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Seguridad Y Defensa: Conocer El Pasado Para Preparar El Futuro

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Seguridad Y Defensa: Conocer El Pasado Para Preparar El Futuro MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA XXV Curso Internacional de Defensa Jaca, del 25 al 29 de septiembre de 2017 Seguridad y Defensa: conocer el pasado para preparar el futuro Dirigido por la «Cátedra Miguel de Cervantes» Academia General Militar – Universidad de Zaragoza MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es/ Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA © Autor y editor, 2018 https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/ NIPO: 083-18-105-4 (edición en línea) NIPO: 083-18-104-9 (impresión bajo demanda) ISBN: 978-84-9091-361-1 Fecha de edición: junio 2018 Maqueta e imprime: Ministerio de Defensa Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad del autor de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser reproducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cualquier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. ÍNDICE Índice Página Presentación .............................................................................................. 11 D. Miguel Ángel Santamaría Villascuerna ......................................................... 11 Conferencia de Inauguración: Europa: 25 años de Seguridad y Defensa. D. Juan Antonio Moliner González ......................................................................... 15 Ponencias del Área 1: Marco global .......................................................... 27 Geopolítica global. D. Ignacio Fuente Cobo ...................................................... 29 Economía y Defensa. D. Félix Arteaga Martín ................................................... 55 Ponencias del Área 2: El terrorismo en nuestros días .............................. 69 De Al Qaeda al Estado Islámico. D. Carlos Echeverría Jesús ............................. 71 Marco estratégico nacional de lucha contra el terrorismo y la radicalización ...... 81 ¿Cómo se protege Europa frente al terrorismo? D. Manuel Navarrete Paniagua ... 83 Ponencias del Área 3: Riesgos presentes y futuros .................................. 85 Guerra y paz en un mundo de redes. D. Enrique Cubeiro Cabello ...................... 87 Europa: riesgo de un futuro sin jóvenes. D. Rafael Puyol Antolín ........................ 117 Escasez de recursos. Futura fuente de conflictos. D. Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca .. 135 Página Ponencias del Área 4: Prensa y operaciones de paz ................................ 153 Seguridad, democracia y libertad de prensa. D. Javier Fernández Arribas .......... 155 25 años de participación española en operaciones. D. Francisco Braco Carbó .. 167 Ponencias del Área 5: Un proyecto llamado Europa ................................. 201 Mesa redonda. Europa: vuelta al horizonte. D. Florentino Portero Rodríguez ...... 205 Mesa redonda. Europa: vuelta al horizonte. D. Haizam Amirah Fernández .......... 207 Moderador. D. Javier García Antón .................................................................. 209 Mesa redonda. Europa y sus Fuerzas Armadas ................................................ 211 OTAN: El reto de la adaptación. D. Juan Campins Mirallés ................................. 213 Una fuerza para la defensa europea: Eurocuerpo. D. Alfredo Ramírez Fernández 229 D. Julián García Vargas .................................................................................. 241 Moderador. D. Samuel Barraguer Carcavilla ..................................................... 243 Comunicaciones ......................................................................................... 245 Veinticinco años de innovaciones militares (1992-2017). Guillén Colom Piella ..... 247 Veinticinco años del sistema internacional: ¿cambio de paradigma? Fernando Martín Cubel ........................................................................................... 253 Regulación jurídica de la industria de defensa en la legislación europea. María Vílchez Vivanco ....................................................................................... 263 La evolución de la importancia de las Agregadurías de Defensa. Antonio Vargas Martín ..................................................................................................... 271 Radicalización en centros penitenciarios. Montserrat López Melero ................... 279 Los medios sociales como herramientas de comunicación. Retos y oportunida- des para las fuerzas de seguridad del Estado. María García García, Nerea Vadillo Bengoa, Francisco José Trujillo Pacheco ......................................... 287 Radicalización yihadista, la célula de Ripoll. Javier Balaña Henarejos.................. 301 La lucha contra el terrorismo internacional desde la perspectiva de Naciones Unidas: ¿Últimos avances? Bénédicte Real ................................................. 311 La vulneración de los DD.HH., y el derecho de refugiados en aras del manteni- miento de la seguridad: El caso de Hungría. Manuel Partido Navadijo .......... 317 La inmigración irregular en España y la Unión Europea: Retos y desafíos para la protección del ser humano derivados de las denominadas «devoluciones en caliente». Clara Veas Peñalver .................................................................. 329 Incertidumbres, retos y amenazas de la gestión del agua en el siglo XXI. Javier del Valle Melendo .......................................................................................... 353 Migraciones: Un problema trasnacional de percepción particular. Análisis his- tórico, psicológico y periodístico. Pablo Rey García, Pedro A. Nieto, José Rodríguez González, M.ª del Pilar Ceballos Becerril .................................... 363 Jóvenes, espacio, ciudadanía global y seguridad. Narciso M. Lozano Dicha, Luis Vilas Buendía, Sara Barreiro, Gabriela Chiscuetti, Rosmery Castillo de Aza .. 379 Página Las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de Naciones Unidas, ejemplo paradigmático en la responsabilidad de las organizaciones internacionales. María de la Cruz Domínguez López .......................................................... 391 Ejército de Tierra en Fuerzas Armadas. Seguridad y Defensa. Elena Castilla Jimé- nez. Rafael Fernández Navarro ................................................................. 399 Conclusiones del XXV Curso Internacional de Defensa ............................. 405 Programa de actividades ........................................................................... 419 Comisión Organizadora.............................................................................. 425 PRESENTACIÓN Presentación Miguel Ángel Santamaría Villascuerna PRESENTACIÓN D. MIGUEL ÁNGEL SANTAMARÍA VILLASCUERNA Coronel director de la Cátedra Cervantes Terminada esta 25 edición del Curso Internacional de Defensa, al igual que en oca- siones y con la autorización de los ponentes y comunicantes, hemos querido plasmar en este libro las diferentes exposiciones realizadas, de manera que las mismas puedan servir como material de consulta y coadyuven a la difusión de la cultura de seguridad y defensa. Muchos han sido los cambios experimentados en nuestro mundo en los 25 años de existencia de nuestro Curso, periodo en que hemos pasado de un escenario bipolar, hacia un nuevo orden internacional, mucho más complejo caracterizado por la multipo- laridad. En este aspecto, es en el que hemos pretendido centrarnos en esta edición, en los cambios sufridos en este periodo de tiempo y que por supuesto han ido teniendo su puntual reflejo en las distintas ediciones de este curso. La globalización, la revolución digital, la violencia internacional, las amenazas medioambientales, la lucha por los recursos, los desastres migratorios… están supo- niendo una auténtica revolución en los asuntos de seguridad y defensa y el concepto de guerra convencional, con frentes claros y definidos parece olvidado y sustituido por otro escenario de espacios difusos y vacíos donde no es fácil diferenciar al amigo del enemigo. Ante este complejo escenario se antoja como primera solución adoptar una línea de acción común, con ejércitos más preparados y dotados de los últimos medios tecnoló- gicos. A este escenario complejo debemos de atender en una grave situación de depre- sión económica que obliga a priorizar; ¿Es más importante mantener tropas en zonas de conflicto para prevenir y suspender los desastres de la guerra?, o ¿ayudar a estos mismos entornos en su progresión económica y social?, sin duda es necesario llegar a una solución de compromiso, cuestión siempre compleja cuando los recursos son más limitados. En este escenario y al cumplir su 25 edición el Curso Internacional de Defensa ha querido poner el foco de interés en temas tales como la situación global de seguridad, fundamentalmente en relación con Europa, las redes terroristas, la libertad de prensa, el punto de compromiso entre la seguridad y la privacidad o la contribución de las Fuerzas Armadas, a la estabilidad y otros riesgos que con enorme virulencia, tenemos presentes en la sociedad, como son las migraciones y el gradual envejecimiento de la población 14 Seguridad y Defensa: conocer el pasado para preparar el futuro europea, la carencia de recursos o el control y vigilancia de las diferentes redes de comunicación. Con el objetivo de exponer los escenarios citados, el curso se estructura en cinco áreas distintas y contará con ponentes de prestigio, tales como el coronel D. Manuel Na- varrete
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