Brüder - Bestien - Automaten Das Tier Im Abendländischen Denken

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Manuela Linnemann (Hg.) Brüder - Bestien - Automaten Das Tier im abendländischen Denken HARALD FISCHER VERLAG Inhalt Vorbemerkung 5 Texte Empedokles 13 • Piaton. 13 • Aristoteles 15 • Cicero 17 • Ovid 21 • Seneca 23 • Plutarch 26 • Origenes 32 • Porphyrios 36 • Lactan- tius 40 • Augustinus 42 • Thomas von Aquin 43 • Leonardo da Vinci 44 • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 46 • Erasmus von Rotter- dam 48 • Thomas Morus 49 • Giovanni Battista Gelli 50 • Michel de Montaigne 52 • Pierre Charron 57 • Francis Bacon 60 • Thomas Hobbes 61 • Pierre Gassendi 65 • Rene Descartes 67 • Jean de La Fontaine 70 • Blaise Pascal 74 • Baruch de Spinoza 76 • Samuel von Pufendorff 76 • John Locke 78 • Thomas Tryon 81 • Nicolas de Malebranche 83 • Jean M. Darmanson 86 • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 87 • Pierre Bayle 89 • Christian Thomasius 94 • Jean Meslier 98 • Bernard de Mandeville 99 • George Cheyne 105 • Christian Wolff 107 • Alexander Pope 109 • Voltaire 114 • Julien Offray de La Mettrie 119 • David Hume 124 • Jean-Jacques Rousseau 125 • Immanuel Kant 127 • Georg Christoph Lichten- berg 129 • Johann Gottfried Herder 130 • Jeremy Bentham 134 • Humphry Primatt 135 • Wilhelm Dietler 138 • Lauritz Smith 140 • Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 143 • Thomas Taylor 145 • 4 Inhalt Mary Wollstonecraft 147 • Johann Gottlieb Fichte 149 • Jean Paul 151 • Herman Daggett 154 • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 158 • Charles Fourier 763 • Jean Antoine Gleizes 164 • Lewis Gompertz 167 • Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 170 • Arthur Scho- penhauer 173 • Percy Bysshe Shelley 177 • Auguste Comte 183 • John Stuart Mill 186 • Friedrich Theodor Vischer 190 • Charles Darwin 195 • Henry David Thoreau 198 • Friedrich Engels 202 • Lewis Carroll 209 • Wilhelm Wundt 218 • Samuel Butler 219 • Mark Twain 224 • August Bebel 230 • Peter Kropotkin 232 • Eduard von Hartmann 233 • Bertha von Suttner 247 • Friedrich Nietz- sche 253 • Carl Spitteler 259 • MaxNordau 262 • Henry S.Salt 262 • Sigmund Freud 269 • George Bernard Shaw 270 • Hans Driesch 276 • Rosa Luxemburg 278 • Karl Kraus 280 • Theodor Lessing 289 • Bertrand Russell 294 • Max Scheler 295 • Alfred Polgar 299 • Albert Schweitzer 301 • Martin Buber 303 • Otto Flake 305 • Leonard Nelson 310 • Jose Ortega y Gasset 319 • Ludwig Wittgenstein 321 • Helmuth Plessner 323 • Max Horkheimer 327 • Theodor W. Adorno 331 • Max Horkheimer & Theodor W. Adorno 333 • Hans Jonas 334 • Elias Canetti 335 • Claude Levi-Strauss 338 • Jacques Derrida 340 Textnachweise 3^13 Literaturhinweise 361.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

CRITICAL THEORY and AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism
CDSMS EDITED BY JEREMIAH MORELOCK CRITICAL THEORY AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism edited by Jeremiah Morelock Critical, Digital and Social Media Studies Series Editor: Christian Fuchs The peer-reviewed book series edited by Christian Fuchs publishes books that critically study the role of the internet and digital and social media in society. Titles analyse how power structures, digital capitalism, ideology and social struggles shape and are shaped by digital and social media. They use and develop critical theory discussing the political relevance and implications of studied topics. The series is a theoretical forum for in- ternet and social media research for books using methods and theories that challenge digital positivism; it also seeks to explore digital media ethics grounded in critical social theories and philosophy. Editorial Board Thomas Allmer, Mark Andrejevic, Miriyam Aouragh, Charles Brown, Eran Fisher, Peter Goodwin, Jonathan Hardy, Kylie Jarrett, Anastasia Kavada, Maria Michalis, Stefania Milan, Vincent Mosco, Jack Qiu, Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marisol Sandoval, Se- bastian Sevignani, Pieter Verdegem Published Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet Christian Fuchs https://doi.org/10.16997/book1 Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism Mariano Zukerfeld https://doi.org/10.16997/book3 Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy Trevor Garrison Smith https://doi.org/10.16997/book5 Capital, State, Empire: The New American Way of Digital Warfare Scott Timcke https://doi.org/10.16997/book6 The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Edited by Marco Briziarelli and Emiliana Armano https://doi.org/10.16997/book11 The Big Data Agenda: Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies Annika Richterich https://doi.org/10.16997/book14 Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation Kane X.
[Show full text]
RHETORIC and RATIONALITY Steve Mackey
Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, vol. 9, no. 1, 2013 RHETORIC AND RATIONALITY Steve Mackey ABSTRACT: The dominance of a purist, ‘scientistic’ form of reason since the Enlightenment has eclipsed and produced multiple misunderstandings of the nature, role of and importance of the millennia-old art of rhetoric. For centuries the multiple perspectives conveyed by rhetoric were always the counterbalance to hubristic claims of certainty. As such rhetoric was taught as one of the three essential components of the ‘trivium’ – rhetoric, dialectic and grammar; i.e. persuasive communication, logical reasoning and the codification of discourse. These three disciplines were the legs of the three legged stool on which western civilisation still rests despite the perversion and muddling of the first of these three. This essay explains how the evisceration of rhetoric both as practice and as critical theory and the consequent over- reliance on a virtual cult of rationality has impoverished philosophy and has dangerously dimmed understandings of the human condition. KEYWORDS; Rhetoric; Dialectic; Rationality; Enlightenment; Philosophy; Communication; C.S.Peirce: Max Horkheimer; Theodor Adorno; Jürgen Habermas; John Deely THE PROBLEM There are many criticisms of the rationalist themes and approaches which burgeoned during and since the Enlightenment. This paper enlists Max Horkheimer (1895 – 1973) and Theodor Adorno (1903 – 1969), John Deely (1942 – ) and Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 –1914), along with some leading Enlightenment figures themselves in order to mount a critique of the fate of the millennia-old art of rhetoric during that revolution in ways of thinking. The argument will be that post-Enlightenment over- emphasis on what might variously be called dialectic, logic or reason (narrowly understood) has dulled understanding of what people are and how people think.
[Show full text]
Averroes's Dialectic of Enlightenment
59 AVERROES'S DIALECTIC OF ENLIGHTENMENT. SOME DIFFICULTIES IN THE CONCEPT OF REASON Hubert Dethier A. The Unity ofthe Intellect This theory of Averroes is to be combated during the Middle ages as one of the greatest heresies (cft. Thomas's De unitate intellectus contra Averroystas); it was active with the revolutionary Baptists and Thomas M"Unzer (as Pinkstergeest "hoch liber alIen Zerstreuungen der Geschlechter und des Glaubens" 64), but also in the "AufkHinmg". It remains unclear on quite a few points 65. As far as the different phases of the epistemological process is concerned, Averroes reputes Avicenna's innovation: the vis estimativa, as being unaristotelian, and returns to the traditional three levels: senses, imagination and cognition. As far as the actual abstraction process is concerned, one can distinguish the following elements with Avicenna. 1. The intelligible fonns (intentiones in the Latin translation) are present in aptitude and in imaginative capacity, that is, in the sensory images which are present there; 2. The fonns are actualised by the working of the Active Intellect (the lowest celestial sphere), that works in analogy to light ; 3. The intelligible fonns-in-act are "received" by the "possible" or the "material intellecf', which thereby changes into intellect-in-act, also called: habitual or acquired intellect: the. perfect form ofwhich - when all scientific knowledge that can be acquired, has been acquired -is called speculative intellect. 4. According to the Aristotelian principle that the epistemological process and knowing itselfcoincide, the state ofintellect-in-act implies - certainly as speculative intellect - the conjunction with the Active Intellect. 64 Cited by Ernst Bloch, Avicenna und die Aristotelische Linke, (1953), in Suhrkamp, Gesamtausgabe, 7, p.
[Show full text]
The State of the Animals II: 2003
A Strategic Review of International 1CHAPTER Animal Protection Paul G. Irwin Introduction he level of animal protection Prior to the modern period of ani- activity varies substantially Early Activities mal protection (starting after World Taround the world. To some War II), international animal protec- extent, the variation parallels the in International tion involved mostly uncoordinated level of economic development, as support from the larger societies and countries with high per capita Animal certain wealthy individuals and a vari- incomes and democratic political Protection ety of international meetings where structures have better financed and Organized animal protection began in animal protection advocates gathered better developed animal protection England in the early 1800s and together to exchange news and ideas. organizations. However there is not spread from there to the rest of the One of the earliest such meetings a one-to-one correlation between world. Henry Bergh (who founded the occurred in Paris in June 1900 economic development and animal American Society for the Prevention although, by this time, there was protection activity. Japan and Saudi of Cruelty to Animals, or ASPCA, in already a steady exchange of informa- Arabia, for example, have high per 1865) and George Angell (who found- tion among animal protection organi- capita incomes but low or nonexis- ed the Massachusetts Society for the zations around the world. These tent levels of animal protection activ- Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, or exchanges were encouraged further ity, while India has a relatively low per MSPCA, in 1868) both looked to by the organization of a number of capita income but a fairly large num- England and the Royal Society for the international animal protection con- ber of animal protection groups.
[Show full text]
3. Die Kirche Und Das Liebe Vieh
Die Kirche und das „liebe Vieh“ Im christlichen Glauben geht es auch um die Tiere, nicht nur um den Menschen Hans-Eberhard Dietrich, Pfarrer, 2017 1. Hinführung Wer in Theologie oder Kirche das Verhältnis des Menschen zu den Tieren thematisiert, ruft unter Umständen „kopfschüttelndes Unverständnis“ 1 hervor oder setzt sich dem Vorwurf aus, einem Modetrend nachzurennen. Tiere stünden nicht im Zentrum der frohen Botschaft. Das Thema sei der Kirche von außen aufgedrängt. Im Zuge der Umweltproblematik seien eben auch die Tiere in den Blick geraten, die aber für den Glauben allenfalls marginal seien, wie ja auch die ganze Tradition bezeugt. Insofern werden nicht alle in der Kirche der These zustim- men, dass der christliche Glaube nicht nur den Menschen, sondern auch Natur und Tiere ein- schließen muss. Traditionell geht es in der Kirche und ihrer Verkündigung um Gott und den Menschen und wie der Mensch zu seinem Heil gelangt. Auf diesem Weg dorthin wird auch das Verhalten zum Mitmenschen und zur Gesellschaft thematisiert. Die Tiere sind allenfalls ein Teil der Erde, die sich der Mensch Untertan machen soll. Die Menschen empfanden den Abstand zu den Tieren als unendlich groß, vielleicht auch deshalb, weil Gott Mensch geworden war und nicht Tier und damit die Menschen besonders auszeichnen wollte. Das Verhältnis zur Natur war ethisch indifferent. Mit dem Glauben hatte es nichts zu tun. Diese anthropozentrische Sicht der Welt und des Glaubens war nahezu 2000 Jahre lang „herr- schende Meinung“. Klassisch formulierte es Kant: Der Mensch hat nur sich selbst und den Mitmenschen, nicht aber der Natur oder den Tieren gegenüber eine Verantwortung.
[Show full text]
Theory, Totality, Critique: the Limits of the Frankfurt School Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity
Studies in 20th Century Literature Volume 16 Issue 1 Special Issue on Contemporary Spanish Article 11 Poetry: 1939-1990 1-1-1992 Theory, Totality, Critique: The Limits of the Frankfurt School Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity Philip Goldstein University of Delaware Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/sttcl Part of the German Literature Commons, and the Modern Literature Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Goldstein, Philip (1992) "Theory, Totality, Critique: The Limits of the Frankfurt School Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity," Studies in 20th Century Literature: Vol. 16: Iss. 1, Article 11. https://doi.org/ 10.4148/2334-4415.1297 This Review Essay is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in 20th Century Literature by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Theory, Totality, Critique: The Limits of the Frankfurt School Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity Abstract Theory, Totality, Critique: The Limits of the Frankfurt School Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity by Douglas Kellner. Keywords Frankfurt School, WWII, Critical Theory Marxism and Modernity, Post-modernism, society, theory, socio- historical perspective, Marxism, Marxist rhetoric, communism, communistic parties, totalization, totalizing approach This review essay is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: https://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol16/iss1/11 Goldstein: Theory, Totality, Critique: The Limits of the Frankfurt School Cr Review Essay Theory, Totality, Critique: The Limits of the Frankfurt School Philip Goldstein University of Delaware Douglas Kellner, Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity.
[Show full text]
Towards a Critical Theory of Society Collected Papers of Herbert Marcuse Edited by Douglas Kellner
TOWARDS A CRITICAL THEORY OF SOCIETY COLLECTED PAPERS OF HERBERT MARCUSE EDITED BY DOUGLAS KELLNER Volume One TECHNOLOGY, WAR AND FASCISM Volume Two TOWARDS A CRITICAL THEORY OF SOCIETY Volume Three FOUNDATIONS OF THE NEW LEFT Volume Four ART AND LIBERATION Volume Five PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOANALYSIS AND EMANCIPATION Volume Six MARXISM, REVOLUTION AND UTOPIA TOWARDS A CRITICAL THEORY OF SOCIETY HERBERT MARCUSE COLLECTED PAPERS OF HERBERT MARCUSE Volume Two Edited by Douglas Kellner London and New York First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 2001 Peter Marcuse Selection and Editorial Matter © 2001 Douglas Kellner Afterword © Jürgen Habermas All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Marcuse, Herbert, 1898– Towards a critical theory of society / Herbert Marcuse; edited by Douglas Kellner. p. cm. – (Collected papers of Herbert Marcuse; v. 2) Includes bibliographical
[Show full text]
Anglo-American Blood Sports, 1776-1889: a Study of Changing Morals
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1974 Anglo-American blood sports, 1776-1889: a study of changing morals. Jack William Berryman University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Berryman, Jack William, "Anglo-American blood sports, 1776-1889: a study of changing morals." (1974). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1326. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1326 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANGLO-AMERICAN BLOOD SPORTS, I776-I8891 A STUDY OF CHANGING MORALS A Thesis Presented By Jack William Berryman Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS April, 197^ Department of History » ii ANGLO-AMERICAN BLOOD SPORTS, 1776-1889 A STUDY OF CHANGING MORALS A Thesis By Jack V/illiam Berryman Approved as to style and content by« Professor Robert McNeal (Head of Department) Professor Leonard Richards (Member) ^ Professor Paul Boyer (I'/iember) Professor Mario DePillis (Chairman) April, 197^ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Upon concluding the following thesis, the many im- portant contributions of individuals other than myself loomed large in my mind. Without the assistance of others the project would never have been completed, I am greatly indebted to Professor Guy Lewis of the Department of Physical Education at the University of Massachusetts who first aroused my interest in studying sport history and continued to motivate me to seek the an- swers why.
[Show full text]
1934-1935 Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University
'"'"JLJ'^:_-'i .j' *-*i7i in T.' "-. \ f .'/" ; Bulletin of Yale University New Haven 15 October 1935 Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year BULLETIN OF YALE UNIVERSITY if Entered as second-class matter, August 30,1906, at the'post ^ office at New Haven, Conn,, under the Act of Congress ofJ July 16, 1894, Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage pro- vided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authonzed August 12, 1918. The BULLETIN, which is issued semimonthly, includes: 1. The University Catalogue. _ - - 2. The Reports of the President and Treasurer. s_ 3. The Catalogues of the several Schools. 4. The Alumni Directory and the Quinquennial Catalogue. 5. The Obituary Record. ; \ Bulletin of Yale University OBITUARY RECORD OF GRADUATES DECEASED DURING THE YEAR ENDING JULY i, 1935 INCLUDING THE RECORD OF A FEW WHO DIED PREVIOUSLY, HITHERTO UNREPORTED NUMBER 94 Thirty-second Series • Number Three New Haven • 15 October 1935 YALE UNIVERSITY OBITUARY RECORD* YALE COLLEGE Augustus Field Beard, B.A. 1857, Born May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, Conn. Died December 22,1934, in Norwalk, Conn. Father, Algernon Edwin Beard; a hat manufacturer and banker in South Norwalk; representative in State Legislature; son of Dr. Daniel Beard and Betsy (Field) Beard, of Oakham, Mass., and Stratford, Conn. Mother, Mary Esther (Mallory) Beard; daughter of Lewis and Ann (Seymour) Mallory, of Norwalk. Yale relatives include. James Beard (honorary M.A. 1754) (great-grandfather); and Dr. George M. Beard, *6i (cousin). Wilhston Academy. Entered with Class of 1856, joined Class of 1857 following year; on Spoon Committee; member Linoma, Sigma Delta, Kappa Sigma Theta, Alpha Delta Phi, and Scroll and Key.
[Show full text]
New England Congregationalists and Foreign Missions, 1800-1830
University of Kentucky UKnowledge History of Religion History 1976 Rebuilding the Christian Commonwealth: New England Congregationalists and Foreign Missions, 1800-1830 John A. Andrew III Franklin and Marshall College Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Andrew, John A. III, "Rebuilding the Christian Commonwealth: New England Congregationalists and Foreign Missions, 1800-1830" (1976). History of Religion. 3. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_history_of_religion/3 REBUILDING THE CHRISTIAN COMMONWEALTH New England Congregationalists & Foreign Missions, 1800-1830 Rebuilding the Christian Commonwealth John A. Andrew III The University Press of Kentucky ISBN: 0-8131-1333-4 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 75-38214 Copyright © 1976 by The University Press of Kentucky A statewide cooperative scholarly publishing agency serving Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky State College, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40506 CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. The Search for Identity 4 2. A Panorama of Change 25 3. The New England Clergy and the Problem of Permanency 36 4. The Glory Is Departed 54 5. Enlisting the Public 70 6.
[Show full text]
Philosophy and German Literature –
PHILOSOPHY AND GERMAN LITERATURE – EDITED BY NICHOLAS SAUL University of Liverpool PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CBRU,UK West th Street, New York, NY -, USA Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC , Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on , Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town , South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions ofrelevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction ofany part may take place without the written permission ofCambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Baskerville Monotype /. pt. System LATEX ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Philosophy and German literature – / edited by Nicholas Saul. p. cm. – (Cambridge studies in German) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN --- . German literature – History and criticism. Literature and philosophy. Philosophy, German. I. Saul, Nicholas. II. Series. PT .M . –dc ISBN hardback Contents Contributors page viii Acknowledgements x List of abbreviations xi Introduction: German literature and philosophy Nicholas Saul Criticism and experience: philosophy and literature in the German Enlightenment John A.McCarthy The pursuit ofthe subject: literature as critic and perfecter ofphilosophy – Nicholas Saul Two realisms: German literature and philosophy – John Walker Modernism and the self – Ritchie Robertson The subjects ofcommunity: aspiration, memory,resistance – Russell A.Berman Coming to terms with the past in postwar literature and philosophy Robert C.Holub Bibliography Index vii CHAPTER ONE Criticism and experience: philosophy and literature in the German Enlightenment John A.
[Show full text]
Die Beiden Grundprobleme Der Schopenhauerschen Tierethik1
Die beiden Grundprobleme der Schopenhauerschen Tierethik1 von Frank Brosow (Mainz) I. Einleitung Wie die Hausfrau, die die Stube gescheuert hat, Sorge trägt, dass die Türe zu ist, damit ja der Hund nicht hereinkomme und das getane Werk durch die Spuren sei- ner Pfoten entstelle, also wachen die europäischen Denker darüber, dass ihnen keine Tiere in der Ethik herumlaufen. Was sie sich an Torheiten leisten, um die überlieferte Engherzigkeit aufrechtzuerhalten und auf ein Prinzip zu bringen, grenzt ans Unglaubliche.2 Mit diesen kritischen Zeilen bringt Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965) ein zentrales Problem der europäischen Philosophie auf den Punkt: Von Beginn an hat sie es versäumt, in ihrer Reflexion über Gott, Welt und Mensch den Tieren einen an- gemessenen Status zuzugestehen. Schweitzer wirft den europäischen Denkern hier nicht ihre unzureichende Unterstützung der Tierschutzbewegung vor.3 Was er kritisiert, ist vielmehr ihre grundsätzliche Weigerung, das aus unreflektierten Traditionen erwachsene Verhältnis zwischen Mensch und Tier überhaupt einer kritischen und ergebnisoffenen Prüfung zu unterziehen. Wer sich in der Geschichte der Philosophie auskennt, mag den Einwand er- heben, dass nahezu jede historische Epoche Ausnahmen kennt, auf die Schweit- zers Vorwürfe nicht recht zu passen scheinen. Zu denken wäre hier für die Anti- ke an Denker wie Pythagoras (ca. 570–510 v. Chr.) oder Plutarch (ca. 45–125) und für das Mittelalter an Franz von Assisi (1182–1226). Die Tierliebe dieser und anderer europäischer Denker resultiert jedoch nicht aus ihren philosophi- schen Überzeugungen, sondern verdankt sich oftmals dem Einfluss östlicher Religionen und Weltanschauungen oder kann als eine rein subjektive Charakter- eigenschaft gedeutet werden.4 Darum lässt Schweitzer diese Ausnahmen nur be- dingt gelten.
[Show full text]