laikndh; vkradokn dks pqukSrh nsxk Lor% LiQwrZ fgUnw tkxj.k vfHk;ku &fnus'k pUæ R;kxh loZ=k ,d gh ppkZ gS] ,d gh [krjk gS & vkradokn! nwljh thr ds lkFk igyk fdyk gkFk ls fudy tkus dk vkradokn!! ns'k ds dbZ izkUrksa esa vyx&vyx uke ls lekpkj mls fey tkrkA mls le> gh ugha vk;k fd og mHkj jgs gSa u;s&u;s mxzoknh laxBuA dgha fgUnqvksa dk fdlls ;q¼ dj jgk gSA ejkBs fdl usrk ds usr`Ro esa fdys fouk'k] dgha iqfyl ij geys vkSj lsuk eq[;ky;ksa ij Hkh ij fdys Nhurs tk jgs gSaA cgqr nsj ls mls le> esa vk;k jkWdsVksa ls ceckjhA dsjy ls d'ehj rd] jktLFkku ls fd og gok ls yM+kbZ yM+ jgk gSA vFkkZr~ fdlh usrk dh ukxkyS.M rd mxzokn us lcdks vkrafdr dj fn;k gSA lsuk ugha yM+ jgh&lkjk jk"Vª yM+ jgk gSA vafre le; vdsyk ohjIiu lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj dj vk;k vkSj 1707 esa vkSjaxtsc dks ejkBksa us lnSo ds fy, Hkh dukZVd vkSj rfeyukMq tSlh nks izns'k ljdkjksa dh dcz esa lqyk fn;kA vkSjaxkckn (lEHkkth uxj) esa mldh ukd esa udsy Mkys jgkA vigj.k m|ksx ls fnYyh o dcz vkt Hkh gS tgk¡ og d;ker ds fnu dh izrh{kk esa mÙkj izns'k Hkh tdM+s tk pqds gSaA rLdjksa] ekfiQ;k fxjksgksa] ysVk gqvk gSA udyh uksVksa dk /a/k djus okyksa dh /j idM+ Hkh gks jgh 16 vxLr 1946 ds fnu eqfLye yhx us Mk;jsDV gS fiQj Hkh leL;k lqjlk ds e¡qg dh rjg c<+rh gh tk ,D'ku Ms euk;kA lh/h dk;Zokgh (vkØe.k) djds jgh gSA ljdkjsa ewdn'kZd o ykpkj lh cuh cSBh gSaA gtkjksa fgUnqvksa dks dydÙkk vkfn uxjksa esa ekj Mkyk x;k] iz;Ru Hkh de ugha gks jgs] fiQj Hkh vkrad dks jksdk ugha efgykvksa ij vR;kpkj fd;s x;sA izfrfØ;k esa fcgkj ty tk ik jgkA uDlyoknh vkrad NÙkhlx<+ o vU; dbZ mBkA tc vR;kpkjksa ds ckn izR;kpkjksa dh vfXu //dus izkUrksa esa gt+kjksa lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa dh cfy p<+k pqdk gSA ijUrq yxh rks egkRek dgykus okys xk¡/h th vu'ku ij cSB taxyksa esa fNis uDly fxjksgksa dks 1 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 dksbZ Vªsu ikfdLrku ls iqu% bl izdkj Hkstus dk nq%lkgl 1992 dk eqacbZ naxk ugha fd;k x;kA ikfdLrku dks yk'kksa ls Hkjh ,d ds cnys 6 fnlEcj 1992 dks v;ksè;k dh ?kVuk ?kfVr gksus ds nks Vªsusa Hkstus okys dkSu Fks\ os Fks dkaxzsl ds nks egku usrk ckn cEcbZ esa dqN vkradokfn;ksa us fgUnqvksa ij vR;kpkj usg#th o ljnkj iVsyA ml le; Hkh fnYyh esa xk¡/h th izkjaHk fd,A Hkh"k.k ujlagkj vkSj vR;kpkj gqvkA tc o usg# th us feydj ikfdLrku Hkkx jgs eqlyekuksa dks izR;kpkj dk vfHk;ku [kM+k gqvk rks yk[kksa eqlyeku jksdkA ijUrq buesa ls dksbZ Hkh usrk ikfdLrku ugha x;k tks cEcbZ NksM+dj Hkkxus ds fy, foo'k gq,A ;fn lkFk&lkFk ogk¡ fgUnqvksa ij 2 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 pkfg, fd d'ehj gekjk vfHkUu vax gSA gedks ^ijek.kq ;q¼* dh Hk;kogrk dh fpark rks gS ij ;g og dkSu&lh ekufldrk Fkh tks 1947 esa eqtÝiQjkckn ugha lksprs fd fnu&izfrfnu vkradh ng'kr ls rks NqVdkjk feys (ihvksds) dh vksj c<+rh gqbZ lsukvksa dks mjh esa jksd nsrh gS] vkSj lSfudksa ds flj dVus dk flyflyk rks FkesA tc ikfdLrku tks 1965 esa ykgkSj ij dCtk ugha djrh cfYd gkthihj o ds iwoZ iz/kuea=kh (tqfYiQdkj vyh HkqV~Vks) ^,d gt+kj o"kZ mM+h&iqaN vkfn lsDVj dks okfil ikus ij Hkh rk'kdan tSls rd yM+us* dh lksp j[krs jgs vkSj gekjs iwoZ iz/kuea=kh (MkW- le>kSrksa esa NksM+ nsrh gS tks 1971 esa ck¡Xykns'k rks cuok nsrh eueksgu flag) ^gtkj ?kko [kk dj Hkh VwVsaxs ugha* dh lksp gS ij viuk d'ehj dk Hkkx okil ugha ysrh vkSj tks 1999 j[kdj vkØked ugha gksrs\ ge D;ksa ckj&ckj viekfur gksdj esa dkjfxy dh nqxZe igkfM+;ksa esa viuh lsuk ds lSdM+ksa gksugkj Hkh vesfjdk vkfn ns'kksa ds le{k ikfdLrkuh vk?kkrksa dk jksuk ;qok vf/dkfj;ksa o lSfudksa ds cfynku gksus ij Hkh gkFk vk;s jksdj vius cpko ds fy, fxM+fxM+krs jgs\ vkRej{kkFkZ dhV&iraxs 'k=kq lSfudksa ij izgkj u djus ds fy, foo'k dj nsrh gSA og Hkh iyVokj djrs gSa] ysfdu lSdM+ksa ?kko >syus ds ckn Hkh dkSu lh lksp Fkh tc 2001 esa laln ij vkradh geyk gqvk gt+kj ?kkoksa dks vkSj >syus ij Hkh 'kk;n gekjs lÙkk/kjh jkten vkSj mlds ckn vkj&ikj ds ;q¼ dh yydkj ds lkFk lhekvksa esa lqLr vkSj eLr jgsaA D;k bl izdkj yksdra=k ds 3 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 vkslkek fcu yknsu ds leku nkÅn bczkfge] vt+gj elwn blds fy, dqN egRoiw.kZ fu.kZ; Hkh vko';d gSa] tSls o gkfiQt+ lbZn vkfn eksLV okaVsM vkrafd;ksa dks ekj ugha ikfdLrku dks eksLV iQsojsV us'ku (MFN) u ekuk tk; vkSj ldrs\ è;ku jgs fd gekjs tujy oh-ds-flag (tks vkt dsUnzh; le>kSrk ,Dlizsl] fnYyh&ykgkSj cl lsok o vU; ftrus ljdkj esa jkT;ea=kh gSa) us dgk Fkk fd gekjh lsuk;sa ,scVkckn Hkh Hkkjr&ikd ;k=kk ds jsy o lM+d ekxZ gSa lHkh dks tSlh dk;Zokgh djus esa l{ke gSa] ij D;k ge viuh l{kerk izfrcaf/r dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A lkaLÑfrd] fiQYeh o dk mi;ksx djus dh bPNk'kfDr j[krs gSa\ bl lR; dks Nqik;k [ksy vkfn ds uke ij vk;s gq, lHkh ikfdLrkfu;ksa dks ugha tk ldrk fd lsuk;sa mruh gh 'kfDr'kkyh gksrh gSa ftruh fu%ladksp ns'k ls fudkyk tk;s vkSj Hkfo"; ds fy, bl ij Hkh gekjh jktuSfrd 'kfDrA ijUrq lsuk;sa lÙkk/kfj;ksa ds funsZ'kksa dk izfrca/ yxsaA Hkkjr dh laiw.kZ lhekvksa ij ?kqliSfB;ksa o ikyu djus dks ckè; gksrh gSa] rHkh os 'k=kqvksa }kjk vius lkfFk;ksa vkrafd;ksa dks jksdus ds izHkkoh mik; fd;s tk;saA lhek {ks=kksa esa ds flj dkVs tkus tSls t?kU; dk.Mksa dk Hkh cnyk ysus ds fy, voS/ efLtn o enjlksa ij U;kf;d dk;Zokgh djds mudks Øks/ vkSj vk¡lqvksa ds ?k¡wV ihus dks foo'k gksrh gSaA ,slh èoLr fd;k tk;sA ns'k esa ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr 90 eqfLye cgqy vkRe?kkrh vkSj uiqald j.kuhfr dkSu&lh lSU; uhfr dk Hkkx gSA ftyksa esa gh fiNys 30 o"kksZa ds iqfyl o xqIrpj foHkkxksa ds vfHkys[kksa dk C;kSjk (fjdkWMZ~l) ns[ksa rks mlesa udyh djsalh] vkt Hkkjr dh turk vkarfjd lqj{kk ,oa ^jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku* voS/ gfFk;kj] u'khys inkFkZ o vU; ns'knzksgh ?kVukvksa esa fyIr ds lkFk thuk pkgrh gSA os vfLFkjrk dh vksj c<+ jgs ik;s tkus okys vijk/h vf/dka'k eqfLye gh feysaxsA bu lcds ikfdLrku dh gsadM+h ls vkgr gSA mls viuk [kks;k gqvk ihNs vge Hkwfedk esa ikd xqIrpj laLFkk (vkbZ-,l-vkbZ-) o d'ehj pkfg;s] pkgs mlds fy, ;q¼ fNM+ tk;s ij fuR; gksus dqN vkradh laxBu gh gSa] tks n'kdksa ls Hkkjr fojks/h "kM~;a=k okys >xM+ksa ls rks fuiVkjk gksxkA tc gekjk lafo/ku dk jprs vk jgs gSaA vusd voljksa ij idM+s tkus okys ,sls vkradh vuqPNsn 355 lHkh ukxfjdksa dh ckgjh o vkarfjd lqj{kk dh o vU; vijk/h idM+s tkus ds ckn Hkh U;kf;d izfØ;k esa xkjaVh nsrk gS rks ljdkj dks viuk nkf;Ro fuHkkus esa dSlk vusd dfe;ka gksus ls NwVrs jgrs gSa vkSj fiQj idM+s tkus o ladksp\ jk"Vªokfn;ksa us jk"Vª ds lEeku dh j{kk ds fy, gh rks NwVus dk flyflyk dqN o"kksZa rd pyrk gSA /hjs&/hjs ,sls Jh ujsUnz eksnh dh vkØkedrk dks è;ku esa j[kdj mUgsa vius vkradh rRo viuh igpku fNikus esa liQy gksdj lqjf{kr gks ns'k dk iz/kuea=kh pquk FkkA nks o"kksZa ls ftl vkØkedrk dh tkrs gSaA ,sls rRoksa ls ns'k dh ckgjh o vkarfjd lqj{kk ds fy, eksnh ls vk'kk o izrh{kk Fkh mldk lans'k 70osa Lora=krk fnol ljdkj dks dBksjrk ls fuiVuk gksxkA ,sls ns'knzksfg;ksa ds iQSys ij lquus dks feykA vc mls lkFkZd djds Hkkjr dh ^lkÝV gq, usVodZ vkSj vksoj xzkmaM odZj (OGW) tks nhed ds LVsV* dh /wfey Nfo dks gVk dj Hkkjrh; LokfHkeku dks leku pqipki jk"Vª dks [kks[kyk djus esa yxs gq, gSa] ds Hksn txkuk gksxkA [kqyus ls 'k=kqvksa ds "kM~;a=kksa ij vadq'k yxk;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr ds ikl izpaM lkeF;Z gS] lsukvksa esa ijkØe dh dksbZ vr% bu fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj leL;kvksa dks liQyrkiwoZd deh ugha ,oa jk"Vªokfn;ksa esa ekr`Hkwfe ds fy, dqN dj xqtjus fu;af=kr djus ds fy, loZizFke jk"Vªoknh iz/kuea=kh vkSj muds dk mRlkg fdlh vkg~oku dh izrh{kk esa v/hj gks jgk gSA lkfFk;ksa dks xk¡/h usg# dh ikdijLr o eqfLye mUeq[kh tcfd ikfdLrku vkarfjd :i ls VwV pqdk gS vkSj vesfjdh jktuhfr dh Nk;k ls ckgj fudyuk gksxkA rHkh Hkkjrh; ewY;ksa MkWyj o phu ds ne ij iy jgk gSA ,sls esa ;ksxeqnzk esa cSBs dk lEeku djus okys orZeku lÙkk/kjh ^'kBs 'kkB~;e lekpjsr* eksnh th dks vc vk¡[kksa esa vk¡[k Mky dj ckrsa djus ds LFkku (nq"V ds lkFk nq"Vrk dk O;ogkj) dk ikyu djrs gq, l'kDr ij iwjh :ijs[kk ds vuqlkj 'ks"k d'ehj dks okil ikus o o leFkZ Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k dj ik;saxsA eksnh th dk tqeyk Hkh vk;kfrr vkradokn (ikfdLrku vkfn }kjk fu;kZr) dks lekIr rHkh lkFkZd gksxk tc os 'k=kq dks ^mlh dh Hkk"kk esa le>kus* djus ds fy, vkØked uhfr;k¡ viukuh gksaxhA dk jk"Vª ls fd;k x;k ^opu* iwjk djsaxs\ 4 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 xq# xksfoUn flag th egkjkt & ,d izsj.kknk;h thou 350 osa izdk'k ioZ ds volj ij J¼k leiZ.k lEiw.kZ lalkj esa iQSyk flD[k lekt n'ke xq: xksfoUn lÙkk ds }kjk xq: th dks fnYyh yk;k x;kA bLyke flag th egkjkt ds izdk'k ioZ (tUefnu) dk 350ok¡ o"kZ Lohdkj ugha djus ds dkj.k] fnYyh ds pk¡nuh pkSd esa euk jgk gSA 350 o"kZ igys ikS"k 'kqDy lIreh dks iVuk tgk¡ xq:}kjk 'kh'kxat gS ogha xq: rsx cgknqj flag th dks esa ekrk xqtjh us ,d ckyd dks tUe fn;k] ckyd dks 'kghn fd;k x;kA vU;k; ds fo#¼ vius firk dks iVuk ds fo}kuksa us ^^xksfoUn** uke fn;kA ;g ,sfrgkfld cfynku dh izsj.kk nsus okys ckyd xksfoUn dk ;g dk;Z 'kks/ dk fo"k; gS fd vkf[kj fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa xq: rsx ihf<+;ksa rd lekt dks izsj.kk nsrk jgsxkA vius firk dks cgknqj flag iatkc ls pydj iVuk igq¡ps vkSj viuh cfynku dh izsj.kk nsus dh ;g ?kVuk iatkc ds ftl LFkku èkeZiRuh dks iVuk esa gh jksddj os vdsys vkxs dh ;k=kk ij gqbZ og LFkku gh vkt dhjriqj lkgc ds uke ls tkuk ij fudy iM+sA 'kk;n rhFkZ;k=kk ds nkSjku gh mUgsa [kcj tkrk gSA feyh gksxh fd ?kj esa ,d ckyd vk;k gSA iVuk ds xksfoUn jk; cM+s gksrs gS] fudV dh igkfM+;ksa esa fLFkr fo}ku f'konÙk 'kekZ th us ml ckyd dks xksfoUn dgk uSuk nsoh esa tkdj ,d o"kZ rd ek¡ Hkxorh dk egk;K vkSj dgk fd ;s rks ,d vn~Hkqr] fnO;] 'kfDr lEiUu fd;k] (uSuk nsoh vkt fgekpy izns'k esa gS)A bl dk;Z ds ckyd gSA ckyd iVuk esa gh iyk] pyus fiQjus yxk] fy, dk'kh ds fo}kuksa dks cqyk;kA mikluk esa mUgksaus ns'k] le vk;q ds fe=kksa ds lkFk [ksyus yxkA /eZ vkSj lekt dh j{kk ds fy,] vR;kpkjksa ds fo#¼ ,slk o.kZu vkrk gS fd ,d ckj iVuk ds eqfLye la?k"kZ ds fy, vko';d 'kfDr ek¡ Hkxorh ls vo'; uokc 'kgj esa tk jgs Fks] uokc ds lsodksa us] flikfg;ksa us ek¡xh gksxh] ek¡ us og 'kfDr iznku dhA cPpksa ls dgk fd uokc dks lyke djks] xksfoUn us lyke vU;k; vkSj vR;kpkj ds fo#¼ la?k"kZ izkjEHk djus ls djus ls badkj dj fn;k vkSj vius lkfFk;ksa dks Hkh lyke igys xq: xksfoUn jk; th ds eu esa ;g fopkj vo'; ugha djus fn;kA NksVk lk ckyd tUe ls gh LokfHkeku ds vk;k gksxk fd lkjs fgUnqLrku dh lfEefyr 'kfDr ds lkFk laLdkj ysdj iSnk gqvkA feydj vR;kpkjksa dk eqdkcyk djsaxsA mUgksaus laxr firk th okil vk, vkSj iatkc ds fy, py fn,A (lEesyu) cqykbZA iwT; firk th ds f'k"; tgk¡&tgk¡ Fks dk'kh] iz;kxjkt o v;ksè;k ds n'kZu ckyd dks djkrh mu lcdks cqyk;kA ns'k dk izR;sd dksuk vk;kA (;g gqbZ ekrkth iatkc igq¡phaA laxr ftl LFkku ij gqbZ og LFkku gh vkt iatkc esa ;g bfrgkl loZKkr gS fd vkl&ikl ds fgUnw xq: vuUniqj lkgc ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS)A rsx cgknqj th ds ikl vk,] vius d"V crk;s] bLyke ds xq: xksfoUn jk; th us laxr dk vkg~oku fd;k fd vuq;k;h gesa lrk jgs gS] gesa eqlyeku cuus ds fy, /eZ dh j{kk ds fy, 'kh'k pkfg,A xq: th us ik¡p ckj ncko Mky jgs gSa] euk djus ij tku ls ekjus dh /edh 'kh'k nsus dk vkg~oku fd;k] ,d&,d djds ik¡p ;qod nsrs gSa] xqgkj yxkbZ&xq:nso gekjh j{kk djksA lquk vkSj i<+k [kM+s gq;s] vyx&vyx jkT;ksa ds] vyx&vyx tkfr;ksa tkrk gS fd xq: rsx cgknqj th ds eq¡g ls fudyk fd ;s dsA dksbZ [k=kh] dksbZ ukbZ] dksbZ /kschA Hkkjr dh ,drk] /eZ fdlh egkiq#"k dk cfynku pkgrk gSA lEHkor% ml ,dkRerk] lkekftd lejlrk vkSj ns'k ds fy, izk.kksRlxZ le; mUgha ds ikl [kM+k 9 o"kZ vk;q dk mudk iq=k dk ;g vn~Hkqr mnkgj.k gSA xq: th us ?kks"k.kk dh fd ;s xksfoUn firk th dks dgrk gS vkils cM+k dkSu gS] vki esjs [kkylk gSaA [kkylk ;kuh 'kq¼] dsoy cgknqj] ;q¼ ds gh cfynku ns nhft,A vius firk dks cfynku dh izsj.kk eSnku esa dsoy fot; izkIr djus okysA os ik¡pksa ;qod gh nsus okyk fd'kksj vk;q dk dkSu&lk nwljk ckyd bfrgkl iap I;kjs dgyk;sA ds iUuksa esa ik;k tkrk gS\ 'kk;n nwljk dksbZ ugha feysxk ,d cM+s crZu esa ikuh esa fe"BkUu ?kksyk x;k] [kM~x vkSj fiQj lc tkurs gS fd rRdkyhu vR;kpkjh bLykfed ls ml ehBs ty dks Li'kZ djk;k x;k] ?kks"k.kk dh fd ;g 5 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 ve`r gS] bldk iku djksA ik¡pksa f'k";ksa dks ve`r iku Hkxorh ds thou ij xzaFk fy[kk] fgUnw /eZ esa ekus tkus djk;k] ve`r Ndk;k] ik¡pksa f'k"; cu x;sA ijUrq xq: okys lHkh vorkjksa dh xkFkk fy[kh] Lo;a viuk thou xksfoUn jk; th us fiQj mu f'k";ksa ls Lo;a vius fy, fy[krs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk fd esjk rks tUe gh /eZ dh j{kk ve`r fy;k vkSj ve`r iku fd;kA ;s dSlk vn~Hkqr vkSj nq"Vksa ds fuokj.k ds fy, gqvk gSA xq: xksfoUn flag mnkgj.k gS] nqfu;k esa igys f'k"; cuk;s vkSj mu f'k";ksa th egkjkt us dHkh ugha dgk fd eSa bLyke ds fo#¼ ls ve`r Nd dj Lo;a mu f'k";ksa ds gh f'k"; cu x;sA yM+ jgk gw¡] os dgrs Fks fd eSa rks vU;k; vkSj vR;kpkj ;gha ls [kkylk dh LFkkiuk Hkh gks xbZA iq#"kkFkZ tkxj.k ds ds fo#¼ lekt dh j{kk ds fy, dk;Z dj jgk gw¡A fy, vius uke ds lkFk ^^flag** yxkus dk vkns'k gks xq: th us fons'kh vkØkarkvksa dk ekxZ lnSo ds fy, x;k] xq: xksfoUn jk; vc xq: xksfoUn flag cu x;sA can dj fn;k] ijUrq dHkh bl fot; dk Js; Lo;a ugha vU; lc f'k"; Hkh flag gks x;sA ds'k] da?kk] dM+k] d`ik.k fy;k] blds foijhr mUgksaus dgk ;g fot; rks cfynkuh vkSj dPNk vFkkZr~ ;ks¼k dk os'k (iap ddkj) dh ijEijk flD[kksa dh d`ik ls izkIr dh gS] vU;Fkk esjs tSls vusdksa py iM+hA flD[k lekt dk vkt dk ckgjh :i ;gha ls xjhc bl lalkj esa iM+s gSA izkjEHk gqvk gSA lc tkfr;ksa ds yksx ftUgksaus xq: xksfoUn ,sls iq#"k dk thou izR;sd Hkkjrh; dks] pkgs og flag th ls ve`r Ndk] muds f'k"; (flD[k) vius uke Hkkjr esa jgrk gS vFkok Hkkjr ds ckgj vU; fdlh ns'k ds lkFk flag fy[kus yxsA esa] ckjEckj Lej.k djuk pkfg,A mudk thou lHkh dks xq: xksfoUn flag th us ?kks"k.kk dh fd tc esjk izsj.kk nsxkA ,sls egkiq#"k ds pj.kksa esa eSa ckjEckj eLrd ,d&,d [kkylk ohj ;ks¼k lok&lok yk[k lSfudksa ls ueu djrk gw¡A yM+sxk rHkh xq: xksfoUn flag uke lkFkZd gksxkA lekt ds fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn Hkkjr ds dk;ZdrkZvksa us ;s ladYi vUnj O;kIr Hk; dks phjdj iq#"kkFkZ dk tkxj.k djus tks fy;k gS fd ge gj ftys esa xq# xksfoUn flag th egkjkt dk;Z vR;kpkjh vkSjaxtsc ds dky esa egkjk"Vª esa N=kifr ij ,d dk;ZØe djsaxs vkSj mudk thou lekt dks f'kokth egkjkt us fd;k gS] ogha dk;Z mÙkj Hkkjr eas xq: crk;saxsA ge lc n'ke~ xq: xksfoUn flag th egkjkt ds xksfoUn flag th egkjkt ds }kjk gqvk gSA izfr viuh J¼k O;Dr djrs gSaA lkjs Hkkjr o"kZ dks Hkh] xq: xksfoUn flag th ds pkj iq=k FksA bLyke ds lkjs lalkj esa iQSys gq, Hkkjrh;ksa dks xq: xksfoUn flag th vR;kpkjksa ds fo#¼ ;q¼ dk dky FkkA pkjksa iq=k firk ls egkjkt ds bl thou dks i<+kuk pkfg,] euu djuk vyx gks x;s] nks iq=k ljfgan ds fdys dh nhokj esa pkfg, vkSj viuh larkuksa dks Hkh i<+us dh izsj.kk nsuh bLykfed vR;kpkjh lÙkk us fpuok fn;sA vU; nks HkkbZ pkfg,A bruk gh lc cU/qvksa ls esjk fuosnu gSA pedkSj ds nqxZ esa yM+rs gq, ekjs x;sA xq: xksfoUn flag pEirjk; th egkjkt dks tc lekpkj feyk fd pkjksa iq=k /eZ dh egkea=kh&fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn j{kk ds fy, cfynku gks x;s] rc xq: xksfoUn flag th ladV ekspu vkJe] guqeku eafnj] egkjkt jks;s ugha] nq%[k izdV ugha fd;k] vfirq cksys fd lsDVj&6] jked`".kiqje] ubZ fnYyh&110022 pkj iq=k pys x;s rks D;k gqvk esjs gtkjksa iq=k vHkh ftUnk gSA dkSu gS ;s gtkjksa csVs \ ;s gtkjksa iq=k gaS 'ks"k lEiw.kZ phuh mRiknu esa egkjk"Vª dks ihNs NksM+ ;wih uacj ou fgUnw lektA mÙkj izns'k esa bl lky fjdkWMZ 'kqxj izkWMD'ku gqvk gSA blds lkFk gh jkT; ns'k esa 'kqxj mRiknu ds ekeys esa nwljs uacj dh viuh ikjaifjd bl izdkj lkjs lekt dks viuk iq=k ekudj vkpj.k iksft'ku ls Åij mBdj igys uacj ij vk x;k gSA ns'k esa lcls T;knk 'kqxj djus okyk] iq=kksa ds cfynku ij nq%[k izdV u djus mRiknu esa egkjk"Vª igys uacj ij vc rd jgrk Fkk] ysfdu lw[ks ds pyrs okyk] vius firk dks Hkh /eZ dh j{kk ds fy, cfynku egkjk"Vª bl ckj nwljs uacj ij vk x;k gSA mÙkj izns'k 'kqxj feYl dh izsj.kk nsus okyk] fd'kksj voLFkk ls gh LokfHkekuh ,lksfl,'ku ds lsØsVjh nhid xqIrk us dgk fd 21 vizSy dks 86 yk[k Vu ,sfrgkfld iq#"k bl Hkkjr dh èkjrh ij tUek] mUgksaus ek¡ ds lkFk geus jkT; esa vc rd dk lcls T;knk izkWMD'ku fd;k gSA 6 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 ohj lkojdj us cuk;k ifrr ikou eafnj nfyr oxZ ds e?; dk;Z djus dk ohj lkojdj dks volj x, vkSj lkekU; tyiku gqvkA muds jRukfxjh izokl ds le; feykA 8 tuojh dks 1924 lu~ 1934 esa ekyou esa vNwr cLrh esa pk;iku] Hktu lkojdj th jRukfxjh esa izfo"V gq, rks mUgksaus ?kks"k.kk dh fd dhrZu] vNwrksa dks ;Kksiohr xzg.k] fon~;ky; esa leLr tkfr os jRukfxjh esa nh?kZdky rd vkokl djus vk, gSa vkSj ds cPpksa dks fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds cSBkuk] lgHkkst vkfn gq,A NqvkNwr lekIr djus dk vkUnksyu pykus okys gSaA mUgksaus lu~ 1937 esa jRukfxjh ls tkrs le; lkojdj th ds fonkbZ mifLFkr lTtuksa ls dgk fd vNwr egkj tkfr ds cUèkqvksa dks lekjksg esa leLr Hkkstu vNwrksa }kjk cuk;k x;k ftls lHkh vius lkFk cSy xkM+h esa cSBk;k tk,A ml le; fdlh Hkh 'kqnz lo.kkZa&vNwrksa us ,d lkFk xzg.k fd;k FkkA dks lo.kZ ds ?kj esa izos'k rd fu"ks/ FkkA uxj ikfydk ds Hkaxh ,d ckj f'kjxk¡o esa ,d pekj ds ?kj ij Jh lR; ukjk;.k dks ukfj;y dh ujsVh esa pk; Mkyh tkrh FkhA fdlh Hkh 'kwnz iwtk Fkh ftlesa lkojdj th dks vkeaf=kr fd; x;k FkkA dks uxj dh lhek esa /ksrh ds LFkku ij vaxksNk iguus dh gh lkojdj th us ns[kk fd pekj egksn; us fdlh Hkh egkj dks vuqefr FkhA jkLrs esa egkj dh Nk;k iM+ tkus ij v'kkSp dh vkeaf=kr ugha fd;k FkkA mUgksaus rRdky mlls dgk fd vki ge iqdkj ep tkrh FkhA dqN yksx egkj ds LFkku ij cgkj cksyrs czkg~e.kksa ds vius ?kj esa vkus ij izlUu gksrs gSa ij eSa vkidk Fks tSls fd egkj dksbZ xkyh gksA ;fn jkLrs esa egkj dh Nk;k vkea=k.k rHkh Lohdkj d:¡xk tc vki egkj tkfr ds lnL;ksa iM+ tkrh Fkh rks czkg~e.k yksx nksckjk Luku djrs FksA U;k;ky; dks Hkh vkeaf=kr djsaxsA muds dgus ij pekj egksn; us vius esa lk{kh ds :i esa egkj dks dV?kjs esa [kM+s gksus dh vuqefr ?kj egkj tkfr okyksa dks vkeaf=kr fd;k FkkA u FkhA lu~ 1928 esa f'koHkkaxh esa foV~By eafnj esa vNwrksa ds blds fy, lkojdj th us nfyr cfLr;ksa esa tkus dk] eafnjksa esa izos'k djus ij lkojdj th dk Hkk"k.k gqvkA lu~ lkekftd dk;ksZa ds lkFk&lkFk /kfeZd dk;ksZa esa Hkh nfyrksa ds 1930 esa ifrrikou eafnj eas f'kow Hkaxh ds eq[k ls xk;=kh ea=k Hkkx ysus dk vkSj lo.kZ ,oa nfyr nksuksa ds fy, ifrr ds mPpkj.k ds lkFk gh x.ks'kth dh ewfrZ ij iq"ikatfy vfiZr ikou eafnj dh LFkkiuk dk fu'p; fy;k x;kA ftlls dh xbZA lHkh ,d LFkku ij lkFk&lkFk iwtk dj lds vkSj nksuksa ds eè; lu~ esa ifrrikou eafnj dk mn~?kkVu Lo;a 'kadjkpk;Z nwfj;ksa dks nwj fd;k tk ldsA 1931 Jh dqrZdksfV ds gkFkksZa ls gqvk ,oa ikn~;iwtk pekjusrk Jh jRukfxjh izokl ds 10&15 fnuksa ds ckn lkojdj th dks jktHkkst }kjk dh x;h FkhA ohj lkojdj us ?kks"k.kk dh bl eafnj ef<+;k esa guqeku th dh ewfrZ dh izk.k izfr"Bk dk fuea=k.k esa leLr fgUnqvksa dks iwtk dk vf/dkj gS vkSj iqtkjh in ij feykA ml eafnj ds nsoy iqtkjh ls lkojdj th us dgk fd xSj czkg~e.k dh fu;qfDr gksxhA izk.k izfr""Bk dk;ZØe esa nfyrksa dks Hkh vkeaf=kr fd;k tk;s] bl izdkj ds vusd mnkgj.k ohj lkojdj th ds thou ftl ij og igys rks u djrk jgk ij ckn esa eku x;kA Jh ls gesa feyrs gSaA ftlls nfyr m¼kj ds fo"k; esa muds fopkjksa eksjs'oj nkeys uked fd'kksj us lkojdj th ls iwNk fd vki dks] muds iz;klksa dks ge tku ikrs gSaA lkojdj th ds brus lk/kj.k euq"; ls O;FkZ bruh ppkZ D;ksa dj jgs Fks bl ij cgqvk;keh thou ds fofHkUu igyqvksa esa ls lkekftd lq/kjd lkojdj th us dgk fd lSadM+ksa ys[k ;k Hkk"k.kksa dh vis{kk ds :i esa ohj lkojdj dks Lej.k djus dk ewy mn~ns'; nfyr izR;{k :i esa fd, x, dk;ksZa dk ifj.kke vf/d gksrk gSA lekt dks fo'ks"k :i ls lans'k nsuk gSA vcdh guqeku t;arh ds fnu rqe Lo;a ns[k ysukA ohj lkojdj egku Økafrdkjh ';ke th Ñ".k oekZ th ds 29 ebZ 1929 dks jRukfxjh esa Jh lR; ukjk;.k dFkk dk Økafrdkjh fopkjksa ls yanu eas i<+rs gq, laidZ esa vk, FksA vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlesa lkojdj th us tkfrokn ds fo#¼ ';keth Ñ".k oekZ Lokeh n;kuUn ds f'k"; FksA Lokeh n;kuUn Hkk"k.k fn;k ftlls fd yksx izHkkfor gksdj viuh&viuh ds nfyrksa ds m¼kj djus :ih fparu dks ge Li"V :i ls ohj tkfrxr cSBd dks NksM+dj lHkh egkj&pekj ,df=kr gksdj cSB lkojdj ds fparu esa ns[krs gSaA 7 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 fojkV fgUnw laxe & fcgkj 'kk[kk fnukad 26 ekpZ 2017 (jfookj) dks LFkkuh; Hkkjrh; okys 13 O;fDr;ksa dks muds mRÑ"V ;ksxnku ds fy, u`R; dyk eafnj ds lHkkxkj esa fojkV fgUnqLrku laxe dh iz'kfLr i=k iznku fd;k x,A fcgkj 'kk[kk ds rÙoko/ku esa ^jke] jke eafnj ,oa fgUnw jk"Vªh; vè;{k MkW- lqczef.;e~ Lokeh us izkUrh; Lrj ds iqutkZxj.k* fo"k; ij tulHkk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA vusd inkf/dkfj;ksa ,oa fofHkUu ftyksa ds la;kstdksa dks Hkh lHkk dks eq[; vfrfFk vk/qfud Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds ukfer fd;kA eap lapkyu fojkV fgUnqLrku laxe dh fcgkj pk.kD;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds iwoZ dSfcusV ea=kh] Hkkjrh; izrhdksa 'kk[kk ds vè;{k izks- (MkW0) nsosUnz izlkn flag us fd;kA ds vf}rh; laj{kd] varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds fo}ku] vFkZ'kkL=kh] bl lHkk esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ds vusd fpardksa] cqf¼thfo;ksa] iz[;kr~ f'k{kkfon~ ,oa gkoZMZ fo'ofo|ky; (la;qDr jkT; lektlsfo;ksa] f'k{kkfonksa ds lkFk&lkFk lSdM+ksa dh la[;k esa vesfjdk) o vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- fnYyh ds yCèk izfrf"Br iwoZ ;qokvksa dh mifLFkfr jghA izksiQslj ekuuh; MkW- lqczef.;e~ Lokeh] lkaln (jkT;lHkk) &izks- MkW- nsosUnz izlkn flag us lacksf/r djrs gq, dgk fd vxj vke lgefr ls vè;{k] fojkV fgUnqLrku laxe] fcgkj 'kk[kk v;ksè;k esa jke eafnj dk fuekZ.k laHko ugha gks ldk] rks 2018 esa jkT;lHkk esa Hkktik dk cgqer gks tkus ij dkuwu xk; dk ^tsj* [ksrksa esa Mkyus ls mRiknu c<+k cukdj v;ksè;k esa HkO; jke eafnj dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xkA tSfod [ksrh ds rgr ftys ds dqN fdlkuksa us u;k fof'k"V vfrfFk ds :i esa ekuuh; vkj-ds-flUgk] iz;ksx fd;k gSA xk; C;kus (cPpk nsus) ds nkSjku fudyus lkaln (jkT;lHkk) us dgk fd v;ksè;k ds jke eafnj okys rjy inkFkZ tsj (,E;wusfVd ÝY;wM) dks os iQlyksa fuekZ.k esa rks vc dksbZ cM+k vM+pu ugha jg x;k gSA vc ij iks"kd ds :i esa fNM+d jgs gSaA mudk nkok gS fd dk'kh vkSj eFkqjk ds eafnjksa dk m¼kj gekjk mn~ns'; gSA blls mRiknu c<+us ds lkFk gh jklk;fud dhVuk'kd dk iz[;kr jktuhfrK o fopkjd ekuuh; ds-,u-xksfoUnkpk;Z [kpZ rks ?kVk gh gS] fepZ dh iQly ds ok;jl dk vlj us dgk fd jke eafnj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; xkSjo ,oa jk"Vªh; Hkh de gqvk gSA ;|fi fo'ks"kKksa dk dguk gS fd bl vfLerk dk loky gS] vr,o bldk fuekZ.k rks gksuk gh laca/ esa vc rd oSKkfud vuqla/ku ugha gqvk gSA pkfg, vkSj ,slk yxrk gS fd og lqvolj vc nwj ugha gSA i'kqikyu foLrkj vf/dkjh MkW- ,p-lh-iVsy us crk;k lHkk dh vè;{krk djrs gq, iz[;kr Økafrnwr o jk"Vªh; fd xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku xk; ;k HkSal ds isV esa nks FkSfy;k¡ Lrj ds i=kdkj ekuuh; jke cgknqj jk; us dgk fd fgUnw gksrh gSaA ,d esa cPpk vkSj nwljs esa ,E;wusfVd ÝywM iqutkZxj.k le; dh lokZf/d egÙoiw.kZ vko';drk gSA (tsj) gksrk gSA ;g xHkZ esa iy jgs cPps dks iks"k.k iznku v;ksè;k esa HkO; jke eafnj dk fuekZ.k bldh izFke dM+h gSA djrk gSA izlwfr ds nkSjku gh ,E;wusfVd ÝywM dh FkSyh ofj"B jktuhfrd fpard ekuuh; fnus'k pUnz R;kxh Hkh ckgj vkrh gSA blls ,d ckj esa 1 ls 2 yhVj rd (jk"Vªh; egkea=kh] lkaLÑfrd xkSjo laLFkku_ iwoZ jk"Vªh; tsj fudyrk gSA bls igys Vc esa bdV~Bk djrs gSa vkSj vè;{k] fgUnw egklHkk] ubZ fnYyh) us mDr volj ij ckn esa dsu esa Hkjdj lajf{kr dj ysrs gSaA dgk fd Hkkjr ds lkjs gh fuokfl;ksa dk Mh-,u-,- pw¡fd bl rjg mi;ksx % xzke jtqj ds Ñ"kd jkepUnz us ,d gh gS] vr,o os lc fgUnw gSa] vr% ge lHkh dks crk;k fd 250 feyhyhVj tsj dks 15 yhVj ikuh esa feydj HkO; jke eafnj fuekZ.k djuk pkfg,A ?kksydj iQlyksa ij 8 fnu ds varjky esa fNM+dko djrs lHkk dks fojkV fgUnqLrku laxe ds jk"Vªh; egkea=kh izks- gSaA os fiNys rhu lky ls tsj dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSa] MkW- vjfoUn prqosZnh (izksiQslj ,oa Mhu] vkbZ-,e-vkbZ-] blls fepZ dk mRiknu c<+k gSA eksBkiqjk ds Ñ"kd fnus'k ubZ fnYyh) ,oa Jh vk'khokZnu vkpk;Z (jk"Vªh; egkea=kh] ikVhnkj dk Hkh nkok gS fd fepZ o dikl dh iQly esa fojkV fgUnqLrku laxe) us Hkh lacksf/r fd;kA tsj ds mi;ksx ls mRiknu c<+kA jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx de bl dk;ZØe esa lekt ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa dk;Z djus gksus ls cpr gqbZA 8 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 lSfudksa ds thoar nLrkost laLej.kkRed iqLrd *'kkS;Z xkFkk,¡* esa vius ?kj&ifjokj] R;kx] cfynku] ijkØe vkSj ohjrk dh xkFkk,¡ Hkjh iM+h lq[k&lqfo/kvksa vkSj tku dh frykatfy nsdj ekr`Hkwfe dh gSaA ^lka>k fj'rk* esa ykal uk;d jes'k [ktqfj;k ('kkS;Z j{kk djus okys gekjs tkckat lSfudksa dh lPph eeZLi'khZ pØ) ds cfynku vkSj 'kkS;Z ds lkFk muds ikfjokfjd vkSj izsjd dgkfu;k¡ gSa--- viuRo dk Hkh izHkkoh o.kZu fd;k gSA og 'kgj dks 'kf'k ik/k dh ;g iqLrd muds thou ds laLej.k gh vkradokfn;ksa ls cpkus ds vfHk;ku esa 'kghn gks x, FksA ugha gSa] cfYd bfrgkl ds thfor nLrkost gSaA iqLrd dh ^ijaijk* csgn ekfeZd laLej.k gSA ;q¼ esa dsoy lSfudksa ysf[kdk Lo;a ,d lsukuh dh iRuh] ek¡ vkSj cgw jgh gSaA dh tku gh ugha tkrh] cfYd cgqr ls lSfud ?kk;y Hkh mUgksaus lSfudksa dk thou csgn djhc ls ns[kk gSa mUgksaus gksrs gSaA mudh 'kkjhfjd vkSj fiQj ekufld {kfr dks os gh lSfudksa dks vius ifjokj ls nwj] muds lq[k&nq%[k esa ugha] muds ifjokj okys Hkh lgu djrs gSaA mlh ds lkFk g¡lrs&jksrs Hkh ns[kk gS vkSj lc dqN Hkqykdj viuk drZO; mUgsa viuk ckdh thou Hkh fcrkuk gksrk gSA ,d xaHkhj fuHkkrs Hkh ns[kk gSA ysf[kdk tkurh gSa fd os lSfud] ftUgsa :i ls ?kk;y lSfud txiky flag (dhfrZ pØ) dh ge vkSj vki ,d ltx vkSj tku ij [ksy tkus okys voLFkk] eu%fLFkfr vkSj mldh iRuh dh voLFkk dk mRlkgh toku ds :i esa ns[krs gSa] os Hkh ,d balku gSa ekfeZd fp=k.k gS bl laLej.k esaA vkSj ,d vke thou ds lq[k&nq%[k vkSj [kqf'k;ksa esa os Hkh ^,d vkSj vfHkeU;q* (dSIVu lq'khy [ktqfj;k] dhfrZ ,sls gh O;ogkj djrs gSa] tSls dksbZ vke ukxfjd djrk pØ) xkFkk gS ml tk¡ckt lSfud dh] ftlds ifjokj esa gSa mlds cM+s HkkbZ vkSj firk Hkh iQkSt esa Fks vkSj ekrk&firk ladyu ds igys laLej.k ^lar flikgh* esa tgk¡ ,d ds vkxzg ds ckotwn mlus Hkh iQkSt esa tkus dh gh ftn dSIVu tljksfV;k (v'kksd pØ) Hkkjrh; lsuk ds lsukè;{k dhA bl xkFkk esa ,d ifjokj ds ns'k ds izfr leiZ.k vkSj ds phiQ flD;ksfjVh vkWfiQlj tSls egRoiw.kZ in feyus ds cfynku ds lkFk ,d vkSj iz'u mHkj dj vkrk gS fd ns'k ckn Hkh dgrs gSa fdog vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk lhek ij us muds fy, D;k fd;k\ py jgs vfHk;ku esa fgLlk ysuk pkgrs gSa vkSj fourh tc ysf[kdk iz'u djrh gS fd D;k jkT; ljdkj us djrs gSa fd lsukè;{k dh lqj{kk ds fy, fdlh vkSj dk lSfud dh Le`fr esa dqN fd;k] rks fujk'k firk tokc nsrs uke izsf"kr dj fn;k tk,A nks lky dh 'kkafriwoZ ukSdjh dks gSa] ^phiQ fefuLVj dk iQksu rd ugha vk;kA ,sls esa ;s Bksdj ekjdj dSIVu v#.k lhek ij tkdj felky dk;e [;ky vkrk gS fd D;ksa\ fdlds fy,\* ,d lSfud djrs gSa fd ,d lSfud ds fy, ns'k j{kk ls cM+k dksbZ ifjokj esa bl rjg dk [;ky vkuk ml ns'k vkSj mlds drZO; ugha gSA ukxfjdksa ds fy, lcls vf/d 'keZ vkSj fujk'kk dh ckr ysf[kdk ds ;s laLej.k lSfudksa ds vanj dh ekuoh; gks ldrh gS] ijUrq ml ifjokj ds yksxksa esa ns'k ds izfr laosnukvksa dks Hkh mtkxj djrs gSaA lSfudksa ds ifjokj drZO; esa dgha dksbZ dksrkgh ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rhA laxzg esa vius firk] csVs] HkkbZ] ifr dks [kks nsrs gSa] mldk xgu lSfudksa ds ;q¼ {ks=k ls vyx O;fDrxr thou esa O;ogkj nq%[k ;k mudh 'kkjhfjd] ekufld {kfr esa mudh lsok vkSj R;kx dh dgkfu;k¡ Hkh gSaA ^'kk'or xkFkk* ds uk;d djrs gq, vdsys iM+dj Hkh ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkoukvksa ls Hkjs estj lq/hj dqekj okfy;k ;q¼ {ks=k esa ugha] cfYd NqV~Vh jgrs gSaA bu laLej.kksa ds vf/dka'k uk;dksa vkSj ik=kksa dks ij tkrs gq, ,d ukxfjd dks cpkus esa cqjh rjg t[eh ysf[kdk O;fDrxr :i ls tkurh FkhaA mUgksaus buds ifjokjksa gq,A ls laidZ fd;k] muls feyha] ckrphr dh vkSj muds nq%[k 'kkS;Z xkFkkvksa ds lkFk lSfudksa ds ifjokj ij muds esa ,d ikfjokfjd lnL; dh rjg 'kkfey gksdj muds 'kghn gksus ds ckn vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa vkSj lkekftd nnZ dks csgn laosnu'khyrk ls O;Dr fd;k gSA ^'kkS;Z izFkkvksa dk dSls izHkko iM+rk gS] bldh Hkh ysf[kdk us xkFkk,¡* esa 17 vè;k; gSa] ftuesa Hkkjrh; lsuk ds ohjksa ds cgqr lw{e iM+rky dh gSA ^izFkk dqizFkk* esa ,d lSfud 9 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 dh fo/ok dks pknj Mkyus dh izFkk ds rgr fdlh vkSj djrs jgs gSa] mlds lkFk [kjcksa #i;ksa dk Hkkjr dk O;kikj ds lkFk fookg djus ds fy, ckè; fd;s tkus ij dSls Hkh gS ysfdu Hkkjr ds iwoZ iz/kueaf=k;ksa dks ;g ugha lw>k og iRuh mldk fojks/ djrh gS vkSj Lokoyach curh gS] fd bl egRoiw.kZ ns'k ds lkFk Hkkjr dh lkefjd Hkkxhnkjh bldk o.kZu djrs gq, ysf[kdk lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ds [kM+h dh tk ldrh gSA okLro esa bu ns'kksa dks ns[kdj izfr ,d L=kh dh yM+kbZ dh O;k[;k Hkh djrh gSA ;gh yxrk gS] tSlk fd ;s Hkkjr gh gSA ;s jk"Vª uke ds ^fot; Lekfjdk* laLej.k estj eksfgr 'kekZ (v'kksd fy, bLykeh gSa ysfdu buesa if'pe ds izxr jk"Vªksa dk pØ) ds cfynku vkSj mudh iRuh estj fj'ek ds lkgl [kqykiu gSA ;s gSa] jktrkaf=kd ysfdu buesa yksdrkaf=kd dh ohj xkFkk gSA fj'ek dk lekjksg esa j[kh VªkWiQh dks Li'kZ lqfo/k,¡ izpqj ek=kk esa miyC/ gSaA ladh.kZrk vkSj lkaiznkf;drk djuk fdlh dk Hkh eu fHkxks ldrk gSA ^'kk;n dHkh* esa uke ek=k Hkh ugha gSA ;qojkt eqgEen ds pkpk 'ks[k 3 fnlEcj 1971 dks gq, ;q¼ ds dkj.k dSIVu efyd ukg~;ku eqckjd esjs ije fe=k gSaA muds fuea=k.k ij eSa viuh uofookfgrk iRuh ls Hkh ugha fey lds vkSj os 4 ntZuksa ckj vcw /kch vkSj nqcbZ tk pqdk g¡wA os Hkkjrh;ksa fnlEcj dks gh 'kghn gks x,A ^fonkbZ* esa ,d iRuh ds esa lokZf/d yksdfiz; gSaA mUgksaus dbZ eafnjksa vkSj xq#}kjksa la?k"kZ dh dgkuh gSA ^rksykyksax ds j.k?kks"k* estj vt; dks cukus esa enn dh vkSj [kqn vkdj mudk mn~?kkVu tljksfV;k ds vkradokfn;ksa ls la?k"kZ esa cfynku dh fd;k gSA os Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØe esa vDlj fo'ks"k 'kkS;ZxkFkk gSA vafre laLej.k ^,d unh] ,d iqy* esa ;q¼ vfrfFk gksrs gSaA vVy th ds tekus esa esjs dgus ij os dh foHkhf"kdk vkSj mldh vko';drk ij fopkj fd;k eè; izns'k esa 70 gtkj djksM+ dk fuLokFkZ fuos'k djuk x;k gSA lhek ij lqj{kk ds fy, lsuk dh vko';drk gS] pkgrs Fks ysfdu gekjs viQljksa dh fj'or[kksjh ds dkj.k ijUrq bu lcesa ns'k ds vkarfjd vuq'kklu dh Hkh og fuos'k ugha gks ldkA 2015 esa eksnh tc vcw/kch x, vk';drk gSA bl laxzg esa lsuk ds fu;e] dkuwu vkSj rks 75 fcfy;u MkWyj ds fuos'k dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZ ysfdu rjhdksa ij Hkh ysf[kdk izdk'k Mkyrh pyrh gSA 'kf'k ikèk vHkh rd og ekeyk Hkh ukSdj'kkgh dh [kw¡Vh ij gh ds ;s laLej.k Ldwyksa esa ikB~;Øe esa i<+k, tkus pkfg,¡ yVdk gqvk gSA ;w,bZ ds jk"Vª vc rsy vkSj xSl ds rkfd gekjs Hkkoh ukxfjdksa dks irk py lds fd ftu vykok ubZ rduhdksa esa Hkh iSlk yxkuk pkgrs gSaA mUgsa ns'kHkfDr ds xhrksa dks os cM+s tks'k ds lkFk Ldwy esa xkrs Hkkjr lc ls Bhd txg yxrh gSA vHkh&vHkh da/kj esa gSa] mUgsa ljgn ij thus okys Hkh gekjs tSls gh yksx gksrs vcw /kch ds ik¡p dwVuhfrKksa dh gR;k gks xbZ gSA igys gSaA rkfycku ls vcw/kch ds laca/ e/qj jgs gSa ysfdu vc og vkradokn ds fcYdqy f[kykiQ gks x;k gSA mlus gekjh fons'k uhfr dk u;k vk;ke& Hkkjr&fojks/h vkraafd;ksa dks fudky ckgj djuk 'kq: dj MkW- osn izrki oSfnd fn;k gSA ;g Bhd gS fd [kkM+h ds ns'kksa ls ikfdLrku ds [kkM+h ds ns'k la;qDr vjc vehjkr (;w-,-bZ-) ds laca/ gSa ysfdu vc bu laca/ksa esa ifjorZu vk,xk] ;qojkt 'ks[k eqgEen fcu tk;n vy ukg~;ku bl o"kZ D;ksafd mlds izfr vesfjdh joS;k Hkh cny jgk gS vkSj gekjs x.kra=k fnol ds fo'ks"k esgeku jgsA ;g lEeku dqN ;ksa Hkh vkfFkZd n`f"V ls ikfdLrku ds ctk; Hkkjr ls o"kZ igys lmnh vjc ds ckn'kkg dks Hkh fey pqdk gS laca/ ?kfu"B cukuk [kkM+h ds ns'kksa ds fy, T;knk iQk;nsean ysfdu ,slk yxrk gS fd vcw/kch vkSj nqcbZ ds bl lkr gSA ;qojkt ukg~;ku dh ;g Hkkjr&;k=kk [kkM+h ns'kksa vkSj jk"Vªksa okys la?k jkT; ds lkFk Hkkjr ds laca/ ml Lrj rd Hkkjr] nksuksa ds fy, ,sfrgkfld fl¼ gksxhA dqN o"kZ igys vkxs c<+us okys gSa] ftl Lrj rd vius iM+kslh ns'kksa ds eSaus [kkM+h ds 'ks[kksa ls dgk Fkk fd vkids ns'kksa dks nf{k.k lkFk gSaA bldk Js; iz/kuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh dks feysxkA ;w- ,f'k;kbZ egkla?k esa 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,A 'kk;n esjk og ,-bZ- esa rks Hkkjr ds yk[kksa yksx igys ls jgrs gSa vkSj dke liuk vc lkdkj gksus dh jkg ij py iM+k gSA 10 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 jketUeHkwfe izdj.k%n'kdksa ds bl la?k"kZ us vc rd ns[ks dbZ mrkj&p<+ko --- 1853 % fgUnqvksa dk vkjksi fd Hkxoku jke ds eafnj dks us xqtjkr ds lkseukFk ls mÙkj izns'k ds v;ksè;k rd jFk;k=kk rksM+ dj efLtn dk fuekZ.k gqvkA fudkyhA 1859 % fczfV'k ljdkj us rkjksa dh cSjhdsfMax djds vDVwcj 1991 % dY;k.k flag ljdkj us fookfnr ifjlj fookfnr Hkwfe ds vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh ifjlj esa eqfLyeksa vkSj ds vkl&ikl dh 66-77 ,dM+ Hkwfe dks vius vf/dkj esa ys fgUnqvksa dks vyx&vyx izkFkZukvksa dh btktr ns nhA fy;kA 1885 % ekeyk igyh ckj vnkyr esa igq¡pkA egar 30 vDVwcj ,oa 2 uoEcj 1990 % dkjlsok ds nkSjku j?kqojnkl us iQStkckn vnkyr esa fookfnr 11 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 /U; gSa ,sls Hkkjrh; tks nqfu;kHkj esa eku c<+k jgs gSa Hkkjr dk vkt nqfu;k esa nks ckrksa dk opZLo gSA ,d foKku vesfjdk ds fodkl dk fot; jFk xqtjrk gSA flfydkWu vkSj nwljh jktuhfrA Hkkjr ds ;qok vkt foKku ds {ks=k esa oSyh dk gj vkBok¡ lkbafVLV Hkkjrh; gSA vesfjdk ds vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA varfj{k foKku fo'o esa fdlh Ng /uh O;fDr;ksa esa ,d Hkkjrh; gSA ;gk¡ jgus okys 70 ns'k ds foKkfu;ksa dh dlkSVh cu x;k gSA Hkkjrh; varfj{k izfr'kr ls T;knk Hkkjrh; vPNs i<+s fy[k rks gSa gh vesfjdk vuqla/ku dsUnz bljks dh dhfrZxkFkk fdlh ls fNih ugha dh xzksFk esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA vesfjdh daifu;ksa esa jg x;hA pUnzek] eaxy rd ;ku Hkstus dh ckrsa loZKkr 'kh"kZ inksa ij fdlh nwljs ns'k ds yksxksa dh fxurh dh tk; gSaA vc rd 20 ns'kksa ds mixzgksa dks vius jkWdsVksa ls rks ;s lokZf/d gSaA vesfjdk dh ekbØks lkWÝV daiuh ds varfj{k dh d{kkvksa esa Hkstus dk jsdkMZ Hkkjrh; foKkfu;ksa lR;k uMsykA ,Mksc flLVEl ds 'kkaruq ukjk;.k] isIlh dkWiZ ds uke gSA bljks esa gh ugha vesfjdk dh varfj{k ,tsalh dh bafnjk uwbZ] xwxy ds lqanj fipbZ dks dkSu ugha tkurkA uklk esa Hkkjrh; foKkfu;ksa dk ncnck gSA vesfjdk dh vesfjdk ds tkus&ekus miU;kldkj gSa >qaik ykfgM+hA ij og flfydkWu oSyh daI;wVj lkbal dk fo'o esa lcls cM+k gSa Hkkjrh; ewy dsA xtc ds ys[kd gSaA ys[ku ds {ks=k esa dsUnz gSA ;gk¡ ds 42 izfr'kr daI;wVj lkbafVLV Hkkjrh; gSaA Hkh vesfjdk esa cls vusd Hkkjrh;ksa ds uke vkt nqfu;k nqfu;k ds N% ns'k ,sls gSa ftUgksaus fiNys pkj lkyksa ds fxukrh gSA Hkkjrh; loZ=k eku ik jgs gSa D;ksafd mUgksaus Hkhrj vius dkuwuksa esssa cnyko djds vius ns'kksa esa fLFkr Hkkjrh;rk ugha NksM+hA lc dqN ;k cgqr dqN djds Hkh eSaus foKku ds fofHkUu cM+s dsUnzksa esa Hkkjrh; foKkfu;ksa dks D;k fd;kA ,slh eukso`fÙk Hkkjr dh nsu gSA ;gh rks gS izos'k fn;k gSA buesa teZuh] phu vkSj tkiku tSls ns'k Hkh Hkkjrh;rkA blhfy, rks vesfjdk ds fuorZeku jk"Vªifr 'kkfey gSaA igys ;s ns'k Hkkjrh; foKkfu;ksa dks gh ugha cjkd vksckek us dgk gS fd tYnh gh dksbZ egku Hkkjrh; bathfu;jksa vkSj MkWDVjksa dks Hkh vuqefr ugha nsrs FksA fczVsu O;fDr vesfjdk dk jk"Vªifr cusxkA vesfjdh laln esa bl dk fpfdRlk ra=k 12 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 vFkZ Ms & 22 vizSy LokLF; ds ik¡p rRo cgqr vf/d LoPNrk o gkbthu dk [kqekj gesa vkSj can gksuk vkfnA izÑfr ls nwj ys tk jgk gSA blds urhts Hkh lkeus gSaA de vkdk'k % ;g mu rRoksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, t:jh gS mez esa thou'kSyh ls tqM+s jksxksa ls ijs'kku vk pqds yksx tks gYdh vkSj l?ku izÑfr ds gksrs gSaA ;g nks vaxksa dks ,d ckj fiQj izÑfr dh vksj ykSV jgs gSaA izkÑfrd ,d nwljs ls vyx djrk gS vkSj muds chp [kkyh LFkku fpfdRlk] xzhu Fksjsih vkfn ds :i esa ,d cM+k cktkj Hkh dk fuekZ.k djrk gS] tSls jDr ufydk,¡] ekalisf'k;k¡] VsaMu cu x;k gSA izkÑfrd rRoksa ls tqM+dj dSls j[ksa vius ru vkSj eqyk;e ÅÙkdA vkSj eu dks LoLFk] crk jgh gSa &'kehe [kku ftruk ge vk/qfud thou th jgs gSa] mruk gh feV~Vh ekuo 'kjhj ik¡p rRoksa ls cuk gksrk gS_ feV~Vh] ikuh] ls nwj gksrs tk jgs gSaA [kklrkSj ij cM+s 'kgjksa esa cPpksa dks vfXu] ok;q vkSj vkdk'kA bUgsa iap egkHkwr ;k iar rRo /wy&feV~Vh ls cpkus ds fy, mUgsa ckgj [ksyus ugha fn;k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;s lHkh rRo 'kjhj ds lkr izeq[k pØksa tkrkA ekrk&firk jksxksa dk gokyk nsrs gq, cPpksa dks feV~Vh vkSj ik¡p rRokssa dk larqyu gh gekjs ru o eu dks LoLFk esa [ksyus ls euk dj nsrs gSaA tcfd lp ;g gS fd feV~Vh j[krk gSA bu ik¡p rRoksa dk mYys[k gekjs osnksa esa rks gS gesa chekj ugha cukrh] cfYd dbZ jksxksa ls nwj j[kus esa gh] if'peh fo}kuksa us Hkh lsgr ds fy, budh Hkwfedk lgk;rk djrh gSA iznw"k.k jfgr feV~Vh esa dqN cSDVhfj;k dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA tSls ekbØkscSDVhfj;e oSDdbZ vkSj ySDVkscSflyl cqyxkfjdl ik¡poh lnh ds egku xzhd fpfdRld fgIiksØsV~l us vkfn gksrs gSa] tks gekjs bE;wu ra=k] efLr"d dh dk;Z dgk Fkk fd fdlh O;fDr dh lsgr 'kjhj ds pkj nzoksa ds iz.kkyh vkSj ewM ij vPNk vlj Mkyrs gSaA larqyu ij fuHkZj djrh gS] tks izkÑfrd rRoksa ok;q] ty] vius ?kj esa NksVk&lk cxhpk ;k dhpu xkMZu] Vsjsl vfXu vkSj i`Foh ds vuq:i gksrs gSaA xkMZu cukuk ;k buMksj IykaV~l yxkuk] izÑfr ds djhc ik¡p rRoksa dk larqyu gS t:jh yk ldrk gSA blls feV~Vh ds laidZ esa jgsaxs vkSj 'kq¼ gok fdlh ,d rRo ij ugha] ik¡pksa rRoksa esa larqyu Hkh feysxhA cukdj gh vki vPNh lsgr ik ldrs gSaA izÑfr ds ;s eM ckFk % eM ;kuh feV~Vh ,d izkÑfrd rRo gS tks ik¡p rRo gekjs 'kjhj ds fuekZ.k esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk lsgr ij vPNk vlj Mkyrh gSA ;g 'kjhj dks vkjke fuHkkrs gSaA nsrh gS] BaMd igq¡pkrh gSA yacs le; rd ueh dks jksddj feV~Vh % i`Foh ;k feV~Vh] gekjs 'kjhj ds mu vaxksa ds j[k ldrh gSA xfeZ;ksa esa Ropk laca/h dbZ leL;k,¡ gks fuekZ.k ls tqM+h gS tks dBksj vkSj Hkkjh gSaA tSls gfM~M;ka¡ tkrh gSa] ftuesa eM Fksjsih cgqr dkjxj gSA blls Ropk ls nk¡r] ek¡l] Ropk] cky] vkfn tqM+h leL;k,¡ ugha gksrha vkSj Ropk dks rktxh vkSj iks"k.k vfXu % vfXu mu vaxksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vko';d Hkh feyrk gSA isV dh leL;kvksa esa Hkh dbZ rjg dh gS] tks xeZ vkSj rhoz izÑfr ds gSaA n`f"V] utj] 'kjhj dh feV~Vh dk ysi fd;k tkrk gSA vki pkgsa rks ?kj esa Hkh eM Å"ek] rkieku] jax] ped vkSj Øks/] lkgl vkfnA ckFk ys ldrs gSaA vk;qosZfnd LVksj ls vkidks dkyh ty % ;g rRo mu vaxksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, t:jh feV~Vh] eqYrkuh feV~Vh ;k leqnzh feV~Vh fey tk,xhA gS tks rjy] eqyk;e] BaMs vkSj fpdus gksrs gSaA tSls fyEiQ] eM Fksjsih ds ykHk % feV~Vh ,d izkÑfrd rRo gS] jDr] ekalisf'k;k¡] olk] diQ] fiÙk] ew=k] lheu] ckWMh blesa dbZ /krq,¡ gksrh gSa] ftudk ekuo 'kjhj ij ldkjkRed ÝY;wM o thHk vkfnA izHkko iM+rk gSA feV~Vh dk ysi ekalisf'k;ksa dk ruko de ok;q % ;g mu rRoksa ds fuekZ.k esa t:jh gS ftudh djrk gSA blls jDr lapkj esa lq/kj gksrk gSA esVkckWfyT+e izÑfr lw[kh vkSj gYdh gksrh gSA ;g rRo 'kjhj dh xfr nq#Lr gksrk gS] ftldk ikpu&ra=k ij ldkjkRed izHkko vkSj ewoesaV~l ls Hkh tqM+k gSA tSls xfr] ukM+h] lHkh laosnh iM+rk gSA ikpu jksxksa esa vkjke vkrk gSA nnZ vkSj lwtu esa vkSj raf=kdk laca/h xfrfof/;k¡] 'olu] vk¡[kksa dk [kqyuk jkgr feyrh gSA blls ckyksa vkSj Ropk dks ueh feyrh 13 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 gSA eq¡gkls Bhd gksrs gSaA ty vfXu ty gekjs 'kjhj dk izeq[k jklk;fud rRo gSA gekjs vfXu dgsa ;k Å"ek rRo] gekjs 'kjhj dks dbZ dkeksa 'kjhj ds Hkkj dk 60 izfr'kr fgLlk blh ls cuk gSA 'kjhj ds fy, bldh t:jr gksrh gSA bldk izkÑfrd lzksr gS dk izR;sd flLVe blls tqM+k gSA dksf'kdkvksa rd iks"kd lw;ZA tks gkeksZu gekjh uhan izfØ;k dks fu;af=kr djrk gS] rRoksa dks igq¡pkuk] dku] ukd vkSj xys ds Årdksa dks ueh ml ij lw;Z ds izdk'k dk lh/k izHkko gksrk gSA dbZ okyk okrkoj.k miyC/ djkus dk dke ty rRo dk gh vè;;uksa esa ;g ckr lkeus vk;h gS fd fu;fer vk/s ?kaVs gSA 'kkjhfjd rkieku vkSj fØ;kvksa dks larqfyr j[kus ds xquxquh /wi lsaduk gekjs g`n;] jDr nkc] ekalisf'k;ksa dh lkFk&lkFk 'kjhj ls VkWfDlu dks ckgj fudkyus] 'kjhj dks 'kfDr] bE;wu ra=k dh dk;Z iz.kkyh vkSj dksysLVªkWy ds Lrj vkWDlhtu iznku djus esa bldh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh dks lkekU; cuk, j[kus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA gSA ysfdu xehZ esa T;knk rst /wi esa jgus ls fnekx esa è;ku ;g Hkh j[ksa fd ikuh dksbZ gsYFk VkWfud ugha gS vkWDlhtu dk Lrj izHkkfor gksrk gS] ftlls fljnnZ gksrk uk gh gj leL;k dk mipkj gSA cgqr vf/d ek=kk esa ysus gS vkSj pDdj vkus yxrs gSaA ls Hkh dbZ leL;k,¡ gks ldrh gSaA fdMuh ls tqM+h dbZ 'kjhj esa Å"ek dh ek=kk de gksus ls g`n; jksxksa] LVªksd] leL;kvksa esa de vkSj /hjs&/hjs ikuh ihus dh lykg nh tkrh gSA blh rjg lqcg mBdj ,d lkFk 14 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 bls ,DosfVd Fksjsih ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA blesa ok;q xeZ ikuh esa ,Dljlkbt dh tkrh gSA xeZ ikuh ds fo'ks"k gekjk 'kjhj dksf'kdkvksa ls cuk gksrk gS vkSj gok xq.kksa ds dkj.k dM+s vkSj iQwys gq, tksM+ksa dh ewoesaV esa (vkWDlhtu) ds fcuk dksf'kdk,¡ thfor ugha jg ikrhaA lqèkkj vkrk gS vkSj detksj ekalisf'k;k¡ etcwr gksrh gSaA 'kjhj ds lqpk: 15 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd leqnzrVh; uxj leqnz esa Mwc tk,¡xsA lzksr lw[k tk,xkA urhtru ekuo dks ekSleh ifjorZuksa LFkk;h ciQZ dh eksVh ijr de gks jgh gSA lfn;ksa ls elyu Xykscy okfeZax] vkstksu {kj.k] xzhu gkml izHkko] ciQZ ds etcwr pknj esa 16 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 dks dy Hkh [kq'kgky cu lds vkSj mUgsa ikuh dh gSa fd diM+s o crZu /ksus ds fy, lcls T;knk ikuh fdYyr ds chp rirh /jrh dk jks"k u lguk iM+sA bLrseky ugha cfYd osLV gksrk gSA nksuksa ds fy, gesa okVj ,EcslsMj cusa efgyk,¡ vkWxsZfud fMVtsZaV~l dk bLrseky djuk pkfg,A okW'k:e ;k LVsV dkmafly vkWiQ fjlpZ ,aM Vªsfuax dh LVsV dksvkWfMZusVj fdpu ls fudyus okyk ikuh varr% fdlh u fdlh rFkk fMIVh Mk;jsDVj (iatkc) MkW- Jqfr 'kqDyk dk dguk rkykc ;k unh esa igq¡prk gS vkSj /jrh ds okWVj ysoy dks gS fd bfrgkl xokg gS tc efgyk,¡ nwr ds :i esa fdlh nwf"kr djrk gSA tgka¡ rd laHko gks crZu o diM+s /ksus ds vkUnksyu ls tqM+rh gSa rks mlesa liQyrk t:j feyrh gSA fy, jklk;fud fMVtsZaV~l ds LFkku ij ikS/ksa ls rS;kj pkgs og isM+ksa dh j{kk ds fy, fpidks vkUnksyu gks ;k fMVtsZaV vkidh okWf'kax dks bZdks izQsaMyh cuk ldrs gSaA ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyuA lHkh esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk lcls vge ckr gS fd tc t:jr gks rHkh diM+s /ks,¡A vge jgh gSA efgyk,¡ pkgs dkedkth gksa ;k gkseesdj os dsoy ,d ckj igudj lkiQ diM+ksa dks Hkh /ksus dh viuh 'kfDr dks le>sa vkSj ty rFkk i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa vknr ls cpsaA crZu de ls de twBs djsa rkfd mUgsa èkksus xaHkhjrk ls viuk jksy vnk djsa rks cgqr tYn ge csgrj esa ikuh Hkh de yxs vkSj vkidh esgur Hkh cpsA fLFkfr esa gksaxsA D;ksafd muesa uSfrd ewY;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk tM+ksa ls tqM+ko t:jh gS opu c¼rk dh Hkkouk Hkh gksrh gS vkSj os vius drZO; [;kfr izkIr ckck cychj flag lhpsoky ds vuqlkj dks th tku ls iwjk djrh gSaA xqjck.kh ds vuqlkj izÑfr ls nwj gksus ij 'kjhj dks vusd xzhu daT;wej cusa % vki rhu ^vkj* dk è;ku j[ksa jksx ?ksj ysrs gSaA blfy, /jrh ek¡ ls izse djsa vkSj viuh ;kuh tgk¡ rd gks lds jh&;wt+] jh&lkbdy rFkk fj&M~;wl tM+ksa ls tqM+ko dks u NksM+saA vf/d ls vf/d isM+ ikSèks dk fu;e viuk,¡ vkSj ?kj ds vU; lnL;ksa dks Hkh blds yxkdj gok dks LoPN cukus dk izca/ djsaA blls fy, izsfjr djsaA ;kfu ogh lkeku bLrseky djsa ftls rkieku Hkh ?kVsxk vkSj vPNs iQy Hkh izkIr gksaxsA fctyh jh&lkbfdy ;k iqu% bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gksA fMLikstscy ds vfèkd midj.kksa dk bLrseky dk eryc gS vfèkd oLrqvksa ls cpsaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fMLikstscy jstj ds Xykscy okWfeZaxA blfy, ftruh vko';d gks mruh gh LFkku ij e'khu jstj] isij usifdu ds LFkku ij diM+s ds fctyh dk bLrseky djsaA lc lnL; ,d gh dejs esa cSB cus usifdu] jksVh yisVus ds fy, ,Y;wehfu;e iQkW;y ds dj Vhoh ns[ksa] ;fn ePNjksa ls cpko gks rks [kqyh gok esa LFkku ij diM+s ds uSifdu dk bLrseky dj ldrh gSaA lks;saA blls vkWDlhtu ;qDr rkth BaMh gok esa jkrHkj 'kkWfiax djrs le; fyfDoM lksi] pk;] dkWiQh] rsy vkfn lk¡l ysaxsA cPpksa dks izÑfr ls izse djuk fl[kkus dh ,d ds u, iSd [kjhnus dh vis{kk jhfiQy iSd ysaA blls iSlksa cM+h ftEesnkjh vfHkHkkodksa dh gksrh gSA dh cpr vkSj dpjk Hkh de mRiUu gksxkA xks xzhu % lekt lsfodk 'osrk pksiM+k fodkl laLFkk IykfLVd dk iz;ksx u djsa dh vèl{k gSaA mudh laLFkk bu fnuksa tkya/j 'kgj esa cktkj ls lkeku ykus ds fy, IykfLVd ds cSx dh ik¡p gtkj ikS/s yxkus dh eqfge esa gSaA og dgrh gSa fd txg dkxt ds fyiQkiQs ;k diM+s ds FkSys dk iz;ksx djsaA Nk;knkj o`{k yxkdj ge 'kgj dk rkieku vkB ls nl tc 'kkWfiax dks fudysa viuk diM+s dk FkSyk lkFk ysdj fMxzh rd de dj ldrs gSaA tk,¡A blls iQkyrw IykfLVd ?kj ugha vk,xkA bl izdkj ge lHkh /jrh ek¡ ds izfr drZO; dks viuk,¡ bZdks izQsaMyh okWf'kax fuHkk,¡xs rks gekjh Hkkoh ih<+h Xykscy okWfeZax ds FkisM+ksa ls i;kZoj.kfon~ MkW- fueZy flag (is'ks ls MkWDVj) dgrs cp dj LokLF;o/Zd BaMh gok esa th ldsxhA 17 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 izsjd izlax cokuk esa lkr lky ds cPps us nksLr dks ugj esa Mwcus ls cpk;k cokuk bykds esa ,d lkr lky ds cPps us cgknqjh fn[kkrs gSa] tcfd eka f'kf{kdkA gq, ugj esa Mwc jgs vius N% lky ds nksLr dks cpk fy;kA bl dVvkWiQ 19 ikWbaV fxjk % fiNys lky 100 uacj ij nkSjku mlus [kqn dh tku dh Hkh ijokg ugha dhA bl ?kVuk ds tujy dSVsfxjh ds Nk=kksa us ,Mokal ds fy, DokfyiQkbZ fd;k ckn ls bl cgknqj cPps dh ppkZ bykds ds yksxksa dh tqcku ij FkkA bl lky ;g dVvkWiQ fxj dj 91 ij vk xbZ gSA vkschlh] gSA ,llh] ,lVh Js.kh dk DokfyiQkbax dVvkWiQ Hkh fxjk gSA cokuk dh bZ'oj dkWyksuh esa lkr o"khZ; nhika'kq vius VkWi 10 esa dksbZ Hkh yM+dh viuk LFkku bl o"kZ ugha cuk ifjokj ds lkFk jgrk gSA og bykds ds gh ,d Ldwy esa pkSFkh ldhA 'kh"kZ 100 liQy mEehnokjksa dh lwph esa 2 rFkk 'kh"kZ d{kk dk Nk=k gSA jfookj (23 vizSy) 'kke nksuksa lkbfdy 1000 liQy mEehnokjksa dh lwph esa 68 vkSj 'kh"kZ 5000 liQy ysdj ?kj ds ikl fLFkr ugj ds fdukjs igq¡p x, vkSj ogha ij mEehnokjksa dh lwph esa 466 yM+fd;k¡ LFkku cuk ldhaA ugj ds fdukjs gh lM+d ij lkbfdy pyk jgs FksA bl nkSjku tsbZbZ ds ?kksf"kr ifj.kke esa fnYyh ds iatkch ckx ds Hkh Nk=k dUgS;k lkbfdy ls fxj iM+k vkSj tc rd og [kqn dks laHkkyrk VkWi 100 esa txg cukus esa dke;kc jgsA iatkch ckx ds rfu"d rc rd og ugj esa pyk x;kA xqIrk VkWi 20 esa 'kkfey gksus esa liQy jgsA rfu"d us 360 esa ls ugj esa djhc ik¡p iQhV ikuh gS] ftlesa og Mwcus yxkA 335 vad ds lkFk 19ok¡ LFkku izkIr fd;kA bl ?kVuk ds le; dbZ yksx ogk¡ ls xqtj jgs Fks] ysfdu fdlh us Hkh ogk¡ #dus dh tger ugha mBkbZA ,sls esa mls Mwcrs ns[kdj jsMoqM phafV;ksa dks gks tkrk gS Hkwdai dk iwokZuqeku nhika'kq us ogk¡ ls xqtj jgs yksxksa ls enn djus dk vkxzg Hkh izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ij tkuojksa dh izfrfØ;k,¡ ges'kk gh pkSadkus fd;k] ysfdu dksbZ enn djus dks rS;kj ugha gqvkA nhika'kq dh okyh jgh gSaA ftUgsa ns[krs gq, fuf'pr rkSj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd utj ogk¡ iM+h isM+ dh ,d Vguh ij iM+h vkSj mls dUgS;k dks izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ds izfr tkuoj balkuksa ls T;knk lgu'khy gksrs gSaaA cpkus dh rjdhc lw> xbZA vc uUgha&uUgha phafV;ksa dks gh nsf[k,A gky gh esa gq, 'kks/ ls irk mlus rqjar Vguh mBk;h vkSj ugj ds chp fctyh ds [kaHks pyk gS fd bu phafV;ksa dks Hkwdai tSlh tytyk ykus okyh vkink ls cus iqy ds chp esa igq¡p x;kA blds ckn mlus Vguh dks dk irk ,d fnu igys gh py tkrk gSA jsMoqM phafV;ksa ij ;g 'kksèk gky gh esa teZuh esa gqvkA fMlcxZ ,lsu ;wuhoflZVh ds ft;ksck;ks uhps yVdk dj dUgS;k dks idM+us ds fy, dgkA dUgS;k lkbafVLV xSfcz;y us phafV;ksa 15 gtkj ls T;knk Vhyksa ij rhu lky rd ds Vguh idM+rs gh og /hjs&/hjs mls ugj ds fdukjs ysdj vius ,d ohfM;ks dSejs ls utj j[khA bl ohfM;ks dSejs esa ,d fo'ks"k vk x;kA bl rjg ls mlus vius nksLr dks Mwcus ls cpk lkWÝVos;j dh enn ls mUgksaus tkuk fd ;s phafV;k¡ bl bykds esa vkus fy;kA okys Hkwdai ls ,d fnu igys viuk O;ogkj cny jgh FkhaA dEikmaMj dk csVk yk;k tsbZbZ ykbu lkbal esa izdkf'kr vius bl 'kks/ esa oSKkfudksa us crk;k fd jsMoqM phafV;k¡ Hkwdai ds nkSjku pV~Vkuksa esa iM+h njkjksa esa viuh ijh{kk esa 100 izfr'kr vad cfLr;k¡ cukrh gSaA bu phafV;ksa dks Hkwdai vkus ls ,d fnu igys gh ns'k Hkj ds ,uvkbVh, vkbvkbVh vksj bathfu;fjax laLFkkuksa vkHkkl gks tkrk gS fd Hkwdai vkus okyk gSA 'kks/ ls tqM+s izeq[k esa chVsd] chbZ] vkSj chvkdZ ikB~;Øeksa esa nkf[kys ds fy, oSKkfud cjcSfjd vkSj muds ny us 2009 ls 2012 rd bu phafV;ksa ij utj j[khA bl nkSjku bl bykds esa tgk¡ ;g phafV;k¡ jg jgha Fkha] lhch,lbZ us bl ckj isu isij vkSj daI;wVj vk/kfjr tsbZbZ esu 2 ls 2-3 rhozrk ds nl Hkwdai ntZ fd, x, ftuesa bu phafV;ksa dk ijh{kk vk;ksftr dh FkhA ijh{kk esa 10 yk[k ls vf/d vH;FkhZ O;ogkj cnyrs ns[kk x;kA oSKkfudksa us crk;k fd 2 ls de rhozrk okys 'kkfey gq, FksA mn;iqj ds dfYir ohjcy us VkWi ou dh jSad Hkwdai esa bu phafV;ksa dk O;ogkj leku FkkA gkfly dh gSA dfYir igys ,sls dSafMMsV gSa] ftUgsa 360 esa ls vè;;u ls irk pyk fd jsMoqM phafV;k¡ tks fnu ij esgur ds 360 uacj feysA mUgksaus fiQftDl] dSesLVªh vkSj eSFl esa 120 esa ckn jkr dks vius Vhyksa esa tkdj lksuk ilan djrh gSa] 2 ls vf/ ls 120 uacj gkfly fd, gSaA usxsfVo ekfdZax gksus ds ckotwn d rhozrk okys Hkwdai vkus okys fnu ls igys fnu Hkj esgur ds ckn dfYir us lkjs loky vVSEV fd,A 17 o"khZ; dfYir bafM;u jkr dks vius Vhyksa esa tkdj lksus ds ctk; Vhyksa ls ckgj vk tkrh twfu;j lkbal vksyafi;kM vkSj us'kuy VSysaV lpZ ,Xtke esa Hkh gSa vkSj jkr ij tkxrh gSaA bu phafV;ksa dks 'kkar gks tkus ds i'pkr~ Hkh VkWi dj pqds gSaA dfYir ds firk ljdkjh vLirky esa daikmaMj lkekU; gksus esa de ls de ,d fnu dk le; yxrk gSA 18 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&vizSy 2017 BABRI MOSQUE? OR WAS IT AURANGZEBI MOSQUE? | Rajesh Singh | Kishore Kunal in his book, Ayodhya Revisited, dealing with the Ayodhya dispute, he has written a 700- seeks to debunk the long-held belief that Babur page book, 'Ayodhya Revisited', where he built a mosque on the ruins of a temple he meticulously seeks to debunk the long-held belief that destroyed in Ayodhya. So, who did? According to the Mughal ruler Babur had built a mosque on the ruins the author, it was Aurangzeb of a temple in Ayodhya. So, who destroyed the temple? Enough has been written and said about the Kunal says it was Aurangzeb, and the incident happened Ayodhya Ram temple-Babri mosque issue. People have sometime in 1660. made political careers out of it, liberals have embellished In his capacity as an officer in charge of the their secular credentials, and academics have Ayodhya issue, posted in the Home Ministry in 1990 crisscrossed the country spreading their respective during VP Singh's tenure as Prime Minister, Kunal had versions of the story. If all that has been said and written access to loads of material collected and presented to is compiled in one volume, it would outclass the the Government by the warring sides of the dispute. Ramayan in size. The mosque came down 25 years His claims cannot thus be dismissed as the rant of an ago and the fires of that moment are dead. The embers uninformed but highly opinionated individual. He is less continue to glow off and on, though, and lead to minor than tolerant of the rigid views held by both the sides - sparks here and there. And yet, even for politicians on he calls the Left-liberal academics as "self-established" all sides, the issue is no longer worth exploiting on a historians who have "established an academic empire large canvas. The fatigue factor has hit everybody, and and try to stifle any voice of dissent or truth"; and those even the highest court of the land appears to be in no of the opposite group as "enthusiastic historians", most hurry to adjudicate the matter. of whom "lack the skill of sifting the grain from husk". But what if someone were to come along and shake Kunal finds the difference between these two kinds of the very fundamentals of the narrative that we have historians "very thin". Interestingly, both these sections lived with and learnt over the decades? What if agree that Babur had built the mosque - one asserts it someone were to say: 'But Babur never destroyed the was done on a barren plot of land, the other alleges temple'? Well said, the liberals would acclaim. And what that it was constructed after the temple's demolition. if someone were to state: 'Babur never built the mosque So, what makes Kunal to conclude that it was in the first place'? Hold on… say again. 'Yes, Babur Aurangzeb and not Babur who had built the mosque never built the mosque in Ayodhya that we have been after the temple's destruction. He has depended on calling as Babri mosque and that which was razed to archaeological and other standard material, of course, the ground more than two decades ago.' And, therefore, that are available in the contemporary context. But more stop calling it the Babri mosque. Also, yes, the Ram interestingly, the author has extensively cited 11 temple did exist on the spot; except that it was documents "of vital importance", the earliest dating back somebody else and not Babur who had demolished it. to the 11th century and the latest to the 19th century, Heads would shake, eyes would roll, tongues would to establish his views. Thus, we have here quoting from lash out, and the 'seculars' and the 'saffrons' would hurry the Vishnu Hari inscription found in the post-demolition to dispel the outrageous thought at the earliest. Surely, debris to the notes of P Carnegy, the Officiating they could not allow this twist to ruin their game. But Commissioner of Faizabad and the Settlement Officer Kishore Kunal couldn't care less. A former Indian there for many years.In the pursuance of his theory, Police Service (IPS) officer who later joined the Union Kunal points out that, for 240 years after its supposed Ministry of Home Affairs as Officer on Special Duty construction in 1528, the reference to a Babri mosque 19 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Babri mosque? Or was it Aurangzebi ... "did not figure in any text written by any indigenous or Ram Kot and that some versions attributed the foreign authority". Surely a development of such destruction to Babur. importance ought to have, when smaller exploits by Kishore Kunal quotes an account of a rulers were duly recorded by their faithful to pass on to "contemporary independent literary source" - the Italian, generations. The author says that there is no mention Niccolo Manucci, who came to India in 1656 and sided of the Babri mosque in either Babur's memoirs or the with Dara Shikoh in the latter's failed battle for Humayun-nama (of Gul Badan Begum) or in the succession. He recorded his observations in a accounts of Abul Fazal's Ain-e-Akbari or other works meticulously maintained diary, and ended up converting that came after the supposed construction of the mosque the material into a book, which was first published in during Babur's reign. The author argues: How could all 1837 as Storia do Mogor (Story of the Mughals). Here these accounts miss out? is an excerpt which Kunal produces in his book: "The Kunal dismisses the inscriptions that were found chief temples destroyed by King Aurangzeb within his on the mosque premises to suggest that Babur had built kingdom were the following: Maisa (Mayapur?), the structure, as "fake". He says, "They were fixed Matura (Mathura), Caxis (Kashi), Hajudia (Ayodhya)." subsequently on the structure almost 285 years after This and the authoritative accounts left behind by its supposed construction in 1528, and were replaced the Jesuit priest mentioned earlier, along with other repeatedly." The author refers to Jesuit priest Joseph circumstantial evidences, are, according to Kunal, Tieffenthaler's notes on the mosque when the latter had ironclad material to suggest that Aurangzeb, and not visited the place sometime in 1770, and says even the Babur, was the destroyer of the Ram temple in priest, who was well-versed in Persian, had not noticed Ayodhya, and also architect of the structure. If so, any inscription on any part of the mosque suggesting should we now refer to it as the Aurangzebi mosque? the structure had come up during Babur's time. In fact, (The writer is Opinion Editor, The Pioneer) Tieffenthaler writes that Aurangzeb had demolished the - The Pioneer, New Delhi, March 02, 2017. ON GENDER CRIME, IS UP THE WORST STATE? - KumKum Dasgupta Numberspeak As politicians spar over violence molesters and eve teasers. "This is because the criminals against women, an analysis of 10 years' data are sheltered by your leaders," Modi said, targeting reveals grim facts chief minister Akhilesh Yadav. BJP president Amit Shah New Delhi: The Uttar Pradesh elections are halfway had also raised the issue earlier, promising to raise anti- through and for most part of the campaigning "rising Romeo battalions in every district if the party is voted violence" against women in the state has been a to power. dominant theme in the BJP's poll rhetoric. It is almost The BJP's attack forced the Samajwadi Party to every day that the BJP has been targeting the ruling go on the offensive. "The lie-filled, inappropriate Samajwadi Party (SP) over this issue. statements of these leaders are aimed at maligning the At a rally in Ghaziabad on February 8, Prime image of Akhilesh Yadav and his government," SP Minister Narendra Modi said: "Goons have been spokesperson Rajendra Chaudhary said, adding that sheltered that is why women feel unsafe in the state". it is the BJP-ruled states that fared worse than UP. The PM added that women don't venture out after It is not without reason that women's safety has sunset or go to school because they are afraid of become a big issue in this election. Women form nearly 20 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 On gender crime, is UP the worst ... 46% (6.33 crore) of the total electorate of an estimated rape, the lower/higher the incidence of rape. 13.8 crore voters. In 2012, the percentage of women 3. The good news is that sex ratio in UP has increased who exercised their voting rights was 23%, and in 2017, from 898 women per 1,000 men to 912 women it is expected to increase. All major parties have per 1,000 men. Higher sex ratio reduces the promises on women's security and empowerment. The incidence of rape. SP is turning to its 'Women Power Line 1090' project 4. Even when it comes to all crimes against women, to woo women voters. UP's total share of all India crimes against women Data Speak fell from about 17% to 14% between 2001 -15. India's record of gender violence has been bad. 5. Incidence of crimes against women fell from about To understand the reasons and also why some states 18/lakh to 15.5/lakh between 2001 and 2015. But have improved in recent years, two economists - at the all-India level, incidence of crime against Raghav Gaiha, honorary professorial fellow, University women has gone up by 17.5/lakh to about 19/lakh. of Manchester, and Geetika Dang, independent researcher, and sociologist Vani S. Kulkarni, lecturer Cases rise in MP in 15 years in Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, analysed data 1. Incidence of crimes against women went up from from 2001 to 2015, culled from Census, National 23.14/lakh in 2001 to 26.73/lakh in 2015. Sample Survey, National Crime Records Bureau 2. Incidence of rape went up from 9.86/lakh women (NCRB), Indian Human Development Survey and in 2001 to 12/lakh in 2015 (the state is among the Planning Commission. worst five performers in 2015 and the worst "We studied four kinds of serious crimes against performer in 2001). women: Rapes, dowry deaths, cruelty by husband and Rape cases up in Rajasthan relatives, kidnapping and abduction. We are using so 1. Incidence of crimes against women went down from many sources because the NCRB will give the absolute 33.67/lakh in 2001 to 25.34/lakh in 2015. number of cases registered (FIRs). Their data don't 2. Incidence of rape went up from 3.87/lakh to 10.60/ explain why there has been an upward/downward trend lakh between 2001 and 2015. across states," explained Dang. Akhilesh's regime Speaking to HT on what fuels brutality against If we come to Akhilesh Yadav's rule in UP -- here women, Kulkarni said gender violence is not necessarily the team used NCRB data -- the absolute number of a part of masculinity, but the two are often closely serious crimes against women decreased by 16% in linked, mediated by class, caste and region. "In UP, Uttar Pradesh. In MP, it increased by 8%. caste hierarchy matters. Upper-caste men rape women "While our data analysis shows that there has been of low castes in north Indian villages. But when lower- some improvement on women's safety in UP, there is a caste men rape a woman of an upper caste, it becomes caveat. In India, rapes go unreported. On many a crime to be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the instances, police don't register cases due to caste law, as it violates social norms." undertones etc," said Dang. Key findings This view is corroborated by Khalid Chaudhury 1. In 2001, out of every 100 rapes, 12.27 were who works with the Lucknow office of ActionAid India. registered in UP. But by 2015, the state reduced "There is serious under reporting as it is very difficult to its share to 8.73 rapes per 100 cases. file FIR and there is political pressure on the police for 2. Conviction of rape rose by about 29% between under reporting". Suchitra Mehrotra, a third-year law 2001-15 in UP. The higher/lower the conviction of student in Allahabad University, told HT the situation 21 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 On gender crime, is UP the worst ... has improved in the main cities but not in rural UP. is, over last five years) Though UP has improved, there remains a huge 17% Uttar Pradesh's total share of all India crimes variation in incidence of serious crimes against women against women in 2001. The number fell to 14% in across India. Explaining the reasons for such variation, 2015 Prof Gaiha said: "As Amartya Sen has emphasised, 29% rise in conviction of rape cases between 2001- rape and other serious crimes against women are 15 in Uttar Pradesh closely intertwined with inefficient policing and judicial systems, and callousness of society. So the quality of 912 is the ratio of women per 1,000 men in Uttar governance in states is key to understanding the huge Pradesh in 2015. The number has increased from 898 variation in incidence of serious crimes against women." women per 1,000 men in 2001 It is only on March 11, when votes are counted, one METHODOLOGY: will know if people agree with Akhilesh Yadav's view In order to compare the status of women safety that his government has done a lot for women's security. across states, the authors of the study (Are women And whether his claim is strong enough to ensure more vulnerable to crimes, 2017) looked at the another term in a patriarchal state. National Crime Records Bureau data in a common unit Un-fair statistics of "crimes against women per lakh women", that is, the The data for crime against women over the past numerator is "serious crimes against women" and the decade shows slight improvement, but the situation denominator is the number of females (in lakhs) in the continues to be grim state. This is the only way crimes against women could 8.73% was UP's share of rapes in India in 2015, be compared between large and small states. at least 3.52% less than the state's share in 2001 [email protected] 16% decrease in number of serious crimes against - The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, women in Uttar Pradesh under SP governement (that February 21, 2017. HERE'S WHY YAMUNA IS DEAD: NO IMPROVEMENT IN WATER QUALITY -Jayashree Nandi & Neha Lalchandani | TNN | New Delhi: The city has spent over Rs 2,000 crore up to 16 crore in June last year. No Yamuna cleaning on Yamuna clean-up in the last 22 years. This shocking project has managed to bring a perceptible difference revelation came during a hearing in the Supreme Court to water quality. Apart from Yamuna Action Plans on on Monday. The reality becomes starker when you which the bulk of funds were spent, the National Green consider recent and past data that show no Tribunal, in its 2015 judgment, had ordered augmenting improvement in water quality: total coliform, or mostly the functioning of sewage-treatment plants that are human and animal excreta, continues to be in lakhs, running under capacity and constructing 32 smaller and even crores, when the standard is a maximum of STPs in a decentralised manner. 5,000 mpn/100 ml (most probably number/100 ml). "According to DJB, there are 23 STP's planned Also, dissolved oxygen (DO), a must for many forms and existing as of today in Delhi....the oxidation pond of life in the water, continues to be negligible, which at Timarpur, which was commissioned in 1947, is reiterates that it's a dead river. proposed to be closed. There is an STP at Okhla, which DO levels in March months of 2002 and 2006 at was commissioned in 1937, and four STP's at Kondli Nizamuddin and Palla were 0; in 2016, these were are lying closed due to inadequate sewerage...the entire 0.9 and 0.7, respectively. Total coliform levels went STP infrastructure, if made fully functional, can be 22 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Here's why Yamuna is dead: No ... utilised to support and aid implementation of the in a 1998 order, had directed that 10 cumecs of water project," NGT had said. There is no implementation of be released into the river through the year. Experts feel this order so far. Delhi Jal Board claims that it has the that 10 cumecs is inadequate, but as of now even that capacity to treat 604 million gallons per day of sewage, is not being released. Following NGT's 2015 judgment, of which it is treating about 75%. about 10 cumecs is being released at Hatnikund, but Brij Gopal, former JNU professor and member of that reduces significantly as it flows downstream. "The NGT's expert panel on Yamuna, said: "Nothing has only answer to this is to ensure more water is released. moved. Sewage is not even reaching the STPs. If Sewage treatment alone cannot ensure unhindered untreated sewage is flowing down the drain, what do flow" said Manoj Mishra of Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan, who you expect? Plus there is no flow in the river." had moved NGT on Yamuna pollution. Under phases I and II of the Yamuna Action Plan, Meanwhile both Centre and Delhi government have launched in 1993, Rs 576.73 crore has already been announced several cosmetic measures. For example, spent. Under YAP-III, an additional Rs 1,600 crore last year, Centre launched a trash skimmer to clean the has been allocated, which is yet to be used. water surface and announced a "proper" chhat ghat. In an effort to develop the river front, Delhi government "Yamuna, like all of Delhi, has suffered due to started a Yamuna Aarti and developed a 'Nakshatra multiplicity of agencies. Crores were definitely allocated Vatika' along the river bed. but the money was used incoherently. DJB was doing something while the corporations were doing something Union water minister Uma Bharti had announced else. We are hopeful now that the interceptor sewer last year that Lakhwar Vyasi dam in Uttarakhand would system, when it is completed by next year, will finally release water in Yamuna during the lean season, which clean the river," said a senior government official. was contested by environmental experts because the project is unlikely to get environmental clearance. Experts also say that policies to clean Yamuna have only been STP-oriented when the biggest issue is the - The Times of India, New Delhi, fact that the river has no water or ecological flow. SC, February 22, 2017. BRUTAL, UNNECESSARY SLAUGHTER - Maneka Gandhi Some months ago I saw a film which showed a laws on where the goats can be killed, but no one loving, law abiding, white community that was allowed, bothers. The sewers, in every Muslim ghetto, run with by law, to go mad on one day a year and shoot any blood which goes into the rivers. There are certain areas black they could. The film was about a family that in each city where the smell of rotting blood and meat rescued a black and how they were hunted down by can actually make you sick. Hindus consistently object their friendly neighbours and killed. to this brutal and unnecessary slaughter that has no real We have two days like that in India. Bakr Id, in roots in Islam. Every year there is a debate on this and which the Muslim community gets a free pass to kill the television anchors bring in the same people to argue goats by law, and any other animal they want, while the pros and cons of Bakr Id, and it always turns into a the government and the police look the other way. They Hindu-Muslim issue. kill lakhs of young goats by slitting their throats. But But Hindus have their own day of massacre as well. they also kill cows in West Bengal and Kerala, and The day that should be the happiest, the day of harvest, camels and young buffaloes illegally in Hyderabad, the day welcoming the spring, the day celebrated all Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Delhi and Meerut. There are strict over the world with dance and song, is a day for violence 23 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Brutal, unnecessary ... and killing all over India. Makara Sankranti, 14 January, bullocks and buffaloes are made to run tied to each is the Bakr Id for Hindus. other. Sometimes a cow and a horse are tied. They are In Karnataka, till the animal activists stopped it, fed alcohol and they have iron thorns inserted into their there used to be a ritual in which foxes were hunted, anuses. They are steered by their tails which break in imprisoned, beaten and burnt alive. Now it has been the first few minutes. replaced by Kambala, in which cows are whipped and They are whipped mercilessly again and again. raced through flowing water. Many die from broken Many die or are maimed permanently. This also has legs which are too weak to withstand the force of the been stopped by law, but some politicians defy the law water and from the intense beatings. and hold this vulgar, cruel sport because they think it In Assam, thousands of bulbuls, which are small, makes them popular. This is mainly done in the districts fragile endangered species of birds, are caught by around Pune. In Gujarat, you have the kite flying festival professional bird catchers weeks before and then sold which goes on for a week starting on this day. It kills to villagers, who keep the birds in cages and then make over three lakh birds who become entangled in the them fight with each other till one dies. Spaces are nylon strings embedded with glass. I believe that the allocated for these fights like Roman arenas. This has joy of flying a kite is far less for the people flying it than been banned by court as well. the joy of seeing dying birds fall from the sky. The court has banned the Chinese manja, as it is called. It In Andhra Pradesh, lakhs of cocks are kept in dark continues to be used. cages and poked with long sticks till they become vicious. Then razors are tied to their legs and they are Then you have Jallikattu. Bulls are confined for set on each other, slashing and cutting till one dies of weeks in dark rooms, fed alcohol, beaten. Chunks of blood loss immediately and the other wounded warrior flesh are literally bitten off by crazed young boys. Then a few hours later. Then they are eaten by grinning they are let free into an area and dozens of alcohol villagers who have bought the alcohol being sold in the fuelled boys jump on each one and try to tear its horns fight fields. This has just been banned by the A.P. High off. Bulls die. Some people die. So many politicians Court and upheld by the Supreme Court. Since many from all the parties have jumped into this cesspool of politicians are involved in these filthy fights, let us see violence in the name of "Tamil Culture", but actually what happens this year. mistakenly believing that they will make a political space for themselves by encouraging this viciousness. The In Goa there used to be bullfights. Two bulls would Supreme Court banned it last year and the ban be fed alcohol and then made to fight each other, by continues. Calls have been made by local politicians hitting each other's heads, while drunken spectators for the government to issue a notification overruling all shouted and threw things at the animals to egg them on laws. Everyone in India looks down upon it - as civilised and get a better show of more blood. It was stopped people should. by the Courts over twenty years ago. Every now and then some politician will encourage it secretly, and every But that has not deterred even fading Tamil actors, political party puts it on their Goa manifesto during who want popularity, from insisting that Tamil Nadu's elections, but it is, more or less, over. entire culture will be destroyed if these bulls are not pounded to death. Madhya Pradesh, however, continues this ghastly illegal fighting and the newspapers carry pictures of the The only difference between Bakr Id and Makara illegal event, which is made even more exciting when a Sankranti is that the Muslims don't bet while they maim human is killed. Maharashtra has village races, in which and kill animals. The Hindus do. They drink and they 24 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Brutal, unnecessary ... gamble on how which animal dies faster. No Hindu To join the animal welfare movement contact pretends that it has a basis in religion. They simply call [email protected], www.peopleforanimalsindia.org The it Hindu culture, even though some of these massacres Statesman, New Delhi, Jan. 22, 2017, Page 4. have only started a few decades ago. HALF OF OUR YOUTH KEEN TO QUIT INDIA - Suveen Sinha, [email protected] NEW DELHI: India's famed demographic dividend 66.1%, respectively - have no hope that something - half of its 1.2 billion population is below the age of 26 good is going to happen to this country soon. About - may end up accruing to some other country. half believe India needs a superman to set things right. Considerably more than half of the young men and Yet, 41% men and 39% women think they can set women in the HT-MaRS Youth Survey 2016 do not things right if made the prime minister for five years. believe India is their irrefutable homeland, and will be Guess many of us feel there is a superman lurking inside more than happy to live elsewhere. us. An overwhelming percentage, about three-fourths, These are some of the findings of the Youth Survey says they find this country at best "acceptable". Most 2016 by HT and MaRS Monitoring and Research of them rate it poor on gender equality, employment Systems. It covered 5,200 respondents, equally divided opportunity, educational opportunity, and freedom among men and women, half of them in the 18-21 age enjoyed by the youth. group and the other half in 22-25. The respondents It's not just the national sentiment that has are from 15 state capitals and major towns, living in weakened; the concept of true, everlasting love has households with televisions, refrigerators, washing also taken a big beating. Just about a fifth of men and machines, computers, and either a car or a two- women think their current relationship will go the wheeler. They are either undergraduate students or distance; more than half think it will not. Over half are higher, or employed with at least a bachelor's degree. either in favour of living together or remain undecided. They are regular users of the Internet, mobile phones, Curiously, the institution of family remains largely intact. and social networking sites. The survey was carried Nearly three-fourths of men and women say their out from November 3, five days before the Prime relationship with parents is either "close" or "very close". Minister announced demonetisation, to November 20. Optimism is not running high. A high percentage of - The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, men and a higher percentage of women - 62.8% and December 19, 2016. HOUNDING OF TAREK FATAH AT JASHN-E-REKHTA MUST BE CONDEMNED THE PRINCIPLE OF FREE SPEECH CANNOT BE COMPROMISED DEPENDING ON THE POLITICAL POSITION OF THE SPEAKER. - Arshad Alam Tarek Fatah, the Pakistani-Canadian writer who gathering seems to have got the better of some people calls himself an Indian, was recently heckled, abused there who started abusing him, called him a Pakistani and attacked by a group of Urdu lovers in Delhi. Tarek agent and forced him to vacate the place. had gone to Jashn-e-Rekhta, a three-day festival The police, far from protecting Tarek, actually told celebrating the Urdu language. him to leave the venue so that "law and order" is not But his mere presence at this august and "cultured" disturbed. 25 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Hounding of Tarek Fatah at ... This is certainly not the first instance where he has hypocrisy: some have ferociously defended that faced hostility. In 2016, his scheduled talk at the Aurangzeb is indeed their hero; others have admitted Kolkata club was cancelled at the last moment fearing that the Islam which they teach and practise is indeed a similar law and order situation. What is it about this patriarchal. person that riles a section of Muslims so much? It is to the credit of Tarek Fatah that he has started The answer to this question might lie in the kind of a debate about some aspects of Islam in India. work Tarek Fatah is doing. Ever since his inauguration Before him, the narrative about Muslims and Islam in the Indian media, he has taken it upon himself to was dominated by the conservative Ulama or there was expose the wrongdoings of the Ulama or the Muslim silence around issues like veiling, arbitrary divorces, religious establishment. women's right to education and work, et al. He has been consistent in his claim that Indian Tarek has definitely opened up a space to talk Ulama have been teaching and preaching for long a about these issues. If today there is a growing chorus form of Islamic supremacism that does not augur well against the practice of triple talaq, some credit for it for the pluralism of this country. should go to Tarek Fatah. Through his popular show on a television network It is disheartening to note that the so called called "Fatah ka Fatwa", he has been able to show the defenders of free speech are yet to condemn the regressive and antediluvian ideology of the Muslim clergy. hounding of Tarek Fatah. Clearly then, the Muslim clergy have all the reasons The liberals and the left need to realise that even if to be angry with him. They have come to his shows they are opposed to his politics, he has all the right to and abused him, pronounced him a blasphemer and express it in a way he deems fit. even threatened physical assault. The principle of free speech cannot be compromised I am no fan of Tarek Fatah. I differ with him on his depending on the political position of the speaker. understanding of Indian history. I do not subscribe to It is indeed shameful that not even a hint of his historical fantasy that Aurangzeb was bad and Akbar condemnation has been offered by the liberals. was good. This will only go a long way to fuel the perception Such a simplistic black and white view of history is that free speech is just a bogey to target the Hindu an exercise in dumbness. It is certainly not going to Right rather than an intrinsic principle that needs to be improve the pitiable situation Muslims find themselves defended at all costs. in today. Chanakya Quotes But then, I also believe that he is doing something The fragrance of flowers spreads only in the valuable: that of showing a mirror to a section of direction of the wind. But the goodness of a person Muslims, particularly the Muslim clergy. spreads in all directions. If I cannot stand with Tarek Fatah, I also cannot - Chanakya, Flowers, Good, Wind stand with the mullah who thinks that Aurangzeb was a Do not reveal what you have thought upon doing, soldier of Islam and that he was absolutely right to but by wise council keep it secret being determined to impose the jaziya on the Hindus. carry it into execution. - Chanakya, Wise, Thought, Doing For long, there has been a conspiracy of silence There is poison in the fang of the serpent, in the on what the Mullahs have taught in their seminaries and mouth of the fly and in the sting of a scorpion; but the what they have proclaimed to the wider Indian society. wicked man is saturated with it. Tarek Fatah has called their bluff and exposed their - Chanakya, Man, Fly, Mouth 26 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND IT'S RESISTANCE Uniform civil code is the proposal to replace the Article 44 from the cold storage. "The governments personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of have so far failed to make any effort towards 'unified each major religious community in India with a common personal law for all Indians'. The reasons are too set governing every citizen. These laws are distinguished obvious to be stated. When more than 80% of the from public law and cover marriage, divorce, citizens have already been brought under the codified inheritance, adoption and maintenance. Article 44 of personal law, there is no justification whatsoever to keep the Directive Principles in India sets its implementation in abeyance, any more, the introduction of 'uniform civil as duty of the State. For a sovereign, progressive code' for all citizens in the territory of India," it had democratic nation it is mandatory to have Common said. The court asked the government to file an affidavit Civil Law leaving no room for individual religious laws. detailing steps it had taken towards bringing in uniform This applies equally to people of all faiths. civil code. The matter came up before a bench other On January 26, 1950, India enforced its than the one which had dealt with the issue in the year Constitution, which had in it Article 44 which mandated 2000. In Lily Thomas case [2000 (6) SCC 224], it the Union government to strive for a uniform civil code was noticed that the government, in its affidavits filed (UCC) for its citizens. The first trickery happened when in August and December 1996, had said it would take Article 44 was included in the Directive Principles steps to make a uniform code only if the communities chapter of the Constitution, which meant that though it which desired such a code approached the government would be the guiding principle of every government, and took the initiative themselves in the matter. no citizen could move court to enforce it as a matter of The court too washed its hands of the matter, taking right. into account the stand of Jamiat-Ulema-e-Hind and Thirty years later, the SC noticed this. A constitution All India Muslim Personal Law Board that the SC had bench headed by then Chief Justice Y. V. Chandrachud no power to direct enforcement of Article 44, it being in Shah Bano Begum case [AIR 1985 SC 945] said, part of the Directive Principles chapter of the "It is also a matter of regret that Article 44 of our Constitution. Constitution has remained a dead letter. There is no The uniform civil code has become so politicized evidence of any official activity for framing a common that it would become a humongous task for the law civil code for the country. A belief seems to have gained commission to frame one and it would be a near ground that it is for the Muslim community to take a impossible task for the government to convert it into a lead in the matter of reforms of their personal law. A bill and introduce it in Parliament. Mere circulation of a common civil code will help the cause of national questionnaire by the Law Commission on uniform civil integration by removing disparate loyalties to laws which code has herded politicians into opposite camps. have conflicting ideologies. No community is likely to Signature campaigns against uniform civil code have bell the cat by making gratuitous concessions on this begun. No one wants to wait and see what the issue. It is the State which is charged with the duty of commission would recommend after public interaction securing a uniform civil code for the citizens of the and consultation with experts. The Union Parliamentary country." Affairs Minister, M. Venkaiah Naidu, had recently The SC's words did not stir a soul in the favoured a debate on "common civil code" and had government. Ten years later, the SC in Sarla Mudgal said the government would move forward only after a case [1995 SCC (3) 635] said even after 45 years, broad consensus and nothing will be thrust upon the rulers of the day were not in a mood to retrieve anyone. 27 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Uniform Civil Code and ... "What is best in every religion, in every society human rights to their own internal minorities (5) what should be taken out. I am of the firm view, marriage, they claim as minority rights. divorce, inheritance and right to property these things The secularism debate, which reflexively seeks a should be common. Other things, of course, what is ban on any debate over Uniform Civil Code, fails to the way of worship, what is the way of other practices take into account that in the name of protecting Muslims should be left to individuals. There is nothing against or other minorities' rights, communal rights have been any religion in common civil code," he said, adding that prioritized over human rights of individual within minority he favours the term "common" civil code over "uniform" groups. since "Uniform conveys a different meaning". Thousands of Muslim women have recently sought In a recent move, resisting the Supreme Court's support to abolish the "heinous" practice of 'triple talaq', suo motu decision to test the legal validity of triple talaq, which they have termed an "un-Quranic" practice. the AIMPLB has said that the country's top court has no jurisdiction to undertake the exercise as Muslim A Times of India report says "over 50,000 Muslim personal law is based on the Quran and not on a law women and men have signed a petition seeking a ban enacted by Parliament. on triple talaq. The petition, spearheaded by the Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan (BMMA), has "Muslim personal law is a cultural issue, it is sought the National Commission for Women's inextricably interwoven with the religion of Islam. Thus, intervention to end this "un-Quranic practice". it is the issue of freedom of conscience guaranteed under Articles 25 and 26 read with Article 29 of the BMMA co-founder Zakia Soman said a national Constitution," it said in an affidavit filed in court in March signature campaign was under way in different states, this year. including Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, MP, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Odisha, West To argue that Article 25, which confers right to Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala and UP. religion militates against a common civil code is a red herring. It is invalid and a spurious conflation. Right to The report quotes a recent BMMA study which worship or to practice religion should not be confused found that 92 per cent Muslim women supported an with individual rights relating to inheritance, marriage end to this practice where unilateral talaq is being or divorce. frequently given over phone, text message and even email with women mostly at the receiving end. In fact, attempts to keep personal laws out of the ambit of judicial scrutiny all the while subjecting Farah Faiz, Rashtrawadi Muslim Mahila Sangh individual rights to its interpretation is doing grave (RMMS) president, recently gave a speech before a injustice to real minorities within the religion-based Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice T. S. Thakur divisions of communities. and Justice A. M. Khanwilkar on how the AIMPLB and Muslim bodies had started operating sharia'h courts What the debate over "secularism" often misses to impose rigid practices on unsuspecting Muslims. is that minority rights cannot be defended by separating it from human rights. The whole concept "Women's rights are equally protected by the of minority itself is an artificial construct, because it Constitution. But these sharia'h courts and qazis do is relative. In a group of 200, 25 maybe a minority not allow women to enforce their rights. Defiance invites but within this group, 20 is a majority. The 25 who ostracisation. AIMPLB is attempting to give a religious claim minority status in a larger majority, cannot deny tone to the debate on the validity of 'triple talaq' by 28 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Uniform Civil Code and ... terming it a practice ordained by Quran," she said. & It's Resistance" on 25th October, 2016. Note : This article is for India Policy Foundation Prerna Kumari, under the 3rd lecture of series of lectures on Uniform Advocate, Civil Code titled "Understanding Uniform Civil Code Supreme Court of India DEVISE NEW STRATEGY IN J&K, TIME RUNNING OUT - Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay Given his brilliant oratory, unceasing use of explain the official monotony and why the government alliterations and catchphrases of consequence, one was not exploring alternatives to the path it has pursued always expects something out of the ordinary in Prime since the situation got completely out of hand last year Minister Narendra Modi's speeches. His recent address after militant commander Burhan Wani was killed. while launching the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel was widely Since the tactics that were adopted have not publicised and prominence given to the juxtaposition doused the fire in the Valley, it may be time to explore of two choices before the people of Jammu and if other approaches would be more suitable. But since Kashmir - tourism or terrorism. the government refuses to evaluate alternative strategies, Now, consider this statement: "Terrorism feeds on there is no escaping the sense that Army Chief Gen. intolerance and arrogance, tourism breeds tolerance Bipin Rawat's off-the-cuff statement in February, that and empathy. Terrorism seeks to erect walls of hatred those who "obstruct our operations" (read stone- between faiths and communities; tourism breaks such pelters) and don't support the security forces, shall be barriers. Terrorism detests pluralism, whereas tourism "treated as overground workers of terrorists", as official pays tribute to it." Most will presume it was part of Mr policy. Modi's speech not used by TV channels for its As the recent incident in the Chadoora area of reiterative characteristic. central Budgam district indicates, the security forces The trouble is that these lines are not the current will henceforth make no effort to distinguish terrorists Prime Minister's but that of former PM Atal Behari from civilians. This is virtually indistinguishable from the Vajpayee. Matters become knottier as the assertion State declaring the people as terrorists. Faced with such was made 15 years ago, in May 2002, in the backdrop a stance, can the people be expected to join the of rising threats in the post-9/11 world, the December mainstream and partner in building a tourist paradise? 13, 2001 attack on India's Parliament and close on the heels of the Gujarat riots. Prior to Gen. Rawat's provocative declaration, the groundswell of public backing for plans to ferment Neither Mr Vajpayee nor Mr Modi can be denied trouble and replicate last autumn's disturbances, was their right to put forth their contention. However, anxiety waning. swells because Mr Modi's replication of the argument demonstrates that even after a decade and a half, the However, the declaration that the Army would treat Centre views tourism as a panacea for terrorism. There mobs as "anti-nationals" virtually pushed some people is no attempt to recognise that terrorism, civilian unrest into the arms of terrorists and separatist groups. in Jammu and Kashmir, or elsewhere in the country, The government doles out freebies to secessionist have several causative reasons and different solutions. leaders, but adopts a tough posture against the people, Mr Modi declared that among the choices people the opposite of what it should be doing to restore had, dialogue was not one of them. He also did not normality in the state. 29 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Devise new strategy in J&K, time ... The trouble with the Kashmir policy is that it is as Crowd-sourcing of terror has emerged as a global unidimensional as the ruling party's definition of challenge and must ring alarm bells in India too. nationalism and what constitutes anti-national activity. Terrorism can take root without external Chenani- Disagreement, disaffection, dissatisfaction and even Nashri Tunnel as several triggers for self-radicalisation scepticism is seen as anathema. Any action to express exist. Terrorists will find new avenues to spread these sentiments is painted in a single hue and branded mayhem and the state will have to clutch on to every unpatriotic. straw in the wind. Sadly, the BJP plays to the gallery even in the Instead of this, and unearthing individuals and sensitive state and its leaders articulate views with an groups who despite disaffection with the state still eye on the Jammu and Ladakh electorate, besides oppose terrorists, the government is snuffing out all addressing majority community voters from other beacons of hope. Tunnels are built to circumvent difficult states. terrain. Mr. Modi chose to use stones as a political Instead of gloating over infrastructural achievements metaphor. Given that stone-throwing has come to stay and listing future projects, it is time to use beneath-the- as a form of protest, and in certain cases as a tactic to surface passageways as political metaphor. provide cover to escaping or sheltering terrorists, the The situation in Kashmir does not warrant attempts Prime Minister's sarcasm - that stones have immense to conquer mountains that obstruct. Innovative routes power - was not lost on anyone. He argued that while to safety and tranquillity must be constructed. the misguided hurled these, the other lot laboured to This project needs to be initiated immediately to cut through the rocks to carve out Kashmir's destiny. evade the tempest that this coming summer surely The state needs much more than Mr Vajpayee's promises to trigger. poetry and Mr. Modi's oratory. Moreover, the people The writer is the author of 'Narendra Modi: need to be invited for discussions with someone with a The Man, 'the Times and Sikhs: benign face. Nearly 25 years ago, the demolition of The Untold Agony of 1984. the Babri Masjid triggered a sense of isolation and loss - The Asian Age, New Delhi, of identity among Muslims across India. By then, April 07, 2016, Page 6. Kashmir was on the boil but Muslims in the rest of the country had little empathy for its "cause". Over time, HINDUTVA HYPOCRISY? growing Hindu belligerence obliterated this distinction Age Debate: BJP allowing beef in N-E, while and "being" Muslim became a bond. Anxiety among banning it elsewhere, shows its double standards. Muslims has intensified in the wake of the Uttar Pradesh Its gameplan is to polarise & move ahead polls. - Ashish Dua Kashmiri Muslims still have different issues to those Doublespeak and double standards come very in other states, yet they remain connected because they easily to the BJP. It is certainly not surprising that they are seen as a monolith by ruling party supporters. can have one position on a subject in one state while Jammu and Kashmir has a coalition government completely different position in another state. It is crystal only in name, not in spirit, and representatives from clear for all of us to see their assertions in Uttar Pradesh, different regions remain as alienated from each other the Northeast and Kerala. It is appalling that a party as the people. Home-grown terror has expanded its like the BJP, which calls itself a disciplined party, can footprint and altered its character since the 1993 blasts have so many somersaults on one subject in different in Mumbai. states. 30 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Hindutva hypocrisy? ... We all know the BJP's declared position on the Singh said that cow killers should be hanged. The beef ban in North Indian states. We also know its Gujarat Assembly has already passed a bill to give life position in the northeastern states. It is no surprise then imprisonment to people who are found guilty of killing what the BJP candidate in a Kerala byelection is a cow. offering people. This goes to show that the BJP only Meanwhile, when it comes to electoral politics, the cares about winning elections and for that to happen it BJP seems to understand that its stand on cow slaughter certainly does not mind twisting its principles. It would will not help the party to make inroads in states where be correct to say that the BJP is not a party with a beef is the staple diet of many. This is also known to its difference, instead it's a party with differences. top leaders, and that's why they look the other way In UP, where Yogi Adityanathji has become chief when state leaders make statements about beef minister, the BJP is firm on a beef ban and removing consumption. Their duplicity has found them out once illegal abattoirs. We have always maintained that the again. law of the land must be upheld. But the cow vigilante - The writer is national media coordinator of gang is ruling the roost. They are out on the streets the AICC harassing and troubling innocent people. The motive is very clear: they are not keen on saving the cow but are THE PARTY IS BEING keen on creating a substantial order which can be PRACTICAL, PEOPLE FRIENDLY vilified. This will eventually ensure polarisation that will - R. Balashankar lead to the BJP's victory. This has been the gameplan of the BJP for several decades: to polarise and move There is no double standard in the BJP's approach ahead. on cow slaughter ban and shutting down illegal The BJP's top leadership should now come out slaughterhouses. Is it not a surprise that though Uttar into the open and clear its stand on beef. There are Pradesh contributes 60 to 70 per cent of the country's different versions coming out from their own state meat exports, more than half of the slaughterhouses in leaders on the issue. We all know that nothing in the the state were run illegally? There is a difference between party happens without a green signal from the top. It is banning beef and regulating the meat trade. The BJP in a ploy the BJP is cleverly using. The state units will its sankalp patra and in all campaign speeches made pander to local conditions, while the national unit will the commitment that it will close down illegal meat shops. look away. This has been a demand of the National Green Tribunal Interestingly, it is the BJP's ally, the Shiv Sena, that and the Pollution Control Board. The Supreme Court is targeting it over the beef ban. I am only quoting the had laid down guidelines for regulating the meat trade mouthpiece of the Sena, Saamana. In Saamana, the in the country to make it healthy and environment Sena has asked the BJP whether it will hang people friendly. having beef in Goa? Goa is another state where the BJP has been in power for long and in Saamana's The mandate the BJP got on March 11 was to editorial it is clearly mentioned that people in Goa are implement its poll promise. There was massive support eating beef. It is clear that it is not only the Opposition from the people of the state, including slaughterhouses parties but also its allies who are aware of its double and the meat-eating segment of society. For it was all standards. about human health and environmental protection with The BJP has made its stand on cow protection the goal of reviving agriculture. The scare created by known for long now. Its aggressive posturing over the media or the kneejerk hartal by the meat traders stringent cow protection laws across states is also well did not draw much public support, and soon they were known. Recently, Chhattisgarh chief minister Raman forced to retreat. 31 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 Hindutva hypocrisy? ... WHEN RED STAR ROSE Closing illegal abattoirs is not a Hindu-Muslim The first elected Communist ministry was sworn in issue. Shahabuddin Ghori, chairman of Rampur under EMS' leadership 60 years ago. municipality, says he got the first licence under new UP On April 5, 1957, the government, led by the chief minister Adityanath Yogi to set up a state- Communist Party of India (prior to split), came to supported mechanised slaughterhouse under his power in Kerala. Many acclaim it as the first ever municipality. This can cater to hundreds of meatsellers elected Communist government. But EMS in the locality to run a legal meat trade. Other Namboodiripad, who had headed that government, in municipalities also can follow his lead. He says only one of his columns, stated that it was incorrect. He less than half the municipalities in the state have licence wrote that Cheddi Barret Jagan, a Marxist-Leninist, to run abattoirs. Under Akhilesh Yadav and the UPA had become Chief Minister of British Guayana in 1953 at the Centre, the meat industry was promoted and and was overthrown in 133 days. Nevertheless, the illegal trade, smuggling of cattle and export of cow meat assuming of office by the Communists in Kerala, who flourished with impunity. For this big foreign exchange had a facile win in the 1957 elections, was an event earner, modernisation is the key. The shakeup because which drew international attention. of the new initiative has actually provided a meaty But it needs mention that power to communists chance for online startups. Two decades ago Delhi arrived late in Kerala due to the anxiety of the Congress witnessed a similar hue and cry when slaughterhouses to prevent communists from coming to power. In the were modernised and moved out of metropolitan limits. 1954 elections to Travancore-Cochin assembly, the But it did not kill the industry or lead to any meat Left Front comprising Communists, Revolutionary scarcity. Similarly, the problem in UP has already started Socialist Party and Kerala Socialist Party, which had easing out with more investment and scientific methods an understanding with the Praja Socialist Party, were replacing the old unhealthy practices. in a majority, though Congress was the single largest As for the BJP approaching the subject differently party. in the South and north-eastern states where there is no The ingenious tactics of the Congress prevented cow slaughter ban and the majority of people are meat Communists from coming to power in a coalition in eaters, the party is only being practical and people- 1954. Congress with 45 seats in the assembly offered friendly. It is honouring majority sentiments in both to support (without sharing power) the PSP with 19 cases. Is it wrong if the party in power tries to enforce members. This is in fact the forerunner to the Charan the law of the land? There is no comparison as all north Singh and the Chandrasekhar experiments at the and western states, including Jammu and Kashmir, have national level much later in 1979 and 1991 respectively. banned cow slaughter, whereas the case is reverse in Analysts have long held that Kerala went against Northeast and Kerala. The BJP in a way is responding the grain in electing Communists to power contrary to to the people's will in both cases. UP, which exports the national trend. Seldom has it been discussed that 4.66 lakh tonne of meat, with 15 million people Communists could achieve a victory in Kerala in the employed in this sector, has for once attempted to then prevailing adverse international climate after modernise and make it more viable. People often Khrushchev's Stalin revelations at the 20th Congress confuse buffalo meat with beef and get misled. Actually, of Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPSU) and the BJP is reshaping and rejuvenating the `32,000-crore Soviet intervention in Hungary, both in 1956. export business to face the challenges of the future. It is also part of the BJP's good governance goal. - The These events triggered a crisis in Communist writer is a senior journalist and political analyst, - movements, especially in the parties of the West. Indian The Asian Age, New Delhi, April 06, 2017, Page 7. Communists had their own quota of differences on what attitude to be taken towards the Congress, led by 32 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 When red star ... AT 97, GOWRI AMMA STILL HAS FIRE WITHIN Nehru, which imprinted the slogan of building a - T. Sudheesh socialistic pattern of society and public sector reaching Gowri Amma is the only woman in Kerala to have commanding heights of the economy in 1956. piloted many important bills like land utilisation, women Eventually, this led to the split in the Communist party commission and criminal code. in 1964. K.R. Gowri Amma, 97, sat in the big hall of her In the present era of electoral politics, when the far old house in Chathanad. Overhead hanged a large right is becoming adept in social engineering, the strategy marriage photo of her with T.V. Thomas. adopted by the Communists then, especially its leaders, is worth recalling. Mannathu Padmanabhan and Nair The only member of the first EMS cabinet alive Service Society were on the same page against the now, she still keeps abreast of the developments around. Congress. This was effectively exploited in the selection She spends an hour every day reading newspapers of candidates in Travancore-Cochin area by the before taking a bath. Communists. The party fielded candidates, anticipating On Monday, the nonagenarian talked to Deccan NSS support. In Malabar area, of course, the Chronicle about her roles from a practising lawyer at Communists had developed a mass base by being in Cherthala Munsiff Court in the late 40s to a divorcee the forefront of agrarian struggles and social reform and politician who had served in various ministries. movements. Asked about the landmark land reforms bill she Insulation from adverse international headwinds piloted in 1957, she outrightly refused to claim her and a careful social engineering by the Kerala leadership personal imprint on it. Instead, she gives credit to her saw the Communists romping home with a razor thin party. "I was the person who happened to be its margin and forming a government, which initiated many presenter in the Assembly," she says. pioneering reforms. But the counter engineering by "The landlords were driving out people from organising all caste organisations of Hindus and minority Purampokku. Hence, the government came up with denominations saw the communist government being the policy that tillers get their land." She plunged into dismissed despite having a parliamentary majority. In politics in 1948 influenced by her elder brother the next election in 1960, the vote share of the Sukumaran, who had participated in the Punnapra- Communists rose to 43 percent, but they tasted defeat Vayalar revolt in 1946. against a coalition of Congress, PSP and Muslim Born to a landlord, K. A. Raman, she recalls her League. Thus began an era of coalitions in Kerala, Kalathiparambil family owned some 2,000 acres of about which much has been said and experienced. paddy fields in Cherthala. She was one of few girls The writer is a commentator on polity. who went to Thuravoor English School. - The Asian Age, New Delhi, April 06, 2017, When she joined the Communist Party, she had to P. 5. sacrifice her highly-paid profession. Chanakya Quotes Asked about the power struggle within during the Education is the best friend. An educated person cabinet formation in 1957, she turned garrulous saying is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty there was no factionalism like we see today. But she and the youth. Chanakya, Education, Beauty, Best did not know why T.V. Thomas, "who was a strong Purity of speech, of the mind, of the senses, and of a Opposition leader in the Thiru-Kochi Assembly" was compassionate heart are needed by one who desires not made the chief minister. to rise to the divine platform. "I was not a member of the state committee then. I -Chanakya, Heart, Mind, Rise was made one after becoming a minister, impressed 33 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 At 97, Gowri Amma still ... A MILITANT NATIONALIST by my debates in Assembly," she says. "The party was - Kabita Ray | New Delhi | disciplined than now. Nobody was allowed to question The revolutionary movement in India, the most the party's decision." fascinating chapter in the history of the struggle for Asked if it was the party secretary M.N. Govindan freedom, had burst into a mighty tempest after the Nair who sidelined her husband, she said there were a Partition of Bengal (1905). The origin of the movement, lot of buzz about it then. however, can be traced to an earlier period. Maharashtra may be regarded as the pioneer of the "I didn't believe in such talks. I still don't think either revolutionary struggle and the nerve-centre of sedition. caste or religion payed any role. However, people had cast aspersions on Mr Nair after the Devaswom Board The credit for organising the first secret controversy," she recalled. revolutionary society in Maharashtra in the post-Mutiny "K. Sukumaran was chosen as its president. But (1857) phase, with the objective of overthrowing British some asked should a stalwart like Mannathu rule, belongs to Wasudeo Balwant Phadke (1845- Padmanabhan work under him. And subsequently, 83), a Chitpavan Brahmin of Kolaba district, Bombay. Mannathu was made the president and Mr Sukumaran Phadke was moved by the exploitation of Indians a member. In protest, Mr Sukumaran gave up the post and had made a bold attempt to drive out the British sparking a caste row. It was Mr Nair's decision." by physical force. Gowri Amma is the only woman in the state to have Phadke's hatred against the British Government was piloted many important bills covering land utilisation, first roused by his failure to secure leave to visit his women commission and criminal code. She polished ailing mother. The devastating famine of 1876-77, which her debating talent locking horns with stalwarts like affected a large part of India, made him a determined Pattom Thanu Pillai, P.T. Chacko and Narayana enemy of the British. He was firmly convinced that the Kurup. "They all respected women. I always felt safe miseries were rooted in exploitation and the economic in public places even in midnight then," she says. drain, also articulated by Dadabhai Naoroji. Of all the chief ministers who ruled the state for the After considerable reflection, he vowed to organise past six decades, EMS could make some impact as he an armed rebellion against the British. He decided to had a good team in his cabinet and the party rallied give up his job in the Military Accounts department, behind him. Though her colleagues used to call K. the comforts of his family life, and devote his life to the Karunakaran a karinkali, she never held such a view. task of liberating India. In his autobiography (1879), "In my eyes, he was an efficient administrator." Phadke revealed the state of his mind in 1878 on the -The Asian Age, New Delhi, Apr. 06, 2017, eve of his resignation from government service - Page 5. "From morning to night, bathing, eating, sleeping, I was brooding over this and I could get no proper rest. At Chanakya Quotes midnight, I used to get up and think how this ruin might He who is overly attached to his family members be done until I was almost mad. I learnt to fire at targets, experiences fear and sorrow, for the root of all grief is attachment. Thus one should discard attachment to be to ride, also sword and club exercise". happy. Phadke travelled extensively in the guise of a - Chanakya, Family, Happy, Fear sannyasi, with matted hair. His plan of action has been As soon as the fear approaches near, attack and described in his autobiography thus: "Having obtained destroy it. - Chanakya As soon as the fear approaches Rs 5000 from a sowkar, I proposed to send to all sides near, attack and destroy it. three or four men a month in advance so that small - Chanakya, Fear, Attack, Soon gangs might be raised by them from which great fear 34 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 A militant nationalist ... would come to the English. The mails would be stopped However, Phadke gained the support of the and the railway and telegraph interrupted, so that no countryside and he struck terror in the hearts of the information could go from one place to another. Then British Government which announced a reward of Rs the jails would be opened and all the long-sentenced 4000 for his capture. Through a poster, he announced prisoners would join me because if the British one and a half times the reward offered by the Government remained they would not get off." Government to any person who would bring to him the Phadke realised that his objective could only be severed head of Sir Richard Temple, the Governor of attained through a secret organisation, which he formed Bombay Presidency, Panic gripped the administration. to preach the message of independence among school Phadke turned to religion for solace and guidance. boys. There were also active members who were In April 1879 he left the few followers who were still engaged in revolutionary activities. The members were with him. He went to Poona and spent a few weeks in bound by a secret pledge that they would sacrifice "Shri Shaillya Malik Arjun", a shrine in Karnal district everything at the altar of their motherland. On the in Madras. He then went to the Nizam's territory where Vijayadashami day the most important ceremony was he masqueraded as a holy man from Benares. He was, solemnised. Arms were collected secretly. The goddess however, arrested in Kaladagi district in Nizam's state of war was worshipped with prayers. The Revolt of by Major Daniel and Abdul Haque, the Police 1857 was often the subject of post-prayer speeches. Commissioner of Hyderabad, in July 1879. He was The educated class, however, did not support sentenced to transportation for life and imprisoned in Phadke's ideas and he turned for support to the Aden from where he fled in October 1880. He was turbulent and backward people belonging to the however, rearrested within a few hours. He was fettered Ramosis community. With their help, he planned to and soon developed phthisis, which turned out to be a disarm the police guard of the Khed treasury and then terminal affliction. He died at a prison in Aden on 17 loot the place. He then decided to attack the jails, February 1883 after undergoing severe torture. release the prisoners (almost reminiscent of the siege The single-handed fight of Phadke against the British of Bastille) and with them swell the number of his Empire, wrote Dr. R. C. Majumdar, was bound to end followers. With their help he decided to carry out his in complete failure. But it left its legacy and the seeds long-cherished desire to destroy British rule. His plan he sowed grew into a mighty banyan tree. His patriotism, failed and he could neither secure the men nor the his political activities, his secret organisation and his money. method of secretly collecting arms and money through The difficulty to obtain funds from the bhadralok political dacoities were taken up by the leaders of has been described with pathos by Phadke - "In their revolutionary movement in other parts of India. The hearts they wish the British to be driven out, but you spirit which he represented continued to live through must not ask money of them". In sheer desperation, he the revolutionaries of a later period. His method thought of raising funds by committing dacoities. His acquired a strong philosophical foundation and a attempt to collect money through dacoities with the broader social basis. He may justly be called "the father help of the Ramosis failed as this group was never of militant nationalism in India." inspired by patriotic ideals. They quarrelled over the Though forgotten by history and ignored by distribution of the looted money and deserted Phadke historians, Phadke must be given a place in the history after receiving their share. His attempts to enlist the of the revolutionary movement, an integral part of the support pf other backward communities, such as Kolis Indian freedom struggle. It has rightly been pointed out and Dhangars, also failed. that the credit for organising the first secret revolutionary 35 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017 A militant nationalist ... society in the post-Mutiny period with the avowed transport to travel long distances and on that long sea objective of overthrowing British rule in India belongs voyage, he got curious as to why various shades of to Wasudeo Balwant Phadke. blue were spread in the sky and sea. The sky is a void - The writer is a former Associate Professor, and water is colourless, but why do they appear blue? Department of History, Sivnath Sastri College, This curiosity made him begin research work on the Kolkata scattering of light waves through different media like - The Statesman, New Delhi, Mar. 20, 2017, P. solid, liquid and gas. 08. The great scientist Lord Raleigh had the idea that scattering of light waves through air particles makes WHY DOES THE SKY APPEAR the sky azure and the greenish blue colour of sea water is caused by reflection of that sky in sea BLUE? water. - Anisha Dutta Raman did not accept the theory. He conducted Thirty years ago, 28 February was announced as research about different colours of the sky - at dawn, National Science Day in India as the world-renowned twilight and other times throughout the day and Raman Effect was invented on that day in 1928. The concluded that same theory is applicable to both sea object of observing National Science Day is not only water and the sky. In both cases, sun rays are scattered to honour C. V. Raman but also to inspire Indian in different wave lengths through air and water particles. scientists and technologists. Through various experiments Raman concluded that Raman's father Chandra Sekhar Ayer was a any liquid contains minute particles and because of them professor of physics and mathematics while his mother blue colour is scattered. The seven visible colours of came from a conservative Sanskrit family. An the spectrum are commonly known as "Vibgyor" and exceptionally high intellect was inherited from his parents are set from smaller to larger wave lengths. After and Raman graduated at 16. At that time, there was scattering, rays of smaller wave lengths like violet, hardly any scope for scientific research and so he indigo, blue and green are spread more widely appeared for a competitive examination for entry into than yellow, orange and red, which have larger the finance department. As usual, he secured the top wave lengths. position and was selected as assistant accountant Though violet has the shortest wave length, the sky general, finance, Government of India. He was only looks blue, not violet. This is because, the rays 19 and took up the job in Calcutta where he stayed for penetrating through the atmosphere and reaching Earth the next 10 years. contain mostly blue colour. Also, our eyes are attracted Once on his way to office, Raman noticed the more to wave lengths of blue. During sunrise or sunset, Board of Indian Association for Cultivation of the sun lies close to the horizon and at those times, the Science. He expressed his desire to conduct research "yor" portions are scattered more. As the density of air to Amritalal Sarker, then director of the institution, becomes lesser, the scattering of Vibgyor lessens and which was established in 1878. It was decided that sky turns dark. only Indian scientists would be accepted and Raman In oceans, sun rays are scattered through water was cordially invited to start his research work - he particles almost at an angle of 30 degrees. In that range, continued that from 1907 to 1917. Next, he became scattering of sun rays though water particles become the departmental head of physics at the University of 150 times wider than scattering of sun rays through air Calcutta. particles (omitting dust particles). Therefore ocean In 1921, Raman received his first invitation from water does not look like the sky but appears as Europe. In those times, ship was the only mode of greenish blue. 36 xkSjo ?kks"k] ekpZ&viSzy 2017
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