Schram founded Schramsberg Vineyards near 3. Undertake geologic survey work to Calistoga, California in 1862. Eight years later, identify ground conditions suitable to cave Schram found a new job for the Chinese laborers development.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Services Changes Between 2000 and 2015 in the Loess Plateau, China: a Response to Ecological Restoration
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecosystem services changes between 2000 and 2015 in the Loess Plateau, China: A response to ecological restoration Dan Wu1, Changxin Zou1, Wei Cao2*, Tong Xiao3, Guoli Gong4 1 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, 3 Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China, 4 Shanxi Academy of Environmental Planning, Taiyuan, China a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract The Loess Plateau of China is one of the most severe soil and water loss areas in the world. Since 1999, the Grain to Green Program (GTGP) has been implemented in the region. This OPEN ACCESS study aimed to analyze spatial and temporal variations of ecosystem services from 2000 to Citation: Wu D, Zou C, Cao W, Xiao T, Gong G 2015 to assess the effects of the GTGP, including carbon sequestration, water regulation, (2019) Ecosystem services changes between 2000 soil conservation and sand fixation. During the study period, the area of forest land and and 2015 in the Loess Plateau, China: A response grassland significantly expanded, while the area of farmland decreased sharply. Ecosystem to ecological restoration. PLoS ONE 14(1): services showed an overall improvement with localized deterioration. Carbon sequestration, e0209483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0209483 water regulation and soil conservation increased substantially. Sand fixation showed a decreasing trend mainly because of decreased wind speeds. There were synergies Editor: Debjani Sihi, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, UNITED STATES between carbon sequestration and water regulation, and tradeoffs between soil conserva- tion and sand fixation.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical and Physical Characteristics of the Lowest Aerosol Layers Over the Yellow River Basin
    atmosphere Article Optical and Physical Characteristics of the Lowest Aerosol Layers over the Yellow River Basin Miao Zhang 1,*, Jing Liu 2, Muhammad Bilal 3,* , Chun Zhang 1, Feifei Zhao 1, Xiaoyan Xie 4,5 and Khaled Mohamed Khedher 6,7 1 School of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Wolong Road No.1638, Nan Yang 473061, China; [email protected] (C.Z.); zff@nynu.edu.cn (F.Z.) 2 Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; [email protected] 3 School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 2100444, China 4 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; [email protected] 5 College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China 6 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil Engineering, Institut Superieur des Etudes Technologiques, Campus Universitaire Mrezgua, Nabeul 8000, Tunisia * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (M.B.) Received: 17 September 2019; Accepted: 19 October 2019; Published: 22 October 2019 Abstract: Studying the presence of aerosols in different atmospheric layers helps researchers understand their impacts on climate change, air quality, and human health. Therefore, in the present study, the optical and physical properties of aerosol layers over the Yellow River Basin (YERB) were investigated using the CALIPSO Level 2 aerosol layer products from January 2007 to December 2014. The Yellow River Basin was divided into three sub-regions i.e., YERB1 (the plain region downstream of the YERB), YERB2 (the Loess Plateau region in the middle reaches of the YERB), and YERB3 (the mountainous terrain in the upper reaches of the YERB).
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Ground Control Strategies in Underground Construction
    Alternative ground control strategies in underground construction Keynote address to be presented by Evert Hoek at an International Symposium on "PRACTICES AND TRENDS FOR FINANCING AND CONTRACTING TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND WORKS" to be held in Athens, Greece, on 22-23 March 2012 www.tunnelcontracts2012.com/ Alternative ground control strategies in underground construction Evert Hoek Evert Hoek Consulting Engineer Inc., Canada ABSTRACT Underground works vary from shallow urban tunnels to very deep tunnels and caverns in the world’s great mountain ranges. The problems encountered at and between these extremes are entirely different and require appropriate approaches to site investigation, design and construction. The establishment of reliable financial estimates, construction schedules and contract proposals can only be done once a realistic geological model has been prepared and a clear understanding of the likely behaviour of the rock mass and the groundwater conditions has been established. The conditions that control the behaviour of different kinds of excavations in a variety of geological environments are presented in the context of case histories. The aim is to provide project owners, financial managers, insurance companies and contractors with a road map that may assist them in avoiding some of the pitfalls and in considering some of the alternative strategies in the development of underground projects. 1 INTRODUCTION Tunnels have been built for hundreds of years as part of transportation systems for people, goods, water and services. Until the middle of the last century these tunnels were generally small in size and the builders sought out the most favourable geology and topography in which to build them.
    [Show full text]
  • Landslides on the Loess Plateau of China: a Latest Statistics Together with a Close Look
    Landslides on the Loess Plateau of China: a latest statistics together with a close look Xiang-Zhou Xu, Wen-Zhao Guo, Ya- Kun Liu, Jian-Zhong Ma, Wen-Long Wang, Hong-Wu Zhang & Hang Gao Natural Hazards Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards ISSN 0921-030X Volume 86 Number 3 Nat Hazards (2017) 86:1393-1403 DOI 10.1007/s11069-016-2738-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Nat Hazards (2017) 86:1393–1403 DOI 10.1007/s11069-016-2738-6 SHORT COMMUNICATION Landslides on the Loess Plateau of China: a latest statistics together with a close look 1,2 2 2 Xiang-Zhou Xu • Wen-Zhao Guo • Ya-Kun Liu • 1 1 3 Jian-Zhong Ma • Wen-Long Wang • Hong-Wu Zhang • Hang Gao2 Received: 16 December 2016 / Accepted: 26 December 2016 / Published online: 3 January 2017 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017 Abstract Landslide plays an important role in landscape evolution, delivers huge amounts of sediment to rivers and seriously affects the structure and function of ecosystems and society.
    [Show full text]
  • Mysterious Carvings and Evidence of Human Sacrifice Uncovered in Ancient City
    Mysterious carvings and evidence of human sacrifice uncovered in ancient city Discoveries at the sprawling site have archaeologists rethinking the roots of Chinese civilization. By Brook Larmer PUBLISHED August 6, 2020 The stones didn’t give up their secrets easily. For decades, villagers in the dust-blown hills of China’s Loess Plateau believed that the crumbling rock walls near their homes were part of the Great Wall. It made sense. Remnants of the ancient barrier zigzag through this arid region inside the northern loop of the Yellow River, marking the frontier of Chinese rule stretching back more than 2,000 years. But one detail was curiously out of place: Locals, and then looters, began finding in the rubble pieces of jade, some fashioned into discs and blades and scepters. Jade is not indigenous to this northernmost part of Shaanxi Province— the nearest source is almost a thousand miles away—and it was not a known feature of the Great Wall. Why was it Join archaeologists as they search for clues to the mysterious fate of “China’s Pompeii” in a new three-part series. Ancient China from Above premiers in the U.S. Tuesday August 11 at 10/9c on National Geographic. For all other countries check local listings. When a team of Chinese archaeologists came to investigate the conundrum several years ago, they began to unearth something wondrous and puzzling. The stones were not part of the Great Wall but the ruins of a magnificent fortress city. The ongoing dig has revealed more than six miles of protective walls surrounding a 230-foot-high pyramid and an inner sanctum with painted murals, jade artifacts—and gruesome evidence of human sacrifice.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Special Poor Areas and Their Geographical Conditions
    sustainability Article China’s Special Poor Areas and Their Geographical Conditions Xin Xu 1,2, Chengjin Wang 1,2,*, Shiping Ma 1,2 and Wenzhong Zhang 1,2 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (X.X.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (W.Z.) 2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Special functional areas and poor areas tend to spatially overlap, and poverty is a common feature of both. Special poor areas, taken as a kind of “policy space,” have attracted the interest of researchers and policymakers around the world. This study proposes a basic concept of special poor areas and uses this concept to develop a method to identify them. Poor counties in China are taken as the basic research unit and overlaps in spatial attributes including old revolutionary bases, borders, ecological degradation, and ethnic minorities, are used to identify special poor areas. The authors then analyze their basic quantitative structure and pattern of distribution to determine the geographical bases’ formation and development. The results show that 304 counties in China, covering a vast territory of 12 contiguous areas that contain a small population, are lagging behind the rest of the country. These areas are characterized by rich energy and resource endowments, important ecological functions, special historical status, and concentrated poverty. They are considered “special poor” for geographical reasons such as a relatively harsh natural geographical environment, remote location, deteriorating ecological environment, and an inadequate infrastructure network and public service system.
    [Show full text]
  • Basilicata and the University
    Università degli Studi della Basilicata International Mobility Office Graphic designer: Morgana Bruno Edited by Annalisa Anzalone & Morgana Bruno for Incoming students Click on: to the official pages Basilicata and the University Dear student, Welcome to the University of Basilicata (UNIBAS). This is an easy guide to provide you with information about your stay a nutshell. International Mobility Office For further information please refer to the International Mobility Office: "Incoming section": About us and our region: H e a d The University of Basilicata is located in the south of Italy between Campania, Annalisa Anzalone Puglia and Calabria. The region is divided into two tel. +39 0971202158 provinces: Potenza and Matera. E-mail: [email protected] Our University has two Campuses: S t a f f - Potenza Campus (Via Nazario Sauro 85, 85100 PZ and Viale tel. +39 0971202191 dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 PZ); E - m a i l : - Matera Campus (Via Lanera 20, 75100 MT). [email protected] Upon arrival, but also at the end of your Erasmus period, the first and last thing to do is to contact and reach the International Mobility office located in Via Nazario Sauro 85, 85100 PZ, after booking an appointment through the online platform (for any problem in reaching the office, please contact the office immediately sending an e-mail to [email protected]). The office is opened on Monday, Wednesday and Thursday from 9:00 to 11:00 and on Tuesday from 15:00 to 16:00. Please book an appointment on the the offical website before your a r r i v a l .
    [Show full text]
  • Title of Paper
    Raw earth construction: is there a role for unsaturated soil mechanics ? D. Gallipoli, A.W. Bruno & C. Perlot Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Laboratoire SIAME, Anglet, France N. Salmon Nobatek, Anglet, France ABSTRACT: “Raw earth” (“terre crue” in French) is an ancient building material consisting of a mixture of moist clay and sand which is compacted to a more or less high density depending on the chosen building tech- nique. A raw earth structure could in fact be described as a “soil fill in the shape of a building”. Despite the very nature of this material, which makes it particularly suitable to a geotechnical analysis, raw earth construc- tion has so far been the almost exclusive domain of structural engineers and still remains a niche market in current building practice. A multitude of manufacturing techniques have already been developed over the cen- turies but, recently, this construction method has attracted fresh interest due to its eco-friendly characteristics and the potential savings of embodied, operational and end-of-life energy that it can offer during the life cycle of a structure. This paper starts by introducing the advantages of raw earth over other conventional building materials followed by a description of modern earthen construction techniques. The largest part of the manu- script is devoted to the presentation of recent studies about the hydro-mechanical properties of earthen materi- als and their dependency on suction, water content, particle size distribution and relative humidity. A raw earth structure therefore consists of com- pacted moist soil and may be described in geotech- 1 DEFINITION OF EARTHEN nical terms as a “soil fill in the shape of a building”.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3. the Crust and Upper Mantle
    Theory of the Earth Don L. Anderson Chapter 3. The Crust and Upper Mantle Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, c1989 Copyright transferred to the author September 2, 1998. You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and noncommercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format. Recommended citation: Anderson, Don L. Theory of the Earth. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1989.001 A scanned image of the entire book may be found at the following persistent URL: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBook:1989.001 Abstract: T he structure of the Earth's interior is fairly well known from seismology, and knowledge of the fine structure is improving continuously. Seismology not only provides the structure, it also provides information about the composition, crystal structure or mineralogy and physical state. In subsequent chapters I will discuss how to combine seismic with other kinds of data to constrain these properties. A recent seismological model of the Earth is shown in Figure 3-1. Earth is conventionally divided into crust, mantle and core, but each of these has subdivisions that are almost as fundamental (Table 3-1). The lower mantle is the largest subdivision, and therefore it dominates any attempt to perform major- element mass balance calculations. The crust is the smallest solid subdivision, but it has an importance far in excess of its relative size because we live on it and extract our resources from it, and, as we shall see, it contains a large fraction of the terrestrial inventory of many elements. In this and the next chapter I discuss each of the major subdivisions, starting with the crust and ending with the inner core.
    [Show full text]
  • RELAZIONE SULLA PERFORMANCE 2018 Aggiornamento Provincia Di Matera Def.1
    1 Presentazione e indice Presentazione La presente Relazione sulla performance è redatta ai sensi dall'art.10 comma 1 lettera b) del D. Lgs. n. 150/2009, e dovrà essere validata da parte dall’ Organismo Indipendente di Valutazione ai sensi del successivo art. 14 comma 4 lettera c) e successivamente pubblicata sul sito istituzionale al fine di assicurarne visibilità. Dopo una premessa generale, la struttura del presente documento evidenzia, pertanto, i risultati organizzativi e individuali raggiunti rispetto ai singoli obiettivi programmati e alle risorse assegnate, con rilevazione degli eventuali scostamenti registrati nel corso dell’anno. E' redatta conformemente ai principi di trasparenza, immediata intelligibilità, veridicità e verificabilità dei contenuti, partecipazione e coerenza interna ed esterna. Indice. PRESENTAZIONE DELLA RELAZIONE E INDICE 2. SINTESI DELLE INFORMAZIONI DI INTERESSE PER I CITTADINI E GLI ALTRI STAKEHOLDER ESTERNI 2.1. Il contesto esterno di riferimento 2.2. L’amministrazione 2.3. I risultati raggiunti 2.4. Le criticità e le opportunità 3. OBIETTIVI: RISULTATI RAGGIUNTI E SCOSTAMENTI 3.1. Albero della performance 3.2. Obiettivi strategici 3.3. Obiettivi e piani operativi 3.4. Obiettivi individuali 4. RISORSE, EFFICIENZA ED ECONOMICITÀ 5. PARI OPPORTUNITÀ E BILANCIO DI GENERE 6. IL PROCESSO DI REDAZIONE DELLA RELAZIONE SULLA PERFORMANCE 6.1. Fasi, soggetti, tempi e responsabilità 6.2. Punti di forza e di debolezza del ciclo della performance 2 2.1 Il contesto esterno di riferimento PREMESSA Si riportano in sintesi i dati più significativi del contesto esterno nel quale ha operato nel 2018 la Provincia di Matera. La nota dominante è ancora il riflesso normativo dell’applicazione della L.56/2014 e delle successive disposizioni normative intervenute.
    [Show full text]
  • FHWA Road Tunnel Design Guidelines July 2004 6
    PB2006-100660 111 1111111111111\11 11111111111 1111 FHWA Road Tunnel Design Guidelines u.s. Department ofTransportation Federal Highway Administration .,.. u S Deportrrool 01 TrrnspOOa1lOO {"., Federal Highway AdmlnislTaI.on Notice This docllment is disseminated ul/der the sponsorship ()/th e Us. Deportment ()/ Transportation in th e illterest o/injormotiotl exchange. Th e Us. Governme17l aSSlIlll es 110 liabililY jorlhe lise 0/ Ih e ill/ormation cOl/tail/ed in filis doellmel/f. Th e Us. Govemlllenl does I/ ot endorse produc fs or manl!/actllrers. Tradell/arks or Illwlu/acllIrers' nallles appear in fhis reporr onlv becallse they are considered essential to the objecrive o/fh e documenl. Quality Assurance Statement Th e Federal Highway Adlllinistratiol/ (FI-n'VA) provides high-quality injorlllation 10 serve Govemmelll. indusl7 y . and Ih e public in a manller thaI prolJlOles public lIl/ders/(fllding. Standards and policies are used 10 ens lire and n/(/xi mi~ e the qllali(v. objectivity, llfilit)', and integritv o/its in/ormation. FHWA perio C/ica/~) 1 reviell 's qllalif)' isslies lind adjusts irs prograllls and processes to ensure cOl/til/liOUS quality improvement. Rli /'liOIWCELJ or: ~ U,S. O " pa rl l1l~ Ht ()fCDm lU t' r~~ ,~a l Ju ,, ~ 1 '['tc hll k ~1 I nror lll ~ li u " Sr n lee S l lri l1 un~hl, \ irginia 2216 1 PROTECTED UNDER INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FtiWA Road Till/lie! Design Guidelill!,,\' ~"" l.,[ S C(·j:::<lttrr~en~ '..... -t rf:YH~~0"fQtl:)""! {~ Federa! Highway Administratlofl 1.
    [Show full text]