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Tower of London1 TOWER OF LONDON1 And yet — in fact you need only draw a single thread at any point you choose out of the fabric of life and the run will make a pathway across the whole, and down that wider pathway each of the other threads will become successively visible, one by one. — Heimito von Doderer, DIE DÂIMONEN “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY 1. In June 1842 Bronson Alcott would refer to the Tower of London as “a Golgotha.” HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1066 September 28: Duke William the Bastard of Normandy brought his warriors across the channel into England. Before this “Norman Conquest” the manor known as Waldana in the Hundred (district) of Udelesforda had been being held “in lordship” by Ansgar, Constable of the Tower of London and an important official in the court of King Edward the Confessor. After the dust settled this Waldana locale would become merely one of many granted by King William –coming to be known as the Conqueror– to the Norman noble Geoffrey de Mandeville. According to the Chronicle of Saint Martin of Tours, the man “who invented tournaments,” Geoffroi de Preuilli, a Frenchman, met his grim reaper in this year during a tournament at Angers. (The Germans reject this idea that the French had been 1st to joust, alleging that similar equestrian games had been played by the retainers of Louis the German way back when, in 842, and also by King Henry the Fowler circa 930.) NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Tower of London “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON December 25, Christmas: Within three months of his victory over Anglo-Saxon ruler Harold II, William the Bastard of Normandy had constructed the great stone tower of the Tower of London, or White Tower as it later would come to be known after it had received its first coat of whitewash, on the north bank of the Thames River at the old Roman town of London. Having thus taken care of the most pressing business need, on this Christmas day he had himself crowned as the new King William I of England. Eventually he would get around to such sharp-pencil issues as separating the churchly court system from the temporal court system: READ THE FULL TEXT HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON (Initially the fortress there had been a simple timber-and-earth enclosure tucked into the south-east angle formed by the joining of the original east and south stone walls of the old Roman town of Londinium Augusta, the original structure being completed by the addition of a ditch and palisade along the north and west sides.) DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. Tower of London “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1101 February 2, day (1100, Old Style): The Bishop of Durham, Ranulf de Flambard –who had as chief minister and administrator of the royal finances under the previous monarch King William II Rufus of England (ruled 1087- 1100) been made a scapegoat for the late king’s unpopular policies by being accused of extorting funds from the barons and the church, and who had been imprisoned on August 15, 1100 by order of the new monarch King Henry I– by lowering himself with a rope out of what is now known as the White Tower (it was not yet whitewashed) made himself the very 1st, but by no means the last, to escape from the Tower of London. He would be able to make his way to Normandy, where he would incite Duke Robert II Curthose to attempt an unsuccessful invasion of England — but after this trahison he would be restored to the royal favor of King Henry I and to his bishopric! HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON (Perhaps in the Tower they had been challenging him with Brussels sprouts, which in this period were being introduced.) Plant Name Place Brussels sprouts Brassica oleracea Northern Europe OTHERS Speaking of getting out of the pen before the end of a sentence, here’s something about the history of development of punctuation: From at least the twelfth century onwards there was a tendency among scribes who copied books to abandon earlier systems of punctuation marks in favour of a general repertory — a convention of punctuation familiar to us in the present day. (Nevertheless, there was no standardization in the forms of these marks before the dissemination of printing types.) ... As handwriting became more compressed during the course of the twelfth century, and the space between words decreased in size, the punctus [what we would call a period “.”] became the most common mark of punctuation. It was used to indicate all kinds of pauses, to introduce quotations, and to separate ... the punctus was generally used in combination with other symbols. These were the punctus elevatus [:] and punctus interrogatorious [?] from the liturgical repertory, and litterae notabiliores [this came to be our capital letters at the start of sentences]. — Malcolm Beckwith Parkes. PAUSE AND EFFECT: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF PUNCTUATION IN THE WEST. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993, pages 41-42 LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Tower of London HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1106 In the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, a miracle occurred. A flame spontaneously appeared inside the tomb of Jesus (this miracle would re-occur on each and every Great Saturday to follow). Robert, Duke of Normandy, a prisoner of war, died in prison at Devizes. Robert, Earl of Mortain, a prisoner of war in the Tower of London, was released by a miracle of the Holy Rood and became a monk of Bermondsey. LONDON THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Tower of London HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1150 The chronicles of South German in about this timeframe describe bohordicum jousts, between contestants who were not aristocrats. This word was based on a German term meaning a field that had been fenced off. During these mock battles two sides lined up and then ran at one another. The casualties were more severe than those at aristocratic tournaments, perhaps because these dudes weren’t sporting expensive suits of armor. Cheap iron farm tools were, however, becoming more common, with village blacksmithies becoming a regular part of European village life. At about this point the abbess and polymath Hildegard of Bingen authored a work describing the unicorn, a discriminate beast that was attracted only to women of high birth, never to peasants. At about this point William of Conches’s PHILOSOPHIA MUNDI pointed up yet again that natural phenomena result from natural causes. PALEONTOLOGY Constance of France was imprisoned in the Tower of London on orders of Geoffrey de Mandeville, and then released. LONDON THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Tower of London HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1191 William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, Justiciar of all England, had expanded the Tower of London as his principal fortress, extending the Roman wall westwards along the waterfront, added the Bell Tower, and then built a wall that headed north creating the Outer Ward. The bishop had a wide, deep ditch dug around the outside of the walls and attempted to flood this ditch with the waters of the river but did not succeed. When Prince John returned to England he set siege. This was the Tower’s 1st siege. After three days, running out of provisions, the bishop surrendered. LONDON CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT Tower of London “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1196 The Diet of Wurzburg. William Fitzosbert protested against the taxation levied for the rescue of Richard I, and was hanged in chains at the Tower of London. LONDON Yet another battle: at Miryokephalon the Seljuks under Kilij Arslan defeated the Byzantines under Manuel I, disrupting the Pax Romana. HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1199 Although Walden Castle had been at least partly demolished its remains appear, at this point, to have been habitable. In a civil strife in Assisi, the party of the shopkeepers routed the party of the nobles. Sir John de Courcy was sent to the Tower of London after a rebellion in Ireland. He would win release by serving as the English champion, in a dispute over the Duchy of Normandy. LONDON HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1211 During the reign of King John (1199-1216) the City of London began a moat outside its wall. The eastern end of this moat terminated close to the Tower of London, draining into the moat of the tower and, incidentally, raising quite a stench within the tower — which was causing some friction between the city’s Mayor and the Lieutenant of the Tower. HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON HDT WHAT? INDEX TOWER OF LONDON TOWER OF LONDON 1214 Maud or Matilda Fitzwalter repulsed the intimate advances of King John, and so he had her held in the northeast turret of the White Tower at the Tower of London.
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