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Chapter 10 - An Introduction to Marine Ecology Chapter 10 6. The ecological niche of a species refers to: An Introduction to Marine Ecology A. Its habitat and range. Multiple Choice Questions B. Position of the organism in the food web. C. Role in the community and all associated biotic 1. All of the following are examples of abiotic and abiotic factors. factors except: D. Mode of reproduction and food habits. A. Salinity. E. Behavior in relation to other species in the B. Predation. community. C. Substrate. D. Temperature. 7. Predation can be best defined as: E. Light. A. A plant taking in nutrients. B. An animal eating scavenged decayed material. 2. An example of a community is: C. An animal eating a plant. A. One giant kelp individual. D. An animal eating any other organism. B. A kelp forest plus all of the physical factors E. A plant carrying out photosynthesis. affecting it. C. All physical factors affecting a kelp forest. 8. One of these is an example of coevolution: D. A kelp forest plus all organisms living in it. A. A seaweed evolving better ways to capture E. Several giant kelp individuals living in one sunlight energy. particular area. B. A seaweed evolving a mechanism allowing it to take in a particular nutrient. 3. Exponential growth in a population may be C. A limpet getting adapted to live along coasts slowed as a result of: exposed to heavier wave action. A. Reduction in light. D. A limpet evolving a behavior that allows it to B. Reduction of nutrients. escape from a seastar predator. C. Increase of predators. E. A seastar becoming adapted to move higher up D. Reduction in light and Reduction of nutrients along rocky shores during low tides. only. E. Reduction of nutrients and Increase of predators 9. Zooxanthellae live within the tissues of corals only. and both organisms benefit from the association. This is known as: 4. The type of interaction that results when a A. Mutualism. resource is in short supply and one organism uses B. Predation. the resource at the expense of the other is called: C. Commensalism. A. Population explosion. D. Parasitism. B. Predation. E. Cleaning symbiosis. C. Resource partitioning. D. Self-regulation. 10. Cleaning symbiosis is an example of symbiosis E. Competition. because the partners involved in the association: A. Are not harmed. 5. Competitive exclusion can be best defined as: B. Are both harmed if we closely study their A. When one species overcompetes and eliminates association. another. C. Both have coevolved into a close association. B. The creation of a separate ecological niche by a D. One is harmed while the other is not. new species. E. One species benefits while the other is C. The division of resources. unaffected. D. When one species shares limiting resources with another. E. When competition results in the elimination of particular limiting resources. 1 Chapter 10 - An Introduction to Marine Ecology 11. The following is a synonym of autotrophs: 17. The detritus in the water includes: A. Consumer. A. Dead organic matter B. Primary producer. B. Waste products dissolved in water C. Heterotroph. C. All of the plankton D. Animal. D. Smallest plankton-feeding fishes E. Predator. E. Smallest algae 12. The difference between food webs and food 18. A fundamental role of decomposers: chains is that food webs: A. Releasing nutrients to be used by autotrophs. A. Consist of only one trophic level. B. Causing diseases. B. Include primary producers as well as consumers. C. Providing food for carnivores. C. Do not take into account predators. D. Releasing oxygen. D. Only outline feeding relationships among E. Providing energy for autotrophs. consumers. E. Are more complex. 19. Net primary productivity is best defined as: A. The total amount of biomass created by 13. The level in a food web above the primary producers. producers would be the: B. The total amount of biomass created by A. Top predators. producers after energy loss to metabolism is B. Secondary consumers. factored. C. Carnivores. C. The total biomass of producers in the water in a D. Primary consumers. given habitat. E. Parasites. D. The total biomass of producers in the ocean. E. None of the choices are correct. 14. Which of the following could be a tertiary consumer? 20. In the dark-light bottle experiment, one of the A. A seaweed following is measured in the dark bottle: B. A grazer A. Photosynthesis. C. A carnivore B. Respiration. D. An autotroph C. Decomposition. E. A herbivore D. Photosynthesis plus respiration. E. Chlorophyll concentration. 15. On the average, what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next 21. The amount of chlorophyll in the water is a trophic level? direct estimate of: A. 1% A. Primary production. B. 2% B. Respiration. C. 5% C. Standing stock of phytoplankton. D. 10% D. Oxygen utilization. E. 15% E. Release of nutrients. 16. The pyramid of biomass shows the: A. Transfer of energy between each trophic level B. Energy in each trophic level C. Weight of organisms in an trophic level D. Weight of organisms in entire food web E. Number of individuals in each trophic level 2 Chapter 10 - An Introduction to Marine Ecology 22. In the carbon cycle, seaweeds and plants play a 28. Which of the following is an example of fundamental role by: intraspecific competition? A. Increasing the amount of dissolved carbon A. Two species of barnacles competing for space on dioxide as a result of decomposition. a rocky shoreline B. Decreasing the amount of dissolved carbon B. Two species of dolphins feeding on the same dioxide as a result of respiration. population of fish C. Increasing the amount of dissolved carbon C. Two individuals in a population of clownfish dioxide as a result of photosynthesis. attempt to use the same anemone as habitat D. Decreasing the amount of detritus. D. Two species of fish attempt to use the same E. Decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide as a rocky ledge as habitat result of photosynthesis. E. Two species of seals fight over space on a beach to rear their young 23. Nitrogen fixation is performed at sea by: A. Seaweeds. 29. A population's carrying capacity is: B. Cyanobacteria. A. Affected by the growth rate of the population. C. Phytoplankton. B. The number of individuals a habitat can support D. Zooplankton. with available resources. E. All answers are correct. C. A constant that has been predetermined for all habitats. 24. Sessile organisms are part of the: D. The number of individuals in a habitat. A. Benthos. E. Determined by comparing birth rate and death B. Nekton. rate in a population. C. Plankton. D. Pelagic type of organisms. 30. In competitive exclusion, which of the E. Zooplankton only. following is true? A. Two species cannot coexist in a habitat 25. The subtidal zone is the area: B. One species is a better competitor for resources A. Between low and high tide. C. Leads to intraspecific competition B. Beyond the continental shelf. D. Results from intraspecific completion C. Between the intertidal zone and the edge of the E. Leads to population growth for both competitors continental shelf. D. Where pelagic organisms live. 31. A disadvantage of resource partitioning is: E. Above the highest tide. A. Size of competing populations increase exponentially and consume all resources. 26. Competive exclusion may be affected by: B. Size of competing populations may decrease. A. Abundance of a resource. C. Resources become more plentiful. B. Disturbances to habitat. D. Competing populations coexist without affecting C. Temperature changes. each other. D. All answers are correct. E. No disadvantages exist. E. Disturbances to habitat and Temperature changes only. 32. In a salt marsh, a fish eats decaying material from around the base of Spartina grass plants. A 27. Self-regulating of population numbers acts only snail scrapes algae from the stalks of the Spartina when the population is: grass. These species can coexist in the same area A. Large. because they have: B. Small. A. The same niche, but different habitat. C. Stable. B. The same habitat and the same niche. D. Threatened. C. The same habitat, but different niche. E. Declining. D. Different habitats and different niches. E. None of the choices are correct. 3 Chapter 10 - An Introduction to Marine Ecology 33. The term trophic refers to: A. Competition. B. Feeding. C. Symbiosis. D. Reproduction. E. Habitat. 34. A chiton increases the abundance of its prey, a corraline algae, by feeding on the algae which stimulates growth of that algae. This is an example of: A. Directional selection. B. Stabilizing selection. C. Competitive exclusion. D. Trophic cascade. E. Indirect interaction. 35. An algae begins to produce chemical defenses after it has been grazed upon by a herbivore. This is an example of: A. inducible defense. B. Dependent defense. C. Reactive defense. D. deliberate defense. E. Designed defense. 36. Organisms that are classified as benthic would most likely be found in the: A. Neritic zone. B. Pelagic zone. C. Oceanic zone. D. Abyssal zone. E. Epipelagic zone. 37. Besides fixation by photosynthesis a large amount of carbon dioxide may be deposited in the oceans in the chemical form of: A. Nucleic acids. B. Calcium carbonate. C. Lipids. D. Carbonic acid. 4 Chapter 11 - Between the Tides Chapter 11 6. A rocky shoreline would be most likely to be Between the Tides found in: Multiple Choice Questions A. California. 1. The lower limit of the intertidal zone is the: B. Massachusetts. A. Average high tide. C. Hawaii. B. Average middle tide. D. All answers are correct. C. Lowest low tide.
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