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The Legislative Roles of the Negro Congressman

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The Legislative Roles of the Negro Congressman The legislative roles of the negro congressman Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Renwick, Edward Francis, 1938- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 23:53:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347449 THE LEGISLATIVE ROLES OF THE NEGRO CONGRESSMAN ■ by '■ Edward Renwick A Thesis Submitted to the Facuity of the DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College • THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ' 19 6 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNE D: Loo cvuj ^ 4 , ^ cc K APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: CONRAD JOYNER/ Date Associate ProfessoY' of Government PREFACE The purpose of this thesis is to discover and analyze the primary interests of the four Negroes who .are currently members of the United States House of Representatives--William L. Dawson, Adam Clayton . - Powell, Jr. * Charles C. Diggs, Jr. , and Robert N. C. Nix. In addition, I have attempted to determine how these Negro Congressmen perform their duties with regard to those interests. In determining the Congress­ men's duties and interests it is necessary to examine the social and economic conditions of the districts they represent. It is also useful : to discuss the deficiencies and assets of Northern Negro leadership in 'detaiL , . : ' . : : The four Cohgressmen:haye;been'Aeglected in br)fh scholarly • and popular writing. Two of them ■|Rohert NuG. Nfx and Charles. C. Diggs, Jr.) receive virtually no coverage by the mass media.. ‘ Little is - known of the.goals, methods, and power they possess. The latter applies with equal validity to Powell and Dawson, who frequently receive attention by the mass media. Because of. this scholarly and popular neglect, I have . analyzed the roles of the four. Negro Congressmen, through an examination of their public utterahces and their Congressional activities . • The problem of the thesis is: What are the roles of the Negro Congressmen? What methods and procedures do the Congressmen, pursue to see that their high priority interests bocome public policy ?; ' Their voting records have been analyzed to ascertain the fields in which they vote as a bloc. The floor debate they engage in, and the bills, they introduce have been reviewed to determine if they follow a course favorable to Negro interests. ; The lives and actions of the Congressmen previous to their election are chronicled.to the extent that it is possible in order to gain insights into their political careers . The author Would like to express his appreciation to his accomplices before thp literary fact. As is often the case, he cannot here adequately acknowledge his indebtedness to others. The contributions of those who played some role in the protracted process that has culminated in this thesis are too numerous to enumerate. For example, he cannot properly acknowledge his debt to the accommodating librarians at the' University of Arizona, or to the acquaintances who have pointed out various avenues of research for the author to -pursue. ■ • But there are several contributions without which this paper could not have been written. The author is deeply indebted to Professor Conrad Joyner, the director of the thesis, whose critical evaluation on a page-by-page basis has been invaluable; to Professors Neal Houghton and Paul Kelso, the remaining members of the author's committee > whose assistance is appreciated; to Professor Frank J. Sorauf, who suggested this project; to the many other professors who have served' " on the- author's committee; to Mrs. Carmichael, the typist, who has - ' always met the author "s . deadlines'; and most of all to my parents without whose indulgence and financial assistance, this endeavor would not'have been possible. - - ' - ' : i; ' v ■ : - t t -- : As for the following - paper itself the author can only say along with Chaucer's Squire', /'. .Hold me excused, if I say ought amiss, . • ■ : . ■ . My aim is good, arid 10, my tale is this.: : . ; : ' CONTENTS ■ . ■ ■ '■ . ' '' ' \ ' .. ' Page ^^E.EE-^\^SE o o'. O O O " O 0.0 O O "O' O O 0.0 o O'. O O O O O O O O o 0 0.0 o o o o ■‘1X1 LIST OF TABLES » o '-'i .o o o o o o o 0 o o o . o) o : o- o' :o « >. » o. o. = o o o o viii Chapter ' ' : I . THE ECOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN NEGRO . 1 General Introduction L . ; ' New York , '' - ■ . ' v ' ' - Chicago. ^ :: : , ' ' Detroit ^V^7 "’v" ' - ' '' : Philadelphia II. NEGRO LEADERSHIP . .. ..... ... 27 . : Introduction ; ' . .. ’• , : Consequences of Segregation on Negro Leadership : Development of Negro Organizations • , The Political Involvement of the Negro Political Styles of the Negro Leadership Development of a Changing Negro Viewpoint daw son . ■. v:.. \ /.. -.. 37 Negro Participation in Chicago Politics The Success of the Organization . ' Background of Dawson . ■ . • Dawson as a Political Leader ■ : Dawson's Legislative Record Analysis of Dawson's Speeches .. Evaluation . CONTENTS Chapter . ; • v ■ ' ' ' : . Page ' W. CLAYTON POWELL>JR0 . .. • - V - • • • • • • • 71 Biography of Powell . ' ' : . ' . , . ; Political Career of Powell . Powell and the Democratic Party . • : Powell's Legislative Record . Public Speeche s ; ^ . ■ : Evaluation v. • . V - - : , . ■ : V. CHARLES C„ DIGGS^ JR„ AND ROBERT E„ C„ NIX . ., . 102 : • y;': , Charles C. Diggs, Jr. ; ; r <y:;, ;' V.: 'V; . 1 y . Background of Diggs ^ D. ,■ - " s. , ' Diggs' Legislative Record ' /; ", y ■ ' . ■ ■ / Public Speeches ' ' - . : " . ■ Evaluation ' . , .:D s & v Robert E . C . Nix : Background of Nix Nix's Legislative Record Public Speeches . ■ ■ ■ y , , : ■ ■ / ' ' ■ Evaluation / - T-i- ‘ : VI. CONCLUSIONS ..... , 12,4 BIBLIOGRAPHY V . : . d . D . 130 ■' ' ' : : LIST OF TABLES Table •• . Page Chapter I r' \ ' ; -:y ■ : . ' : ; ' New York; . ' ; ' ' 1. Population . , v . .<•.”••• •. • • ... ... 3 2. Occupancy. < .... b . .' . 3 3. Housing: "Sound" . t .. ^ . .... » . 4 4. Housing: "Deteriorated" and '"Dilapidated". i . ... 4 5 . Education: 5 to: 24 Years Inclusive . ,v. i .. v . 9 ; 6 . Education: Over 25 Years . ..... ... 9 7. Occupatmhai;Categories V- . 'vt.: ^ ^ .;'. .. .’ 10 8. Unemployment Comparison of Chicago, New York, Detroit, and \ v Philadelphia . ... .. ... .« • . ■ . i 2 9. Income . .... ... ... .. ... .... t . 12 Chicago / o.:/'. v ; ' .; t; :" . \ ' :: 10. iIP^3ulation .. ... .. .. * . .■,.. .. 14 11 .■ Occupancy. ....... ■.. « . ■ . ., . « « . » « «... .' ®. • ® .15 • •■12, Housing: "Sound" . .- . , . .. > •.• . 15 13. Housing: "Deteriorated" and "Dilapidated". .... ... 15 14. Education: 5 to 24 Years Inclusive V . ........ 16 15. Education: Over 25 Years . t . .... , . , 16 viil LIST OF TABLES . Table . ' ' , ■ ■ . ' . Page 16.. Occupational Categories . <.» ... ..... 17 .17, Income . .. 1,.. * . ® . ., . ... * ...... * . * . 18 Detroit • ' : ■ ■.f . .■■■' ’ ' . ■. 18. Population. ., * . ...«. .. * . ,. ..... • ® « « . ^ * - 1-8 19. Occupancy . .... ... , . V ..... ....... 19 20; Housing: "Sound" . .. ..... ............ 19 . ■ 21:. Housing: "Deteriorated" and "Dilapidated" . ., . 19 22. Education: 5 to 24 Years Inclusive. ; . > . , 20 23. Education: Over 25 Years . ....... ...... 20 24. Occupational Categories . •. 22 25. Income . .. ® . ... * * * *. « . ‘ * .. * * .. * * . *. .. ■. ® ® * 22 Philadelphia . ..... ' ■ • 26. PO P Ula t lO n ;. -a.. » , * e ,. 1 .." e . .1 * * e " ., .. .» e . * . * .23 27. Occupancy . ..... ... ....... .. 23 .;.... 28.i Housing: "Sound" . i i :. v. i;: . i . ; . :y .. " 24 29., Housing: "Deteriorated" and "Dilapidated" . 24 . 30. Education: 5 to 24 Years inclusive, il.. .1. .. .. 24 :31. Education: Over 25 Years ..... .. ............. 25. LIST OF TABLES Table Page 32, Occupational Categories 26 33. Income 26 L. Dawson 57 2. - Roll Calls of William L.> Dawson 58 ■ 3. Votes Against the Voting Democratic Majority by . : . William L. Dawson . .. 60 Chapter IV . • V - L : - . ' 1. Breakdown of Legislation Introduced by Adam Clayton Powell . 86 - 2. Roll Calls -of Adam Clayton Powell . .. 87 3. Votes Against the Voting Democratic Majority by . Adam Clayton Powell ..... .W . -. 88 Chapter V ■ ■ • % VI . ^ - ■, - 1. Breakdown of Legislation Introduced by Charles C . Diggs ... 105 2. Roll Calls of Charles C. Diggs. .. .. y;. V 107 3. Votes Against the Voting Democratic Majority by ' : Charles C. Diggs . ........... .' .:... 108 4. Breakdown of Legislation Introduced-by Robert Nix . 116 5 . Roll Calls .of Robert Nix . .... .; . 117 6. Votes. Against the Voting Majority by Robert Nix
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