DOCSLIB.ORG

Holocaust Und Vergangenheitspolitik in Rumänien“

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Holocaust Und Vergangenheitspolitik in Rumänien“ DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Holocaust und Vergangenheitspolitik in Rumänien“ Verfasserin Nina Maria Horbath angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 190 344 313 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Lehramtsstudium UniStG UF Englisch UniStG UF Geschichte, Sozialkunde Polit. Bildg. UniStG Betreuer: Doz. Dr. Hans Safrian 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. EINFÜHRUNG ..................................................................................................................... 5 2. DIE SITUATION DER RUMÄNISCHEN JUDEN VOR DEN WELTKRIEGEN ....... 7 2.1 Die Situation der rumänischen Juden in der Zeit vor dem ersten Weltkrieg ............................................ 7 2.2 Die Situation der rumänischen Juden in der Zwischenkriegszeit ............................................................... 9 3. DIE POLITISCHE SITUATION RUMÄNIENS IN DER ZWISCHENKRIEGSZEIT .................................................................................................................................................. 13 3.1 Die innenpolitische Situation Rumäniens in der Zwischenkriegszeit ........................................................ 13 3.2 Die außenpolitische Situation Rumäniens vor dem zweiten Weltkrieg .................................................... 16 3.2.1 Die Auswirkungen der außenpolitischen Lage Rumäniens auf das Schicksal der Juden ........................ 17 3.2.2 Die Auswirkungen der außenpolitischen Lage Rumäniens auf die Staatsführung .................................. 18 4. ION ANTONESCU ............................................................................................................ 20 4.1 Antonescu unmittelbar nach der Machtübernahme – Der „Nationallegionäre Staat“ ........................... 20 4.2 Rumänien unter Antonescu nach dem Ende des „Nationallegionären Staates“ ...................................... 23 4.2.1 Antonescu „Rumänisierungspolitik“ und ihre Legislative ....................................................................... 23 4.2.2 Der Kriegseintritt Rumäniens ................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.3 Die Eroberungen Transnistriens und Odessas .......................................................................................... 26 5. DEPORTATIONEN UND MASSENMORDE AN JUDEN UND ROMA ................... 30 5.1 Das Jassy Pogrom ........................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Der Einmarsch in die Regionen Bukowina und Bessarabien ..................................................................... 33 5.3 Ghettoisierung ................................................................................................................................................ 34 5.4 Deportation ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 5.5 Transnistrien .................................................................................................................................................. 37 5.5.1 Rechtliche Lage der Juden in Transnistrien ............................................................................................. 38 5.5.2 Das Leben in Transnistrien ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.5.3 Seuchen und damit verbundene Maßnahmen der transnistrischen Regierung ......................................... 40 5.5.4 Die geplanten Abschiebungen über den Bug ........................................................................................... 43 5.6 Das Schicksal anderer nicht-rumänischer Minderheiten ........................................................................... 43 6. DIE WENDE IN DER RUMÄNISCHEN ANTIJÜDISCHEN POLITIK .................... 48 6.1 Die Planung und der Abbruch der Deportationen in das Generalgouvernement ................................... 48 6.2 Die Rückführung und Emigration der Juden aus Transnistrien .............................................................. 51 7. DIE WENDE IM KRIEG UND DIE DAMIT VERBUNDENE SITUATION IN RUMÄNIEN ........................................................................................................................... 57 3 7.1 Die Annäherung an die Alliierten ................................................................................................................. 57 7.2 Die Verhandlungen um einen Waffenstillstand mit den Alliierten ........................................................... 59 7.3 Der Coup d’État gegen Ion Antonescu ......................................................................................................... 61 7.4 Die neue Regierung ........................................................................................................................................ 63 8. ZWISCHENRESÜMEE .................................................................................................... 65 9. VERGANGENHEITSPOLITIK ....................................................................................... 66 9.1 Die erste Phase der Vergangenheitspolitik .................................................................................................. 66 9.1.1 Die ersten Versuche der Verleugnung ...................................................................................................... 66 9.1.2 Die vorherrschenden Narrative der ersten Phase ...................................................................................... 67 9.2 Die zweite Phase der Vergangenheitspolitik ................................................................................................ 69 9.3 Die dritte Phase der Vergangenheitspolitik ................................................................................................. 72 9.3.1 Die Rehabilitierung Ion Antonescus und der Antonescu-Kult ................................................................. 72 9.3.2 Die Wende in der Vergangenheitspolitik ................................................................................................. 76 9.4 Die Implementierung der neuen Vergangenheitspolitik im Schulwesen .................................................. 81 9.5 Zur Vergangenheitspolitik in Bezug auf den Holocaust und die Verfolgung der Roma ......................... 84 10. FAZIT ................................................................................................................................ 86 11. ANHANG .......................................................................................................................... 88 11.1 Verwendete Literatur .................................................................................................................................. 88 11.2 Abbildungsverzeichnis ................................................................................................................................. 91 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ....................................................................................................... 92 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 93 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................................ 94 4 1. Einführung Am 11. November 2004 wurde Präsident Ion Iliescu der Final Report, eine umfangreiche Forschung zum Thema des Holocaust in Rumänien, von der dafür eigens einberufenen Historikerkommission unter der Leitung von Elie Wiesel übergeben.1 Dieser Final Report sollte aufzeigen, welches Unrecht den Menschen jüdischer Abstammung und den Roma in Rumänien während des zweiten Weltkrieges angetan worden war. Allerdings liegt eine relativ lange Zeitspanne zwischen der Verfolgung und Vernichtung der rumänischen Juden und Roma und der offiziellen, staatlich beauftragten Aufarbeitung dieses Themas. Dies lässt die Frage entstehen, was in Rumänien passiert sein konnte, dass die Vergangenheitspolitik 60 Jahre gebraucht hatte, bis sie damit begonnen hat, den Genozid unter dem Regime Ion Antonescus zu erforschen. Diese Arbeit soll sich dieser Frage widmen: Wie konnte es geschehen, dass Rumänien und die Vergangenheitspolitik des Landes 60 Jahre lang die Morde, die im Holocaust in Rumänien begangen worden waren, nicht erforscht hat? Wieso wurde nicht schon früher eine Historikerkommission damit beauftragt, die Forschung zu diesem Thema voranzutreiben und eine Grundlage für all jene Historiker zu schaffen, die in diesem Fachbereich arbeiten wollen? Welche Faktoren haben sich darauf ausgewirkt, dass eine Aufarbeitung der rumänischen Vergangenheit in Bezug auf den Holocaust erst nach mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert in Gang gesetzt werden konnte? Diese Fragen können aber erst geklärt werden, wenn man sich angesehen hat, wie der rumänische Holocaust überhaupt entstanden ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird es notwendig sein, den in der rumänischen Gesellschaft tief verankerten Antisemitismus zu besprechen, der schon in der Zeit vor dem ersten Weltkrieg seine Auswirkungen auf das Leben der rumänischen Juden zeigte. Dieser Antisemitismus schränkte sie in ihren Rechten zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten mehr oder weniger ein und fand seinen Höhepunkt in der Zeit des zweiten Weltkrieges. Kein anderes Land, außer Deutschland, hat den Holocaust an den Juden
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Raoul Wallenberg, Hero and Victim – His Life and Feats. by Jill Blonsky
    Raoul Wallenberg, hero and victim His life and feats By Jill Blonsky About the author Jill Blonsky resides in Chester, UK. As a long-standing member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation (IRWF) she coordinates the activities of the ONG in the United Kingdom. Ms. Blonsky has a significant experience working with NGO's and charities and she holds a M.A. (Hons) degree in Russian studies with Distinction in English, Education and History subsidiaries. She also has studies in other disciplines, including Forensic Psychology and Egyptology. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation (IRWF) is a global-reach NGO based in New York, with offices also in Berlin, Buenos Aires and Jerusalem. The IRWF's main mission is to preserve and divulge the legacy of Raoul Wallenberg and his likes, the courageous women and men who reached-out to the victims of the Holocaust. The IRWF focuses on research and education, striving to instil the spirit of solidarity of the Rescuers in the hearts and minds of the young generations. At the same time, the IRWF organizes campaigns for Raoul Wallenberg, the victim, trying to shed light on his whereabouts. Amongst its most notable campaign, a petition to President Putin, signed by more than 20,000 people and the institution of a 500,000 Euro reward for reliable information about the fate of Raoul Wallenberg and his chauffer, Vilmos Langfelder, both of them abducted by the Soviets on January 17th, 1945. Contents: 1. The Lull before the Storm i. Attitude to Jews pre 1944 ii. The Nazis enter Hungary iii. The Allies Wake Up 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Romanian-German Relations Before and During the Holocaust
    ROMANIAN-GERMAN RELATIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE HOLOCAUST Introduction It was a paradox of the Second World War that Ion Antonescu, well known to be pro- Occidental, sided with Germany and led Romania in the war against the Allies. Yet, Romania’s alliance with Germany occurred against the background of the gradually eroding international order established at the end of World War I. Other contextual factors included the re-emergence of Germany as a great power after the rise of the National Socialist government and the growing involvement of the Soviet Union in European international relations. In East Central Europe, the years following the First World War were marked by a rise in nationalism characterized by strained relations between the new nation-states and their ethnic minorities.1 At the same time, France and England were increasingly reluctant to commit force to uphold the terms of the Versailles Treaty, and the Comintern began to view ethnic minorities as potential tools in the “anti-imperialist struggle.”2 In 1920, Romania had no disputes with Germany, while its eastern border was not recognized by the Soviet Union. Romanian-German Relations during the Interwar Period In the early twenties, relations between Romania and Germany were dominated by two issues: the reestablishment of bilateral trade and German reparations for war damages incurred during the World War I German occupation. The German side was mainly interested in trade, whereas the Romanian side wanted first to resolve the conflict over reparations. A settlement was reached only in 1928. The Berlin government acted very cautiously at that time.
    [Show full text]
  • Arendt Hannah – Eichmann En Jerusalen
    A partir del juicio que en 1961 se llevó a cabo contra Adolf Eichmann, SS-Obersturmbannführer (teniente coronel de las SS) y uno de los mayores criminales de la historia, Hannah Arendt estudia en este ensayo las causas que propiciaron el holocausto, el papel equívoco que desempeñaron en tal genocidio los consejos judíos -cuestión que, en su época, fue motivo de una airada controversia-, así como la naturaleza y la función de la justicia, aspecto que la lleva a plantear la necesidad de instituir un tribunal internacional capaz de juzgar crímenes contra la humanidad. Poco a poco, la mirada lúcida y penetrante de Arendt va desentrañando la personalidad del acusado, analiza su contexto social y político y su rigor intachable a la hora de organizar la deportación y el exterminio de las comunidades judías. Al mismo tiempo, la filósofa alemana estudia la colaboración o la resistencia en la aplicación de la Solución Final por parte de algunas naciones ocupadas, expone problemas que aún hoy día no se han dilucidado -la relación entre la legalidad y la justicia- y cuya trascendencia sigue determinando la escena política de nuestros días.Treinta años después de su publicación, “Eichmann en Jerusalén” sigue siendo uno de los mejores estudios sobre el holocausto, un ensayo de lectura inaplazable para entender lo que sin duda fue la gran tragedia del siglo XX. Hannah Arendt Eichmann, en Jerusalén. Un estudio sobre la banalidad del mal Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) Filósofa alemana de origen judío, se doctoró en filosofía en la Universidad de Heidelberg. Emigrada a Estados Unidos, dio clases en las universidades de California, Chicago, Columbia y Princeton.
    [Show full text]
  • Raoul Wallenberg: Report of the Swedish-Russian Working Group
    Raoul Wallenberg Report of the Swedish-Russian Working Group STOCKHOLM 2000 Additional copies of this report can be ordered from: Fritzes kundservice 106 47 Stockholm Fax: 08-690 9191 Tel: 08-690 9190 Internet: www.fritzes.se E-mail: [email protected] Ministry for Foreign Affairs Department for Central and Eastern Europe SE-103 39 Stockholm Tel: 08-405 10 00 Fax: 08-723 11 76 _______________ Editorial group: Ingrid Palmklint, Daniel Larsson Cover design: Ingrid Palmklint Cover photo: Raoul Wallenberg in Budapest, November 1944, Raoul Wallenbergföreningen Printed by: Elanders Gotab AB, Stockholm, 2000 ISBN: ISBN: 91-7496-230-2 2 Contents Preface ..........................................7 I Introduction ...................................9 II Planning and implementation ..................12 Examining the records.............................. 16 Interviews......................................... 22 III Political background - The USSR 1944-1957 ...24 IV Soviet Security Organs 1945-1947 .............28 V Raoul Wallenberg in Budapest .................32 Background to the assignment....................... 32 Operations begin................................... 34 Protective power assignment........................ 37 Did Raoul Wallenberg visit Stockholm in late autumn 1944?.............................................. 38 VI American papers on Raoul Wallenberg - was he an undercover agent for OSS? .........40 Conclusions........................................ 44 VII Circumstances surrounding Raoul Wallenberg’s detention and arrest in Budapest
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi ‘Experts’ on the ‘Jewish Question’ and the Romanian-German Relations, 1940–1944
    fascism 4 (2015) 48-100 brill.com/fasc Ideological Transfers and Bureaucratic Entanglements: Nazi ‘Experts’ on the ‘Jewish Question’ and the Romanian-German Relations, 1940–1944 Constantin Iordachi Associate Professor, Central European University, Department of History Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Ottmar Traşcă Research Fellow, Institute of History ‘George Baritiu’ Cluj-Napoca Romanian Academy of Science [email protected] Abstract This article focuses on the transfer of the Nazi legal and ideological model to East Central Europe and its subsequent adoption, modification and fusion with local legal-political practices. To illustrate this process, we explore the evolution of the anti-Semitic policy of the Antonescu regime in Romania (1940–1944) from an under- researched perspective: the activity of the Nazi ‘advisors on the Jewish Question’ dis- patched to Bucharest. Based on a wide range of published and unpublished archival sources, we attempt to provide answers to the following questions: To what extent did the Third Reich shape Romania’s anti-Semitic polices during the Second World War? What was the role played by the Nazi advisors in this process? In answering these ques- tions, special attention is devoted to the activity of the Hauptsturmführer ss Gustav Richter, who served as Berater für Juden und Arisierungsfragen [advisor to the Jewish and Aryanization questions] in the German Legation in Bucharest from 1st of April 1941 until 23 August 1944. We argue that, by evaluating the work of the Nazi experts in Bucharest, we can better grasp the immediate as well as the longer-term objectives * The authors would like to thank Sven Reichardt, K.K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Supreme Commander of the Army the Department of the Civil Government of Transnistria Ordinance No
    Annex The Supreme Commander of the Army the Department of the Civil Government of Transnistria Ordinance no. 23 We, ION ANTONESCU, Marshal of Romania, Commander-in-Chief of the Army: Through Professor G. ALEXIANU, Civil Governor; With regard to the fact that there is a large jewish population on the territory of Transnistria which has been evacuated from various battle-zones, in order to protect the rear of the front; With regard to the need to organize communal living for this evacuated population; Seeing that this population must find a means of existence on its own account and through labour; By virtue of the full powers accorded by Decree no. 1 of 19 August 1941, issued at Tighina; We command: Article 1 All jews who have come from the battle-front in Transnistria, as well as jews from Transnistria, who for the same reasons were moved into various centres, or those who remain to be moved, are subject to the rules of life established by this present ordinance. Article 2 The Inspectorate of Gendarmes in Transnistria determines the localities where the jews can be housed. The Jews will be housed with regard to the size of their family in the dwellings abandoned by the Russian or jewish refugees. Each family of jews who receive a dwelling will be obliged to tidy it up forthwith and to keep it clean. If there are not enough of these dwellings, the Jews will also be housed in private homes, which will be allocated to them, for which they will pay the determined rent.
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933-1945
    NAZI GERMANY AND THE JEWS, 1933–1945 ABRIDGED EDITION SAUL FRIEDLÄNDER Abridged by Orna Kenan To Una CONTENTS Foreword v Acknowledgments xiii Maps xv PART ONE : PERSECUTION (January 1933–August 1939) 1. Into the Third Reich: January 1933– December 1933 3 2. The Spirit of the Laws: January 1934– February 1936 32 3. Ideology and Card Index: March 1936– March 1938 61 4. Radicalization: March 1938–November 1938 87 5. A Broken Remnant: November 1938– September 1939 111 PART TWO : TERROR (September 1939–December 1941) 6. Poland Under German Rule: September 1939– April 1940 143 7. A New European Order: May 1940– December 1940 171 iv CONTENTS 8. A Tightening Noose: December 1940–June 1941 200 9. The Eastern Onslaught: June 1941– September 1941 229 10. The “Final Solution”: September 1941– December 1941 259 PART THREE : SHOAH (January 1942–May 1945) 11. Total Extermination: January 1942–June 1942 287 12. Total Extermination: July 1942–March 1943 316 13. Total Extermination: March 1943–October 1943 345 14. Total Extermination: Fall 1943–Spring 1944 374 15. The End: March 1944–May 1945 395 Notes 423 Selected Bibliography 449 Index 457 About the Author About the Abridger Other Books by Saul Friedlander Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher FOREWORD his abridged edition of Saul Friedländer’s two volume his- Ttory of Nazi Germany and the Jews is not meant to replace the original. Ideally it should encourage its readers to turn to the full-fledged version with its wealth of details and interpre- tive nuances, which of necessity could not be rendered here.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania Presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu November 11, 2004 Bucharest, Romania NOTE: The English text of this Report is currently in preparation for publication. © International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. All rights reserved. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS HISTORICAL FINDINGS Statement of Fact and Responsibility The Holocaust was the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany, its allies, and collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Not only Jews were victimized during this period. Persecution and mass arrests were perpetrated against ethnic groups such as Sinti and Roma, people with disabilities, political opponents, homosexuals, and others. A significant percentage of the Romanian Jewish community was destroyed during World War II. Systematic killing and deportation were perpetrated against the Jews of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Dorohoi County. Transnistria, the part of occupied Ukraine under Romanian administration, served Romania as a giant killing field for Jews. The Commission concludes, together with the large majority of bona fide researchers in this field, that the Romanian authorities were the main perpetrators of this Holocaust, in both its planning and implementation. This encompasses the systematic deportation and extermination of nearly all the Jews of Bessarabia and Bukovina as well some Jews from other parts of Romania to Transnistria, the mass killings of Romanian and local Jews in Transnistria, the massive execution of Jews during the Iasi pogrom; the systematic discrimination and degradation applied to Romanian Jews during the Antonescu administration—including the expropriation of assets, dismissal from jobs, the forced evacuation from rural areas and concentration in district capitals and camps, and the massive utilization of Jews as forced laborers under the same administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Yad-Vashem-Holocaust-Timeline.Pdf
    Timeline Jump to: 1914-1933 1934-1939 1940-1945 View as timeline 8/1/1914 World War I Begins Following the crisis touched off by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, Germany declared war on Russia and additional countries joined the war within several days. The Central Powers (Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire) fought against the Allied powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia). In November 1914, Turkey sided with the Central Powers; in 1915, Italy joined the Allies. 4/24/1915 The Armenian Genocide In the first year of World War I, in the course of war between Turkey and Russia in the Armenian provinces of Turkey, the Turks questioned the Armenians' loyalties and drove them out of their homes. At least 1 million Armenians, about half of the Armenian population in Turkey, were murdered in the expulsion by the Turks. 11/2/1917 Balfour Declaration The British Foreign Secretary, Lord Arthur James Balfour, proclaimed Britain's support of the creation of a national home for the Jews in Palestine. This declaration, given after British forces had already taken control of the southern part of Palestine and were about to occupy its north, transformed the Zionist vision into a political program that seemed attainable. 11/7/1917 Communist Revolution in Russia In response to Russia's defeat on the front, Czar Nicholas II was dethroned in a revolution in March 1917 and a new government of mixed liberal-conservative complexion came into being. As political deadlock and defeats on the front continued, the socialists gained in popularity and their radical wing, the Bolshevik party, under Lenin, called for immediate peace and apportionment of land to the peasants.
    [Show full text]
  • Life of the Jewish Community Under Antonescu
    THE LIFE OF JEWISH COMMUNITY UNDER ION ANTONESCU AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITY’S RESPONSE TO THE HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA The Federation of Jewish Communities and the Resistance to Antisemitism and Terror The Role of Dr. Wilhelm Filderman (September 1940-December 1941) The decisive role in the organization of the Jewish struggle for survival during the Holocaust was devolved to the institutions of the Jewish community.1 An entire institutional network for religious services, community culture, education, and social assistance was charged with addressing the moral, social, intellectual, and material needs of Jews during the regimes of Ion Antonescu. Between 1940 and 1941, the Federation of Jewish Communities (Federatia Uniunilor de Comunitati Evreiesti; FUCE) played the leading role. The president of the Federation, Dr. Wilhelm Filderman, was the initiator and political leader of Jewish life at that historical moment when the Jewish community in Romania was confronted with the most complex problems of its entire history. Although his activity had to be focused on solving everyday problems (as all the antisemitic measures had a direct effect at this level), his efforts did not have only an administrative dimension. Solving those many problems required great tact, political vision, flexibility, and the capacity to adapt to a specific historical context. Wilhelm Filderman adopted appropriate tactics in response, such as petitions and audiences with the prominent figures in Romanian political and clerical life who had influence in governmental circles and agreed to intervene on behalf of Jews. He continued this activity even after the dismantling of the Federation. “The patent of petitions was held by Filderman,” wrote Theodor Lavy, a Zionist leader.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghettos 1939–1945 New Research and Perspectives on Definition, Daily Life, and Survival
    UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Ghettos 1939–1945 New Research and Perspectives on Definition, Daily Life, and Survival Symposium Presentations W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Ghettos 1939–1945 New Research and Perspectives on Definition, Daily Life, and Survival Symposium Presentations CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2005 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The articles in this collection are not transcripts of the papers as presented, but rather extended or revised versions that incorporate additional information and citations. All the contributions were copyedited. Although the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum makes every reasonable effort to provide accurate information, the Museum cannot guarantee the reliability, currency, or completeness of the material contained in the individual papers. First printing, August 2005 Copyright © 2005 by Christopher R. Browning; Copyright © 2005 by Dennis Deletant; Copyright © 2005 by Dan Michman; Copyright © 2005 by Sara Bender; Copyright © 2005 by Alexandra Garbarini; Copyright © 2005 by Gershon Greenberg; Copyright © 2005 by Henry M. Abramson. Contents Foreword.......................................................................................................................................... i Paul A. Shapiro
    [Show full text]
  • Women and World War II
    Faculty of Arts Comenius University in Bratislava Department of General History Polish Institute in Bratislava ATID, civil association Visegrad Fund Women and World War II Bratislava 2016 50 Rolle einiger Frauen bei der Rettung von Juden in Rumänien 1941-1945 HAUSLEITNER, Mariana Abstract Only a few historians in Romania who did research on the protectors of Jews, highlighted those protectors who were being honored in Yad Vashem. Especially the role of two women became somewhat better known. Viorica Agarici of the Romanian Red Cross got involved in the process of saving several Jews in 1941. The other woman who protested in 1942, when the Germans announced that Jews from Roma- nia were to be deported to the camp Bełżec, was the mother of a young king Mihai called Elena. To this date, no research has been conducted on the Romanian and Jewish women who got involved in the saving of over 5.000 orphaned children from the Romanian occupation territory Transnistria. Some publications informed about the autonomous Help-Commission at the Jewish Center. The article shows how a group of Jewish women collected garments and medication for the deported Jews from Romania in the camps of Transnistria. They closely cooperated with some Romanian women who distributed these goods through the channels of the Romanian Red Cross. After a long struggle in the spring of 1944, the frst orphaned children were repatriated to Romania and were later brought to Palestine by ship in 1944/1945. Die verspätete Aufarbeitung der Judenverfolgung Über die Verfolgung der Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg wird in Rumänien erst in den letzten zwanzig Jahren intensiver geforscht.
    [Show full text]