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INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION of BALTIC SEA SCIENCE 2002-2006 BONUS Publication No INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION OF SEA BALTIC SCIENCE 2002-2006 BONUS Publication No. 9 ISBN 978-952-67033-4-3 (print) ISBN 978-952-67033-5-0 (PDF) Orders: BONUS Baltic Organisations Network for Funding Science EEIG INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION Hämeentie 33, FIN-00500 Helsinki, Finland OF BALTIC SEA SCIENCE 2002-2006 BONUS Publication No. 9 Bonus_Publ_IX_II.indd 2 6.10.2008 10:50:34 INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION OF BALTIC SEA SCIENCE 2002–2006 Layout: PixPoint ky Cover: Antti Kamppinen (ajk@saunalahti.fi ) Press: Juvenes Print – Ammattikuva, Tampere 2008 Copyright: BONUS ERA-NET Project 2008 Web address: www.bonusportal.org www.balticsearesearch.net ISBN 978-952-67033-4-3 (print) ISBN 978-952-67033-5-0 (pdf) 2 INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION OF BALTIC SEA SCIENCE 2002–20061 By Pauline Snoeijs Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] Kaisa Kononen BONUS EEIG Secretariat, Hämeentie 33 FI-00500 Helsinki, Finland kaisa.kononen@bonuseeig.fi Jessica Umegård FORMAS Research Council, Box 1206 SE-11182 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] 1 Recommended citation: Snoeijs P., K. Kononen, J. Umegård 2008. International Publication of Baltic Sea Science. BONUS Publication No. 9. 3 4 BONUS is an EU 6th Framework Programme ERA- Partners NET project with a total funding of €3.03 M for years 2004-2008. The project brings together the key – Academy of Finland research funding organisations in all EU Member – Project Management Organisation Juelich, States and Russia around the Baltic Sea. The aim is Germany to create gradually and systematically conditions for – Danish Agency for Science, Technology and a joint Baltic Sea research and researcher training Innovation programme. BONUS operates in close connection – Estonian Science Foundation with scientific and management actors. – International Council for the Exploration of the Sea – Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic The objective of BONUS is of Lithuania to form a network and partnership of key agencies funding – Latvian Council of Science research aiming at deepening the understanding of – Ministry of Science and Higher Education, conditions for science-based management of environmental Poland issues in the Baltic Sea. – Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, Sweden The ‘status quo’ in ongoing research, research – Swedish Research Council for Environment, funding, marine research programme management Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning and infrastructures is examined and necessary – Swedish Environmental Protection Agency communication and networking tools are established. – Russian Foundation for Basic Research The needs and conditions for a joint research – Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of programme from a scientific and administrative point Sciences of view are examined. The integration of the new EU – Baltic Organisations Network for Funding Science Member States into the common funding scheme is EEIG, Coordinator considered in one of the tasks. Finally, an Action Plan for creating joint research programmes, including all jointly agreed procedures of programme management Observers and aspects of common use of marine research – Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt infrastructure, is produced. An additional activity is – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft the development of a common postgraduate training – Estonian Ministry of Environment scheme. – Latvian Environment Agency – Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation, Finland The consortium is composed of a total of 14 partners: – Nordic Council of Ministers: Marine and air 13 research funding organisations from nine countries pollution group and one international organisation. In addition, BONUS links six funding organisations as observers, which increases the number of involved organisations Further information to 20. BONUS EEIG Secretariat Hämeentie 33 FI-00500 Helsinki Finland www.balticsearesearch.net, www.bonusportal.org 5 6 Previously published in the BONUS Publication Series: 1. BONUS ERA-NET 2004-2007 2. The Joint Baltic Sea Research Programme – Best Practice, Possibilities and Barriers 3. Baltic Sea Research and R&D Funding in 2004 4. Guidelines for a Common Evaluation Scheme for a Joint Baltic Research Programme 5. BONUS-169 Baltic Sea Science Plan and Implementation Strategy 6. Identifi cation of Cooperation Areas and Gaps in Existing Programmes 7. Baltic School of Researchers 8. The BONUS Cook book: Building Administrative Framework for the Joint Baltic Sea Research Programme 7 Acknowledgements We thank Christopher C.E. Hopkins and certain members of the BONUS Advisory Board and the BONUS Network Steering Committee for their comments on parts of the manuscript while preparing this report. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY . 10 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background . 12 1.2 Input from society: R&D funding 2004 . 12 1.3 Output from science: scientifi c publications 2002-2006 . 13 2. METHODS 2.1 Bibliometrics . 14 2.2 Selection of international publications. 14 3. RESEARCH VOLUME, QUALITY AND COSTS 3.1 Journals . 16 3.2 Number of authors per paper . 17 3.3 Number of papers per author . 17 3.4 Number of countries per paper . 17 3.5 Number of papers per country . 17 3.6 Number of papers per drainage-basin share. 20 3.7 R&D funding . 21 3.8 Journal statistics . 24 4. RESEARCH COOPERATION 4.1 Overview of cooperation . 26 4.2 National cooperation . 26 4.3 International cooperation. 26 5. RESEARCH CONTENTS 5.1 Classifi cation of research contents . 30 5.2 Scientifi c discipline . 31 5.3 Research item. 33 5.4 Scientifi c class . 38 5.5 Thematic research focus. 42 6. SYNTHESIS OF INPUT AND OUTPUT 6.1 Quantity . 47 6.2 Quality . 49 6.3 Cost-effi ciency . 50 7. CONCLUSIONS . 53 8. LIST OF THE 1,975 PAPERS IN ISI-RANKED JOURNALS 2002–2006 . 55 9 SUMMARY Sustainable management of the Baltic Sea ecosystem 2005). This investigation was based on questionnaires is not possible without sound scientifi c knowledge on targeted at funding organisations and research institutes ecosystem functioning, impacts arising from human in the nine Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Estonia, activities, technological solutions and socio-economical Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Poland, Russia regulation mechanisms. Baltic Sea research is carried and Sweden). Altogether, 882 research projects were out in all countries surrounding the sea, in several large active at a total cost of € 51.6 M. research programmes, in many research institutes and universities, in hundreds of projects and by thousands As the output measure we carried out a bibliometric of scientists. The existing knowledge and expertise on analysis on the years 2002–2006. This study provides the Baltic Sea ecosystem in the natural science fi elds of comparisons of scientifi c publications based on biology, chemistry, toxicology, physics and geology are scientifi c discipline, research item, scientifi c class, extensive. The operational output of the BONUS ERA- thematic research focus, degree of cooperation within NET project, BONUS+ and BONUS-169 will build and between countries and institutes, publication on this by supporting interdisciplinary integration of volume, quality and costs per publication for the whole this existing knowledge into usable instruments for volume of Baltic Sea research and for each Baltic Sea decision-makers and by supporting highly innovative country separately. Altogether, 3,395 research papers scientifi c projects (see ‘BONUS-169 Baltic Sea were identifi ed in 15 literature databases by using the Science Plan and Implementation Strategy’, BONUS search criteria ‘Baltic Sea’, ‘Oresund’, ‘Danish Belt’ or Publication No. 5, 2006). Which management actions ‘Kattegat(t)’. Of these, 1,975 papers matched the two should be taken to relieve environmental stresses on the criteria set: an original research paper or review paper Baltic Sea ecosystem is also well known. For example, on Baltic Sea science and published in an ISI-ranked nutrient discharges should be decreased, unsustainable journal. fi sheries should be stopped, and costly technological solutions should be applied. However, very little Research volume. The 1,975 papers were published is known about how to implement such actions by in 384 different ISI-ranked journals, and 76 (20%) integrating the ecosystem and society and linking of the journals published on average more than one science and policy. These are major goals for research paper on Baltic Sea science per year. The 1,975 papers projects supported by BONUS+ and BONUS-169. were authored by 3,626 different scientists, but only Finding integrative solutions to the environmental 36 (1%) of the authors published on average more problems of the Baltic Sea is a challenge for natural than two papers per year. In total, 49 countries were and social sciences working in close cooperation with involved in publishing Baltic Sea science: the nine each other and with actors in society (politicians, Baltic Sea countries, 21 other European countries and industries, environmental managers and the general 19 non-European countries. At least one of the nine public). Baltic Sea countries was involved in the publication of 93% of the papers, while 7% were authored solely by To summarise and analyse the present volume and scientists from countries outside the Baltic Sea area. quality of scientifi c research dealing with the Baltic Sea ecosystem, we link the volume of R&D funding Research quality. The journal impact factor should be (input) to the international publication of research used with care because it greatly depends on scientifi c results
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