Screening of feasible applications of wind and solar energy in Mali: Assessment using the wind and solar atlas for Mali DANIDA contract 1711 Feasibility of renewable energy resources in Mali December 2012 Risø-R-Report Authors December 2012 Ivan Nygaard, Per Nørgård, Luc Dewilde, Jake Badger, Mads Olander Rasmussen, Lars Boye Hansen, Ousmane Ouattara, Famakan Kamissoko, Alhousseini Issa Maiga, Souleymane Diarra, Nanourou Coulibaly Title Screening of feasible applications of wind and solar energy in Mali: Assessment using the wind and solar atlas for Mali ISBN: 978-87-92706-75-1 Contract no.: DANIDA contract 1711 Front Page: Hybrid PV-diesel system in Ouélessébougou, Mali Photo: Felicia Fock Department of Management Engineering Technical University of Denmark Risø Campus Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 49 Building 142 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Direct + 45 46775115 Fax + 45 46321999 Skype: ivan.nygaard3
[email protected] Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3 1 PREFACE 4 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 3 THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR IN MALI 10 3.1 Demand forecast for electricity in the integrated system 10 3.1.1 Demand forecast 10 3.1.2 Extension of the integrated system 12 3.1.3 Existing and planned production units for electricity and planned imports 13 3.1.4 Future avoided costs in the integrated system 17 3.1.5 Conclusion 19 3.2 Demand forecast in the isolated grids (Centres isolées) 20 3.2.1 Tombouctou grid 21 3.2.2 Monthly variations 23 3.2.3 Diurnal variations 24 3.2.4 Avoided costs for electricity in isolated grids 25 3.3 Rural electrification (mini-grids) 26