ESTABLISHMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE DEMONSTRATION PILOT PROJECT ON RESTORING AND MANAGING LANGAT RIVER, MALAYSIA FOR FUTURE
Dr. Rahmah Elfithri Senior Lecturer Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (UKM) [email protected] PROJECT TEAM
1. Dr. Rahmah Elfithri (Project Leader) – LESTARI, UKM 2. Prof. Dato' Dr. Mazlin bin Mokhtar – LESTARI, UKM 3. Prof. Dr. Mohd Raihan Taha – LESTARI, UKM 4. Prof. Dr. Md Pauzi Abdullah – Faculty of Science & Technology, UKM 5. Prof. Dr. Mohd Ekhwan Toriman – Faculty of Science , UKM 6. Prof. Dr. Ruhizan Md Yasin – Faculty of Education, UKM 7. Mr. Jasni Yaakub – LESTARI, UKM 8. Ms. Rd. Puteri Khairani Khirotdin – LESTARI, UKM 9. Mr. Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan – LESTARI, UKM Introduction
• Sustainability science as a new emerging field can be a tool to solve a complex environmental anthropogenic issue by: – Promoting an integrated approach of various disciplines – Multi scale – Across stakeholder • It is a problem driven and solution oriented approach in creating a sustainable society requires the problem solving skills. • Sustainability Science promotes “innovations in knowledge” that organize our vast knowledge so that integrated solutions can be found to complex issues. • New, innovative research and educational programs should be developed and nurtured to provide education to support the development of such integrated approaches. River Restoration
Restoration is the holistic medicine of environmental policy.
Under ecological perspective, restoration refers to the return of an ecosystem to a close approximation of its condition prior to disturbance.
It might be river ecosystem or terrestrial ecosystem that forms the basin of the river.
Ultimate goal of a restoration intervention should be devoted to returning damaged ecosystems to a condition that is structurally and functionally similar to the pre-disturbance state. River Management
• Successful Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) implementation is said to be participatory, integrated, adaptive, and ecosystem based. • Including through participation of stakeholders at lowest appropriate level via learning approach that was conceptualised as social learning • Learning by doing together; continuously, any issue that prevails in a society; • balancing top-down and bottom-up approaches beyond informative or consultative participation • Co-designing and co-deciding the mechanism • It also highlights Decision Support System (DSS) implementation in Langat River Basin. Objectives of Restoration and Management
Restoration Management To reduce man-made land degradation To manage water demand with and soil erosion available supply To arrest habitat degradation/loss and To protect and enhance river-related rehabilitate habitats where feasible, and sites for recreation and tourism to conserve and enhance bio-diversity
To prevent water quality degradation To provide for and enhance and improve degraded water quality navigational use of river channel To mitigate severity of floods and reduce To initiate, develop and implement frequency of flooding more effective governance systems and management support programme. To rehabilitate eroding river banks and beds To manage the river sand abstraction Sustainability Science Demonstration Site Project Implementation
UNESCO RESTORING AND MANAGING STAR LESTARI Local LANGAT UKM Stakeholders RIVER, MALAYSIA JFIT FOR FUTURE
Project Project Implementer Project Demonstration Site Funder/Initiator Establishment of Sustainability Science Demonstration Pilot Project at Langat River Basin • LRB is a unique and special basin in Malaysia because it lays within three (3) different state administrations, which are Selangor State, Negeri Sembilan State and the Putrajaya Federal Territory. • LRB comprises of four (5) main districts: Hulu Langat, Kuala Langat, Sepang, Putrajaya and Seremban. • It is situated approximately 27 km to the south of Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia). The catchment of the Langat River is about 2,350 km2 with a length of 200 km flowing from Klang Valley to the Straits of Melaka. Why Langat River Basin?
• LRB Malaysia has been recognized as one of the UNESCO HELP River Basin since 2004 (during the implementation phase of HELP) and was classified as Evolving HELP Basin, out of 91 catchments from 67 countries in the world. • It is located in the mid-western part of Peninsular Malaysia and lays across two states and one federal territory as mentioned above. • This initiative led by Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
Langat HELP River Basin What is HELP?
• HELP is a cross cutting and transdisciplinary initiative of the UNESCO led by the International Hydrological Programme (IHP). HELP has created a new approach to integrated catchment management through a framework for water law and policy experts, water resource managers and water scientists to work together on water-related problems (UNESCO, 2010). • The objectives of HELP are to deliver social, economic and environmental benefits to stakeholders through sustainable and appropriate use of water by directing hydrological science towards improved integrated catchment management basins and also implementation of research through collaborations between scientists, managers and stakeholders (UNESCO, 2004). HELP Category
Currently there are 91 HELP basins across the globe (in Australia, Asia, Africa, North America and Latin America to demonstrate how HELP principles can be put into practice. The current HELP Network consists of 67 Member States of UNESCO.
Category Description Group D: World Demonstration This is seen as demonstrating best practice in HELP and IWRM, and serves HELP Basin as a model or demonstration basin for other basins - with something to offer other basins.
Group O: Operational HELP Basin This is an established basin which may become a World Demonstration Basin in due course. It is implementing the HELP philosophy in an integrated manner and is involved with stakeholders in basin management.
Group E: Evolving HELP basin This is a basin which is not yet fully operational, but Well-developed plans conforming to the HELP philosophy which are beginning to be implemented. Group P: Proposed HELP Basin Additional information is needed to re-classify this basin. Further work is required to develop plans and activities in an integrated way that supports the HELP philosophy. Overview of Langat River Basin
• Transboundary river basin – covers 3 states Selangor (78%) Negeri Sembilan (19%) Federal Territories of Putrajaya (3%) • Situated approximately 27 km to the south of Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia) • Total basin area – 2,350 km. sq. & 200 km long • Population - 1,184,917 million in 2000, Growth rate 7.64% • Geographical location - located at latitude 02o50’ 48’’ N and longitude 101o40’ 48’’ E with the highest peak being at 820.8 m (2691 ft) and almost 75 percent of the catchment is hilly terrain with average slope 6- 9’’ and another 25 percent of the areas are less than 6’’ while some swamps along the river. Langat River Basin – Socio-Economics
• The Langat River Basin is currently the fastest developing area in the country, where a number of large scale social-economic projects have either currently taking shape or are already completed in the Basin: The new township of Putrajaya (new Federal Government Administration Center) The Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) for the information technology industry Cyberjaya (the paperless electronic village and township) The Malaysian BioValley project for biotechnology research/industry The Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) The Formula One Grand Prix Circuit at Sepang Several institutions of higher learning including universities THE LANGAT RIVER BASIN The management focus on IWRM and IRBM implementation at catchment level
UPM
Putrajaya Cyberjaya UKM
Sepang F1 Circuit KLIA
Langat River Basin
Total Length: 200 km Total Basin Area: 2,350 km2 HELP River Basin Networks Showing Langat River Basin in Malaysia Out of 91 RB in the World & 26 RB in AP & 3 RB in SEA
Langat HELP River Basin, Malaysia Establishment of Sustainability Science Demonstration Pilot Project on Restoring and Managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future Objectives: 1. To gain knowledge on the interrelations between urban conditions and the state of waters and the instruments and techniques for their management; 2. To identify ways to standardised sustainability science methodologies and to identify potential sustainability indicators; 3. To increase resilience to climatic extremes in the Langat river basin; 4. To develop rehabilitation plan of the degraded urban waters based on ecohydrology principles included in sustainable science principles 5. To develop urban storm water management tool based on ecohydrology principles included in sustainable science principles; and 6. To produce and disseminate a document summarizing the key findings and recommendations. Water Pollution Water pollution has become one of the main problem in the Langat Basin and increased water deficiency has worsen the situation. (Mokhtar et al. 2012)
PROJECT ACTIVITIES Collection of Baseline Qualitative and Quantitative Data
No. Organization Type of Data Collection 1. Department of Irrigation and Water Quality Drainage (DID) Flood Event Annual Rainfall Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) Plan 2005 Urban Stormwater Manual (MSMA) 2. Department of Environment (DOE) Pollution Prevention and River Water Quality Improvement Programme of Langat River Study Report 2003 Malaysia Environmental Quality Report (MEQR) 2004-2014 3. Department of Statistic Population number 4. Department of Agriculture (DOA) Land Use Map of Langat River Basin 5. Selangor Water Management Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) Plan for Langat River Basin Authority (SWMA) 2015 Selangor Water Management Authority Act 1999 6. Institute for Environment and Pollution Sources Development (LESTARI), UKM Governance of Langat River Basin Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Ecosystem Health of the Langat Basin Sustainable Development of Langat River Basin Upscaling MSMA Stormwater Management Ecohydrology of Langat River 7 Town and Country Planning Environmental Sensitive Areas Report Department (JPBD) Historical Sites in Langat River Basin 8. Economic Planning Unit (EPU) Review of the National Water Resources Study (2000-2050) 9. Ministry of Natural Resources and The formulation of National Water Resources Policy Management (NRE) 10. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology KeTTHA Annual Reports and Water (KeTTHA) 1st Stakeholders Consultation Workshop
(IWRM Success Story in Langat HELP River Basin, Malaysia) 6 Novemebr 2015 Puri Pujangga Hotel, UKM
The main objectives of this workshop were to introduce the IWRM initiative at the Langat HELP River Basin, Malaysia; to introduce the Sustainability Science Demonstration Project: Restoring and Managing Langat River Basin, Malaysia; and to gather information on the current condition, issues and impact of the environment in the Langat River Basin. 2nd Stakeholders Consultation Workshop (Focus Group Discussion with Langat Stakeholders) 18 May 2016, Puri Pujangg Hotel, UKM
The focus group discussion with Langat Stakeholders is carried out through round table dialogue after presentations by key stakeholders from Selangor State, Negeri Sembilan State and Putrajaya Federal Territory representatives lead by Prof. Dato’. Dr Mazlin bin Mokhtar, the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation of UKM as well as Chairman of Langat UNESCO HELP River Basin Network in Malaysia. It was attended by 50 participants from various stakeholders in Langat River Basin. Stakeholders Discussion/Dialogue Site Observation, Identification & Verification
No Location Site Visit Area 1. Putrajaya Federal Lake Territory Wetland Dam Administrative Areas Urban Water Management 2. Selangor State Langat River and its Tributaries Aboriginal Area (Kuala Langat) Historical Area (Jugra) Residential Areas (Hulu Langat) Livestock Areas Dams (Langat & Semenyih) Coastal Zone Areas (Sepang) 3. Negeri Sembilan Industrial Areas (Nilai) State Labu River Data Analysis
• Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes Trends in Langat River Basin for the year of 1974, 1991, 2001 & 2013. • Analysis of River Water Quality Index (WQI) Status in Langat River Basin by using data from year 2003-2014. • Analysis of Flood Occurrence Trends and their relationship with other indicator in Langat River Basin, by using two sets of data covering two range of time (1985-1999 & 2006-2013). • Analysis of Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) for Langat River Basin, which uses a pressure–state–response function based on basin Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) state condition by using the available data for the period of 2009 to 2013. KEY RESULT Key Issues in Langat River Basin
Deterioration of Water Quality
Key Water Urban Shortage Issues Stormwater LRB
Fragmentation Overall Land Use Changes in LRB
Land use Types 1974 (ha) (%) 1991 (ha) (%) 2001 (ha) (%) 2013 (ha) (%) Forest 52,579.7 17.9 50,906.4 17.3 45,071.9 15.4 48,285.0 16.5 Mangroves & Peat 75,252.6 25.7 37,014.5 12.6 25,630.7 8.7 27,560.8 9.4 swamp Agriculture 155,249.0 52.9 170,705.0 58.2 164,841.0 56.2 142,387.916 48.5 Developed Area 7,022.8 2.4 28,510.7 9.7 51,502.8 17.5 69,056.1 23.5 Waterbody 3,267.3 1.1 6,401.5 2.2 6,207.1 2.1 6,009.113 2.0 Total 293,370.3 100 293,340.5 100 293,253.6 100 293,298.875 100 Water Quality Index (WQI) Status
WQI average of Langat River Basin from 2003-2014
82.00 80.38 80.33 79.75 80.00 78.75 77.93 78.00 78.00 75.93 76.73 76.00 74.13
WQI 74.60 74.00
72.00 72.67 73.00 70.00
68.00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year Water Quality Index (WQI) Status
Water River WQI Status Classes Sg. Chuau 87.92 II Slightly Polluted Sg. Jijan 84.83 II Slightly Polluted Sg.Lui 91.58 II Slightly Polluted Sg. Semenyih 83.25 II Slightly Polluted Sg.Langat 71.42 III Polluted Sg. Pajam 75.17 III Polluted Sg Anak Chuau 77.67 II Slightly Polluted Sg. Batang Nilai 59.67 III Polluted Sg. Beranang 82.25 II Slightly Polluted Sg. Buan 75.50 II Slightly Polluted Sg. Rinching 72.63 III Polluted Sg. Limau Manis 68.63 III Polluted Sg. Balak 61.75 III Polluted Sg. Batang Labu 76.75 II Slightly Polluted Sg. Batang Benar 67.13 III Polluted Flood Occurrences and Rainfall Pattern 60 56 3000.00 52 50 47 2500.00 41 40 2000.00 33 30 27 1500.00 19 20 1000.00 12 10 500.00
0 0.00 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Occurrence Mean rainfall (mm)
30 27 28
25 21 21 20 18 18 16 15 16 15 12 12 12 9 10 9 10 8 7 7 6 5 4 5 3 3 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Hulu Langat 16 9 15 12 7 16 28 9 Kuala Langat 12 0 8 3 18 10 7 6 Sepang 5 3 18 12 27 21 21 4 Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) Status Analysis of Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) for Langat River Basin, which uses a pressure–state–response function based on basin Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) state condition by using the available data for the period of 2009 to 2013. The WSI Result for Langat HELP River Basin is shown below:
H+E+L+P WSI = ______4
WSI < 0.5: Low 0.5 < WSI < 0.8: Medium WSI > 0.8: High
H = Hydrology indicator (0-1) E = Environmental indicator (0-1) L = Livelihood indicator (0-1) P = Policy indicator (0-1)
Score < 0.50 : Bottleneck Framework of Sustainability Science for Sustainable Management of Langat River Basin
• Framework of Sustainability Science for Sustainable Management of Langat River Basin has developed for implementation - in line with other Langat River Basin Management Plans produced by LUAS and DID.
Strategy and Action Plan
Organization Education Monitoring Enabling and Implementation and and Environment Institutional Instruments Outreach Evaluation Roles WAY FORWARD
• To ensure sustainable development, water resources need to be managed in an integrated and holistic manner. • River management becomes sustainable with good restoration and management practices. • River restoration took place to some extent in Langat River Basin but a number of challenges like forest fragmentation, development pressure on land use, forest cover loss are still present. • Restoring and managing river are integral part of IRBM implementation. • It is possible to overcome these challenges by IRBM implementation in Langat River Basin including through Social Learning, Collaborative Decision Making (CDM), Sustainability Science Approach, etc. • Research and educational programmes should be expanded to reach all relevant stakeholders, such as the public sector, the business sector, NGOs and local communities. • Programmes for Improving Langat HELP River Basin need to be done such as Development of Langat Research Information Centre (LRIC) for Sustainability Science of Langat River Basin. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), UKM • UNESCO Office Jakarta • Japan Funds-in-Trust (JFIT) • Participation and contribution from key agencies and stakeholders in Langat River Basin which involved and provided data and information during this project including during data collection, during site visits as well as during 1st and 2nd Stakeholder Consultation Workshops conducted under this study, especially Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Putrajaya Corporation (PPJ), Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA/(LUAS), Department of Environment (DOE), National Water Services Commission (SPAN), National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE), Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA), Department of Agriculture (DOA), Department of Statistic Malaysia, Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur (HTCKL), UNESCO-IHP Malaysia, Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP), WWF-Malaysia, Global Environment Centre (GEC), CETDEM, EcoKnights, Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), Eco Development Facilities Sdn. Bhd., Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL), researchers from UKM and Local Communities in Langat River Basin. For Further Info please contact:
Dr. Rahmah Elfithri Langat HELP River Basin Coordinator & Senior Lecturer/Research Fellow Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Email: [email protected]