GUIDANCE on ESTIMATING NON-POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS 2020 Series 7 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7

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GUIDANCE on ESTIMATING NON-POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS 2020 Series 7 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7 GUIDANCE ON ESTIMATING NON-POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS 2020 Series 7 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7 Welcome to UNITAR’s Guidance Series for Implementing a National Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) Design Project Based on the lessons learned through ongoing activities supporting PRTR development world- wide, UNITAR has developed the following documents in a guidance series intended to facilitate the design and implementation of Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs): • Implementing a National PRTR Design Project: A Guidance Document • Series 1: Preparing a National PRTR Infrastructure Assessment • Series 2: Designing the Key Features of a National PRTR System • Series 3: Implementing a PRTR Pilot Reporting • Series 4: Structuring a National PRTR Proposal • Series 5: Addressing Industry Concerns Related to PRTRs • Series 6: Guidance for Facilities on PRTR Data Estimation and Reporting • Series 7: Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions To access additional resources on various aspects of PRTR design and implementation, see: UNITAR’s PRTR Platform highlights the activities of the UNITAR Chemicals and Waste Management Programme in support of the implementation of PRTRs. The site includes a library of Resources from UNITAR and other international organizations focused on supporting the development of PRTRs. The PRTR Platform also provides access to video training modules on different aspects of the develop- ment and implementation of national PRTRs through PRTR:Learn http:prtr.unitar.org For additional information, please contact: Chemicals and Waste Management Programme United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) email: [email protected] 2 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7 Table of Contents Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 PART A: Introduction to Non-Point Source Emissions Estimation ������������������������������������������������7 1� What Are Non-Point Sources of Pollutants? ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 2� Why Consider Including Non-Point Sources In A National PRTR? ��������������������������������������������8 3� How To Approach The Estimation Of Emissions From Non-Point Sources? ��������������������������8 PART B: Estimating Emissions from Non-Point Sources �������������������������������������������������������������10 1� Domestic Activities and Use of Consumer Products ����������������������������������������������������������������11 1.1 Overview ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.2 Estimating Emissions from Domestic Activities and Consumer Products ������������������������������12 2. Transport and Traffic ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 2.1 Overview ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 2.2 Road Traffic �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 2.3 Shipping �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26 2.4 Railroads ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 2.5 Air Transport �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 3� Agriculture �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35 3.1 Overview ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35 3.2 Pesticide Use ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 3.3 Manure Management ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 3.4 Burning of Waste Biomass ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 3.5 Enteric Fermentation �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44 3.6 Combustion Emissions from Use of Motorized Equipment ������������������������������������������������������46 4� Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMES) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������48 4.1 Overview ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������48 4.2 Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Industrial Sub-sectors in Which Larger Plants Are Commonly Treated as Point Sources ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50 4.3 Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Whose Activities Can Be Directly Related to Population and Population Density ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������54 5� Natural Sources �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 5.1 Overview ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 5.2 Estimating Emissions from Natural Sources ���������������������������������������������������������������������������58 3 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7 PART C: Non-Point Estimation Data in the Context of a National PRTR System ������������������������60 1� Incorporating Non-Point Source Emission Data In A National PRTR System �������������������������61 1.1 General Considerations �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������61 1.2 Useful Tools ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63 2� Some Practical Experiences On The Incorporation Of Non-Point Sources In A National PRTR: ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������65 The Netherlands Emission Inventory System ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������65 2.1 Development of the Netherlands PRTR System ����������������������������������������������������������������������65 2.2 Key Features of the Netherlands PRTR System ����������������������������������������������������������������������66 Sources �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������72 4 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7 List of Acronyms AEDT Aviation Environmental Design Tool EMEP European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EEA European Environment Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LTO landings/take-off cycles MOVES MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PRTR Pollutant Release and Transfer Register RET Release Estimation Techniques SMEs Small and Medium Sized Enterprises TIM Time in Mode TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency VKT Vehicle Kilometer Traveled VOC Volatile Organic Compound 5 Guidance on Estimating Non-Point Source Emissions 2020 Series 7 Introduction Countries around the world are adopting Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) to 1 characterize the quantity and nature of the environmental releases and off-site transfers of specif- ic chemical substances. Under a typical PRTR system, annual pollutant release and transfer data for listed chemicals are estimated by facilities and reported to the government, which then makes them publicly available, such as through an online searchable database and documents summa- rizing analyses of the PRTR data. As such, a PRTR is a tool for promoting efficient and effective policies for environmental protection and sustainable development. A PRTR system generally covers releases and transfers from point sources of pollutants, such as industrial facilities. Pollutant emissions data from these point sources are usually obtained from in- formation collected or generated at the facility level through direct measurement of emissions and transfers, or through the use of methods for estimating or calculating the emissions1. In addition to accounting for point sources of pollution, countries might also consider including in their PRTR systems the emissions contributed by non-point or diffuse sources of pollutants. This document provides an introduction to and overview of methods to estimate pollutant emis- sions from non-point sources for national or regional pollutant registers or inventories. It aims to inform PRTR designers about appropriate methods and data requirements for estimating non- point source emissions suitable for
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