Roscher's Mythological Lexicon
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The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Roscher's Mythological Lexicon W. Warde Fowler The Classical Review / Volume 2 / Issue 10 / December 1888, pp 307 - 312 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00193655, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00193655 How to cite this article: W. Warde Fowler (1888). Roscher's Mythological Lexicon. The Classical Review, 2, pp 307-312 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00193655 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 128.173.127.127 on 15 Mar 2015 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 307 rived his catalogue already possessed the of the Perfect State.' Here, strange to say, ' first text' and the ' second text' of Physics the analysis might have been carried further. B. VII., which we hear of in Simplicius 1 Birt (Das antilce Buchwesen, p. 459, n. 3) at If so, it was not between the times of once fastened on book E, on Revolutions, as Alexander Aphrodisiensis and Simplicius a separate treatise : nor is the connexion of that the double text arose (or, as Mr. Shute books A Z either with the first three, or would say, the one text was differentiated with 'the tract of the Perfect State,' one into two) : on the contrary, the two texts whit less obscure than the connexion between are carried back to the Alexandrine age: those two portions of the work themselves. this is admitted for Diogenes' catalogue Are we then to amend Mr. Shute's ' certain (p. 93). Thus one way of accounting for result' and say that the Politics is made up, repetitions fails the first time it is tried. not of two, but oi/our independent treatises Next it is applied to the two texts, as they of different classes % Before this be done it are called, of the Politics. This seems un- is worth while to weigh well the indications fortunate. There is hardly a vestige of pointed out by Susemihl some time ago, and evidence that rival schools of commentators quite recently by Mr. Newman, of unity of ever took up the Politics in the way in plan and structure pervading the work, which Alexander, Themistius, Philoponus, although none of its various parts fits Simplicius and others worked away at the exactly with the others. For example, the Physics: and it is not to the labours of rival writer who sketches a perfect state is found schools, but rather to time and careless to embody exactly the good points which are copying, or the revision of Byzantine praised, and to avoid exactly the bad points pedants, that one would ascribe such dis- which are censured, in the constitutions crepancies as are found in the Politics reviewed in B. II. The essay supposes that between two classes of manuscripts, or the two books containing a sketch of the between all extant manuscripts and the Perfect State ' whoever was their author, Versio Antiqua. Mr. Shute is on his own were not written as part of the general ground, however, when he shows from course to which the remaining books of the Physics, VII. (p. 127 sqq.) how, when two Politics belong.' Then how to explain these texts had in whatever way arisen, the copy- ' undesigned coincidences ' % ists were sure in the course of time to make We take leave of this essay with the con- confusion worse confounded by ' contamina- viction that it is creditable to English tion '; how the variant was certain to creep scholarship. It is not probable that it first into the margin and then into the text. would have won acceptance for its conclu- This, which is all excellent, is then applied sions, even if published while they were to the far more complex case of De Anima, held as yet unchanged by the writer him- II. III., whether rightly or wrongly remains self. But it really grapples with its subject, to be seen. The last two chapters of the it sets the reader thinking perforce, and essay are intended to exemplify the positions displays qualities as rare as they are in- previously laid down, especially as to cita- trinsically valuable in research of this kind, tions and repetitions, by a closer examination originality to seize novel points and courage of the Ethics and Politics. The latter work to follow out every hypothesis to its is said to consist of two parts, six books of conclusions. political lectures and the ' finished (sic) tract R. D. HICKS. ROSCHER'S MYTHOLOGICAL LEXICON. ARTICLES ON ROMAN RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY. THESE articles form only a small portion of part, which is to contain an account of the the twelve parts of the Lexicon which have Italian Hercules; and this delay may mean, as yet appeared, and are altogether inferior it is to be hoped, that as the more important in interest, and perhaps also in workmanship, figures in the Roman religion are approached, to the extensive mass of writing on the Greek the contributors are taking greater pains, deities ?o elaborately and ably criticised by and the editor exercising his rights with Mr. Farnell in recent numbers of this greater vigilance. Review. A long delay seems to have oc- For in spite of the labour bestowed on some curred in the publication of the thirteenth of the articles, and the learning brought to- x 2 308 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. gether in them, it is hardly possible even for to those which deal with the pseudo-religion the English student to feel satisfied with the of the Empire. In the latter case, the work as a whole. The writer of this review, material is for the most part really new, and having been engaged for some years in a the work consists largely of compilation and study of the old Roman life on its religious inference from the vast stores of the volumes side, naturally looked forward to the appear- of the Corpus; in the former, the real ance of each part with the expectation of material is old and well-sifted, but often very being saved much trouble, and of learning meagre, and rendered very difficult to work much in the way of method which might upon by the deposit overlying it, which has lead to increased accuracy and a sounder been brought down by a stream of indifferent habit of judgment in questions where accu- researchers, since the days when it was first racy and judgment are the scholar's most opened up by the labours of men in all essential qualifications. Looking back upon respects worthy of the name of scholar. the use that he has been able to make of the Before criticising some of the most im- Lexicon so far, he is obliged to confess that, portant articles, it may be as well to mention though he is greatly indebted to it in certain two main shortcomings which seem to affect particulars, e.g. for references to modern pe- the value of the work as a whole. The first riodicals, and for much trouble saved in of these is the uncertainty of the method handling the Corpus Inscriptionum, he has applied, and the consequent want of a clear not gained from it nearly so much as he had order in the arrangement of the matter. hoped, at any rate in the study of those Not unfrequently the article narrowly escapes articles which deal more particularly with being an unintelligible jumble ; yet if there the history of the older and genuinely is one thing which is a sine qua, non in a Italian forms of the Roman religion. dictionary, it is orderly clearness. Now It may be that this is as much the result Marquardt, a most experienced hand and the of the nature of the subject, as of the short- safest guide in this kind of work, laid it comings of the writers; for there is nothing down long ago that in Roman religious an- in the world more difficult than to draw up tiquities, rich in cult but poor in mythology, a succinct and yet complete account of sub- the true method is to proceed from the cult jects which are often so obscure and almost to the spiritual conception underlying it. always so teasingly complicated as are for us When Marquardt laid down this rule for the religious ideas of the Romans. But it is himself, he was perhaps mentally contrast- a fact that the modern German scholar does ing his own object and method with that of not, as a rule, get the better of his materials Preller, which was very different and less as did the masters of an older generation, strictly scientific; but he was at the same such as were Ambrosch, Schwegler, Preller, time enunciating a truth which is based on and Marquardt. The material it is true the very mental and moral fibre of the has grown, in quantity if not in quality, and Roman character itself. To put it shortly, those great writers were not so liable as the you can only get at what the Romans thought present generation to have the edge of their about their gods, by examining what they did minds blunted by the incessant perusal of in worshipping them. Even then you cannot ill-written ' Forschungen,' which cannot be get very far; for ritual is very difficult to entirely neglected, but weary and distract interpret, and there will still be a thick veil the mind, and insidiously habituate it with between you and the inner sanctuary of the misleading methods and illogical ways of Roman mind ; nor can you easily form an reasoning.