rssN 0111 - 4794

Fisheries Environmental Report No. 21

The relative value of rivers in the Taranak¡ region to Taranaki, Hawetà, and Stratford anglers

Fisheries Research Division Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wellington F'i sheri es Env'i ronmental Report No. 2I

The relative value of rìvens in the Taranakj region

to Taranaki, Hawera, and Stratford anglers

by

L.D. Tei rney J. R'ichardson

M.J . Unw'i n

F'isheni es Research Di vi si on N.Z. Ministry of Agricultune and Fisheries

t{el I i ngton

November

1984 F ISHERIES ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS

This neport is one of a series of reports issued by Fisheries Research Division on 'important issues related to environmental mattens. They are i ssued undbr the fol'low'ing criter''ia: (1) They are informal and should not be cited without the author's perm'ission.*

(2) They are for l'imited c'irculation, so that persons and ongan'isati ons normal ly rece j vi ng F'isheries Research Di vi sì on pubìications should not expect to rece'ive copies automatically. (3) Copies wiì1 be issued initially to organ'isat'ions to which the repont ìs d'irectly relevant.

(4) Copies wilì be issued to other appropriate organ'isations on request to F'isheries Research Divis'ion, Ministry of Agricultune and Fisheries, P.0. Box 8324, Riccarton, Christchurch. (5) These reports wìlì be'issued whene a substant'ial report is requi red with a ti me constrai nt, ê. g. , a submi ss'ion for a tri bunal heari ng. 'interi (6 ) They wi ì I al so be i ssued as m reports of on -goi ng envi ronmental studi es for whi ch year by year olintermittent reporting ìs advantageous. These interim reports wiì'l not preclude formal scientif ic publication.

* This report is exempt from this condition. CONTE NTS

Page

P reface

1. Introducti on 2. Results 14

3. Characteristics of 15 Rivers and Streams in the 25 Taranakì reg'ion 3. 1 Manganui R'i ver 25 3.1.1 Maketawa Stream 26 3.2 lrlai ongana St ream 26 3.3 I,laiwhaka'iho Ri ver 27 3.3.1 Mangorei Stream 27 3.3.? Kai auai Stream 28 3.4 Te Henu'i Stream 28 3.5 Stony (Hangatahua) Rìver 29 3.6 Warea Ri ver 29 3.7 Wa'iaua Ri ver 30 3.8 Kaupokonu'i Stream 30 3.8.1 Mangawhero Stream 31 3.9 Kapun'i St ream 32 3. 10 I^lai ngongoro Ri ver 32 3.11 Patea R'iver 33

4. Di scuss'ion 34

5. Acknowl edgments 37

6. L'iterature Cited 37

Appendi x I. Taranaki, Hawena, and Stratford 39 Accl jmat'isation Society survey booklets

Appendi x I I. F requency h'i stograms of ang'lers ' 1-5 ratì ngs 7T ass'igned to the importance, or vaìue, of each ri ver they fì shed and to each of seven factors whìch contrjbute to the angling experience on 15 r'ivers 'in the Taranak'i region which attracted more than 25 respondents

Appendi x I I I. F requency hì stograms of ang'l ers ' 1-5 rati ngs 79 assigned to the importance, on vaìue, and to each of the seven factors wh'ich contribute to the angling experience on three rivers in the Taranaki reg'ion which attracted 10 or more respondents f rom two accl i mat'i sat'ion socì ety di st ri cts

Append'i x IV. Frequency histograms of anglers' 1-5 ratings 83 ass'igned to the importance, or value, of each ri ver they fi shed and to each of seven factors which contribute to the angling experience on the 16 ri vers i n the Taranak'i reg'ion wh'ich attracted 10-25 respondents TABLES

Page

1. Length and gradi ent of selected Taranaki rivers 11

2. Numbers of Taranaki, Hawera, and Stratford adult l'icence 14 holders, the number sampl ed, and thei r response to the su rvey

3. Measures of angler use of n'ivers and streams in the 15 Taranaki regi on

4. Measures of angler use and importance grade, or value, 18 of 15 n'i vers and streams 'in the Taranaki regi on

5. Estimates of adult angler use for the most-fjshed river 19 'i n sel ected North Is I and accl'imat'i sati on soci ety di stri cts

6. Assessment by anglers of seven factors which contribute to 20 the angling experience prov'ided by 15 r'ivers and streams i n the Taranaki reg'ion

7. Popuìarìty of jndiv'idual reaches of 15 rivers and streams 22 in the Taranakì region

8. Pref erred ang'l i ng methods used on 15 ri vers and streams 'in 23 the Taranaki region

9. Participation in other recreational actìvities associated 24 with angling on 15 rivers and streams in the Taranaki region

10. R'ivers and streams of regional or local importance 'in the 35 Taranaki region

F IGURES

1. The Tananaki regì on B

2. The Taranak'i Accl ì mati satì on Soci ety d1stri ct 9

3. The Hawera and Stratford Accl'imatìsatìon Society districts 10 PREFACE

The rivers and streams of New Zealand, many of which support salmon on trout fisheries, are the subiect of frequent water management dec'is'ions. Some of these decisions nesult in sjgn'ifìcant altenat'ions to existing fish habitat, thereby reduc'ing anglìng opportunit'ies. Any case presented by fisheries interests to either the regional water board or the National Water and Soil Conservation Authority (NWASCA), 'in suppor"t of a parti cul ar ri ver, wì'll obvi ous'ly be strengthened by the inclusion of information about the angìing experience afforded by that ri ver. As hydro-electric, irni gation, and other ri ver developments pìace increasing demands on the remaìnìng freshwaten resource, the need for up to date information on current angìing usage has become acute. Spec'ifically, thene is a need fon comparative data about the relat'ive importance and highly valued aspects of the angfing experience offered by a panticulan river. Such information will enable water managers to take into account the angling value of a nivelin a reg'ional or national context, rather than in isolation as tends to happen at present.

In 1979, Fi sheni es Research Di vi s'ion (FRD ) of the M'ini stry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF ), with the New Zealand acclimat'isation societjes, began a postal survey of anglers in all acclimatisat'ion districts with significant sales of fishing ìicences. The survey had f our ma jor object'ives:

1. To collect, directly from the adu'lt angì'ing population of New Zealand, quantitat'ive and comparative information on every river

supporti ng a si gnì fi cant sponts fi shery.

2. To identify those attributes which characterise rivers of

i mportance. 3. To determìne fnom this 'information ri vers which constitute

fi sherì es of nati onal , regional, and local importance.

4. To obtain a data base for future work.

Lake fisheries were deliberately excluded from the survey because ìr was considered impractical to des'ign a sìn91e questionnaire capable of coping adequately with the full range of lake and river fisherìes.

A quest'ionna'i re bookl et, contai ni ng a li st of ri vers w'ithi n a gi ven accl i mat'isati on d'istri ct, was ma'i I ed to ang'lers i n each soci ety . Anglers were asked to ident'ify rivers which they had fìshed over 3-5 years and to assess for each n'iven its importance to them (on a 1-5 scale) and the relative importance of seven l'isted qualities (distance from home, access, area of fishable water, scenic beauty, feel'ings of peace and sol'itude, catch rate, and si ze of f ish ) 'in determì nì ng why they fìshed that river. Information was also requested on average number of v'isits, stretch of waten fished, fìshìng method used, and any associ ated recreati ona'l act'i v'ity.

0f nrore than 10 700 anglers contacted, about 4000 completed the'ir booklets, which provided over 20 500'individual assessments of more than 800 rivers and stneams throughout the country. The present series of reports uses these assessments to i denti fy, 'in each accl i mati sat'ion society district, rivers which are regionalìy and local1y 'important.

Nationally important angìing rivers have already been identified by

Teìrney, Unwin, Rowe, McDowaìì, and Graynoth (1982), but are also discussed 'in this series. Because of the sheer volume of data collected, and the amount of detailed'information conta'ined w'ithin the data, a fulì anaìysis of every river was not possible and fon some n'ivers on'ly the raw data are presented. 7

1. INTRODUCTION

The Taranaki catchment area, on the west coast of the North Island, comprises three separate accl'imat'isat'ion society districts; Taranaki, Hawera, and Stratfond. Co'llectiveìy, these w'ill be referred to as the Taranaki region in this repont (Fig. 1). Because of soc'iety boundary locations, many rivers in this region flow through more than one accl'imatisation soc'iety district (F'igs.2 and 3) and are fished by angì ers f rom th roughout the Tananak'i reg'ion . To avoi d sp1 i tt'i ng up and repeat'ing data on these rivers, results from all three districts have been combi ned 'in thi s report. Di stri cts adjoi n'ing the Taranaki region are Auckland Acclimatisation Society district and Central North

Is'land t¡li I dl i fe Conservancy (CNII^IC ) to the nonth-east and l,,langanui Acclimatisation Socjety district to the south-east.

The dominant feature of the Taranak'i region is Mt. Egmont, a dormant andesit'ic volcano ris'ing to a height of 2518 m (N.2. Department of Statist'ics 1981). Apart from tJaitana River ìn the north and hlaìtotara Stream in the south, all rivers'in the Taranaki negion originate on the s'lopes of Mt. Egmont and flow to the coast. I,Úater courses are Very steep and bouldery in the'ir headwaters and, though the gnadient lessens across the vol can'ic pì a'i n, ri VerS f I owi ng f rom Mt. Egmont are charac- teri sti ca'l ly short and steep (Tabl e 1) .

'large Rainfalì patterns 'in the Taranaki region are determined to a extent by the pnesence of Mt. Egmont; precipitation incneases from

1200 nm annual'ly near the coast to 6500 nm and higher at elevations greater than 1000 m (Tullett 1980). The combinat'ion of frequent rain at higher elevations and rapid dra'inage from the often ephemenaì headwaters 174" 30' 175'E F--,¡. \ t \ \ I / / ( ---4 ---l '39's I I I I \ / I \ y': ) / TaranakÍ AcctÍmatisation ,n--/ Society district / /--. I /sr ñ--t/ ,/ t r srRAT r.' /\ \ / \--- _-/- OPU N AKE /\ ,/ '\ 30' Hawera Acclimatisation \ Society district \ \ r_.- I .T HAWERA ) I I __./

FIGURE 1. The Taranaki region. 17 5"

------Auc k la nd Ac c l¡m a t isa t i on Soc¡ety d¡stticl \ I tangorcl Stm 2 tangamahæ Stm \ 3 Xangawaaawafa Stm 4 Xang€kotutuü¡tu Stn 5 Kå¡oual Stm 6 Walwñakalho R

I ___-4 I (, \

I )

cJ /

l_a I ."""19/ Ê e ¡oÊ Ratrplko FI L v - Rstapllo nacc

StÌatlord Accþnatßdtþ.n Soclety dlstilct

;ffi,ffi Taânek¡ Acclùnaìisaìion Society r

óãlnursto o \ ""*

FIGUP.E 2. The Taranaki Acclimatisation Society district. 10

Auckland Accl¡matisation

\\ \ /l ---./ /.) I/j Strctîotd Accltmdtisat¡on .r/ soc¡ety distt¡ct í -/ c"ntret -/ Notth ---- [ rcønd l*Êlø, /'r* \ wn¿n¡" Piakau Stm { 8r -\c-""t""t"t

/-) l-Fr t ( ELTHAM ---J /'\ lil, /\ ' Êll .ó( {\ ds q urÞ 30' õ (\ (ù/ o /È) 6 .9\ sJ \ I ¡ HAWERA I Hawerc Acct¡mat¡sation I \ SocÍety d¡stt¡ct \ \ -./ (-)

Wanganui Acclimatisation ,,'tY Society d¡stt¡ct

4oo s

lzso E

FIGURE 3. The Hawera and Stratford Acclimatisation Society districts. 11

(Egarr and TABLE 1. Length and gradient of selected Taranaki rivens Egarr 1981 ) .

Gradì ent (m/km) Ri ver Length (km)

<2 t{a'itara 187 I Manganui 51 3.4 l,lai ongana 35 tilaiwhakai ho 37 I

Te Henui 15 7 19 Stony 39 5.3 l,,lai ngongoro 74 3.3 Patea 159 <2 hlai totara TzL

flow means that many of the region's streams have rapidly fluctuating

reg'imes .

and the In Egmont Nat'ional Park, between an elevation of 350-400 m bushline, most stream catchments are fonested. Outside the park boundary, the volcan'ic pìa'in has been developed into one of the most (t¡lards 1976 The ef f ects producti ve da'i ny farmi ng areas 'in the country ) ' of land dra'inage, enrichment from agricultural run-off, and disposa'l of been dairy shed and factory effìuent associated with this'industry have who are responsi bì e a ma jon concern of the accl'imati sati on socjetjes, Tananaki region' for the ma'intenance of fish stocks and fisheries in the admi n'i steri ng The Taranaki Catchment Commi ss'i on (TCC ) , responsi bl e f or 'in water ri ghts 'in the regi on, 'is awane of thi s concern, and necent years some'improvements have been made, partìcuìarly in effluent

qua'l i tY . t2

Divensions for the generation of hydro-electnicity exist on two of the region's most important trout rivers, Manganui and l¡Jaiwhaka'iho Rivens. Close to the Taranak'i and Hawera district boundany, t^laiaua R.iver is also used for hydro-electric power generation. In addition, there ìs a disused hydro dam on l,laingongoro River. construction of a

63-m-high dam and power station, expected to suppìy 25 Mbl of electnic'ity, is nearing complet'ion on Patea River (Egmont Electnic Power Board IgTt). 0n some other streams, weirs have been constructed, usually with no provis'ion for fish passage, to enable the diversion of water for domestic and industrial use.

Since the d'iscovery in 1969 of the Maui gas fÍe'ld, 50 km off the region,s coast, two major petrochem'ica1 industnial p'lants have been constructed. t{ater requirements of the Kapuni gas treatment plant ane being met by abstraction from Kapun'i stream. The needs of the nearby

ammon'ia-urea manufactuning p'lant are supplied by the lllaingongoro R'iver'

System failures assoc'iated with these plants have resulted in several fish kills in Kapun'i stream; the most serjous occurred in October 1982

and April 1983.

In the north of the Taranaki region a methanol plant and synthet'ic petrol pìant are under construct'ion. l^later needs of these developments wil'l be met by abstraction from t^la'itana River. In response to the likelihood of furthen large scale petrochemical developments in the region, the TCC has collected detailed land and water resgurce

.i nf ormati on for the whol e Taranaki ri ngpl a'in (Taranaki catchment

Commission 1984).

Most r.i vers and streams 'in the Taranak'i regi on support stocks of

brown trout that have been supplemented'in the past by l'ibenations of 13 hatchery-reared fish. Questions wene ra'ised about the value of river stocking practices in this region (Graynoth I974), and experimental releases of tagged, hatchery-reared brown trout yearlings were made into the t,laiongana and Kapoaia'ia Streams fnom 1978 to 1981. Resuìts ane inconclusive, but'ind'icate that stock'ing of this nature is of little vaìue to the trout fisheries 'in these streams. Attempts to establish nainbows have generally been unsuccessful, except'in Stony River, where a popu'lat'ion per.s'ists desp'ite the period'ic occurnence of devastating floods. However, ang'lers from the Taranaki and Hawera soc'ieties have reported land'ing ra'inbow tnout from I^laiwhakai ho and t'la'ingongoro Ri vers. A recreational fishery of rainbow tnout'is proposed for Lake Rotonangì, wh.ich was created in conjunctìon with the Patea R'iver hydr"o-electric power scheme (Hicks 1984), and'initial neleases were made earlier th'is year.

The main population centre in the Taranaki region is New Plymouth (popu'lat'ion 36 048), on the northern coast. 0f the numenous other ringpìain settlements, Hawera (8400), t'laitara (6012), Stratford (5518)' Inglewood (2839), Eltham (?4LL), and Opunake (1637) are the largest (N.2. Department of Stat'istics 1982). Apart from minor fluctuat'ions, sales of adult whole season fishing licences have nema'ined fainly constant in thjs area for the past 25 years. An 'increase in the region's popuìat'ion associated with the develop'ing petrochem'ica'l industries may aìter this situation over the next few years'

Dun.ing July 1980, survey booklets spec'ific to each acclimatisation society district were mailed to adult whole season licence holders from Taranaki, Hawera, and Stratford (Table 2). Although most of the 1979/80

season licence hoìders from Hawera and Stratford wene sampled, that season's records were not ava'ilable from Taranaki, and so 1978/79 14

licence necords were used. Th'is report is based on the comb'ined 'inf responses of ang'lers f rom al I three di stri cts who provi ded ormati on about each riven they fished in the Taranaki reg'ion. An examp'le of each society's survey booklet is included as Appendix I'

TABLE 2. Numbers of Taranaki, Hawena, and Stratford adult l'icence holders, the number sampled, and thein response to the survey.

No. (and 7") of those samp'led who neturned No. of adult No. of booklets providing Accl'imatì satì on whole season angl ers information on soc'iety di stni ct licence holders samp'led rivers and streams i n the Taranaki regi on

Taranaki 368 362 r30 (35.e%)

Hawera r57 151 67 (44.4t)

Stratfond 7T 70 24 (34.3%)

Total 596 583 22r (37.e%)

?. RESULTS

The large number of nivers in the Taranaki region, and the relatìvely small numben of licence holders, presented some d'ifficulties when the data was intenpreted. Many nivers were fished by only a few respondents, and we were reluctant to make generalisations for rivers where the data base was limited. However, we were conscious of the need to present as many of the survey results as possible' even if only in raw data form. Consequent'ly, we have presented the data at three levels of analysìs, depending on the number of nespondents for each river'

Rivers whìch were fished by five or more r"espondents ane l'isted'in Table 3. For each of these ¡ivers, the number and percentage of 15

TABLE 5. Measures of angler use of rlvers and streams În fhe Taranakl reglon.

Accl lmatlsatlon Soclety dlstrlct Taranakl Hawera Stratford Tota I

an u', Ø tJ1 u', vl 'h Ð+¡PÞÐ{r+)cÉcËÉÉc O Zl è-sa ¿> 2ç òsr z> z'' z'>

_* 28 Í{a i tara 10 7.7 28 l0 Manganu I 65 50.0 377 15 ,4.2 126 78 505 Ngaforo 24 18.5 110 24 ll0 Ngatorol f I ll 8.5 21 11 21 Maketawa 50 25.1 232 1 1.5 2 tl 234 l{a I tepuke 5 5.8 1 57 Mangamawhete 7 22 722 Wa I puku 8 6.2'.4 19 8t9 23' I{a I ongana 40 50.8 235 40 Mangaoraka 16 12.3 56 16 56 Vlalwhakalho g8 67.7 lo7-t 1 1.5 50 I 4.2 6 90 lllS Mangorel 55 26.9 161 1 1.5 4 I 4.2 il 37 116 Mangamahoe 26 20.0 145 26 14' Kalaual t0 23.1 258 50 238 220 Te Henu I t8 29.2 220 38 Huatokl g 6.9 84 984 Tapuae 19 14.6 37 19 31 0akura t7 1r.1 44 17 44 Tl maru 15 I1.5 t3 l5 5t 28 Kaf I kara l0 1.7 ?8 t0 Kalhlhl 18 15.8 106 18 106 Stony 71 54.6 440 ; o.-, ,r_ I 4.2 I 75 469 50 lr{a I weranu I 20 15.4 50 20 288 I{area 46 35.4 279 3 4.5 9 49 Kapoalala 23 17.7 90 I t:t 2 24 92 '17 I 17 V{a I totoroa 8 6.2 Okahu 6 4.6 3' 2 5.0 5 840 Oaoltl 6 4.6 27 627 9 287 llla I aua 29 22.3 265 ; 6.0 ; 2 8.t 35 4 66 Mangahume 15 10.0 62 I 4.2 14 Taungatara 4 3.1 62 14 20.g tl I 4.2 6 19 105 52 Punehu 2 1.5 20 11 16.4 32 l5 Our I 1 0.8 2 1 10.4 l6 818 0takeho 1 0.9 5 16 23.9 79 -: 17 82 50 675 Kau pokonu I 9 6.9 t9 50 74.6 586 10 4l .7 ó9 226 Mangawhero I 28 41.8 178 5 20.8 40 36 l'{angawherol f I 1 ','_t 6 9.0 15 I 4.2 2 717 Dunns 4 l2 17 .g 45 ,-0._, , 14 54 7 '10.4 l5 715 Wa lokura ] 'r' 187 Kapun I 5 5.8 2; 24 35.8 144 5 20.9 19 t4 '10 610 I naha 6 9.0 107 46 590 Wa I ngongoro 2 1.5 4 29 43.5 479 15 62.' Mangafokl 11 16.4 65 4 16.7 9 15 74 7 83.3 327 27 54' Patea i ,-., t; 3 4.5 20 Kahour I 8 3t.3 63 863

* Ì'lo respondents f lshed lhe rlver. 16 r.espondents who fished the riVen are presented, with the number of visits respondents made annually. Both the number of nespondents who fished a river, and the number of visits, provided an'indicat'ion of the relative value of each rìver. A furthen 12 Taranaki rivers attracted less than five respondents and have not been considered in thìs report.

The second level of ana'lysis was restricted to those nivens whjch attnacted 10 on mone nespondents. For these nivers, h'istograms wene drawn to show the d'istribut'ion of the 1-5 rat'ings awarded by ang'lers. Fon these rivens, the anglers' 1-5 importance natings provided a second measure of their value, which took Ínto account the whole angling expenì ence.

gnìy those rìvers which wer^e fished by 25 or more nespondents wene 'in considered further. Histograms for these rivens are presented Append'ix II, and each niver is discussed further ìn chapter 3*. The other 19 rivers, which were fished by between 10 and 24 nespondents, are l.isted in Appendices III and IV. These rivers, mostly small stneams flowing to the coast south of New Plymouth, are not discussed furthe|in this report. However, the information in the appendices ensures that the survey data on these rivers are available to the reg'iona1 fishery and water managers.

Aìthough the Mangamahoe attracted 25 respondents, comments from

members of the Taranak'i Accl'imat'isation Society ind'icate that the stream is unfishable and that the respondents are referrjng to 'included Lake Mangamahoe. Therefore, histognams are not for

Mangamahoe, because this repont does not assess lake fisheries. 17

For the 15 r-'ivers 'in Append'ix II, a grade between l and 5 was assigned on the basis of the histograms. Gnade 1 indicated that the r.iver was general'ly not highly valued by anglers who fished there; grade 5 indicated that the river was generalìy very h'ighly valued. Although thi s method provi ded an obiect'i ve bas'is for al ì ocat'i ng gradi ngs, the f inal cho'ices were necessarily partly subject'ive.

To investigate the relationship between angling use and the value ang'lers placed on each riven they fished, the rivers were ordered according to angìing effort (Table 4). The four rivers with most

nespondents (t^la'iwhakaiho, Manganui, Stony, and Kaupokonui ) were also high'ly valued by those angìers who fished them. Although there was no consistent nelationship between usage and impontance grade for the other rivers'in Table 4, virtually all those nivers ìn Appendix IV (which presents data on those nivers wh'ich attracted little angling pnessure) also rece'ived below average overaìì 'importance rat'ings. This j nd'icates a general ìy posit'ive rel at'ionshi p between angl i ng use and the value which ang'lens place on rivers and streams in the Taranaki reg'ion.

Estimates of total adult angìer use wene not calculated fon rivers in the Taranak'i negion. In a national context, the numben of anglers involved is low (less than 600), and ¡ivers therefore received a correspondingly low level of use. This is'illustrated in Table 5, where use est'imates for the Taranaki region'S most-fished river, the

Wa'iwhakaiho, are compared w'ith estimates for the most-fished river in three other North Island acclimat'isation society districts. Howeven, several rivers in the Taranak'i region are'impontant at the regionaì and ìocal level. 18

TABLE 4. Measures of angler use and importance grade, or va1ue, of 15 rivers and streams i n the Taranak'i regì on .

No. of No. of Vi sits per Importance Ri ver respondents v'isits nes pondent grade*

I,laiwhakai ho 90 1 113 t2.4 5

Manganu'i 78 503 6.4 4

Stony 75 469 6.2 5

Kaupokonui 69 675 9.8 4

liarea 49 288 5.9 3

.f Wai ngongoro 46 590 12.8 ^

3 I^laì ongana 40 235 5.9

Te Henui 38 220 5.8 3

Mangore'i 37 t76 4.8 3

Mangawhero 36 226 6.3 3

l,Jai aua 35 287 8.2 4

Kapuni 35 187 5.3 4

Maketawa 31 234 J.5 5

Kai auai 30 238 7.9 5

Patea 27 345 L3,2 4

1 = not highly valued, 5 = very highìy valued. 19

TABLE 5. Estìmates of adult ang'ler use fon the most-fished river in selected North Island accl imatisation society districts.

Accl i mati sat'ion Most -f i shed No. of No. of soc'i ety d'i st ri ct ri ver an gì ers visits

Hawke's Bay Tukituk'i r 100 12 000 l^lel I i ngton Manawatu 880 15 000

Auckl and Wa'ihou 420 3 600

Taranaki regì on !'lai whakai ho 160 2 100

To analyse why some of the 15 rivers under considerat'ion were fished rnone than others, and why centa'in rivers were mone highly valued than others, the anglers'assessments of seven factors (lìsted'in the questionnaìre), whìch contribute to the angling experience on each river were considered. As with impontance grades, each factor was assigned a grade between 1 and 5, based on the frequency-distribution histograms 'in of angl ers ' rati ngs for each ri ver g'i ven Appendi x I I. Agai n, assigning indiv'idual grades was partly subjective.

The results of this analysis ane summarised in Table 6. Unlike the nesults fnom other societ'ies, where several trends became apparent when rivers wene grouped accord'ing to their d'istance from angìers'homes, rivers in the Tananaki reg'ion could not be grouped in relation to th'is particulan attribute. Instead, they ane listed from north to south' 'is The absence of these trends among the Taranak'i region's rivers a

consequence of three factors. Fi rst'ly, the reg'ion is modenateìy denseìy popuìated (10.8 people per squane k'ilometre) (N.2. Depantment of Stat'istics 1982), and the populat'ion'is fa'irìy evenly distributed; only two riVerS, l^larea and Stony, were thought to be nemote fnom anglens' 20

questi onnai re TABLE 6. Assessment by ang'lens of seven factors (listed in the ) which contri-bute to the ang'ling experience provided by 15 r'ivers and streams in the Taranaki region'

A rea Scen'ic Catch Si ze of 'itude F'i sh Ri ver Di stance Access f i shabl e beauty Sol rate

aooa aa aao Manganu'i oaa aao aooo aoa aaaaa oaa aaa Maketawa aaa aoaa aaoa oaaoa oa oa aaa Wa'iongana aoa aao aaa aa aaa aao tlaiwhakai ho aaaoa acaoa aaaaa aaa aoaa aaao aa aoa Mangore'i aoaa aoo aaa aaaa aaaa aaoa aaa Kai auaì aao aao aaaa oaaa oao ao ao Te Henui aaaaa oaaa OO aaa ao ao Stony aa ao oaa oaaaa aaoaa aaaa aaa aaa t¡larea o aaao aaaa aaa oaaa ooa aaa tlai aua * oaa aaaao oaa aaao aaao aaa Kaupokonui aaa aoaa aaao aaa aoa aoao aoo oao Man gawhero aaa oaaa aooa

aao aaoo OOO aa Kapu ni aaa aaoo oao aaaaa aa aao l,Ja'ingongoro aaaao oaaoa aaaa aaa aa aaa Patea aacaa aaaoo oaooo aaoa aoao

* Most respondents ass'i gned a val ue of either 1 or 5 (see APPendix II).

Grade a oaaao

Di stance: remote cl ose Access: d'if f icu'lt easy Area fi shab'le: rest ri cted extens'ive Scen'ic beautY: low hi gh Sol i tude: low hi gh Catch rate: low h'igh Size of fish: smal I I arge 2l homes. Secondìy, the Taranaki region is well serviced by an extens'ive netwonk of roads, and access to nearly every river was iudged to be fairly easy. Thirdly, the extens'ive conversion of the Taranaki ringpìajn into farmland, and the recent industrialisat'ion, are probably respons'ible for the genera'lìy medìocre Scen'ic beauty rat'ings the nespondents awarded to rivers throughout the region - only 2 of the 15 rivers (Maketawa and Stony) had exceptional scenic attributes.

In general, nivers close to the main population centres (Waiwhakaiho, Patea, Te Henui, and hlaingongoro) were thought to have except'iona'lìy easy access, average Scerlery, and (apart from the hlaiwhakaiho) a low catch rate. R'ivers wh'ich were mone remote (Ka'iauai,

Maketawa, Stony, and l.larea) were more highly rated for scenic beauty and soìitude and had a better catch rate.

The most hi ghly vaìued rivers (Wa'iwhakai ho, Kai aua'i , Maketawa, and Stony) were given average, or better, values for the seven factors wh'ich contribute to the ang'lìng experience; though no trends were apparent between the rivers. Each of these rivens has a unique comb'ination of attri butes wh'ich causes angl ers to va'lue the ri ver h'i gh'ly . In contnast, the less valued nivers (Te Henuì and Waiongana) rece'ived below average natings for many of the seven factons.

Fu rther s'imi I ar''iti es between the Taranaki regi on 's ri vers and streams were highl'ighted by'information on nespondents'choice of reach fished (Tabìe 7), prefenred fish'ing methods (Table 8), and other necreational activities (Tabìe 9). Most nespondents fished the mìddle reaches, preferred live baìt to other fishing methods, and generaìty d'id

not comb'ine angl'ing with many other necreational activities apart from enjoying the scenery. 22

TABLE 7. Popuìanity of indiv'idual reaches of 15 rivers and streams in the Taranak'i regì on.

Ri ver Headwaters Middle reaches Lower reaches

Manganu i a aoaoa aa

Maketawa ao aoaaa oa

Wa'iongana a aaaao aa

I^laiwhakai ho aoa oaaaa ao

Mangorei oa aaaaa aaa

Kai auai oaa aaaoo aaa

Te Henu'i a aaaoa aa

Stony aaa aaaaa aaaa l^larea oo aaaaa ao

Wa'iaua O aaaoa aaa

Kaupokonu'i a aaoo OO

Mangawhero aa oaaaa o

Kapuni aa aoooa a l,la'ingongoro aa oaaa oa

Patea a aoaoa o

Percent of respondents fishing each reach:

. 5-20% .o 2L-40% .o. 4I-60% .... 61-80% ..o.. 81-100% 23

TABLE 8. Preferred ang'l'ing methods used on 15 rivers and streams i n the Taranaki neg'ion.

Ri ven Dry fly tlet fly Nymph Li ve ba'it Spi nner

Manganu'i oa oo aa aooa aa

Maketawa .O a a aaaa ao oaa l^lai ongana oa o oa aaaa

Waiwhakai ho oaa aa aa aao oa

Mangonei aa O aa aao aa

Ka'iauai aa a ao aaaa a

Te Henui aa a .O aoao aa

Stony aaa aaa aao aaa a l^larea oaa o aa aaaa o a Waì aua aa .O oa aaaaa

Kaupokonu'i aao a aa aaa .O

Mangawhero aa o aa aaaaa a

Kapuni aaa oa ao oaa a

l^la'ingongoro oao .O oa aao aao

Patea aaoa a oo oaaa oa

Percent of respondents using each method: . 5-20% .o 2L-40% ... 4l-601" ...o 61-80% ..o.. 81-100% 24

TABLE 9. Participatìon 'in othen recreational acti v'iti es associ ated wi th angl i ng on 15 rivers and streams'in the Taranaki region,

Enjoyi ng Ri ver the scenery Pi cni cki ng Swi mm'i ng Tramp'ing Shoot'i ng

Man ganu i aaao oa

Maketawa aaoa a

Wa'iongana aao

Waiwhakai ho aooa

Man gonei aa

Ka'iauai aaa

Te Henu'i aa

Stony aooa O' o l'{ area aa

l,,la'i aua aaa

Kaupokonuì .OOO a o

Mangawhero aaoa o a

Kapuni oaoaa a

Waì ngongoro aoaao o a

Patea aoaao aoa ao

Percent of respondents part'i cì pat'i ng i n each acti vi ty:

_ 50% 25

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF 15 RIVERS AND STREAMS IN THE TARANAKI REGION

The follow1ng summarises the survey results ìn nelat'ion to each of the 15 rivers and streams in Table 4. From infonmation presented'in Tables 6, 7,8, and 9 the characteristics of each ¡iver have been desc¡ibed. Many ang'lers also provided wrjtten comments, which have been

'i ncl uded, as rece'i ved, for those ri vens whi ch el i ci ted more than two or three comments. The rivers are dealt wjth from nonth to south, and the tributaries are l'isted'in order of increasing dìstance upstneam.

3.1 Manganui River

The Manganu'i, the ìangest tributany of the hlajtara' was the second most-fished river in the Taranaki reg'ion (after the Waiwhaka'iho). It flows thr.ough the Stratford and Taranaki districts, and about 50% of the

respondents from these two soc'ieties were attracted to it.

Although distance ratings ind'icated that Tananaki angìers had to travel further to fish the Manganui, anglers from both districts thought that extensive areas of fishable water were availabìe aìong this scenically attractive river, where they cou'ld also enjoy peace and sol'itude. These attributes were more highly valued by Stnatford ang'lers, whose fishing efforts were concentrated 'in their own socìety district (the area above the Ratapiko Diversion Race). Some of the 'landed ìargest trout in the reg'ion were from the Manganui. Taranak'i angìers favour.ed spinners over dry flies, whereas Stratford angìers, who 'l nanely used spi nners, pref erred I i ve ba j t and dry f 'ies. The respondents' evaluatìon of a reasonabìe catch rate was reinforced by sevenal pos'itive comments about the state of the fish stocks. Although th'is was thought to be an excellent river, angìers expressed concenn 26 about the effects of effluent discharge from the Moa Da'iry Company both on water quality and trout habìtat.

3.1.1 Maketawa Stream

Although the Maketawa attracted less than half the numben of respondents as the Manganui, angìers' importance ratìngs placed this t¡ibutary among the four most highly valued trout streams in the reg'ion. Easy access to extensive areas of water allowed anglers to enjoy a modenate catch rate of good sized trout. It was also regarded as one of the most scen'icaìly attractive streams, and it gave anglers the oppor"tunity of fi sh'ing in peace and sol itude 'in hi ghìy vaìued surroundings. Comments such as "faVou¡ite riveJ'", "fìrst nate trout stream", and "best quaì'ity fish" tended to neinforce anglers' positive ratings; though concern was expressed about the effect of cowshed wastes.

3.2 l^lai ongana Stream

The I'Jaiongana was fished excìusively by respondents from the Taranak'i d'istrict and was not particularly highly valued as a trout stream. Average r^at'ings were awarded to both access and area of fishable water, but the l^Jaiongana neceived the lowest scenic beauty and sol'itude ratìngs in the reg'ion. Most fishing took place in the middle

reaches where, desp'ite the populanity of lìve bait, more than 40% of the

respondents al so used sP'innens. 27

3.3 tda'iwhakai ho Ri ven

The l*laiwhaka'iho, 'including its two major tributary streams (Mangorei and Ka'iaua'i ), was the most-fished river system in the region; it accounted for 26% of the total number of v'isits made annually by respondents to all rjvers in the Taranaki regìon. However, most angfing effort was on the ma'instem. 0f all the rivers and streams in the Tananaki region, the l,Jajwhakaiho attracted the greatest number of anglers and the most v'is'its, and it received the highest importance rat'i ngs. The hì gh val ue p'l aced on the f i shery, and the ri ver's proximìty to the city of New P'lymouth, are reflected in the frequency with whi ch anglers v'is'it the Ì¡laiwhaka'iho.

Nearly a'll aspects of the angling experience afforded by this river were highly valued; excellent access was thought to be available to extensive areas of fìshable water throughout the river. Despite high ang'ler usage, sol itude rat'ings were al so fai rly hi gh. A good catch rate of neasonab'ly ìarge trout uras sustained by ang'lers, who used both dry flies and live bait more often than other fjshing methods. The tlaiwhakaiho was one of the few rivers'in the region where anglers combined other recreational pursu'its with their angling v'isits enjoying the scenery, picnicking, and sw'imming being most popuìar.

3.3.1 Mangorei Stream

0f al I the l,laìwhakai ho tri butari es, the Mangoreì attracted the greatest number of nespondents. Although angìers did not have to travel far to reach this stream, they had to negotiate d'ifficult access to take advantage of the reasonab'ly large stretches of water from wh'ich moderate sized trout were landed. Scenic beauty and sol'itude rat'ings were among 28 the h'ighest in the regìon; which suggested that these attributes enhanced the angling experience associated w'ith the Mangorei ' As with the ma.instem, angìers f rom all three d'istricts were attracted to the

Mangorei .

3.3.2 Ka'iauai Stream

This more dìstant tributary of the t^laiwhaka'iho attracted fewen respondents than the Mangorei, but received more ang'ling visits' The reason for this appeared to be the high qua'lity angl'ing experience on the Kaiaua'i, which rl¡as among the most highly valued rivers in the Taranak.i regi on. Extens'ive areas of modenate'ly accessi bl e water were available throughout this scenic stream, and there can be little doubt, from ang'lers'catch rate and s'ize of fish rat'ings, that these attributes also contnibuted to the Kaiaua'i's attraction. In tenms of catch rate, the Kaiaua'i was one of the most hìghly rated t'ivers in the negion'

3.4 Te Henu'i Stream

The Te Henui flows through the c'ity of New Plymouth and is one of the most accessible of the reg'ion's streams. Typìca'l of suburban rivens, the Te Henui was not hjghly valued for the opportunity it provided fon fish'ing in peace and solitude; though its scenic beauty

compared favourabìy w'ith most other streams in the region. Nearly 90% of the angling took place'in the middle reaches, where trout landed from the fairìy rest¡icted areas of fishable water were among the smallest'in the reg.ion. Several respondents compla'ined about the lack of fish in the Te Henui. 29

3.5 Stony (Hangatahua) River

Except for the tia'iwhaka'iho and Manganui Rivens, the Stony attracted more respondents than any other river in the reg'ion. Anglens came from alì three society districts, and they were prepared to travel a long way to reach the niver. Although the Stony is subject to flash flooding and substantial bedload movement, angìens' comments ind'icated that water quality, scen'ic beauty, and w'ilderness values each pìayed an important part in making th'is one of the most important angling rivers'in the regi on.

Access to the Stony was nestricted by steep eroded banks and the l'imited number of tracks, but, once anglers reached the riverbed, reasonab'ly large areas of fishable water were available throughout the river. Although most ang'lers fished the middle neaches, the Stony was one of only three rivers in the region whene about half the respondents fished the headwaters as well. Dry f1jes, wet flies, nymphs, and live bait wene al'l equaììy popular with ang'lens, who susta'ined a low catch rate of fairly small trout. An occas'ional sea-run trout was mentioned. Enjoy'ing the scenery was often assoc'iated with fish'ing the Stony, and thjs re'inforced ang'lers' ratings of the riven as one of the most scenic and most h'ighly valued 'in the reg'ion.

3.6 Wanea Riven

The l,Janea was the fifth most-fished rivelin the region; it attracted respondents fnom both Taranaki and Hawera d'istricts despite it-'s remoteness. Large aneas of water were easily accessible, and angìers used live bait and dry flies to sustain a good catch nate of reasonable s'ized trout. Howeven, comments were made about an ongoing 30 decline in the fish stocks. In contrast to the Stony, the Warea was not thought to be either scenicalìy attract'ive or to afford ang'lers an equivalent opportunìty for solitude whìle fishing. Even so, the attributes which characterised thìs river were suffìcient fon anglers to eval uate the whol e angl i ng experi ence assoc'i ated wi th the l,larea fai rly h'i gh 1y .

3.7 l^lai aua Ri ver

Distance ratings suggest that about 60% of the respondents who fished the I'la'iaua travelled a ìong way from the Hawera, Stratford, and northern Taranaki districts. The rest l'ived close to the river, which flows by the township of Opunake. Although this niver was fished by fewer anglers than the Warea, both received the same number of visits.

Some extens'ive areas of fishable water were available in the middle and lower reaches of the t¡laiaua, where most angìing took place. Both catch rate and size of trout'landed were thought to be fairly good; though, as with the l^larea, a few comments wene made about recent deterioration in the qua'lìty of the fjshery. Comments were also made about the effects of piggery wastes and quanry'ing on water quality. The llla'iaua received similar scenic beauty and solitude rat'ings to'its neighbour, the Warea, and comments such as "spìend'id river", "always interest'ing", and "good fishing" re'inforced anglens' pos'it'ive attitudes about the angì i ng experi ence on thi s ri ver.

3.8 Kaupokonui Stream

The Kaupokonuì was the region's second most-fished river in terms of the number of vi sits 'it recei ved, and 'it was hi ghly val ued overal I . Respondents from the Hawera d'istrict exerted most fishing effort on this 31 river; nearìy 75% of them fished the river at least once during the season. Ang'lens from Hawera and Taranak'i concentrated theìr efforts in the m'iddle and lower reaches of the Kaupokonui, whereas Stratford anglers concentrated their efforts in the headwaters and middle reaches, close to their own society boundary.

Exceptionaìly easy access was thought to be ava'ilable to very extensive areas of water in both the m'iddle and lower reaches. Access to less extensive areas of water in the headwaters was not as easy as further downstneam. The catch rate was regarded as be'ing one of the h'ighest in the Taranaki region. Anglers used both dry fl'ies and live ba'it to land fa'ir]y lange trout. Although several positive comments wene made, one angìer, who neferned to the past condit'ion of the fishery in glotlting terms, felt that a decrease in summer flows had caused a dec'line in both trout density and size oven the past 50 yeans. Anglens were a'lso concerned about the effect of effluent dischange fnom the lactose factory at Kapuni on the water quality of the Kaupokonui. Despite these problems, both ang'ler use and fish'ing quality make this the most .important riven fisheny in the Hawera district.

3.8.1 Mangawhero Stream

The angling qua'lity of th'is maior tributary of the Kaupokonu'i attracted anglers from all three distn'icts. In general, the Mangawheno

was thought to have s'imilar attributes to the Kaupokonui. Access to the m'iddle reaches, whene most angling took pìace' was thought to be good.

Respondents used live ba'it almost exclusiveìy and rated the catch rate

as average. Anglens commented on the quaì'ity of the fishery and the enjoyabìe experience associated with this good alì round stream. 32

3.9 Kapuni Stream

Although anglers were attracted to this stream from all three societies, the Kapuni was fished ma'in'ly by Hawera anglers, who regarded 'it as one of the most important streams'in their district. However', angìens feìt that both metal extnaction and the'installation of the natural gas facilities were hav'ing a detrimental effect on the stream, part'icu'larly on 'its scenic quaf ities and trout stocks. (Numerous fish kills assoc'iated with the natunal gas industry have occurred in the Kapuni since 1975 (J. Carlsen pens. comm.)) As with the Kaupokonui, dry fj'ies and ljve baii were equally popular; though trout ìanded from the Kapun'i were si gni f i cant'ly smal l er, bei ng among the smal I est i n the

reg'ion.

3.10 Wa'ingongoro Ri ver

The hla'ingongono attracted 43% of alì Hawera and 62% of all Stratfond respondents, plus two respondents from Taranaki. Located close to the townships of Hawera, Eltham, and Stratford, the blaingongoro was notable for jts prox'imity to nespondents' homes and 'its high frequency of ang'ler visits. Although most angììng took place 'in the middle reaches, Hawera anglers fished both lowen and mìddle reaches equally often, v{hereas

Stratford anglers concentrated their effonts in the headwaters and middle neaches. Access to extensìve areas of fishable water was thought to be very easy, and the oppontunity to fish in peace and solitude further enhanced the angling experience, Ang'lers from both societ'ies landed similar sìzed trout, but thein assessment of catch rates differed markedly. Whereas Hawera angìers used both dry fl'ies and sp'inners to sustaìn a high catch rate, Stratford anglers favoured live bait and dry fl'ies and regarded the catch rate as poot^. As a consequence, Hawena 33 r.espondents thought that the tlaingongoro gave them an exceptional ang'l'ing expe¡ience and that'it was their most ìmpontant river fishery after the Kaupokonui. In contrast, the river reaches ìn the Stratford district were not as highly neganded by respondents from that society. Despite this difference in evaluation, both angìer use and angfing quaf ity ind'icate that the I'la'ingongono is an 'important river in the Taranaki reg'ion.

3.11 Patea Ri ver

Although very few Hawera or Taranaki respondents were attracted to thjs ¡iven, over 80% of Stratford respondents fished the Patea, theìr closest and most highìy valued river. Excellent access was avajlabìe to extens'ive aneas of water in the middle reaches, wher"e most angl'ing took place. Scenic beauty was also high'ly regarded, but solitude ratings for the Patea (which flows through the township of Stnatford) were not as high as they were for some of the negion's other rivers. Both dry flies and live ba'it were popuìan with anglers, but their assessment of catch rates and s'ize of fish suggested that the quality of the catch was not exceptìonal. Comments refenned to the effects of incneasing enrichment from the disposa'l of da'iry factory effluent, a stock carrying company' and run-off from the surround'ing farm'lands. Despite these problems, the Patea supports the most 'important trout fishery in the Stratford

di stri ct. 34

4. DISCUSSION

0f the n'ivers and streams exam'ined 'in this report, eight are cons'i dered to be of reg'i onal on I ocal 'importance (Tabl e 10 ) . These waterways have been classified as recreational on scenic fisheries according to a set of crite¡ia developed by Teirney et af,. (1982).

When the two measures of importance (angler usage and the value assigned to each river when the whole angling experience is taken into account) are considered, thene is little doubt that the Waiwhakaìho is the most important river in the Taranaki region. More than twice as much angì'ing effort was expended on th'is l'iver aS on any of the next three most-fished n'ivers - the Manganu'i , Stony, and Kaupokonui. Angìens were not onìy attracted to the Waiwhakaiho because of its prox'im'ity to the'ir homes, but also because every other aspect of the angling experience for which'infonmat'ion was collected was h'ighly valued. Clearly, the þJaiwhakaiho may be considered a negionally important necreational river fishery.

Although the Manganui, Stony, and Kaupokonui all attracted a similar amount of angling effort, the Stony was the most h'ighly valued. The outstanding aspects of the angìing experience on this distant river are the quality of its water, its scenic beauty, its wilderness value, and the opportunity to fish in peace and solitude, which is so hjghly valued by anglers. Fon these reasons the Stony qualifjes as a scenic riven f i shery of regi onal s'i gni f i cance.

Although not as high'!y valued as for the l¡la'iwhakaiho or Stony, the ang'ling experience on the Manganu'i and Kaupokonui also quaì'ifies them as recreational rivers of negional 'importance. Both rivers received a 35

TABLE 10. Rivars and streams of reglonal or local lmportance ln the Taranakl reglon.

Rl var lmportance Classlflcatlon Outstanding characterlstlcs

Walwhakatho Reglonal Recreatlonal Hlgh use Exceptlonal overal I lmporfance' access, and area of flshable wafer Very close to anglersr homes

Stony Regional Recreatlonal/ Hlgh use Scenlc Exceptlonal overal I lmportance, scenlc beaufy, and solltude

Manganul Reglonal Recreatlonal Hlgh use Exceptlonal overal I lmportance Extenslve area of flshable water Hlgh sol lfude

Kaupokonul Reglonal Recreatlonal Hlgh use Hlgh overal I lmportance Easy access Ertenslve areas of flshable water HIgh sol ltude Good catch rate

Maketawa Loca I Scen Îc Exceptlonal overal I lmportance, scenlc beauty, and sollfude Easy access Extenslve area of flshable water

Kalaual Loca I Scentc Exceptlonal overal I Importance Hlgh scenlc beauty and solltude Extenslve area of flshable water Good catch rale l{a I ngongoro Loca I Recreat I ona I lvl,oderate use Hlgh overal I lmportance Very close to anglersr homes Exceptlonal access and solltude Extenslve area of flshable water

Patea Loca I Recreat lona I lttoderate use Hlgh overal I lmportance Very close to anglersr homes Exceptlonal access and area of f lshable water Hlgh scenlc beauty and solltude 36 fa'irly h'igh level of use and were fìshed by respondents fnom at least two of the three soc'ieties in the region. 0f these four rivers, onìy the Stony is in a mostly unmodified state. The Taranaki Acclimatisation Society has applied for a Local Conservation Not'ice to protect this outstandingly scen'ic river. Despite incorporat'ing fewer Taranak'i distrìct nivers in their recreational survey than this report, the Tananaki Catchment Commission (1980) also ident'ified the lda'iwhaka'iho, Stony, and Manganui,'in that order, as the most impontant trout fìshing rivers in the district.

The value nespondents pìaced on a further four streams warrants the'ir inclusion jn this discuss'ion. Panticularly highly vaìued by

Taranak'i nespondents, the Maketawa and Ka'i auai are, nespect'i vely, the most stabl e tri butani es of the Manganu'i and hlaiwhakai ho R'i vers . Not only were a'll aspects of the ang'l'ing exper''ience similarly highly valued, but angìers also expended similan angfing effort on these two streams. In part'icular, scenic beauty and solitude rat'ings qual'ify these streams as locally 'important scen'ic river fisheries, and both may warrant some form of protect'ion.

More h'ighly fished, but not as highly valued ovenal'1, wene the

Waingongono and Patea Rivers. Fished main'ly by Hawera and Stratford anglers, the former was of except'iona'l value to Hawera respondents, whereas the latter was more important to those fnom Stratford. Both rivens flow close to the main populat'ion centres of the two districts and were eas'ily accessible and yet reta'ined high fee'l'ings of solitude. These two rivers are most appropriately class'ified as necreational river fi sheri es of local si gni fi cance.

Despite superficial sim'ilanities, the rìvers and stneams included in this repont gave angìers from the Taranaki reg'ion a variety of 37 catchment, river, and fishery type; a fact also highlighted by Graynoth (1e74).

5. ACKNOt^¡LEDGMENTS

We woul d l'ike to thank the secretan'ies, staf f , and counci I members of the Taranak'i , Hawena, and Stratf ord Accl i mati sati on Soc'ieti es for the'ir heìp in conducting this survey and commenting on the draft manuscript. Construct'ive criti ci sm of the dnaft manuscri pt was a'lso provided by the staff of the TCC and B.J. Hicks. Finally, we would like to thank all those anglers fnom the Taranaki region who made the survey a success by taking the time to complete and return the'ir questi onna'i res.

6. LITERATURE CITED

Egarr, G.D., and Egarr, J.H. 1981. New Zealand necreationa'l river

survey. Part II: North Island nivers. N.z. Minìstrg of hlorks and Development, llater and SoiT l,IiscelTaneous Publication No. f4. L28 p.

Egmont Electric Power Board. 1977. Hydro electric invest'igation of the

Patea River. Egmont Electric Power Boand, Hawena. 59 p. and

appendi ces.

Graynoth, E. I974. The Taranaki, Hawera and Stratford trout fishery. N.Z. Mínistrg of Agriculture and Fisheries, F'ishe¡ies Technicaf Report No. 94. 24 p. 38

Hicks, B. 1984. Regional mod'ifications to waterways. Par^t II -

Taranaki and Rangi ti kei -1,'Janganui reg'i ons. Freshwater catch No. 221

1 6-20.

N.Z. Depantment of Stat'istics. 1981. "New Zealand Officìal Yearbook 1981." N.Z. Department of Statist'ics, t{eìf ington. 1040 p.

N.Z. Depantment of Statist'ics. L98?. New Zealand census of populat'ion and dwelìings 1981. Volume 1. Locatìon and 'increase of population Part B. N.Z. Department of Stat'istìcs, Wellington. 75 p.

Taranak'i Catchment Comm'i ssi on. 1980. Recneati onal use of water i n north Taranaki. Taranaki Catchment Commission, Stratford. 20? p.

Tananaki Catchment Commission. 1984. Taranaki ringpla'in water resources sunvey. Parts A-F. Taranaki Catchment Comm'ission, Stratford.

Teirney, L.D., Unwin, M.J., Rowe, D.K., McDowalì, R.M., and Graynoth, E.

L982. Submi ss'ion on the dnaft 'inventory of wi I d and sceni c ri vers of nat'ional 'impontance. N.z. Ministrg of AgricuTture and Fisherjes, Fisheries Environmental Report No. 28. 122 p.

Tullett, J.S. (Ed. ) 1980. "Egmont National Park." Egmont National Park Board, New P'lymouth . 114 p.

tlands, I. (Ed. ) . I976. "New Zeal and Atl as. " Government Pni nt'ing

0f f i ce, t.lel I 'i ngton . 29? p. .E -o Taranaki Acclimatisation Society m z.a x

u1 1 c9J 55 <9r

Coriductèð'in association with the Minlsttf of Agriculture and Fisheries oLt) l) (D (-f Dear Angler

Over the years numerous developnent schenes have substantially altered a large nu¡nber of our rivers, resulting in a cunulative loss of high quality angling r,¡aters. It has becorne increasingly obvious that if we want to retaln even a few valuable recreational fisheries, we nust identLfy those rive¡s which, in our opinion, should not be modlfled, and be prepared to fight for then. To be able to do this we nust understand the reasons why anglers value the varíous rivers they fish and be able to use this information when proposed developments threaten those rivers.

As you can see, thls survey booklet, which has been designed to give us this information, applies specifically to the Taranakl Accllnatisation Society district. The results fron a pilot scheme carried out recently by Wellington Society anglers look very proníslng. I would therefore encourage you to fill in the booklet á3 Söóú áS póËSible, and return lt in the envelope provlded. For the results to be neaningful, every angler receiving a booklet nust cornplete the questionnaire. Any angler who does not return the booklet or advise as to the inability to do so would affect the surveyrs randon selection basis. Individual returns will be confidential to Fisheries Resea¡ch Division staff who are responsible for analyslng the results. The infor¡nation collected will be used to protect valuable angling water for the present anglers and those of the future. I cannot emphasise strongly enough the need for your co-operation. Þ O Thanking you in advance for your valued assistance. Best wishes and good fishing. "a.f,etft:*

(W. B. McKenzie) President

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FEIIALE

Age: CYEÂRS)

Please TICK the box below which best describes your Before fl.lling in this booklet, please read enplo)ment status. the detailed explanation of each category on the next two Pages. SELF-EMPToYED t]

FOR SALARIES OR WAGES: üIORKING E

RETIRED

student) OTHER: (e.g. housewife, n Average nr¡nbe¡ of flsh you land fron rivers each year

page 5 3, Strétch of r,¡¡átet fiShed

You nay fish the whole length of a particular tiver or you may have a preferred ftshlng locallty. As the You should only fill in the categories lf you'have character of a rive¡ nay alter fron the headwaters to actrtally fished the ¡lver under consideration. In the nlddle and lower reaches, please ttck whlch length other words leave a blank beside those rivers you of river you fish. If yorr fish the whole ¡lve¡ then are not Fanlllar wlth. you would tick all three catego¡ies. 1. Inportance of the river to you as an.angler 4. The ain of this sectlon is to find out why you value each river you fish. Consider each river in Thls category relies on you¡ own judgenent end isolation oF the others and theri grade eaeh teason feelings about the rivers you fish. The score you between 1-5. Most of the reasons are self explanatory. glve each river ls not necessàrily ælated to the amount of tlne you spend angling on it. You nay for (a) Close to where you live would tnclude rive¡s which lnstance, value the headwaters of a renote river @t drive.5 = closest htghly, because of the quality of the whole angling experlence even althotrgh you only nanage a trip every Cb) Easy access would include rivers which can be 2-3 yeats. On the other hand, you nay value a rlver ffiTñn E, or that only involve a short walk to close to hone as lt allows you to go fishlng reach the river bed. 5 = easlest frequently. One way oF assessing the irnportance of a rlve¡ to you ls to irnaglne how you would feel lf (c) Large area of water fishable incorporates the you no longer had the opportwrity of fishing lt. @, orwadingthrough Þ , long stretches of watel, which may contain both N) 2- Àveraoe núnber of visits vou make to flsh this pools antl riffles in order to continue angl.ing rìver each Year without having to leave the tiver. (d) Scenic bgauty should include the river bed, the iÏler, tFe river banks and sutrounding views, either innediate ot Panoramic.

page.4 f) Good catch rate refers to the nunbe¡ of fish you AÙefágé ñrÍûbéi'of fiSh yoú cátch each year catch tñ à certain anor¡nt of time. You nay fish so¡ne rivers all day wlthout success and yet catch Thís is the total number of físh you catch from seve¡al fish in the sane tlrne fron another tiver. all the rivers you fish during the year. Once again you nay like to take an average fron your last 3-5 g) Size of fish: 1. snaller th¿¡ 23 cn (9 inches) years of catches. If you find it difficult to 2. 23 cn (9rr) - 38 cn (15tr) remenber exactly, an approximation will do. 3. 38 cn (15'r) - 53 cn (2ilr) 4. 53 crn (21") - 65 cn (26r') ContáctS within the Târanaki Acclinatisation Society 5. larger than 65 cn (26") If you have any queries about the survey or categories 5. Which nethods do yoù usuálly ùse lncluded in the booklet, or if.you need sone assist- ance to fill in the questionnaire, the people whose Tick the appropriate categories for each river. names, addresses and phone nunbers are listed below Naturally the regulations will restÌict the use will be only too willing to help you: of sone nethods fron sone waters and these will be taken ínto account in the analysls of results. Bruce McKenzie Trevor Mowat Brian Quickfall 71 Clawton St. Saxton Rd 6 Shortland St 6. 0ther recreational activitíes New Pljrnouth New Plynouth New Plyrnouth

You may visit sone rivers purely for the angling Phone 34 910 Phone 35 004 Phone 75 946 experience, but there are nany other recreational activities which can be carried out in conjunction è with angling and which rnay involve family and (, friends. You can indicate the other activities you participate in by ticking the appropriate categories, Rivers outside of the Taranaki Acclirnatisation Society

You will notice at the end of the booklet that spaces have been left for you to fill in infornation about rlvers outside of your society district which you rnay visit to fish. Fill in the categories in the satne r{ay as you did for the rivers in your own society dist¡ict.

page 5 Taranaki (4) (3) Grade from l-5 (as in column l) all River (1) (2) tretch of water of the follouing for each river rade f¡on l-5 the Average number ished (p I ease by ticking the appropriate number. the irnportance of of visits you he river to you as make to fish (a) (b) (c) n angler this river Close to where Easy access Large area of - lowest value each year you Iive to the river water fishab I - average/low - average value - average/high - highest value

le river

W¿Litara Manganui Ngotoro

Ngatoroiti Þ Maketawa

Waitepuke

Manganawhete Waipuku

Waiongawa Mangaoraka

Waiwhakaiho Mangorei

Manganahoe Mangawarawara page 6 (s) (6) (7) anY i tiona I Grade from l-5 (as in column l) all Which method do You o you conbine angling with of the following for each river usually use on this ther recreational activitY on comnrents by ticking the appropriate nunber. river? (please tick) his river? (please tick)

(d) (e) (e) Sceni c Feelings of Size of fish beauty so I i tude/ usual ly peace caught (see instructions )

Þ(¡

Page Taranaki (4) (3) Grade from 1-5 (as in column 1) all Rive¡ (1) (2) tr et ch of water of the fol lowing for each river adê from 1-5 the Average number fi shed (please by ticking the appropriate number. the importance of of visits you the river to you as rnake to fish (a) (c) an angler this river Close to where Large area of I - lowest value each year you live water fish¿'bl 2 - average/Iow 3 - average value 4 - average/high 5 - highest value

le river Kaiauai Mangakotukutuku

Te Henui ttuatoki

Tapuae Þ 0akura Ot '[imaru

Katikara Kaihihi

Stony

Waiweranui

Warea Kapoaiaia

Wai.totoroa

llraitaha page 8 (s) (6) (7) Gratle fronr l-5 (as in colunn 1) all Which ¡nethod do you you cornbine angling with any itional of the following for each river usually tuse on this ther recreational activity on coiltnentS by ticking the appropriate number. river? (please tick) his river? (please tick) (d) (e) (f) (e) Scenic Feel ings of Good catch Size. of fish beau ty so I i rude/ rate usual ly peac e caught (see instructions )

è ! Taranaki (4) (3) Gratle fro¡r 1-5 (as in colunn I J aII Iliver (t) (2) tretch of water of the fol Iowing for each river iirade from l-5 the Âverage number fi shed (please by ticking the appropriate number. the importance r;f- of visits you the river to you as make to fish (a) (b) (c) n angler thi s river Close to where l:aSy;rcceSs Large area of - lowest value each year yorr live to the li ver' w:rter fishr bl - average/low - rrv erage va I ue - average/high 5 - highest valrre

le river Pungareere Oaoiti

Waiaua

Mangahune

Þ æ

page 10 (s) (6) Grade fron 1-5 (as in column l) all Which rnethod do you you cornbine angling with anY of the following for each river ust¡ally use on this ther recreational activitY on by ticking the appropriate number. river? (please tick) lris river? (please tick)

(d) (e) (e) Scen i c Feelings of Size of fish beauty sol itude/ usual ly peace caught (see instructions )

Þ \o

'Page 11 Taranaki (4) (3) Grade from 1-5 (as in column 1) all River (1) (2) Stretch of water of the following for each river Crade fron l-5 the Average number fished (please by ticking the appropriate number. the importance of of visits you the you as make (a) (b) river to to fish n (cl an angler o where access this river (.) Close to Easy Large area of 1 - lowest value each year U Ê you live to the river water fislr;rbl¡ (d o 2 - averagefLow ßr o (d o) cl t¡) average value +J d, 3 - (! l) 4 average/high ¡i - 'ú= 'ú () 5 - highest value i{ -o Ì It) o Code ¿ :t J I 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 I ) 3 4 5 ,( tl ]/ F-xample river XX + / / r Other rivers fished in the Taranaki District (please specify)

(.'r O

Rivers outside the Taranaki DistrictDistr (please specify) Note: Rive¡s in which both salnon and trout are caught: as salnon and trout fishing tend to be rather different experiences, please fill in a separate line for each if you fish for both in the sane river e.g. Rakaia trout Rakaia salmon.

page 12 (s) (6) (7) Grade f¡om l-5 (as in colunn l) all Which nethod do you you combine angling with any i t ional of the following for each river usrlally use on this ther recreational activitY on conments by ticking the appropriate number. river? (please tick) is river? (please tick)

(.1) (f) (e) Scenic Good catch Size of fish beauty rate usual 1y caught (see instructions )

(tr îIhw er a .Soci ety "Acc\imatisation

A Survey To Assess THE RELAT¡VE VALUE OF

NEW ZEALAND RIVERS TO ('r f\) THE RECREATIONAL ANGLER

Gonducted in association with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Dear Angler gver the years numerous developnent schenes have substantially altered a large number of our rivers, resulting in a cumulative loss of high quality angling waters. It has becone increasingly obvious that if $Ie h¡ant to retain even a few valuable r.c"eatlonal fisheries, we must identlfy those rivers which, in our opinion, should not be rnodified, and be prepared to fight for the¡n. To be able to do this vIe tnust understand the reasons why anglers value the various rivers they fish and be able to use this infornation when proposed developnents threaten those rivers - As you can see, this survey booklet, which has been designed to give us this information, applies specifically to the Hawera Acclinatlsation Society district. The results fro¡n a pilot scherne carried out recently by Wellington Society anglers look very promislng. I would therefore encourage you to fill in the booklet as soon as possible, and return it in the envelope provided. For the results to be ¡neaningful, éVéry angler receiving a booklet rnust conplete the questionnaire. Any angler who does not return the bookiet orãFvise ás to the inab lity to do so would affect the survey's randorn selection basis. Individual returns wll1 be confidential to Fisheries Research Division staff who are lesPonsible for (,('r analysing the results.

The informatlon collected wlll be used to ptotect valuable angling water for the present anglers and those of the future. I cannot ernphaslse strongly enough the need for your co-operation. Thanking you in advance for your valued assistance. Best wishes and good fishing. /8;dat (P. J. Eichstaedt) President

page 2 leave blank

Name

Address Note: If you have not fished at all during the past 2 years, please tick this box and retum the booklet pronptly.

Sex: (TICK box which applles)

FEMALE

Àge: CYEARS)

Please TICK the box below which best describes your please read (tr Before filling in this booklet, employment status. the detailed explanation of each category on the Þ next two pages. SELF-EMPLOYED tl IIORKING FOR SALARIES OR WAGES: E RETIRED: tf ûTHER: (e.8. housewifo, student) E Average numbe¡ of flsh you land from rivers each year

page 3 3r Sttétch of wátér fished You nay fish the whole length of a particular river or yctu may have a preferred flshtng locallty. As the You should only flll in the categories lf you'have character of a river nay alter fron the headwaters to actually fished the river under consideration, In the mlddle and lower reaches, please tlck whlch length other words leave a blank beside those rivers you of river you fish. Îf you fish the whole rlve¡ then are not fanlllar wlth. you would tick atl three categories. t. Inportance of the river to you as an.angle¡ 4. The ain of this sectlon is to fínd out why you value each river you fish. Consider eaeh river in Thls category relies on your own judgernent and isolation of the others and theri g¡âde each reason feellngs about the rlvers you fish. The score you between 1-5. Most of the reasons are self explanatory. glve each rlver is not necessarily related to the anorûrt of tine you spend angling on lt. You may for (a) Close to wherê you live would lnclude rivers which instance, value the headwaters of a remote river ffit drlve.5 = closest htghly, because of the quality of the whole angling experlence even although you only manage a trip every (b) Easy access woutd include rivers which can be 2-3 years. On the other hand, you nay value a rlver ãifien io, or that only involve a sho'rt walk to clos'e to home as It allows you to go fishlng reach the river bed. 5 = easlest frequently. One way o€ assessing the inportance of a rlver to you ts to inaglne how you would feel lf (c) Large area of water fishabþ lncorporates the (t] you no longer h¿d the opportrmity of fishing lt. ffi, orwadingthtough (.'ì , long stretches of urater, which nay contain both 2. Averege n:¡nber of vislts you nake to flsh this pools an

You probably donft vlsit a ilver to fish ít the sane (d) Scenic beauty should include the river bed, the nunber of times each year and therefore your average ;Tfer--6õ-iíver banks and surrounding views, eithe¡ imnediate or panoramic. (e) Feelings of solitude/peace nay be gained without ffi and will be influenced by the geography of the rlver. Fot instance, if fishing in a gorge, the existence of a road above nay not detract fron feelings of sollttrde if it ls out of sight and the traffíc nolse cannot be heard.

page,4 (f) Good catch râte refers to the nunber of fish you Aúerâgé'riu¡ibef óf 'fiSh yoù catch each year õãffin '¿ ce.rtal-n amount of tine. You nay fish some rivers all day without success and yet catch This is the total nunbel of fish you catch f¡on all several físh in the sane time fron another river. the rívers you fish during the year, Once again you ¡nay like to take an average fron your last 3-5 (e) Size of fish 1. srnaller than 23 cn (9 inches) years of catches. If you find it difficult to 2. 23 crn (9") - 38 cn (15rr) remenber exactly, an approxination will do. 3. 38 cn (15r') - 55 cn (21rr) 4. 53 cn (21") - 65 cn (26") Cönt¿cts'úithiû'the Hâwera Acclinatisation society 5. larger than 65 cm (26rr) If you have any queries about the survey or categories 5. Which ¡nethods do you usually use included in the booklet, or if you need some assistance to fill in the questionnaire, the people whose nanes Tick the appropriate categories for each river. Naturally and telephone nunbers are listed below will be only too the regulations will restrict the use of some nethods fron willing to help you: some waters and these wlll be taken into account in the analysis of results. Mr E. M. Welsh Phone: Opunake 5704 6. 0ther recreational activities Mr E. S. Eden You nay visit sone rivers purely for the angling experi- Phone: Kaponga 677 ence, but there are nany other recreational activities which can be carried out in conjunction with angling and Mr D. G. McKenzie (tl which may involve fanily and friends. You can indicate Phone: Hawera 7467 Or the other activities you particlpate in by ticking the appropriate categories.

Rivers outside of the Hawera Acclinatisation Society

You will notice at the end of the booklet that spaces have been left for you to fill in infor¡nation about rivers outside of your society district which you rnay visit to fish. Fill in the categoríes in the sarne way as you did for the rivers in your own society distrj-ct.

page 5 (4) lìawera (3) Grade fron l-5 (as in column 1) all River (1) (2) ch of water of the following for each river fron 1-5 the Average nunber fished (please by ticking the appropriate nunber' the importance of of visits you (a) (b) (c) river to you as make to fish q () o Close to where Easy access Large area of n angler this river ,4 c) o É you live to the river water fishabl 1 - lowest value each year n o k o (Ú 2 - average/low d) ú c) +J É, 3 - average value .ú o 3 tr 4 - average/high d () €(l -d 3 5 - highest value () .H o :Ë J

le river Taungatara

Punehu

Ouri

Otakeho \lCN Kaupokonui

Mangawhero

Mangawheroiti

Dunns Waiokura

Kapuni

Inaha

low Eltham Mangatoki

lor^¡ Rukunoana page 6 (s) (6) (7) Grade from l-5 (as in colurnn l) all Which method do you you cornbine angling with any itional of the following for each river usually use on tlìis ther recreational erctivity on cotnnretì t s by ticking the appropriate number. river? (þlease tick) his river? (please tick)

(d) (f) (e) Scenic Good catch Size of fish beauty rate usual ly caught (see instructions )

(¡ æ Hawera (3) Grade frorn l-5 (as in column 1) all River (1) (2) tretch of water of the following for each river rade from 1-5 the Average number fished lplease by ticking the appropriate number. the importance of of visits you the river to you as nake to fish (a) (b) (c) an angler this river Close to where Easy access Large area of I - lowest value eaéh year you live to the river water fishabl 2 - average/low 3 - average value 4 - average/high 5 - highest value

le river Waitotara Other rivers fished in the Hawera District (please specify)

(tr (o

Rivers outside the Hawera District (please specify) Note: Riveis in which both sal¡non and trout are caught: as salnon and trout fishing tend to be rather different experiences, Please ftll in a separate line for each if you fish for both in the sane river e.g. Rakaia trout Rakaia salnon.

page 8 (s) (6) (7) Gracle fron l-5 (as in colunn 1) all Which ¡nethod do you you combine angting with anY ditional of the following f'or each river usuaIly t.use on this ther recreational activitY on cornments by ticking the appropriate number. river? (please tick) is river? (please tick)

(d) (e) (f) (e) Sceni c Feel ings of Cood catch Size of fish beauty so I i tude/ ra te usual ly peace caught (see instruct ions )

Or O STRATFORD I ON SOCTETÏ

THE RELATIVE VALUE OF

NEW ZEALAND RIVERS TO O THE RECREATIONAL ANGLER

Conducted in association with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Dear Angler

Over the years nurnerous developnent schenes have substantially altered a large number of our rivers, resulting in a cumulative loss of high quality angling waters. It has becone increasingly obvious that if we want to retain even a few valuable recreational fisherles, we nust identify those rivers which, ln our opiníon, should not be modified, and be prepared to fight for them, To be able to do this we must understand the reasons why anglers value the various rivers they fish and be able to use this infonnation when proposed developnents threaten those rivers. As you can see, this survey booklet, which has been designed to gíve us this infornation, applies specifically to the Stratford Acclimatisation Society district. The results fron a pilot scheme carríed out recently by Wellington Society anglers look very pronising. I would therefore encourage you to fill in the booklet as soon-,[p@!!r and return it in the envelope provided. For the results to be meaningful, every angler receiving a booklet must complete the questionnaire. Any angler who does not return the booklet or advise as to the inability to do so would affect the surveyrs randon selection basis. Individual returns will be confidential to Fisheries Research Division staff who are responsible for analysing the results. The information collected will be used to protect valuable angling water for the present anglers and those of the future. I cannot emphasise strongly enough the need for your co-operation. Or f\) Thanking you in advance for your valued assistance.

Best wishes and good fishing. ,7///k- (T. H. Sinclair) President

page 2 leave bla¡k

Na¡ne

Address llot"t If you have not fished at all during the past 2 years, please tlck this box and retum the booklet pro¡¡PtlY.

Sex: (TICK box which applles)

FEMALE

Âge: CYEARS)

Please TICK the box below which best describes your Ol Eefore fllling in this booklet, please read enploynent status. (, the detailed explanation of each category on the next tvro pages. SELF-EMPLoYED tl

ÍIORKING FOR SALARIES OR WAGES: I

RETIRED

(e.g. student) OTHER: housewífe, t] Average nunber of flsh you land fron rivers each year

page 3 3r Strétch of wâtêr fiShed

You nay fish the whole length of a particular river or you may have a preferred flsht.ng locallty. As the You should only fill ín the categories lf you'have character of a river may alter fron the headwaters to actttally fished the rlver under consideration, In the mlddle and lower reaches, please tlck whlch length other words leave a blank beside those rivers you of river you fish. 1.f you fish the whole rlve¡ then are not fanl1la¡ wlth. you would tick all three categories. 1. Inportance of the river to you as an.angler 4. The ain of this sectlon is to find out why you value each river you fish. Consider each river ín Thls category relies on your own judgernent and isolation of the others and theri grâde each reason feellngs about the rivers you fish. The score you between 1-5. Most of the reasons are self explanatory. glve each rlver 1s not necesserily related to the anormt of tine you spend angling on it. You rnay for (a) Close to whére you llve would lnclude rlve¡s which instance, value the headwaters of a remote ríver ffit drive.S = closest hlghty, because of the quality of the whole angling experience even although you only manage a trip every tb) Easy access woul.d include rivers which can be 2-3 years. On the other hand, you mây value a ¡lver ffieñ to, or that only involve a short walk to close to hone as lt allows you to go fishlng teach the river bed. 5 = easlest frequently. One way of assessing the irnportance of a rlver to you ls to inaglne how you would feel lf (c) Large area of water fishable lncorporates the you no longer had the opportrmity of fishing lt. ffiftie, or wading through Ol long stretches of watel, which nay contain both Þ 2- Averase ntmber of vislts vou nake to flsh this pools ancl rifFles in order to continue angling river each year without having to leave the river,

You probably donrt visít a iiver to fish lt the same (d) Scenic beauty should include the river bed, the nunber oF tinres each year and the¡efore your avelage rive;Jñã river banks and surrounding views, either innediate or panoramic.

may be gained without (e) Feelings of solitude/peace - @ and will be influenced by the geography of the river. For instance, lf fishing in a gorge, the existence of a road above nay not detract from feelings of solitude if it is out of sight and the traffic noise cannot be heard.

page.4 cöóil êdtéh f) ráte refer! to the'You nunber of fish you catch Alieiágé dlñbeÉ of. fish )tóú cátch eách year iñ;-ceriã1n amount of tlne. may fish some rivers all day wlthout success and yet catch several flsh Ln This ls the total nunber of fish you catch fron all the the same tlne from another river. rlvers you flsh durlng the year. Once again you nay like to take àn average fron your last S-5 years of g) Size of fish: 1. snaller than 23 cn (9 inches) catches. If you ftnd tt difficult to reme¡nber exactly, 2. 23 cm [9rr) - 38 cn (15") an approxlrnatlon will do. 3. 38 cn (15tr) - 53 cm (21t') 4. 53 cn (21r') - 65 cn (26't) 5. larger than 65 cm (26t') If you have any queries about the survey or categories 5. Which methods dö you usually use included Ìn the booklet, or if you need so¡ne assistance to fill in the questionnaire, the people whose nanes Tick the appropriate categories for each river. and telephone numbers are listed below will be only Naturally the regulations will restrict the use of too willing to help you: sone nethods fro¡n sone waters and these will be taken into account in the analysis of results. Mr E. L. Kendrick Mr D. B. Aagaard Phonel Midhirst 864 Phone: Stratford 7855 6. Other recreational activities Messrs C. E. Sangster € I. B. Tha¡ne You nay visit sorne rivers purely for the angling (Magnun Sports Ltd) Ol experíence, but there are many other recreatlonal Phone: Stratford 7248 (Jt activities which can be carried out in conJunction with angling and which nay involve farnily and friends. You can indicate the other activities you participate in by ticking the appropriate categories.

Rívers outside of the Stratford Acclirnatisation Sôciéty

You will notice at the end of the booklet that spaces have been left for you to fill in infornation about rivers outside of your society district which you may visit to fish. Fill in the categories in the sane way as you did for the rivers in your own society district.

page 5 Stratford (4) (3) Grade from l-5 (as in column 1) all River (1) (2) tretch of water of the following for each river ade fron l-5 the Average nurnber fished (please by ticking the appropriate number. the importance of of visits you you as make (a) (b) (c) the ¡iver to to fish Ø angler this river í) Close to where Easy access Large area of lowest value each year (,) you live to the river water fishabl - o (ü average/low ¡r c) - (¡) É, average value +J - (! c) - average/high €¡ € (ú rd - highest value .d c) E

Exanp 1 e rrvel [tanganu (above W-aiouku confluence tea Rukumoana Piakau

Kahouri Or Oì Konini

Makuri ngongoro Elthan .Mangatoki above

Kapuni Stratford- 09

Kaupokonui Opunake Rd 10

page 6 (s) (ó) (7) Grade fron 1-5 (as in colunn 1) all Which method do you you conbine angling with any itional of the following for each river usually use on tltis ther recreational activity on cornmetìts by ticking the appropri¿rte number. river? (please tick) his river? (please tick)

(d) (e) (e) Scenic Feelings of Size of fish beauty so I i tude/ usual ly Peace caught (see ins tructions )

Or \l Stratford (,r) (3) (ìratle f rom l -5 (as in columrl l ) al I River il) (r) Stretch of water of the following for each river [ìrade from l-S the Average number fished (please by ticking the appropri¿ìte number. the importance of o[ visits you the rrver to )'ou as make to fish (a ) (b) (c ) r-iver OJ Close to where []irsv ¡¡ccess [;rrge rtre:t oI an angler this O year U you live to tlìe rl!er w,rt er f i shah I 1 - lowest value each dt average/Iow l. o d 2 - 0) d q) average valr.re d 3 - .d o ] f- 4 - average/high ! .J o (ú -ú 3 5 - highest value o o (.od e T I 3 J 5 I l 4 5 1 5 ( / / r r' t/ I: xa le river KX + Other rivers fished in the Stratford District (please specify)

Ol oo

Rivers outside the Stratford District (please specify) Note: Iìivers in which both salnon and trout are caught: as salmon and trout fishing tend to be rather different experiences, please fill in a separatè line for each if yoil fish for both in the sâne river e.g, Rakaia trout Rakaia salnon.

page I (s) (6) (7) Grade f¡onr 1-5 tas in column f) all Which method do you you combine angling with any itional of the following for each river usually,use on tlìis ther recreational activity on comments by ticking the appropriate number. river? (please tick) his river? (please tick) (d) (e) (f) (e) Sceni c Feelings of Good catch Size of fish beauty so I i tude/ ra te usually peace caught (see instruc t ions )

Or \o

I

APPENDIX II Histograms of ratings assigned by respondents to the

relative impontance of the ang'ling experience and seven othen quaìities (distance from home, access, area of

fishable waten, scenic beauty, feeìings of peace and so'litude, catch rate, and si ze of f ish ) for 15 r'ivens

'in the Taranaki negion which attracted more than 25 respondents. Histograms of reach of river fished, fishing methods used, and associated recreational activ'it'ies of anglers vis'it'ing each river are also shown. (Although

some anglers did not respond to all questions, this has not been shown in the histograms.)

Key: I = insignjficant $ = exceptional

Stnetch of river fished: H = headwaters M = mi ddle reaches L = lower reaches

Fishìng method used: D = dry fly hl = wet f]y N = nymph B = live bait S = spi nner

Recreati onal acti v'iti es: E = enjoying the sceneny P = pi cni cki ng S = SWimmì ng K = canoei ng R = rafti ng c = campi ng T = trampi ng H = shooti ng 72

Manganul River (n=18) 100

Maketawa Stream h=3t) 100

a g o Ê Walongana Stream (n=4O) o 100 o (, Ê o rJ o o o tr o o o À Walwhakalho River (n=90) 100

12345 12345 12345 12345 12545 12345 lmportance Dl¡tance Accesg Arca Scenlc Solltude 73

Manganul Rlver (n =f 8) 100

Maketawa Stream (n=3t) 100

oO g o c Walongana St¡eam (n =¿O) roo Io (, Ê o a Bso t'o 6 oão èo Waiwhakaiho RÍver (n =90) 100

Mangorel St¡eam (n=37)

12345 12345 HML DWNBS EPSKRCTH Catch rate Slzo Rcach Mcthod Actlvltle¡ 74

Kaiaual Stream h=30) 100

Te Henul St¡eam h=38)

o eo Stony River (¡=75) F loo o o t 950 C' o

o o| EoÊ o (, o Ê Warea River h=49) 100

o

Waiaua RiYe¡ h=35) 100

12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 lmportance Dletance AcceBg Arca Scenlc Solltude 75

Katauai St¡eam (n = 30) 100

Te Henul Stream (n=38)

o I oc o Stony Rlver (n=75) 100 o o c o 5 CT cl o E E o () èo Wa¡ea Rlver (n=49) too

o

Walaua River h=35) 100

12345 12345 HML DWNBS EPSKRCTH Catch rate Slze Reach Method Actlvltles 76

Kaupokonul Stream (n. 69¡

Mangawhe¡o Stream (n = 36)

.D I (n=341 oc Kapuni Stream 6 100 o (, c o rã 50 o

o o Ê o o I o À Weingongorc RÍver (n.¿6)

Patea River (n=27)

12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 1234s lmportance Dlstance Access Arca Scenlc Solltude 77

n (n-69)

Mangawhe¡o Stream (n =36)

aà g o Ê, o Kapunl Stream (n=3¿) o à () t o rI c,

o F c o o o À Waingongo¡o Rive¡ h =46) foo

50

o

Patea Rlver (n=27) l(xt

5()

12345 12345 HML DWNBS EPSKRCTH Catch rate Slze Reach Method Actlvltles

79

APPENDIX III Histograms of ratings assigned by respondents to the nelative importance of the angling experience and seven other qua'lities (dìstance from home' access, area of fishable water, scenic beauty, feeìings of peace and solìtude, catch rate, and size of fish) for three rivers in the Taranaki region which attracted 10 or more

respondents f rom two accl i mati sat'ion soci ety d'i stricts . Histograms of reach of riven fished, fishing methods used, and associated recreational activities of angìers visiting each river are also shown. (Although some anglers did not respond to al'l questions, th'is has not been shown 'in the

hi stograms. ) BO

Manganul River- Taranakl (n=65¡

Manganul River - St¡atforÚ fu =13)

o g o E Kaupokonul Stream (Hawera) (n=íO) E o (,à c o gI o o o Ê o (¡ o À Kaupokonul Stream (Stratford) (n = 1O)

Walngongorc Rivq (Iþwera) (n.29) 100

12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 lmportance Dlstanco Accese Arca Scenlc Solltude 81

Manganui Rlve¡-Taranakl (n -65)

Manganul Rlver'stratfo¡d (n = I 3)

g o tr o Kaupokonul Stream (Hawe¡a) (n.50) o 100 o Ê o gt o o 6 tr o () o À Kaupokonui Stream (St¡atfo¡d) h =lO)

(Hawe¡d h =29) 100

50

12345 DWN B S EPSKRCTH Catch rate Method Actlvltle¡ 82

Waiingongoro Rive¡ (stratfo¡d) h =t5) 100

û o o Ê 6 Ëo 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 C' Ê o lmportance Distance Access Arca Scenlc Solitude

CT= o

t'o s roo Ê o o o À 50

12345 12345 HML DWN B S EPSKRCTH Gatch rate Slze Reach Method Actlvltles 83 B4

Waltara River h=lO) roo

50

o

Ngatoro Stream (n=Z¿) too

6v g o g (n I 6 Ngetoroltl St¡eam =t ) 100 o () tr o tso= o 6 o5o o È Mangaoraka Stream h =t6) 100

50

TaPuae St¡eam (n-lg)

1234s 12g45 12í345 12345 12345 12345 |mportanceDlstanceAccessArcaScenlcSolitude 85

Waitara River (n = lO) 100

50

o

Ngatoro Stream (n=24) 100

tÐ g o E (n o NgatoroÍtl Stream = I l) 100 o () c o r= 50 o o o C o o ttt À Mangaoraka St¡eam (n =16)

Tapuae St¡eam (n=19)

12345 12345 HML DWN B S EPSKRCTH Catch rate Slze Reach Method Actlvltles 86

Oakura River (n=17) 100

Timaru Stream (n = t 5) 100

o o g o E Katika¡a St¡eam (n=lO) o loo Þo (, t o FsoI o o

(,5o o À Kathlhl Stream (n = l8) 100

Walwe¡anul Stream (n= 20) 100

12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 lmportance Dlstance Access Arca Scenlc Solltude 87

Oakura Rlver (n=17) 100

(n Tlma¡u Stream = t 5)

tû e co o Katlka¡a Stream (n =lO) o () Ê o J oCT

o o Ê o () o è Kaihlhl Stream h=18) too

Walweranul St¡eem ft¡=2O) 1()0

12345 12345 HML DWNBS EPSKRCTH Gatch rate Slze Reach Method Actlvltle¡ stream fu = 24) 100

o

lllangahume St¡eam h- 14) 100

o e Taungatara Stream (n - lg) co F o o Ê o 3 C' o o o c o o o o. Punehu Stream h=13) 100

o

Otakeho St¡eam (n.17) 100

12545 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 lmportanco Dlstance Acceeg Area Scenlc Solltude B9

Kapoalaia Stream (n=24) 1()0

50

o

Mangahume Stream (n=t¿) 100

50

o o g o (n,- Ê Taungata¡a Stream lg) o 100 o (, Ê o J 50 or o 6 c (,o o o Ê Punehu Stream (n =13) 100

50

o

Otakeho Stream (n=17) 100

50

o EPSKRCTH Acüvltles 90

Dunns St¡eam (n=t4)

Mangatokl Stream (n =15) 100

6 o õoE o 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 12345 o hportance Dbtance Access Area Scenlc Solitude o Ê o r o o o Ê o o Dunns Stream h=l¿) Ë too

Mangatokl Stream h.15)

EPSKRCTH Cdch rato Stze Reach Method Acttulüea I I I

¡ I t I t I I t I t I I I I I I I